DOCSLIB.ORG

How to Identify and Control Chinch Bugs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How to Identify and Control Chinch Bugs Antenna Head Pronotum Thorax Femora Scutellum Corium \ Abdomen Membrane Drawing of typical chinch bug.. Blissus leucopterus (Say); this is long-winged form. How to Identify and Control Chinch Bugs Results of another Weeds and Turf field research project HERE is some confusion in mouthparts as are found in the family, not because the chinch T mosquito. At rest the stylet is held bug is typical but because it is the entomological circles which di- between the legs almost parallel most destructive member of the rectly affects the turf pest control to the body. family. Lygaeids are generally business. The mention of "chinch Another character which helps phytophagus or plant sap suckers. bug" by a worker in one part of to distinguish Hemiptera is the They insert their beaks into tender the country can be interpreted by scutellum. This is a triangular portions of plants, usually of the two other people, in other areas, structure directly on the back of grass family, and feed on juices as different insects. This part of the insect which might be de- from the insides. the problem is practical, the other scribed as "right between his Blissus is the genus of this part is academic* It seems that shoulder blades." Although He- family in which we are interested. there is confusion whether hirtus miptera share this character with The following characters will help and insularis listed below as sub- another insect group, when one identify a member of the genus species should be subspecies or finds an insect with a scutellum Blissus. The slightly cone-shaped should be listed directly under and divided wings, he can be head is bent gradually downward leucopterus as a separate and dis- certain it's a Hemipteran. anteriorly. The antennae are as tinct species. long as the head and the pronotum To begin a short study of chinch The family which concerns us combined. The pronotum covering bugs, it is necessary to know some- here is Lygaeidae (lie-gee'-ih-dee), the thorax is convex in the middle, thing about the order and family sometimes called the chinch bug tapering downward at the sides. to which chinch bugs belong. The scutellum previously de- Order Hemiptera is that insect Figure 1. Here is the classification of the chinch scribed does not have a ridge down group which comprises the true bwg, showing the "subspecies" which have per- the middle of it as other members bugs. "Hemiptera" refers to the plexed some researchers. of this family may have. When the front wing structure of this order. adult insect is at rest, all that can The basal portion of the wing is Class: Insecta be seen is a small part of the sides thickened and somewhat leathery; of the abdomen below the wings; it is called the corium. The apical Order: Hemiptera the wings do not completely cover or distal portion is typically mem- the abdomen but leave a slight branous as is the second set or Family: Lygaeidae margin showing. hind wings. With only half of the front set membranous, we get the Genus: Blissus Blissus leucopterus (Say) is the term descriptive of the order, chinch bug of agricultural infamy. hemiptera or "half wing." At rest Species: leucopterus Thomas Say, a nineteenth century taxonomist, originally described insects in this order fold their Subspecies: wings across their backs so that this species in a genus other than Blissus; that is why his name ap- an "X" pattern is suggested. -hirtus? Hemiptera also have piercing, pears in parentheses after the species name. sucking mouthparts made up of -insularis? fused maxillae and mandibles (2 Since Blissus leucopterus is the each). There are no accessory representative type for chinch bugs, let us examine the life cycle perature, in 1 to 2 weeks or per- This is a good point for recognition of this agricultural pest and see haps longer. The young nymphs, of the species. how it applies to residential pest as they are called, are bright red Total maturation takes about control. and about half the size of a pin- 35 days. Egg-laying processes Life Cycle head. They insert their mouth- begin 7 to 10 days after the adult Adults come out of hibernation parts into plants where they were stage is reached. Females will lay in the spring when temperatures hatched and begin sucking the second generation eggs usually on rise into the 70's. They may have plant juices. Many feed on the young corn plants or other grasses spent the winter in any number same plant and this is what causes which may be succulent at this of places: in clumps of perennial the yellow spots on grass. As the time. grasses, under leaves and litter insects move outward from the In the southern portion of the near small woods, under hedges, area which they have killed, a chinch bug's range, there may be in shocks of corn, under bark of circular pattern of damage is seen. three broods of young each year; trees or in cracks of fenceposts, or Metamorphosis is gradual; in other places only two. under boards or shingles of homes nymphs pass through 5 instars or There are two forms of the or outbuildings. These hibernating growth stages in becoming fully chinch bug Blissus leucopterus, a places will generally have a south- winged adults. They molt 4 times. long-winged form, with wings ex- west exposure to gain benefit from There is no pupa or resting stage tending over the abdomen, and a the sparse winter sun. Usually in the life cycle. Nymphs look short-winged form with fully de- large groups of adult chinch bugs essentially like the adults except veloped wings which hardly cover will be found hibernating in one for the bright red coloration and the abdomen. Throughout the place. the absence of wings. central United States where the Mating is thought to take place With each successive molt, the chinch bug is mainly an agricul- before the bugs take flight from red color diminishes until the adult tural pest, the long-winged form the hibernation spot. After mat- color,black, is reached. Adults are predominates. ing, the few adults which have K inch long and black with only Blissus leucopterus has a range survived the winter fly to the slight reddish tinges around their almost covering the entire United nearest field of wheat or small legs. Their bodies are somewhat States. It is mainly an agricultural grain where the adult females lay hairy or fuzzy. Adult wings are pest in the Mississippi, Missouri several hundred eggs over a period white (leuco-pterus means ''white and Ohio River valleys, but it of about 20 days. wing") with a black triangle on causes trouble from the Appalach- Eggs hatch, depending on tem- the outer margin of the front wing. ians to the Rocky mountains.jThe agricultural chinch bug ranges as America (1926): "More robust the specimens taken were the far north as Quebec and New than typical leucopterus with short-wing forms." This is thought England and west to British Co- longer and denser and more erect by some to be a criterion for lumbia; south and west to Florida, yellowish hairs on the pronotum elevating it to species rank. Texas and Mexico. and sides of the abdomen. The Short-wing forms are those with Although not generally found femora are often dark brown smaller, yet mature, wings. These in California, Arizona, and Wash- (rather than reddish)." forms do not appear to have large ington, B. leucopterus has been Hirtus is a domestic pest, that scale migrations from one food collected in those states. is, it attacks lawns and golf courses plant to another as is commonly With facts about Blissus leucop- rather than agricultural crops. Its observed for the long-wing form. terus well in hand, we can continue feeding causes circles of yellowing Lawn Chinch Bug to investigate the other species and death of grasses, mainly bent- A third chinch bug exists in the which are nonagricultural yet eco- grass, in lawns. southern parts of the United nomically important and trouble- Although found predominately States. Opinion here is also divided some. in New England, the hairy chinch as to whether the lawn chinch bug, Hairy Chinch Bug bug does extend its range west as it is commonly called, should be In the northeast sector of the through New York, Pennsylvania, named Blissus leucopterus insularis United States, we find another Ohio, and even as far west as Iowa. Barber or Blissus insularis Barber. chinch bug. It is called the hairy Hirtus has also been taken in Insularis is described as being chinch bug. There is divided Minnesota. shorter and narrower than typical opinion whether it is a separate Just as chinch bugs (leucopterus) leucopterus. The antennae have a species or only a subspecies of have long- and short-wing forms, relatively shorter terminal seg- leucopterus. Consequently two long predominating, there are ment. The pronotum is a deep names are found in the literature long- and short-wing forms for velvety black, and has a promi- describing it: Blissus hirtus Mon- the hairy chinch bug. Short-wing nent silvery-gray pubescence tandon and Blissus leucopterus forms are the most common for (hairiness) on the anterior portion. hirtus Montd. hirtus. The overall hairiness (villosity) is Color characters which attempt "At one time," explains Pro- shorter and sparser than leucop- to distinguish hirtus (we shall call fessor J. B. Polivka of the Ohio terus. it simply hirtus because of the Agricultural Experiment Station The wings appear more whitish, doubt as to its status) come from at Wooster,' 'hirtus was considered and the dark portions of the wings Blatchley's Heteroptera of North a distinct species because 50% of are described as being strongly ARBOR I ST SUPPLY co.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation
    BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE GUT SYMBIONT BURKHOLDERIA ASSOCIATED WITH BLISSUS INSULARIS (HEMIPTERA: BLISSIDAE) By YAO XU A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2015 1 © 2015 Yao Xu 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am fortunate to have been mentored by Dr. Drion Boucias during my doctoral program. His constructive criticism, guidance, and generosity of time and resources allowed me to achieve both breadth and depth in research. Without his inspirational ideas and timely feedback, this dissertation would never have been accomplished on time. I owe my deepest gratitude to my co- advisor, Dr. Eileen Buss, for her encouragement, support, and advice on my academic and personal development. I thank her for admitting me, guiding me to enter the world of Southern chinch bugs, and trusting me. I also would like to thank my other committee members, Drs. Frederick Fishel (Department of Agronomy, UF), Kevin Kenworthy (Department of Agronomy, UF), and Cindy McKenzie (United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service). I appreciate their time, comments, and encouragement on my research and this dissertation. Many scientists and colleagues have been helpful to me during my doctoral program. First, I thank Dr. Michael Scharf (Department of Entomology, Purdue University) for his valuable comments on the detoxification enzyme work, and especially for hosting me in his laboratory in March 2014. Second, I thank Dr. Paul Linser (Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, UF) for his guidance on the confocal microscopy and allowing me to use the microscopes in his laboratory in April 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Upland Rice Research Proceedings of the 1982 Bouaké, Ivory Coast Upland Rice Workshop
    AN OVERVIEW OF UPLAND RICE RESEARCH PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1982 BOUAKÉ, IVORY COAST UPLAND RICE WORKSHOP 1984 INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE LOS BAÑOS, LAGUNA, PHILIPPINES P. O. BOX 933, MANILA, PHILIPPINES The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was established in 1960 by the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations with the help and approval of the Government of the Philippines. Today IRRl is one of 13 nonprofit international research and training centers supported by the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The CGIAR is sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The CGIAR consists of 50 donor countries, international and regional organizations, and private foundations. IRRl receives support, through the CGIAR, from a number of donors including: the Asian Development Bank the European Economic Community the Ford Foundation the International Development Research Centre the International Fund for Agricultural Development the OPEC Special Fund the Rockefeller Foundation the United Nations Development Programme the World Bank and the international aid agencies of the following governments: Australia Belgium Brazil Canada China Denmark Fed. Rep. Germany India Italy Japan Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Philippines Saudi Arabia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States The responsibility for this publication rests with the International Rice Research Institute. ISBN 971-104-121-9 CONTENTS FOREWORD v BASE PAPERS Upland rice in Africa IITA 3 WARDA 21 Upland rice in Asia IRRI 45 Upland rice in India 69 D. M. Maurya and C. P. Vaish Upland rice in Latin America CIAT 93 EMBRAPA 121 ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION Rice production calendar for the Ivory Coast 137 J.
    [Show full text]
  • Predation of the Chinch Bug, Blissus Occiduus Barber (Hemiptera: Blissidae) by Geocoris Uliginosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology Entomology, Department of 2008 Predation of the Chinch Bug, Blissus occiduus Barber (Hemiptera: Blissidae) by Geocoris uliginosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) J. D. Carstens University of Nebraska-Lincoln Frederick P. Baxendale University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Tiffany Heng-Moss University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Robert J. Wright University of Nebraska, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub Part of the Entomology Commons Carstens, J. D.; Baxendale, Frederick P.; Heng-Moss, Tiffany; and Wright, Robert J., "Predation of the Chinch Bug, Blissus occiduus Barber (Hemiptera: Blissidae) by Geocoris uliginosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)" (2008). Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology. 157. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub/157 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 81(4), 2008, pp. 328–338 Predation of the Chinch Bug, Blissus occiduus Barber (Hemiptera: Blissidae) by Geocoris uliginosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) J. D. CARSTENS,F.P.BAXENDALE,T.M.HENG-MOSS, AND R. J. WRIGHT Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583 ABSTRACT: Big-eyed bugs have been well documented as predators on a diverse group of arthropod prey in turfgrasses; however, little is known about the big-eyed bug species associated with buffalograss, or their feeding habits relative to the western chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Barber.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Plant Parameters on Occurrence and Abundance Of
    HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Influence of Plant Parameters on Occurrence and Abundance of Arthropods in Residential Turfgrass 1 S. V. JOSEPH AND S. K. BRAMAN Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, GrifÞn, GA 30223-1797 J. Econ. Entomol. 102(3): 1116Ð1122 (2009) ABSTRACT The effect of taxa [common Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon (L.); centipedegrass, Eremochloa ophiuroides Munro Hack; St. Augustinegrass, Stenotaphrum secundatum [Walt.] Kuntze; and zoysiagrass, Zoysia spp.], density, height, and weed density on abundance of natural enemies, and their potential prey were evaluated in residential turf. Total predatory Heteroptera were most abundant in St. Augustinegrass and zoysiagrass and included Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae, Geocoridae, and Miridae. Anthocoridae and Lasiochilidae were most common in St. Augustinegrass, and their abundance correlated positively with species of Blissidae and Delphacidae. Chinch bugs were present in all turf taxa, but were 23Ð47 times more abundant in St. Augustinegrass. Anthocorids/lasiochilids were more numerous on taller grasses, as were Blissidae, Delphacidae, Cicadellidae, and Cercopidae. Geocoridae and Miridae were most common in zoysiagrass and were collected in higher numbers with increasing weed density. However, no predatory Heteroptera were affected by grass density. Other beneÞcial insects such as staphylinids and parasitic Hymenoptera were captured most often in St. Augustinegrass and zoysiagrass. These differences in abundance could be in response to primary or alternate prey, or reßect the inßuence of turf microenvironmental characteristics. In this study, SimpsonÕs diversity index for predatory Heteroptera showed the greatest diversity and evenness in centipedegrass, whereas the herbivores and detritivores were most diverse in St. Augustinegrass lawns. These results demonstrate the complex role of plant taxa in structuring arthropod communities in turf.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinch Bugs in St
    E-420 10-06 Chinch Bugs in St. Augustine Lawns Michael E. Merchant and Dale A. Mott* he southern chinch bug, Chinch bug damage can be Blissus insularis Barber, is confused with certain lawn dis- T one of the most impor- eases or other physiological dis- tant insect pests of St. Augustine- orders. For example, brown patch grass in Texas. It can be a problem is a common disease affecting the anywhere St. Augustinegrass is leaf blades of St. Augustinegrass. grown, causing most damage in Brown patch symptoms, how- the Gulf Coast region and in the ever, usually occur in a circular or southern half of the state. semi-circular pattern, as opposed Although it is a serious pest only on St. Au- to the irregular-shaped areas of dead and dying gustinegrass lawns, the southern chinch bug grass that result from chinch bug feeding. Chinch occasionally may feed on zoysiagrass, centipede- bug damage also can be difficult to distinguish grass, bahiagrass or bermudagrass. The common from that caused by drought. Detecting significant chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus leucopterus (Say), is a numbers of the insects themselves is the best proof closely-related species that is a pest of grain crops of chinch bug damage. in Texas and throughout the Midwest. This species also occasionally damages turfgrass and may be responsible for infrequent reports of chinch bugs in bermudagrass, fescue and zoysiagrass lawns. Identification Expanding, irregular patches of dead or stunted grass surrounded by a halo of yellowing, dying grass often provide the first clue to the presence of chinch bugs.
    [Show full text]
  • Transactions Royal Entomological Society
    Vol. 108. Part 6. Pp. 163-221. 13figs. 31st August, 1956. THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON World List abbreviation: Trans. R. ant. Soc. fond CONTENTS PAGE SOUTHWOOD, T. R. E., Ph.D., A.R.C.S., F.R.E.S. The structure of the eggs of the Terrestrial Heteroptera and its relationship to the classification of the group 163-221, 13 figs. LONDON: PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY AND SOLD AT ITS ROOMS, 41, QUEEN'S GATE S.W.7 Price £1 2s. 6d. THE ROYAL ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON Founded 1888. Incorporated by Royal Charter 1885. Patron: HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. OFFICERS AND COUNCIL FOR THE SESSION, 1956-1957. Dn. W. J. HALL, C.M.G., M.C. President. Mn. P. FRflMAN Dn. H. E. Hrros Vice-Presidents. Ms. W. H. Poris DR. N. E. Holwm, Treasurer. Mn. E. B. BnRrroN, Secretary. Mu. J. BALFOUR-BROWNE, Editor. Other Members of Council. Mn. R. F. BRETHERTON, C.B. M. R. W. LLOYD. MR. W. V. HARRIS. DR. K. MELLANEY, C.B.E. MR. T. G. HOWARTH. MR. H. L. G. STRoYAN. DR. H. B. N. Hynus. Mn. F. T. VAun. Miss D. J. JAoKSON. Mn.M H. B. WusLnes, Q.C. Miss E. EVANS, Registrar. Finance and House Committee. DR. K. MELLANBY, C.B.E. (Chairman). DR. J. R. BUSvINE. MR. A. T. THOMrsON. MR. W. V. HARRIS. Dn. I. H. H. YAnRow. DR. W. F. JEPSON, O.B.E. Publication and Library Committee. Mn. PAUL FREEMAN (Chairman). MR. R. F. BRETHERTON, C.B. Mn. W. H.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Seasonal Biology, Influence of Temperature on Immature Stages, and Damage to Field Corn by the Chinch Bug, Blissus Leucopterus Leucopterus (Say)
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1988 Studies on the Seasonal Biology, Influence of Temperature on Immature Stages, and Damage to Field Corn by the Chinch Bug, Blissus Leucopterus Leucopterus (Say). Jose Fermin Negron-segarra Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Negron-segarra, Jose Fermin, "Studies on the Seasonal Biology, Influence of Temperature on Immature Stages, and Damage to Field Corn by the Chinch Bug, Blissus Leucopterus Leucopterus (Say)." (1988). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4523. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4523 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Pest Management: a Report REFERENCE COP~ for LIBRAR'l USE ONLY
    This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 Urban Pest Management: A Report (1980) Pages Committee on Urban Pest Management; Environmental 304 Studies Board; Commission on Natural Resources; Size National Research Council 5 x 8 ISBN 0309031257 Find Similar Titles More Information Visit the National Academies Press online and register for... Instant access to free PDF downloads of titles from the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 10% off print titles Custom notification of new releases in your field of interest Special offers and discounts FROM THE ARCHIVES Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. To request permission to reprint or otherwise distribute portions of this publication contact our Customer Service Department at 800-624-6242. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Urban Pest Management: A Report http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 REFERENCE COP~ fOR LIBRAR'l USE ONLY lliQM1~ ..Nationa[ AcademJ Press The National Academy Press was created by the National Academy of Sciences to publish the reports issued by the Academy and by the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council, all operating under the charter granted to the National Academy of Sciences by the Congress of the United States. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Urban Pest Management: A Report http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 IJrbaa Pesl M aaagemeal A Report Prepared by the COMMITI'EE ON URBAN PEST MANAGEMENT Environmental Studies Board Commission on Natural Resources National Research Council ,.
    [Show full text]
  • Host Preference of the Chinch Bug, Blissus Occiduus Author(S): Thomas E
    Host preference of the chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Author(s): Thomas E. Eickhoff, Frederick P. Baxendale, Tiffany M. Heng-Moss Source: Journal of Insect Science, 6(7):1-6. Published By: Entomological Society of America DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/1536-2442(2006)6[1:HPOTCB]2.0.CO;2 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1673/1536-2442%282006%296%5B1%3AHPOTCB %5D2.0.CO%3B2 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org ISSN: 1536-2442 Host preference of the chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Thomas E. Eickhoff, Frederick P. Baxendale and Tiffany M. Heng-Moss Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 Abstract The chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Barber (Hemiptera: Blissidae), is an important pest of buffalograss, Buchloë dactyloides (Nutall) Engelmann and potentially other turfgrass, crop, and non-crop hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Warm-Season Turfgrasses for Resistance to The
    HORTSCIENCE 42(3):718–720. 2007. the effects of pesticide use in urban areas and the potential for the development of resis- tance to insecticides, the identification of Evaluation of Warm-season plants with resistance offers an effective and environmentally responsible alternative Turfgrasses for Resistance to the for managing this pest. Differences in the susceptibility of several cool- and warm- Chinch Bug, Blissus occiduus season turfgrasses to chinch bugs have been well documented (Ahmad et al., 1984; Baker Thomas E. Eickhoff1, Tiffany M. Heng-Moss, and et al., 1981; Gulsen et al., 2004; Heng-Moss Frederick P. Baxendale et al., 2002; Lynch et al., 1987; Mathais et al., Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 202 Plant 1990; Ratcliffe, 1982; Reinert and Dudeck, 1974). In buffalograss, Heng-Moss et al. Industry Building, Lincoln, NE 68583-0816 (2003) identified the cultivars Cody and Additional index words. bermudagrass, buffalograss, zoysiagrass, plant resistance, IPM, Tatanka as tolerant, whereas Prestige integrated pest management, plant breeding exhibited both tolerance and antixenosis to B. occiduus. Further research by Gulsen et al. Abstract. The chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Barber, has been documented as a serious pest (2004) identified the buffalograss genotypes of buffalograss, Buchloe¨ dactyloides (Nutall) Engelmann, and zoysiagrass, Zoysia ‘184’, ‘196’, and ‘PX3-5-1’ as highly resis- japonica Steudel, turf grown in the Midwest. In addition to these two warm-season tant to B. occiduus. Although researchers turfgrasses, several other warm-season grasses, including bermudagrass, Cynodon have identified resistance in bermudagrass dactylon (L.) Pers., may also be at risk of B. occiduus infestations. This research and zoysiagrass cultivars to other turfgrass evaluated selected bermudagrass and zoysiagrass cultivars for resistance to B.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecticide Susceptibility of the Adult Darkling Beetle, Alphitobius
    INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ADULT DARKLING BEETLE, ALPHITOBIUS DIAPERINUS (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE): TOPICAL TREATMENT WITH BIFENTHRIN, IMIDACLOPRID, AND SPINOSAD by WHITNEY ELIZABETH BOOZER (Under the Direction of Nancy C. Hinkle) ABSTRACT Alphitobius diaperinus is a worldwide pest of poultry. Loss of insecticide susceptibility has been observed in darkling beetle populations worldwide. Topical bioassays were performed using technical grade spinosad (90% active ingredient by weight), bifenthrin (94.88% active ingredient by weight), and imidacloprid (95% active ingredient by weight) to determine susceptibility status of beetle populations in Georgia. LD50s were determined and compared to the LD50 of a susceptible laboratory colony to ascertain resistance ratios. A discriminating dose based on the LD99.9 of the susceptible population (Denmark) was also estimated. Varying levels of resistance to bifenthrin and imidacloprid were observed, with highest resistance occurring to imidacloprid (>3000-fold). Populations treated with spinosad showed only slight tolerance. Data indicate that resistance to bifenthrin is occurring in populations with prior pyrethroid exposure, and that efficacy of imidacloprid may be severely limited due to significant resistance occurring in beetle populations. INDEX WORDS: Alphitobius diaperinus, darkling beetle, insecticide resistance, bifenthrin, spinosad, imidacloprid, broiler house, topical application INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ADULT DARKLING BEETLE, ALPHITOBIUS DIAPERINUS (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE):
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of the Heteroptera of Illinois
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 22 Number 4 - Winter 1989 Number 4 - Winter Article 1 1989 December 1989 An Overview of the Heteroptera of Illinois J. E. McPherson Southern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation McPherson, J. E. 1989. "An Overview of the Heteroptera of Illinois," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 22 (4) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol22/iss4/1 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. McPherson: An Overview of the Heteroptera of Illinois 1989 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 177 AN OVERVIEW OF THE HETEROPTERA OF ILLINOIS l J. E. McPherson ,2 ABSTRACT A key to adults of all heteropteran families known to occur in Illinois is presented together with general information on the biologies of these families. Also included are general references on Heteroptera and on individual families, particularly if those references involve studies of fauna that were conducted in Illinois, adjacent states, or nearby parts of Canada. The Heteroptera (true bugs) is a large insect order that occurs worldwide and is represented in America north of Mexico by about 45 families. Of these, 36 are known to occur in Illinois. The order is a well defined group characterized by (1) a segmented beak that arises from the front of the head and (2) wings that, when present and well developed, lie flat on the abdomen with the first pair usually leathery basally and membranous distally.
    [Show full text]