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Developing Open Source Software for Educational Sector – Case: Future Learning Environment 3 EurAsia-ICT 2002, Shiraz-Iran, 29-31 Oct. Developing Open Source Software for Educational Sector – Case: Future Learning Environment 3 Leinonen, T.; Pietarila J.; Kligyte G. [email protected] UIAH Media Lab, University of Art and Design Helsinki, Finland Abstract In last two years free and Open Source software has been seen to have a lot of potential in education sector. Behind the Open Source movement there is philosophy that emphasizes freedom of information, freedom of speech and expression, creativity and communalism. The modern education philosophy of collaborative knowledge building draws attention to same issues. To use Open Source software at schools and universities there is several pedagogical and administrational reasons. Future Learning Environment (Fle3) is Open Source software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL). Fle3 is so called web based learning environment, which can be used with standard web-browsers. Fle3 software is developed by Open Source community, which contains pedagogical researchers, user interface designers, software engineers, practitioners of education, teachers and students. The main aim is to develop software for learner and group centered work that concentrates on creating and developing expressions of knowledge. The modules of Fle3 are user’s WebTop (virtual desktop in the web), Knowledge Building module and Jam Session module. Fle3 software is already in use in many educational institutions, but research and development is still work-in-progress. Keywords Open Source, software, education, computer support, collaborative learning, CSCL, Fle3 Page 131 software without caring how the software Open Source Philosophy and works. The founder of Free Software Education Foundation2, Richard Stallman has compared Open Source software to food The term Open Source software refers to recipes which people share with each computer programs, which source code is 3 other . If someone makes some openly available for users’ modification improvements to the recipe he most likely and distribution. The term Open Source want to deliver the improved recipe to his software is commonly mixed with “Free friends, too. Sharing recipes and code Software”. In the French-speaking world always involves a process of learning, as the Open Source software is called well. "Logiciel Libre". The concept of "libre" describes well what kind of openness the The development of Open Source Open Source software community aims software takes place in a community of to.1 users and developers working though Internet. The user-developer’s The idea of Open Source is to be open community’s activity is very similar to the ("libre") for users to study and learn how scientific communities way of sharing and the software works. To be able to see how self-reviewing their own members work. the software works one must have access Similar way as in science a new theory to the source code of the software. The becomes part of the paradigm or school, source code must be open. Similar way in in case of Open Source software a new education one must get to the sources of piece of code becomes part of the core information to understand the phenomena code through the community’s peer review under study. process. The community reviews and Open Source software is not necessary evaluates if the new code brings free in terms of money. By being open something new to the existing core code. anyone may also sell them. As the buyer The development of Open Source gets all rights - except the moral rights, software is ongoing process of inquiry, which stay naturally in the original creators learning by doing and reviewing the 4 of the software - the prices of the software results of the community. When stay relative low. In most cases the Open considering the philosophy of Open Source software are free if one downloads Source software it is actually rather odd them from Internet. The low price and that something other than Open Source freedom to use Open Source software can software have ever been used in be seen equal to such public services educational sector. provided by most nations as public libraries and education for all. In Open Source Software for information society basic tools and Schools standards needed to participate in the The amount of Open Source software has society and to express and educate increased rapidly in the last five years. For oneself must be free and available for all most of the activities that are carried out in citizens. This kind of tools in the schools with computers there is an Open information society are for instance the Source alternative. For the leading Open software needed to send messages, to Source operating system, Linux, there are browse and search information, to study, number of easy to use distribution to write texts, to do basic calculations, to packages with graphical user interface draw images and to create and play desktop and window systems (Slackware, music. Debian, RedHat, SuSE, Mandrake, Best Open Source software liberate users from Linux).5 One may choose from several the role of being passive consumer. If Open Source web browsers, web editors interested in, the user of the software may and email software (Konqueror, Mozilla)6 study how the software works, make in it and from several office packages some improvements and also share her (OpenOffice, Koffice)7 that include word changes with other users. In other words processors, spreadsheet programs the user may study the logics of the (AbiSource, Gnumeric)8 and presentation software, design in it some new features programs. One may also use one of the and in this way learn more about the Open Source image processing programs software and computing in general. (Gimp, Gphoto)9. Furthermore there are Naturally user may also only use the several specialized Open Source learning Page 132 environment software (Fe3, MimerDesk, - Possibility to improve and fix the Shadow netWorkspace and Manhattan software; Virtual School)10. - Updates immediately available; Very important late advancements in a - Easiness of license administration: number of Open Source software are the remarkable improvements at the level of - Expenses. usability and the more comprehensive use of industrial standards, (mainly those set For several uses of computers in schools there is no Open Source alternative. For by the big North American software example a number of educational CD- companies). One may argue that people ROMs can be used only in proprietary who have learned basics computer skills environments. Also for more advanced with Open Source software may easily audio, video and multimedia production adapt their skills to other computer one must use proprietary software. environments as well. It even seems to be However, meaningful distribution between that the change from using Open Source Open Source and proprietary computers in software to proprietary software is easier schools could be 80 % to 20 %. In cases than other way round. when the use of computers is planned to Reasons to choose Open Source software be integrated to teaching of all school for educational sector can be dived in two subjects, and computers will be located in groups; administrational and all class rooms, the Open Source software pedagogical.11 The most important, the can meet the basic needs. pedagogical, reasons are: The recent development of computing - With Open Source software one becoming more network and server based learns principles and theories – than depending on software run in a not the specific software solutions personal computer is also defending more of one software provider; extended use of Open Source software in education. The situation where a school is - Possibility to freely combine using server based learning environments learning material and software the client computers can be relative thin, (e.g. text materials and running only browser software and basic simulations); tools (Office and drawing). In the following - Emphasizes critical approach to we present an example of server based tools and content; learning environment, which can be used with thin clients. - Gives new possibilities for teachers and students creativity; Case: Future Learning - Learning, studying and Environment 3 understanding are processes, Since spring 2001 the research group of which requires that students get to learning environments for progressive know earlier generations’ inquiry of the UIAH Media Lab has been achievements, inquiry on them, developing an experimental web-based discuss on them and develop learning environment called Future them in future Learning Environment 3 (Fle3).12 Fle3 We may also define several research and development is supported by administrational reasons that promote the The European Commission in the use of Open Source software in education: Information Society Technologies (IST) framework; IST-00-III.2 'School of - For school use there is good Tomorrow' [ITCOLE project]. enough selection software with enough functionality with good Fle3 is Open Source and Free Software enough usability; released under GNU the General Public Licence (GPL). Fle3 is a Zope product, - Independency from only one written in Python. Zope is Open Source provider; application server and run on almost all - Possibility to make competition Operating Systems (Linux, MacOS X, between several providers; *BSD, etc.) and Microsoft Windows. - Investments done stays in local Fle3 is software for computer supported level and do not go overseas; collaborative learning (CSCL). The main Page
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