Urban Spatial Structure in Relation to Intermodal Competition in Long-Distance Travel the Case of Berlin and München
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Urban spatial structure in relation to intermodal competition in long-distance travel The case of Berlin and München Version Final Date 28 June 2018 Author Tibor Rongen Student number S1014704 Supervisor Prof. dr. P.M. Ache 1 Urban spatial structure in relation to intermodal competition in long-distance travel The case of Berlin and München MAN-BIM357-2017-3-V Bachelor thesis Geography, Planning and Environment Nijmegen School of Management Radboud University Version Final Date 28 June 2018 Author Tibor Rongen Student number S1014704 Supervisor Prof. dr. P.M. Ache 2 Preface In front of you is my bachelor’s thesis in the field of Geography, Planning and Environment. This paper is the final piece of the pre-master programme in Spatial Planning which I started last September. The last months I have worked with lots of devotion on this research. The subject of intermodal competition has fascinated me for some time now, so I was happy to investigate this research area on a daily basis. From time to time I was however too fixated at certain direction to continue my research in since I spent a lot of time orientating on new approaches. In the final stage this unfortunately resulted in a time shortage. This has however been a good lesson for me to better consider the structure of my research on forehand. Fortunately, the advice of Mr. Ache helped me to get back on track and to structure my research process. Herewith, I would like to thank him for the support during the course of writing this thesis. Finally, I would like to thank my friends and family for their motivation and support. I hope you will enjoy reading this paper. Utrecht, June 2018 Tibor Rongen 3 Abstract The recent completion of the Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit nr. 8 has enabled the High-Speed Train (HST) to travel between Berlin and München in under four hours. This development has revived the public debate on the possible substitutive role of the HST in relation to the aircraft on this route. This paper analyses the extent to which urban spatial structure influences the intermodal competition between HST and the aircraft in the Berlin-München market. Considering the central three parameters of transport mode service level, urban spatial structure and terminal accessibility this research attempted to tackle this research problem. The results show that urban spatial structure on the level of the functional urban areas (FUA) are to a limited extent in favour of the HST. However, comparing two different transport markets requires more refinement in which this paper provides a spatial perspective. 4 Index PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 INDEX .................................................................................................................................................................... 5 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 PROJECT FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE ......................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 8 1.4.1 Main research question ........................................................................................................................... 8 1.4.2 Sub-questions ........................................................................................................................................... 8 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE .............................................................................................................................. 10 2.1.1 The network society ............................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Interurban relations ............................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.3 Exploring the concept of urban regions/regional urban systems .......................................................... 11 2.1.4 Towards Functional Urban Areas (FUA) ................................................................................................. 12 2.2 THE INTERACTION BETWEEN HST AND AIRLINES IN LONG-DISTANCE TRAVEL ................................................................ 13 2.2.1 An introduction to long-distance travel ................................................................................................. 13 2.2.2 Definitions of intermodal competition and cooperation ........................................................................ 13 2.2.3 New emerging network structures ........................................................................................................ 14 2.2.4 Terminal accessibility ............................................................................................................................. 15 2.2.5 The dynamics of catchment areas ......................................................................................................... 16 2.2.6 Transport effects of HST and air travel .................................................................................................. 16 2.3 LINKING THE CONCEPTS: URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE RELATED TO LONG-DISTANCE TRAVEL ............................................ 17 2.4 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................... 18 2.5 REFLECTION ................................................................................................................................................... 19 3. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 21 3.1 RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY .................................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 RESEARCH STRATEGY ........................................................................................................................................ 21 3.3 DATA COLLECTION ........................................................................................................................................... 22 3.3.1 Case selection ........................................................................................................................................ 22 3.3.2 Operationalisation of urban spatial structure variables ........................................................................ 24 3.3.3 Definition of HST stations and airport terminals ................................................................................... 25 3.3.4 Terminal accessibility ............................................................................................................................. 26 3.3.5 Service levels .......................................................................................................................................... 26 3.4 APPLIED ANALYTICAL METHODS .......................................................................................................................... 27 3.4.1 Spatial analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 27 3.4.2 Potential accessibility calculations ......................................................................................................... 27 3.5 REFLECTION ................................................................................................................................................... 28 4. RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................................... 30 4.1 INTERMODAL COMPETITION IN THE BERLIN-MÜNCHEN MARKET ............................................................................... 30 4.1.1 An introduction to the Berlin-München route ........................................................................................ 30 4.1.2 Service levels .......................................................................................................................................... 32 4.2 URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE GROSSSTADTREGIONS ...................................................................................... 34 4.3 TERMINAL ACCESSIBILITY ................................................................................................................................... 39 5 4.3.1 Terminal accessibility by access modes