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Historia De La Teología

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Historia De La Teología HISTORIA DE LA TEOLOGÍA (Apuntes, 2013) Víctor J. Cano ÍNDICE ÍNDICE ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 I. Desde el período patrístico hasta los inicios de la época moderna ............................................................ 5 1. El legado patrístico ................................................................................................................................. 5 a) Recepción de San Agustín en el medievo teológico .......................................................................... 5 b) Influjo de Dionisio Pseudo-Areopagita ............................................................................................... 7 2. Las controversias teológicas del período carolingio ............................................................................... 9 a) El adopcionismo hispano ................................................................................................................. 10 b) Polémicas iconoclastas en Occidente .............................................................................................. 11 c) El Filioque ......................................................................................................................................... 11 d) La predestinación ............................................................................................................................. 12 e) Controversias eucarísticas ............................................................................................................... 12 3. Teólogos y corrientes teológicas en el siglo XII ................................................................................... 15 a) San Anselmo de Canterbury ............................................................................................................ 16 b) La escuela de Laon .......................................................................................................................... 17 c) Pedro Abelardo ................................................................................................................................. 19 d) San Bernardo de Claraval ................................................................................................................ 20 e) Gilberto de Poitiers y su escuela ...................................................................................................... 21 f) La escuela de San Víctor .................................................................................................................. 22 g) La “Suma de las Sentencias”. Pedro Lombardo y su influjo ............................................................ 23 4. La primera generación universitaria parisina ........................................................................................ 25 a) Alejandro de Hales. La Summa Halensis ......................................................................................... 27 b) San Alberto Magno ........................................................................................................................... 28 c) San Buenaventura ............................................................................................................................ 29 5. Santo Tomás de Aquino ....................................................................................................................... 31 a) Vida y obras ...................................................................................................................................... 31 b) Condición científica de la teología .................................................................................................... 32 c) Finalidad y estructura de la Summa Theologiae y de la Summa contra gentiles ............................. 33 d) Grandes tesis teológicas .................................................................................................................. 34 e) Pronunciamientos pontificios y conciliares sobre la teología aquiniana ........................................... 36 6. Teología franciscana del siglo XIV ....................................................................................................... 39 a) El Beato Juan Duns Escoto .............................................................................................................. 40 b) Guillermo de Ockham ...................................................................................................................... 42 7. Teología pretridentina ........................................................................................................................... 45 a) El nominalismo ................................................................................................................................. 45 b) La mística especulativa renano-flamenca ........................................................................................ 46 c) Teorías conciliaristas. Juan Gerson, Nicolás de Cusa y Gabriel Biel............................................... 48 8. La crisis protestante ............................................................................................................................. 51 a) Principales tesis teológicas de Martín Lutero ................................................................................... 51 b) El luteranismo, Melanchton y la Confessio Augustana .................................................................... 52 2 Historia de la Teología c) Ulrico Zwinglio .................................................................................................................................. 53 d) Juan Calvino y el calvinismo ............................................................................................................ 53 e) El Anglicanismo ............................................................................................................................... 54 9. La Reforma católica ............................................................................................................................. 57 a) El Cardenal Cayetano y el renacimiento tomista ............................................................................. 57 b) La Escuela de Salamanca ............................................................................................................... 59 c) Temas teológicos debatidos en el Concilio de Trento ..................................................................... 61 10. La teología postridentina en el siglo XVI ............................................................................................ 65 a) Miguel de Bayo ................................................................................................................................ 65 b) La controversia de auxiliis ............................................................................................................... 65 c) Francisco Suárez ............................................................................................................................. 66 d) La casuística jesuita. Juan de Azor y la nueva teología moral ........................................................ 67 II. La teología moderna y contemporánea ................................................................................................... 69 11. Las controversias sobre la gracia y sobre la vida cristiana ............................................................... 69 a) Cornelio Jansenio y la polémica jansenista ..................................................................................... 69 b) El quietismo de Miguel de Molinos .................................................................................................. 70 c) La polémica sobre el amor puro ...................................................................................................... 71 d) El galicanismo.................................................................................................................................. 72 e) Las controversias sobre los sistemas morales. San Alfonso María de Ligorio ............................... 72 f) Pistoya y el tardojansenismo ............................................................................................................ 73 12. La ilustración y sus implicaciones ...................................................................................................... 75 a) El deísmo inglés .............................................................................................................................. 75 b) La actitud ilustrada respecto a la religión. ....................................................................................... 76 c) Los primeros pasos de la crítica bíblica........................................................................................... 76 13. La escuela católica de Tubinga ......................................................................................................... 79 a) Johann Sebastian Drey ................................................................................................................... 79 b) Johann Adam Möhler ...................................................................................................................... 80 14. La escuela romana ............................................................................................................................ 81 a) Giovanni Perrone,
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