DOCSLIB.ORG

Actually Or Potentially Within Reach: the Place of China in New Zealand’S Grand Strategy 1965-1972

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Actually Or Potentially Within Reach: the Place of China in New Zealand’S Grand Strategy 1965-1972 Actually or Potentially Within Reach: The Place of China in New Zealand’s Grand Strategy 1965-1972 By David Belgrave A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2016 ABSTRACT In 1965 New Zealand was an active member of alliances designed to contain the People’s Republic of China in South East Asia. Late the previous year, the Defence Council had warned Cabinet that New Zealand could be at war with China and/or Indonesia in six months. Less than seven years later New Zealand recognised China, as Britain and the US military presences were exiting from South East Asia. These events bookend a radical reshaping of New Zealand’s defence policies and its attitude towards China. The existing scholarship on New Zealand’s Cold War defence policies has underemphasised the role of China in New Zealand’s grand strategy and the scholarship on Sino-New Zealand relations has also largely ignored defence policy. This thesis uses recently released files from the Ministry of Defence to provide new insight into the construction of China as a threat during the mid-1960s and the challenges faced in meeting that perceived threat. New Zealand’s Forward Defence policy was one designed to contain China and Beijing-supported revolutionary groups in South East Asia. This strategy was predicated on active British or American support for containment. SEATO and ANZAM provided the basis of New Zealand war planning and day-to-day operations in Asia respectively. With the British decision to withdraw from South East Asia and the American quagmire in Vietnam, New Zealand had to reassess its position in South East Asia as containment of China was no longer thought possible. The need for a containment strategy was based upon a conceptualisation of China as a growing and hostile power. This view saw China as eventually developing the means to dominate South East Asia and threaten Australasia directly as Japan had done in 1942. This perception of China changed with the emergence of the Cultural Revolution. New Zealand officials watched from Hong Kong as violence and mass political disorder challenged established sources of authority. They took the view that Mao was in direct command of the revolution and was placing limits on it. The revolution destroyed the notion that China was a growing power bent on external expansion. As Mao moved to dampen the revolution, Beijing moved to re-establish its foreign policy and improve its links with the outside world. Both the means and ends of New Zealand’s grand strategy changed at the same time. New Zealand and its great power allies abandoned the containment project just as views on China shifted. From the end of the 1960s, New Zealand’s Forward Defence efforts ceased to be focused on the containment of China and moved to achieving much more limited goals. New security arrangements were developed to replace the AMDA, ANZAM, and SEATO pacts. The Five Power Defence Arrangements would provide the basis of New Zealand’s defence 2 commitment to South East Asia with only limited assistance from Britain and without China as a significant threat. It is in this context that New Zealand made the decision to recognise China. New Zealand Prime Minister Keith Holyoake long maintained the view that the PRC should enter the United Nations and be recognised by New Zealand, provided the position of Taiwan was preserved. Once the effort to keep Taiwan in the UN was lost, New Zealand moved slowly toward recognition. However, it would take the election of the Third Labour Government for recognition to occur. This move was part of an international trend towards official relations with Beijing, but for New Zealand, the shift was greater as Wellington had moved from seeing China as a growing military threat to a state with which New Zealand could have an official dialogue. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would firstly like to thank my supervisors Robert Ayson and David Capie. They have shown an immense amount of faith in me. Rob, as my primary supervisor, has been extremely generous with his time and has been endlessly positive, reassuring, and inspiring. I thank them both for the exceptional supervision I have received. The life of a graduate student is always eased by great administrators. Thankfully, I have had the joy of having Philippa Race, Florence Baggett, and Jonette Crysell assist me through the university processes, as well as be wonderful generally. I would like to thank the School of History, Philosophy, Political Science and International Relations. I have received significant encouragement from all members of staff, and the school was crucial in obtaining the scholarships I received. I have felt welcome and included amongst members of all the school’s staff and students in every discipline. Gerald Hensley, Chris Elder, and Doug Law all have generously given me their time and provided important firsthand insights into their work in Foreign Affairs. It is their work and the work of their colleagues and predecessors that made this research worth undertaking. This research would never have been possible without access to files. For this I thank John Crawford and Tony Wilson at NZDF. Their assistance was vital in accessing the newly declassified files which made this thesis what it is. I’d also like to thank Neil Robertson, Jacques Bancilhon, and Demi Kirkpatrick at MFAT for assisting me in obtaining access to their ministry’s files. Of course the great work of Archives New Zealand and the National Archives of Australia must also be acknowledged. They always try to make things easier for researchers. The work of New Zealand’s defence historians, in particular Ian McGibbon, Chris Pugsley, Damien Fenton, and Raberto Rabel has been a source of great inspiration and this research would not have been possible without their writings to build from. I’d like to thank Joe Burton, Jana von Stein, and Wenwen Shen for giving me a stimulating class to tutor. I learnt a huge amount about the art of lecturing International Relations from all three. Equally important were the wonderful students I tutored. Their fresh perspectives and impressive essays made me look forward to every tutorial. For putting up with me as a flatmate I’d like to thank Alan Stenson, Emily Ashill, Tama Nuttall, Clark Stevenson, Tim Stevens, Nadège Vettard, and Olivia Hodgson. They made Wellington a great place to live. Of course my time in Wellington wouldn’t have been half as much fun without Charles Wilson, Louise Kotzé, and Hillary Reid providing incalculable amounts of coffee, chips, good times, and welcome distractions. Other welcome distractions were Lilly, Frances, Missy, and Kima who provided important four-legged company. Great thanks to Kelly Hicks and Keira Stephenson for their valuable last-minute proof reading. An all-important thank you to my parents for loving me, feeding me, housing me, and making this thesis possible. For this I owe them everything. Lastly and most importantly I’d like to thank Kelly Deathe for the endless love she has given me and her sustained and immeasurable patience while I have worked on this project. It is her love and support that has allowed me to complete this work. 4 CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 4 Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... 8 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Primary Working Research Questions ..................................................................................... 13 Grand Strategy ......................................................................................................................... 13 Pre-1965 Defence Agreements ................................................................................................ 15 Literature ................................................................................................................................. 16 1.4.1 Contemporary Literature ..................................................................................................... 18 1.4.2 Post-Cold War Literature ..................................................................................................... 22 1.4.3 Containment and Forward Defence .................................................................................... 23 1.4.4 SEATO .................................................................................................................................. 26 1.4.5 Confrontation and Vietnam ................................................................................................. 27 1.4.6 NZ-China Literature ............................................................................................................. 28 1.4.7 New Zealand and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution .............................................. 32 1.4.8 Cultural Factors ...................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1955-1958
    THE COMMONWEALTH TRANS-ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION 1955-1958 HOW THE CROSSING OF ANTARCTICA MOVED NEW ZEALAND TO RECOGNISE ITS ANTARCTIC HERITAGE AND TAKE AN EQUAL PLACE AMONG ANTARCTIC NATIONS A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree PhD - Doctor of Philosophy (Antarctic Studies – History) University of Canterbury Gateway Antarctica Stephen Walter Hicks 2015 Statement of Authority & Originality I certify that the work in this thesis has not been previously submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Elements of material covered in Chapter 4 and 5 have been published in: Electronic version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume00,(0), pp.1-12, (2011), Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume 49, Issue 1, pp. 50-61, Cambridge University Press, 2013 Signature of Candidate ________________________________ Table of Contents Foreword ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Whitlam and China
    WHITLAM AND CHINA Prime Ministers Series November 2014 FRONT COVER IMAGE: Gough and Margaret Whitlam visit the Temple of Heaven in Beijing November, 1973. © File photo/NLA/Xinhua CONTENTS Introduction 4 Whitlam and China: 6 Transcript of Panel Discussion, Sydney, November 6 2014 A Note from Graham Freudenberg - Terrill and Taiwan (November 9 2014) 35 Whitlam Timeline 38 Further Reading 40 The Panellists 42 Published by Australia-China Relations Institute (ACRI) University of Technology, Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway NSW 2007 Australia t: +61 2 9514 8593 f: +61 2 9514 2189 e: [email protected] w: www.acri.uts.edu.au © Australia-China Relations Institute (ACRI) 2015 ISBN 978-0-9942825-0-7 The publication is copyright. Other than for uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without attribution. INTRODUCTION ACRI is proud to have hosted this discussion of Gough Whitlam’s 1971 visit which opened up the contemporary relationship between Australia and China. It is sad that we weren’t able to interview Gough Whitlam about China in the way we intend to interview other Australian Prime Ministers. But we are honoured to add this transcript to the many tributes to Australia’s 21st Prime Minister. In our panel conversation, a long-term Whitlam advisor and friend, 81 year old Graham Freudenberg, recreated the tension around the visit. Mr Whitlam was Opposition Leader; he was taking a political risk in going to ‘Red China’. Mr Freudenberg, a master of story- telling, captured the sense of excitement felt by the Whitlam party encamped at the Peking Hotel.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pennsylvania State University
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Communication Arts and Sciences THE LONG TWILIGHT STRUGGLE: PRESIDENTIAL RHETORIC AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE COLD WAR, 1945-1974 A Dissertation in Communication Arts and Sciences by Sara Ann Mehltretter Drury © 2011 Sara Ann Mehltretter Drury Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2011 The dissertation of Sara Ann Mehltretter Drury was reviewed and approved* by the following: J. Michael Hogan Liberal Arts Research Professor of Communication Arts and Sciences Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Jeremy Engels Assistant Professor of Communication Arts and Sciences J. Philip Jenkins Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Humanities Department of History and Religious Studies Thomas W. Benson Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Rhetoric Head of Department of Communication Arts and Sciences *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT This study explores the discourse of U.S. presidents as they defined and redefined the concept of “national security” during the Cold War. As commander-in- chief and the most visible spokesman for the United States in world affairs, the president has enormous power to shape understandings of national security strategy and foreign policy. The project consists of a series of four case studies in presidential speech making on national security: Harry S. Truman’s “Truman Doctrine” speech; Dwight Eisenhower’s “Age of Peril” radio address; John F. Kennedy’s “Inaugural Address”; and the speeches of Richard Nixon during his February 1972 trip to the People’s Republic of China. I argue that each of these episodes marked a significant moment in the rhetoric of national security, as each president promoted a new understanding of the nature of the threats to U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Cold War Guided Viewing Unit.Pdf
    ©Reading Through History Excerpt from The Cold War by Jake Henderson & Robert Marshall ©2012 To this videos series, click one of the links below!: Reading Through History on YouTube: The Cold War Reading Through History: The Cold War ©Reading Through History Name________________________ Communism: Guided Viewing: Fill in the blanks below to create complete sentences. 1. For many years, communism was the dominant economic system used in many countries across __________________________ and Asia. 2. The modern idea of communism was first proposed by German philosophers __________________________ and Friedrich Engels. 3. Together, they wrote a short book known as The Communist _______________. 4. One of the key principles of communism is the concept of a _____________________ society. 5. More importantly, the salaries of employees, regardless of the job performed, were all _____________________________. 6. The eventual goal of this 'classless society' would be a state in which there was no _____________________ at all. 7. In a true communist nation, there is to be no private ownership of _______________________. 8. This would also mean that the state controlled all means of producing __________________________. 9. Finally, in 1917, a group of Communists in Russia, known as _______________________, started a revolution. 10. At one point during what came to be known as the Cold War era, a full ___________ of the world’s population lived under some type of communist rule. ©Reading Through History Page 1 Name________________________ The Soviet Union: Guided Viewing: Fill in the blanks below to create complete sentences. 1. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were the world's only two “___________________________”.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Zealand Army Officer Corps, 1909-1945
    1 A New Zealand Style of Military Leadership? Battalion and Regimental Combat Officers of the New Zealand Expeditionary Forces of the First and Second World Wars A thesis provided in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Wayne Stack 2014 2 Abstract This thesis examines the origins, selection process, training, promotion and general performance, at battalion and regimental level, of combat officers of the New Zealand Expeditionary Forces of the First and Second World Wars. These were easily the greatest armed conflicts in the country’s history. Through a prosopographical analysis of data obtained from personnel records and established databases, along with evidence from diaries, letters, biographies and interviews, comparisons are made not only between the experiences of those New Zealand officers who served in the Great War and those who served in the Second World War, but also with the officers of other British Empire forces. During both wars New Zealand soldiers were generally led by competent and capable combat officers at all levels of command, from leading a platoon or troop through to command of a whole battalion or regiment. What makes this so remarkable was that the majority of these officers were citizen-soldiers who had mostly volunteered or had been conscripted to serve overseas. With only limited training before embarking for war, most of them became efficient and effective combat leaders through experiencing battle. Not all reached the required standard and those who did not were replaced to ensure a high level of performance was maintained within the combat units.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand's China Policy
    澳大利亚-中国关系研究院 NEW ZEALAND’S CHINA POLICY Building a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership July 2015 FRONT COVER IMAGE: Chinese President Xi Jinping shakes hands with New Zealand’s Prime Minister John Key at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, March 19 2014. © AAP Photo Published by the Australia-China Relations Institute (ACRI) Level 7, UTS Building 11 81 - 115 Broadway, Ultimo NSW 2007 t: +61 2 9514 8593 f: +61 2 9514 2189 e: [email protected] © The Australia-China Relations Institute (ACRI) 2015 ISBN 978-0-9942825-1-4 The publication is copyright. Other than for uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without attribution. CONTENTS List of Figures 4 List of Tables 5 Acknowledgements 5 Executive Summary 6 The Historical Context 11 Politics Above All Else 17 Early Days 17 The Pace Quickens 21 Third-country relations 29 Defence and Security 33 New Zealand’s Military Responses to China 34 To The Future 38 Economic and Trade Relations 41 A Larger Share of Global Trade 41 Free Trade Agreements 42 Merchandise Trade 48 Trade in Services 52 Investment Flows 52 Chinese Students in New Zealand 60 Tourism 62 Lessons from the New Zealand-China FTA 64 People 70 Immigration 70 Chinese Language in New Zealand 72 People-To-People 74 Conclusion 75 About The Centre 76 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: New Zealand-China Exports and Imports (1972-2014) 48 Figure 2: Top Six Sources of New Zealand 49 Merchandise Imports (2000-13) Figure 3: Top Six Destinations for New Zealand 50 Merchandise Exports (2000-13) Figure 4:
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Immigration to New Zealand and the Role of Networks in International Trade
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. ASIAN IMMIGRATION TO NEW ZEALAND AND THE ROLE OF NETWORKS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE A THESIS PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AT MASSEY UNIVERSITY Paul E. Seiler 1997 11 Abstract This study investigates the influence of immigration on international trade, one area in which the frequently-claimed economic benefits of immigration may occur. While the literature reviewed is inconclusive on the existence of net economic benefits resulting from immigration, it identifies personal networks as an important asset of some immigrants, particularly ethnic Chinese. The nature of the personal networks which immigrants are part of, and the role these networks play in international trade, are examined, with particular reference to North Asian immigration to New Zealand. The experiences and opinion of recent immigrants, and others with current experience in immigration and trade, are collected through personal interviews and serve as the data for this work. The findings of this study support claims of the importance of personal networks and identify different methods by which New Zealand benefits from the networks of immigrants. This, together with the knowledge and attributes of immigrants, are assets with value and should be treated as a form of human capital. However, the value of these three is potential in nature and must be acted on for the value to be realised.
    [Show full text]
  • Did Muldoon Really 'Go Too Slowly' with CER?
    New Zealand Journal of History, 41, 2 (2007) Did Muldoon really ‘go too slowly’ with CER?1 CONVENTIONAL WISDOM HAS IT that the Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement 1983 (CER) came into existence ‘despite’ rather than ‘because of’ Robert Muldoon, New Zealand’s Prime Minister and Minister of Finance from 1975 to 1984, who was not much interested in the arrangement.2 The perception is that Muldoon stalled the process, confounding the efforts of policy innovators who were keen for New Zealand to deregulate. Commonly, the subsequent neoliberal experiment of Rogernomics is justified in terms of Muldoon’s failure to adjust to transformed global realities. Implicit in this view is the assumption that Muldoon, the arch- regulator, could not be responsible for what is widely praised as the world’s most successful and ‘most comprehensive free trade agreement’.3 This article tests the conventional wisdom against archival sources about the negotiation of CER. It has two launching points: my previous work that argues that CER confounds any analysis of the Muldoon era as solely associated with controls and big government; and second the idea that CER is consistent with a historical pattern of long-term aspirations for trans-Tasman economic arrangements.4 The critical archival sources surrounding CER were published in a volume compiled jointly by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of CER.5 In this first historical analysis of these trans- Tasman documents, I argue that the primary evidence reveals Muldoon to have been a consistent supporter of CER negotiations and a critical participant in decision-making.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Sector, Vol. 30, (4) 2008
    PUBLIC SECTOR Public Sector, Vol. 30, (4) 2008 Articles The changing nature of parliamentary practice Politics and administration Reflections on the partnership between the School of Government and the State services State-owned Enterprise governance News Fellowship and Distinguished Service Awards Submission IPANZ’s submission to the investigation into the Public Service recruitment and employment of Madeleine Setchell Publisher Institute of Public Administration New Zealand. P O Box 5032, Wellington, New Zealand. Phone +64 4 463 6940 Fax: +64 4 463 6939 PUBLIC Email: [email protected] The whole of the literary matter of Public Sector is copyright ©2007 – IPANZ Editor Allen Petrey SECTOR Layout Hettie Barnard Volume 30 Number 4 2008 ISSN 0110-5191 Editorial Office c/- The Publisher as above Contents Editorial Committee Articles Tom Berthold Ralph Chapman The changing nature of parliamentary practice Chris Eichbaum by David McGee .................................................................................................................... 2 Geoff Lewis Allen Petrey Politics and administration: some reflections on the ‘Setchell Affair’ (or Michael Reid boundary riding in the purple zone) Carol Stigley by Chris Eichbaum and Richard Shaw ................................................................................... 8 Advertising Reflections on the partnership between the School of Government and Jay Matthes the State services: where to from here? Phone: +64 4 463 6940 by Gary Hawke ....................................................................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • Government in New Zealand, 1940–511
    4 An Age of the Mandarins? Government in New Zealand, 1940–511 John R . Martin The passage of more than half a century allows us to view the period following the end of the Second World War until the 1950s genuinely as history. Research materials, principally in archives, are supplemented by official histories, and biographies, with a few interviews enriching the story. I have been struck by the number of leading public servants of the period who were still in office during the 1950s and 1960s and who influenced the public service in which I spent 35 years. I was privileged to have known a number of them. In this chapter, after sketching the political and economic situation in New Zealand in 1945, I identify two principal challenges – managing the economy and national development – facing the Labour Government led by Peter Fraser. I also examine changes in organising government business made after the National Government came to office late in 1949. I then describe briefly the state of the public service as New Zealand emerged from the war. I consider the role played by several prominent public servants – a team to set against the Seven Dwarfs – and reflect on what we know about their working relationships with ministers. In essence, the picture is, first, of a group of outstanding and long-serving public servants who worked very closely with Prime Minister Fraser and his deputy, Walter Nash, the minister of finance, through the war and afterwards. With the change of government in 1949, the close, personal and somewhat haphazard methods of working under Labour were succeeded by a more conventional (in the Westminster model) relationship between ministers and officials, conducted within a more formal machinery for the handling of Cabinet business – a change sought unsuccessfully by officials when the Labour Government was in office.2 1 In writing this chapter I have benefited greatly from discussions with Dr Brian Easton, Professor Gary Hawke, Sir Frank Holmes and Mr Noel Lough.
    [Show full text]
  • Rotorua Boys' High School---An Historical Introduction
    ROTORUA BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL AN HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION Kevin J. Lyall School Historian 1 Published by Rotorua Boys’ High School P.O. Box 10148 Rotorua 3046 New Zealand Telephone: +64 7 348 6169 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.rbhs.school.nz First published 1994 Second edition 1995 Third edition 2009 Fourth edition (first digital-only edition) 2018 Fifth edition (second digital-only edition) 2019 Sixth edition (third digital-only edition) 2020 Seventh edition (fourth digital-only edition) 2021 Eighth edition (fifth digital-only edition) 2022 Copyright © Kevin J. Lyall 2022 All rights reserved This publication is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act 1994, no part may be reproduced by any process without the permission in writing of both the copyright owner and the above Publisher. Kevin J. Lyall has asserted his right under the Copyright Act 1994 to be identified as the author of this work. 2 CONTENTS Foreword…………………………………………….…………….……………5 School Names…………………………………………………………………...6 The New Zealand Flag………………………………………………………......7 The School Shield……………………………………………………………..8-9 School Mottos………………………………………………………………….10 Vision Statement, Principles and Values………….…..................................11-12 The Three Plumes – “Raukura”.…………………………………………….....13 The 1881 Endowment……………………...………………………………..…14 History of the School……………...…………...………………….………..15-20 Principals……………………………………...……………………………21-26 A Block………………………………………...…………………….……..27-29
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Defence Policy Under Labour
    New Zealand Defence Policy Under Labour. Peter Jennings. A sub-thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (International Relations) in the Department of International Relations, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, Canberra. October 1987. This sub-thesis is my own work. All sources used have been acknowledged. P.A.D. Jennings. Practical co-operation is the life blood of any defence relationship... (Annual Report of the NZ Ministry of Defence, March 1987. p. 8.) Contents. Page. Acknowledgements List of Tables vi Chapter One. Introduction: Scope and Aims. \ Chapter Two. The Costs of the ANZUS Split to the Armed Forces. 6 Chapter Three. "Greater Self-Reliance”. 57 Chapter Four. The ANZAC Relationship. 82 Chapter Five. Conclusion. jog Interviews ^ ^ Bibliography 114 Appendices One: AFNZ contact with the United States' Department of Defence prior to the ANZUS split. 126 Two: AFNZ weapons systems and platforms: An inventory and analysis of capabilities. 128 Acknowledgements. I would like to thank the Australian-American Educational Foundation and the Fulbright Committee for providing me with a scholarship to travel to the Centre for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, where I began research on New Zealand's ANZUS relations. The Department of International Relations at the ANU provided funding towards a study-trip to Wellington at the begining of 1987. Mr Denis McLean, the Secretary of the New Zealand Ministry of Defence made the library facilities of the Ministry available to me, and Mr John Crawford, the Ministry Historian was most helpful in providing information and arranging interviews within the Ministry.
    [Show full text]