DOCSLIB.ORG

Southern Sudan Gum Acacia – Sub-Sector Situational Analysis Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Southern Sudan Gum Acacia – Sub-Sector Situational Analysis Study SOUTHERN SUDAN GUM ACACIA – SUB-SECTOR SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS STUDY By Muga, M.O. Gachathi, F.N. and Chikamai, B.N Report On Short Term Consultancy For SNV Netherlands Development Organization July 2009 i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... iv List of Plates ......................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ACRONYMS (To be updated) .........................................................................vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... ix 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background to the study ....................................................................................... 2 1.2 Scope of the work (Terms of reference) ............................................................ 3 1.2.1 Timeframe of the Study ................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Team Composition........................................................................................... 4 1.2.3 Locations Visited .............................................................................................. 4 1.2.4 Data collection and analysis process ......................................................... 4 2.0 Limitations of the study .......................................................................................... 5 3.1 Background information on the selected states ............................................. 6 3.2 Gum acacia resources in Southern Sudan ..................................................... 11 3.2.1 Gum acacia resources in Southern Sudan .............................................. 11 3.2.2 Distribution and stocking densities of Gum acacia resources in Upper Nile, Northern Bahr El Ghazal and Eastern Equatoria States .......................... 12 3.2.3 Potential for gum production in Southern Sudan ................................... 15 3.3 Current gum production in Southern Sudan ................................................... 18 3.4 Post harvest handling of gum............................................................................. 23 3.5 Use of gum as food security and livelihood support ..................................... 24 3.6 Marketing of gum acacia ................................................................................... 27 3.7 Opportunities available to enhance exploitation and use of gum acacia40 3.7.1 Market potential ............................................................................................. 40 3.7.2 Formation of partnerships with key local and international organizations working in Southern Sudan .......................................................... 40 3.7.3 Microfinance linkages ................................................................................... 42 3.7.4 Linkages with and through NGARA ........................................................... 43 3.7.5 Participatory mapping & monitoring of gum acacia resources ......... 43 3.8 Overview of Relevant Policies ............................................................................ 44 3.9 Investment opportunities in the gum sector ................................................... 52 3.10 Potential development areas in gum sub-sector ........................................ 53 4.0 OTHER NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS RESOURCES IN SOUTHERN SUDAN.. 56 5.0 TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES OF GUM AND NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS (NTFPS) .................... 65 6.0 KEY CHALLENGES AND GAPS ............................................................................. 67 7.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................... 72 7.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 72 7.2 Key Recommendations ....................................................................................... 74 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................. 77 APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................... 79 Appendix I: Itinerary for Consultant Team ............................................................. 79 Appendix II: List of People Met during the Study ................................................. 80 ii Appendix III: Tools used in the study ........................................................................ 83 Data Sheet 2: Questionnaire for collection of information from the producers/ collectors on status of production, harvesting, quality control and marketing of Gum acacia ................................................................................ 84 iii List of Tables Table 1-1: The counties and payams visited during the study ................................ 4 Table 1- 2: Density classification .................................................................................... 5 Table 1-3: Community priorities in Northern Bahr El Ghazal ................................... 8 Table 3-1: Eastern Equatoria Profile ............................................................................. 10 Table 3-2: Ethno-Linguistic Groups of EES................................................................... 10 Table 3-3: Main areas in Upper Nile State (UNS), North Barhl El Gazhal State (NBEGS) and Eastern Equatoria State (EES where Gum acacia resources are found .................................................................................................................................. 19 Table 3-4: Tapping and collection seasons of gum in three states in Southern Sudan ................................................................................................................................. 21 Table 3-5: Tools used for tapping of A. senegal and collecting gum from A. seyal ................................................................................................................................... 21 Table 3-6: Export of Raw Gum acacia (in tonnes) - 1992-2006 ............................ 30 Table 3-7: Unit export values in key African countries of Gum acacia, all grades combined, from 2003 to 2007 (US $) ............................................................. 36 Table 3-8: Gross Margins................................................................................................ 38 Table 3-9: Key potential Partners in Gum acacia sub-sector ............................... 41 Table 3-10: Key microfinance companies in Southern Sudan ............................. 43 Table 3-11: Capacity of local communities in regard to enhancing exploitation of Gum acacia ......................................................................................... 54 List of Figures Figure 3-1: Stocking density of A. senegal var. senegal in UNS and EES ............. 14 Figure 3-2: A. seyal var. seyal stocking density in UNS, EES and NBEGS ............. 15 Figure 3-3: Probability map showing gum resources in Southern Sudan ............ 16 Figure 3-4: Gum production in 2006/7 and 2007/8 .................................................. 23 Figure 3-5a: UNS ............................................................................................................... 25 Figure 3-5b: NBEGS .......................................................................................................... 26 Figure 3-5c: EES ................................................................................................................ 26 Figure 3-6: Consumption of gum acacia by European commission (2003 - 2007), (ITC 2008) ............................................................................................................... 28 Figure 3-7. Export of raw Gum acacia from Africa (1992-2006, ITC 2008). ......... 28 Figure 3-8: Export of gum acacia by country (1992-2006), (ITC, 2008) ................ 29 Figure 3-9. Traders buying gum from Renk county ................................................. 33 Figure 3-10. Marketing Chanels for Gum acacia from UNS ................................... 33 Figure 3-11. Marketing channels for Gum acacia from NBEGS ........................... 34 Figure 3-12. Marketing channel for Gum acacia from EES .................................... 35 Figure 3-13. Changes in export rates in major African countries, all grades combined 2003-2007 (ITC, 2008) .................................................................................. 36 iv List of Plates Plate 3-1: A. senegal var. senegal stand at Jelahak, Renk County..................... 12 Plate 3-2. A.seyal var. seyal stand at Malualkon, Aweil East ............................... 12 Plate 3-3: Tapping of A . senegal trees in UNS .......................................................... 22 Plate 3-4. Gum acacia storage
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Criminalization of South Sudan's Gold Sector
    The Criminalization of South Sudan’s Gold Sector Kleptocratic Networks and the Gold Trade in Kapoeta By the Enough Project April 2020* A Precious Resource in an Arid Land Within the area historically known as the state of Eastern Equatoria, Kapoeta is a semi-arid rangeland of clay soil dotted with short, thorny shrubs and other vegetation.1 Precious resources lie below this desolate landscape. Eastern Equatoria, along with the region historically known as Central Equatoria, contains some of the most important and best-known sites for artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASM). Some estimates put the number of miners at 60,000 working at 80 different locations in the area, including Nanaknak, Lauro (Didinga Hills), Napotpot, and Namurnyang. Locals primarily use traditional mining techniques, panning for gold from seasonal streams in various villages. The work provides miners’ families resources to support their basic needs.2 Kapoeta’s increasingly coveted gold resources are being smuggled across the border into Kenya with the active complicity of local and national governments. This smuggling network, which involves international mining interests, has contributed to increased militarization.3 Armed actors and corrupt networks are fueling low-intensity conflicts over land, particularly over the ownership of mining sites, and causing the militarization of gold mining in the area. Poor oversight and conflicts over the control of resources between the Kapoeta government and the national government in Juba enrich opportunistic actors both inside and outside South Sudan. Inefficient regulation and poor gold outflows have helped make ASM an ideal target for capture by those who seek to finance armed groups, perpetrate violence, exploit mining communities, and exacerbate divisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining in South Sudan: Opportunities and Risks for Local Communities
    » REPORT JANUARY 2016 MINING IN SOUTH SUDAN: OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS FOR LOCAL COMMUNITIES BASELINE ASSESSMENT OF SMALL-SCALE AND ARTISANAL GOLD MINING IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EQUATORIA STATES, SOUTH SUDAN MINING IN SOUTH SUDAN FOREWORD We are delighted to present you the findings of an assessment conducted between February and May 2015 in two states of South Sudan. With this report, based on dozens of interviews, focus group discussions and community meetings, a multi-disciplinary team of civil society and government representatives from South Sudan are for the first time shedding light on the country’s artisanal and small-scale mining sector. The picture that emerges is a remarkable one: artisanal gold mining in South Sudan ‘employs’ more than 60,000 people and might indirectly benefit almost half a million people. The vast majority of those involved in artisanal mining are poor rural families for whom alluvial gold mining provides critical income to supplement their subsistence livelihood of farming and cattle rearing. Ostensibly to boost income for the cash-strapped government, artisanal mining was formalized under the Mining Act and subsequent Mineral Regulations. However, owing to inadequate information-sharing and a lack of government mining sector staff at local level, artisanal miners and local communities are not aware of these rules. In reality there is almost no official monitoring of artisanal or even small-scale mining activities. Despite the significant positive impact on rural families’ income, the current form of artisanal mining does have negative impacts on health, the environment and social practices. With most artisanal, small-scale and exploration mining taking place in rural areas with abundant small arms and limited presence of government security forces, disputes over land access and ownership exacerbate existing conflicts.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Sudanese Civil War This Page Intentionally Left Blank Pal-Poggo-000Fm 10/23/08 11:49 AM Page Iii
    pal-poggo-000fm 10/23/08 11:49 AM Page i The First Sudanese Civil War This page intentionally left blank pal-poggo-000fm 10/23/08 11:49 AM Page iii The First Sudanese Civil War Africans, Arabs, and Israelis in the Southern Sudan, 1955–1972 Scopas S. Poggo pal-poggo-000fm 10/23/08 11:49 AM Page iv the first sudanese civil war Copyright © Scopas S. Poggo, 2009. All rights reserved. First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the Unites States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN-13: 978-0-230-60796-5 ISBN-10: 0-230-60796-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Scribe Inc. First edition: February 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America. Chapter 5 is a revision of “General Ibrahim Abboud’s Military Administration in the Sudan, 1958–1964: Implementation of the Programs of Islamization and Arabization in the Southern Sudan,” Northeast African Studies Journal, 9, no.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Resettlement Action Plan Report
    Public Disclosure Authorized Upgrading of the NADAPAL-JUBA ROAD Public Disclosure Authorized from Gravel to Paved (Bitumen) Standards FINAL RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized Issued on: November 6th, 2013 EMPLOYER: Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges, Government of Republic of South Sudan CONSULTANT: Public Disclosure Authorized SMEC INTERNATIONAL PTY LIMITED, AUSTRALIA REVISED BY: Ing. MRS. RITA OHENE SARFOH i | P a g e Table of Contents List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ vi Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................. vii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The Statements of Objectives........................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Brief Description
    [Show full text]
  • Operational Deployment Plan Template
    Country: Republic of South Sudan Index Facility Address States County Facility Name Type of HF Closest Town / City number (Payam) 1 Central Equatoria State Terekeka Nyori Moridi PHCU PHCU Moridi 2 Central Equatoria State Terekeka Reggo Makamagor PHCU PHCU Makamagor 3 Central Equatoria State Terekeka Tali Payam Mijiki PHCU PHCU Mijiki 4 Central Equatoria State Terekeka Nyori Kuda PHCU PHCU Kuda 5 Central Equatoria State Terekeka Rijiong Jonko PHCU PHCU Jonkok 6 Central Equatoria State Terekeka Terekeka Terekeka PHCC PHCC Terekeka 7 Central Equatoria State Juba Rokon Miriko PHCU PHCU Rokon 8 Central Equatoria State Juba Ganji Ganji PHCC PHCC Ganji 9 Central Equatoria State Yei Tore Tore PHCC PHCC Yei 10 Central Equatoria State Yei Tore Goli PHCU PHCU Yei 11 Central Equatoria State Yei Yei Pakula PHCU PHCU Yei 12 Central Equatoria State Yei Mugwo Jombu PHCU PHCU Yei 13 Central Equatoria State Yei Tore Bandame PHCU PHCU Yei 14 Central Equatoria State Yei Otogo Kejiko PHCU PHCU Yei 15 Central Equatoria State Yei Lasu Kirikwa PHCU PHCU Yei 16 Central Equatoria State Yei Otogo Rubeke PHCU PHCU Yei 17 Central Equatoria State Yei Yei BAKITA PHCC PHCC YEI 18 Central Equatoria State Yei Yei Marther PHCC PHCC YEI 19 Central Equatoria State Yei Yei EPC CLINIC - PHCU PHCU YEI 20 Central Equatoria State Yei Yei YEI HOSPITAL HOSPITAL YEI 21 Central Equatoria State Yei CHD Yei County Cold Chain County Cold Chain YEI 22 Central Equatoria State Yei CHD Yei County Cold Chain County Cold Chain YEI 23 Central Equatoria State Yei CHD Yei County Cold Chain County
    [Show full text]
  • Livelihoods Zone Map and Descriptions for South Sudan
    LIVELIHOODS ZONE MAP AND DESCRIPTIONS FOR THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN (UPDATED) A REPORT OF THE FAMINE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS NETWORK (FEWS NET) August 2018 SOUTH SUDAN Livelihood Zone Map and Descriptions August 2018 Acknowledgements and Disclaimer This exercise was undertaken by FEWS NET and partners including the Government of South Sudan (GoSS), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the National Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (NMAFS), and UN agencies including World Food Programme (WFP) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Special thanks are extended to the core national facilitator’s team, especially John Pangech, Director General Planning, NMAFS; Abraham Arop Ayuel, Planning Officer, NMAFS; Philip Dau, Director Monitoring and Evaluation, NBS; Joice Jore, Coordinator, Food Security Technical Secretariat/NBS; John Vuga, Programme Officer, WFP/VAM; Evans Solomon Kenyi, Food Security Officer, FAO; and Mark Nyeko Acire, Food Security Officer, FAO. In addition, thanks to all state representatives who contributed inputs into the updated livelihoods zone descriptions. The Livelihood Zoning workshop and this report were led by Gavriel Langford and Daison Ngirazi, consultants to FEWS NET, with technical support from Antazio Drabe, National Technical Manager and James Guma, Assistant National Technical Manager of FEWS NET South Sudan. This report will form part of the knowledge base for FEWS NET’s food security monitoring activities in South Sudan. The publication was prepared under the United States Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Indefinite Quantity Contract, AID-OAA-I-12-00006, Task Order 1 (AIDOAA-TO-12-00003), TO4 (AID-OAA- TO-16-00015). The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative Citizenship the Nuer Between Ethiopia and the Sudan ABORNE Workshop on Sudan’S Borders, April 2011 Dereje Feyissa
    Alternative citizenship The Nuer between Ethiopia and the Sudan ABORNE Workshop on Sudan’s Borders, April 2011 Dereje Feyissa Abstract A lot has been written about state borders as constraints to local populations who are often ‘artificially’ split into two and at times more national states (Asiwaju 1985; Kolossov 2005). The Nuer, like many other pastoral communities arbitrarily divided by a state border, have experienced the Ethio-Sudanese border as a constraint, in as much as they were cut off from wet season villages in the Sudan and dry season camps in Ethiopia. As recent literature on the border has shown, however, state borders function not only as constraints but also as opportunities (Nugent 2002), and even as ‘resources’ (Dereje and Hohene 2010). The paper examines how the Nuer have positively signified state border by tapping into - taking advantage of their cross-border settlements -fluctuating opportunity structures within the Ethiopian and Sudanese states through alternative citizenship. Nuer strategic action is reinforced by a flexible identity system within which border-crossing is a norm. Sudan's Southeastern frontier: The Toposa and their Neighbours (abstract) The Topòsa and some of their neighbours have long been among the groups in particular remoteness from the political and economic metabolism of the state system. Until recently, the borders of the Sudan with three other nations, Uganda, Kenya and Ethiopia, that touch on their area could be considered mere notions and lines on maps of another world. This situation has substantially changed since the 2nd Sudanese Civil War – and with it the meaning of terms like “their area”.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Sudan at Odds with Itself
    Allen et al. Schomerus ‘I found the report fascinating and also disturbing in equal measure. …While state building efforts are rightly focused on building up structures from the ground they fail to address the primary need to ensure that such institutions are properly reformed to become independent and impartial institutions…To address these pressing issues and to maximise the positive momentum generated SOUTHERN ODD SUDAN AT from the elections and the international focus on Southern Sudan at this time, these issues needs to be discussed publicly with all key states, governments and civil society stakeholders who hold the future of Southern Sudan in their hands. I would urge action sooner rather than later.’ Akbar Khan, Director, Legal & Constitutional Affairs Division, Commonwealth Secretariat ‘The great strength of the report is the accuracy of its voicing of common concerns – it forms an excellent representation of people’s perceptions and experiences, making an important corollary to the current focus on high-level political negotiations and structures. As the report emphasises at the outset, the current focus of Sudanese governments and their international advisors on the technicalities and procedural aspects of planning for the referendum and its outcome needs to be countered by the more holistic approach advocated by this report.’ Cherry Leonardi, Durham University ‘A very important and timely contribution to the current debates…The report offers an invaluable S insight in some of the key issues and dilemma’s Southern Sudan and
    [Show full text]
  • Youth-Led Participatory Action Research in Budi County, Eastern Equatoria State
    ttg Final Report Youth -Led Participatory Action Research Budi County, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan August 2015 Nadia Lehmann Budi Youth Action Research Team Youth-Led Research | Final Report 2 Copyright and disclaimer Copyright: United Nations Children‟s Fund UNICEF South Sudan, 2015 This is the fourth in a series of “Youth LEAD Knowledge Development”- the Youth LEAD initiative‟s knowledge development series. The “Youth LEAD Knowledge Development” series acknowledges the contributions made by young people in shaping their own development and showcases emerging perspectives and lessons learnt in youth programming through the Youth LEAD initiative. The opinions expressed in this documentation do not necessarily reflect the policies or views of UNICEF, nor collaborating partners. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein originate from engagement with young people, stakeholders and partners involved in the Youth LEAD initiative. Any part of this documentation may be freely reproduced with the appropriate acknowledgement. Credits: Technical direction and coordination Jairus Ligoo; Youth & Adolescent Development Specialist Technical implementation and guidance at Search for Common Ground Kenneth Ganna-Conteh; Interim Country Director South Sudan Adrienne Lemon; Regional Design, Monitoring & Evaluation Coordinator Adalei Broers; Design, Monitoring & Evaluation Coordinator South Sudan Amzah Juma; Design, Monitoring & Evaluation Officer South Sudan Nadia Lehmann; External Consultant This report is has been compiled and produced with financial support from the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development- Canada For further information contact: UNICEF South Sudan Toto Chan Compound, P. O. Box 45, Juba, South Sudan www.unicef.org/southsudan www.facebook.com/unicefsouthsudan Youth-Led Research | Final Report 3 Acknowledgement This report was made possible by the many young people and other stakeholders who participated and supported the Youth-Led Participatory Action Research in Budi County, Eastern Equatoria State.
    [Show full text]
  • Making a Life and a Living in the Sudan-Kenyan Border Area: the Rise of a Thriving Cross-Border Trade Network
    16 Making a life and a living in the Sudan-Kenyan border area: the rise of a thriving cross-border trade network. Anne Walraet Abstract: This paper documents the making of a life and a living in situations of protracted conflict, displacement and mobility, while simultaneously shedding light on state making and the exercise of power from a borderland perspective. It more in particular zooms in on the Sudan-Kenyan border area where throughout the war until today IDPs, refugees, migrants and military meet. The paper in particular explores the nature, role and effectiveness of the social networks of these non-indigenous residents in building a livelihood within urban perimeters and investigates the reasons behind the differential success of one particular cross-border business network. The paper draws on information and insights accumulated during down-to-earth and multi-sited fieldwork between 2006 and 2011. Please do not distribute or quote … this is just an unfinished first draft. Introduction This paper follows a renewed attention for borders and border zones as key sites of displacement, struggle and transformation.1 It more in particular zooms in on the Sudan-Kenyan borderland that for many years has been at once a frontline in the war between the GoS and the SPLA and a location providing islands of security: safe havens for military and refugee camps for civilians. It sheds light on displacement economies in general and from a actor specific perspective, while equally directing attention to emerging patterns of power and accumulation. Its specific entry point is that of the livelihoods of the new residents of Kapoeta and Narus, two towns in Eastern Equatoria state nearby the Kenyan border.
    [Show full text]
  • Greater Kapoeta Cattle Migration and Cholera Transmission Brief Greater Kapoeta, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan, March 2018
    Greater Kapoeta Cattle Migration and Cholera Transmission Brief Greater Kapoeta, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan, March 2018 Introduction Key Findings In April 2017, cases of cholera surfaced in Kapoeta North County, and rapidly spread to the rest of the Greater Kapoeta area (Kapoeta • The 2017 cholera outbreak affected the Greater Kapoeta area South, East and North Counties).1 The spread of cholera across at the very end of the dry season when pastoralists were leaving the area occured in the late dry season (November-May), a time swampy areas toward settlements all across the territory, where the area’s pastoralist communities are getting ready to leave creating the conditions for a rapid spread of cholera. Toward seasonal grazing lands toward their home settlements. A lack of the late dry season, pastoralists tend to be highly concentrated information on cattle migration patterns impeded access of livesaving around scarce water sources in camps where open defecation assistance to many cattle camps and pastoralist communities. To is widespread and WASH infrastructure is not available.3 inform future humanitarian response to crisis affected populations • Humanitarian access to cholera-affected pastoralist in the Greater Kapoeta area, REACH conducted an assessment communities of the Greater Kapoeta area was impeded by of cattle migration patterns and dynamics. REACH looked at poor road infrastructure compounded by the rainy season whether or not these influenced the spread of the disease and the onset, insecurity, mistrust as well as lack of information effectiveness of the response during the cholera outbreak in the regarding cattle migration routes and areas of large seasonal Greater Kapoeta area in 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Security in the Borderlands of Sudan, Uganda and Kenya
    HUMAN SECURITY IN THE BORDERLANDS OF SUDAN, UGANDA AND KENYA Key advocacy issues from the perspective of a grassroots peace building programme for youth warriors WWW.IKVPAXCHRISTI.NL/UK / WWW.SOPA.OR.KE IKV Pax Christi works for peace, reconciliation and justice in the world. We join with people in conflict areas to work on a peaceful and democratic society. We enlist the aid of people in the Netherlands who, like IKV Pax Christi, want to work for political solutions to crises and armed conflicts. IKV Pax Christi combines knowledge, energy and people to attain one single objective: there must be peace! Seeds of Peace Africa (SOPA) International is a peace building and conflict transformation organisation working for the empowerment of children, young people and women through non-violent means, conflict transformation and peace education for them to participate in building positive peace, sustainable development and respect for human dignity in realizing a just and friendly world. July 2011 Office address: Office address: Godebaldkwartier 74 4th Floor, North Star Bld 3511 DZ UTRECHT Lenana Road, The Netherlands Nairobi, Kenya Postal address: Postal address PO Box 19318 PO Box 53958 3501 DH UTRECHT 00200 City Square, Nairobi The Netherlands Kenya Telephone: +31 (0)30 233 33 46 Tel: +254-(0)-3864161 Fax: +31 (0)30 236 81 99 Fax: +254-(0)-3864162 Website: www.ikvpaxchristi.nl/UK www.sopa.or.ke E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] This analysis has been prepared by the Cross-border Peace & Sports Programme for Youth Warriors coordinated by Seeds of Peace Africa (SOPA) International and IKV Pax Christi.
    [Show full text]