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Urban Pest Management: a Report REFERENCE COP~ for LIBRAR'l USE ONLY This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 Urban Pest Management: A Report (1980) Pages Committee on Urban Pest Management; Environmental 304 Studies Board; Commission on Natural Resources; Size National Research Council 5 x 8 ISBN 0309031257 Find Similar Titles More Information Visit the National Academies Press online and register for... Instant access to free PDF downloads of titles from the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 10% off print titles Custom notification of new releases in your field of interest Special offers and discounts FROM THE ARCHIVES Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. To request permission to reprint or otherwise distribute portions of this publication contact our Customer Service Department at 800-624-6242. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Urban Pest Management: A Report http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 REFERENCE COP~ fOR LIBRAR'l USE ONLY lliQM1~ ..Nationa[ AcademJ Press The National Academy Press was created by the National Academy of Sciences to publish the reports issued by the Academy and by the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council, all operating under the charter granted to the National Academy of Sciences by the Congress of the United States. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Urban Pest Management: A Report http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 IJrbaa Pesl M aaagemeal A Report Prepared by the COMMITI'EE ON URBAN PEST MANAGEMENT Environmental Studies Board Commission on Natural Resources National Research Council ,.. .... ~ "" ~ - NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 1 ill... rt'fr\..:. Washington, D.C. 1980 MAY 0 6 1981 LIBRARY Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Urban Pest Management: A Report <;D-Q/http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 L/0 C. J NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the Councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the Committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to asaociate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council operates in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy under the authority of its congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences. This study was supported by the Oflice of Research and Development, U.S. Environmen­ tal Protection Agency, Contract No. 68-01-2430. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 80-83966 International Standard Book Number 0-309-03125-7 Awn/able from NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20418 Printed in the United States of America Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Urban Pest Management: A Report http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 COMMITIEE ON URBAN PEST MANAGEMENT FRANK P. GRAD (Chairman), Columbia University School of Law RAFI AL-llAFIDH, New York City Department of Health JOHN E. DAVIES, University of Miami GoRDON W. FRANKIE, University of California, Berkeley THEODORE A. GRANOVSICY, Texas A&M University LAWRENCE E. HINICLE, JR., New York Hospital-Cornell Medical College WILLIAM B. JACICSON, Bowling Green State University HANNA LEVENSON, Veterans Administration Hospital, San Francisco ROBERT L. METCALF, University of Illinois, Champaign PHILIP J. SPEAR, National Pest Control Association, Vienna, Virginia ROSMARIE VON RUMICER, RvR Consultants, Shawnee Mission, Kansas BAILUS wALICER, JR., Department of Environmental Services, Washing- ton, D.C.; as of September 7, 1979, U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration W.R. ZACH WILLEY, Environmental Defense Fund BETTE WOODY' University of Maryland LAWRENCE c. WALLACE, Staff Officer ELIZABETH G. p ANOS, Administrative Assistant iii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Urban Pest Management: A Report http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES BOARD DAVID PIMENTEL (Chairman), Cornell University DANIEL A. OK.UN (Vice-Chairman), University of North Carolina ALVIN ALM, Harvard University RALPH D' ARGE, University of Wyoming ALFRED M. BEETON, University of Michigan JOHN CAIRNES, JR., Virginia Polytechnic Institute JAMES A. FAY, Massachusetts Institute of Technology CHARLES H. KRUGER, JR., Stanford University KAIN. LEE, University of Washington JOSEPH T. LING, 3 M Company JAMES J. MORGAN, California Institute of Technology ALBERT J. ROSENTHAL, Columbia University School of Law CARL M. SHY, University of North Carolina RAPHAEL G. KAsPER, Executive Secretary iv Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Urban Pest Management: A Report http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 COMMISSION ON NATURAL RESOURCES ROBEllT M. WHITE (Chairman), University Corporation for Atmospheric Research TIMOTHY A TICESON, Steptoe and Johnson STANLEY I. AUERBACH, Oak Ridge National Laboratories NORMAN A. CoPELAND, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. (retired) GEORGE K. DAVIS, University of Florida EDWARD D. GoLDBERG, Scripps Institution of Oceanography CHARLES J. MANKIN, Oklahoma Geological Survey CHESTER 0. McCoRKLE, University of California NORTON NELSON, New York University Medical Center DANIEL A. OKUN, University of North Carolina DAVID PIMENTEL, Cornell University JOHN E. TILTON, Pennsylvania State University AL VIN M. WEINBERG, Oak Ridge Associated Universities E. BRIGHT WILSON, ex officio, Harvard University WALLACE D. BoWMAN, Executive Director Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Urban Pest Management: A Report http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Urban Pest Management: A Report http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 Conlea ls FOREWORD, XV PREFACE, XVII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, 1 INTRODUCTION, 13 Purpose of the Study, 13 Perspectives on Urban Pest Management, 17 Definition of Urban, 19 Characterization of Urban Pest Management and Some of Its Implications, 21 Contrasts Between Agricultural and Urban Pest Management, 23 Education and Urban Pest Management, 24 Critical Topics in Urban Pest Management, 25 Hazards of Pests in the Urban Environment, 25 Health Concerns Arising from Urban Pesticide Use, 27 Urban Pests and Environmental Policy, 28 Social and Psychological Concerns of Urban Pest Management, 35 Introduction to Pest Surveys, 36 vii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Urban Pest Management: A Report http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 viii Contents Scope of Study, 36 Methods of Managing Urban Pests, 36 Notes, 38 References, 39 2 MAJOR URBAN PF.srs, 43 The Impact of Pests on the Human Population, 43 Pest-borne Epidemic Disease, 49 Deaths, Diseases, and Injuries Caused by Pests, 52 Painful and Annoying Assaults, 66 Effects of Urban Habitat on Exposure, 67 Common Pests in Suburban Areas and on the Fringes of Urban Areas, 67 Pests That Frequent Both Rural and Urban Areas, 68 Pests Most Commonly Found In and Around Human Dwellings, 68 Effects of Pests on the Poor, 70 Pest Resistance and Resurgence of Pest- and Vector-bome Diseases, 71 Survey of Pests, 73 Extension Service Survey, 73 Comparison of Lists from California, 73 Evaluation of Principal Pests in Dallas, Texas, 75 Evaluation of Pests by Pest Control Operators, 75 Urban Pests and Pesticide Use: Attitudes and Behavior, 86 Literature Review, 87 Attitudes and Behavior Involving Integrated Pest Management, 95 Research Priorities, 96 References, 98 3 MANAGEMENT OF URBAN PESTS, 104 Chemical Management Methods, 104 Survey of Chemical Controls, 104 Health Concerns with Chemical Management of Urban Pests, 125 Environmental Effects, 142 Alternative Management Methods, 143 Biological Control, 148 Host-Plant Resistance, 154 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Urban Pest Management: A Report http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19809 Contents ix Insect Growth Regulators, 157 Genetic Manipulation, 158 Habitat Modification, 160 Cultural, Mechanical, and Physical Control of
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