DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluating the Impact of Land Cover Characteristics on Resident And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluating the Impact of Land Cover Characteristics on Resident And Impact of land cover characteristics on residential diurnal raptor abundance in the agricultural Sudano-Sahelian region © Ralph Buij Deborah Nicole Winkel Student number: 0455253 e-mail: [email protected] Program: Sustainable Development Track: Landuse, Environment and Biodiversity Supervisors: Dr. ir. M.G. Rietkerk Drs. R. Buij Dr. H.H. de Iongh Date: July 31, 2009 1 2 Impact of land cover characteristics on residential diurnal raptor abundance in the agricultural Sudano-Sahelian region Deborah Winkel August 2008 – July 2009 Centre d‟Etude de l‟Environnement et du Développement au Cameroun (CEDC) Department of Environment and Development, Centre of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden Utrecht University © 2009 Deborah Winkel Cover photo Ralph Buij: Rüppell‟s Griffon Vulture (Gyps rueppellii), Extreme North province, Cameroon 3 4 Utrecht University Faculty of Geosciences Department of Innovation and Environmental Sciences Programme Science & Innovation Management Programme Sustainable Development Statement of Originality Student’s name: Deborah Nicole Winkel Student’s ID: 0455253 Title report / thesis: Impact of land cover characteristics on residential diurnal raptor abundance in the agricultural Sudano-Sahelian region. I declare that: - this is an original report / thesis and is entirely my own work, - where I used the ideas of other writers, I acknowledge the source in every instance, - where I used any diagrams or visuals, I acknowledged the source in every instance, - this thesis (or part of it) was not and will not be submitted as assessed work in any other academic course. Date of signature:.............................................................................................. Student’s signature: .......................................................................................... 5 6 Preface This study is performed within the framework of a PhD study of R. Buij executed in collaboration between the Institute for Environmental Sciences of the Leiden University in the Netherlands (CML) and the Centre for Environment and Development Studies in Cameroon (CECD). This report was done for my master thesis for the master Sustainable Development, track Land use, Environment and Biodiversity at Utrecht University. The fieldwork which provided the base for this report was conducted at the CEDC, which is a joint cooperation between the CML in the Netherlands and the University of Dschang, Cameroon. The author wishes to thank her friends and family for all their support and motivation. Also, I would like to thank H. de Iongh and M. Rietkerk and for their assistance and comments during the writing of the proposal and this final report and K. Musters for his help with the statistics. My special thanks goes to R. Buij and D.J. van der Goes for helping throughout the entire process between writing the proposal until writing this final report. I would like to thank them, together with B. Croes, for the great conversations, good laughs, friendship, horseback rides and horrible movies during and in between our fieldwork trips. My gratitude also goes to the entire staff of the CEDC in Cameroon, specifically my driver Hamidou, who helped me a lot with my French, had a great sense of humor, helped me with counting crickets I otherwise might have missed, and let me enjoy many great traditional lunches at his home. Salomon: while being the only student at the CEDC you‟ve been of a great mental support and I really enjoyed the coffee you made. Lawane and Inez: I‟m very grateful for your help in learning more about the city and it‟s market, local research, the local places to eat and the introduction to my seamstress. I‟m am also very grateful for the financial and mental support given by my parents Jan N. Winkel en J.K. Serné. Thank you and my brother B.G. Winkel for visiting me in the period in Cameroon that was toughest: I had a great time. Furthermore, I would like to thank Utrecht University and the H.G. Boumeester stichting for financing part of the research. Last I would specifically like to thank D.J. van der Goes for all his help with my research, going as far as entering data while lying in the hospital. 7 Abstract Dry-season counts of diurnal raptors were performed in the wet season in the agricultural region in northern Cameroon along several road transects (total = 900 km), while assessing general land cover characteristics and land cover characteristics of the raptor habitats. 9 common diurnal residential raptor species (Milvus migrans, Elanus caeruleus, Melierax metabates, Falco alopex, Butastur rufipennis, Necrosyrtes monachus, Buteo auguralis, Gyps rueppellii, Aquila wahlbergi) have been analyzed for their land cover preference at microhabitat scale regarding several land cover characteristics: agriculture, woodland, village, herbaceous layer, trees and shrubs/bushes. Overall all raptors, except Necrosyrtes monachus and Milvus migrans, showed, on a microhabitat scale level, a significant preference for a high percentage of natural woodland. Conservation of the woodland areas within the agricultural region is thus important for preservation of many raptors: only the scavenging raptors living of dead animals and refuse dumps significantly prefer villages above woodland and agricultural fields. Human presence may not be a problem for several raptors, but their activities might. For cover with agriculture and trees, there is a wide variety in preference, varying from a low level (resp. 0-20% and 0-30 trees/hectare) to a high level (80-100% and >120 trees/hectare). On a microhabitat level, many of the investigated raptors seem to prefer a small cover of herbaceous layer above a larger cover, indicating that on a small scale, grazing can be possibly be positive for raptors, when bare soil is surrounded by areas with more grass. Regarding bush/shrub density, there was little variation in the area (88% having a cover of 0-20%), where only Necrosyrtes monachus and Buteo auguralis showed a significant preference for respectively a low to high cover. Maintaining a diverse landscape with a wide diversity in land cover characteristics is thus expected to be crucial for conservation of raptors. Through field experiments, I investigated the effect of very local land cover characteristics on the presence of prey animals for raptors, during the dry season. Literature shows that a wide variety of food types are eaten by different raptors. Analysis in 4 different land use types revealed that in each land use type, grasshoppers had a statistically significant positive correlation with the grass cover. In natural woodland, average grasshopper numbers found were significantly higher than in villages and cotton plantations. Differences are expected to be larger in the growth season (wet season): in the dry season no significant differences were found between the intensive (cotton) plantations and the extensive (sorghum plantations), regarding grasshopper densities. For other types of prey animals, no significant relations have been found regarding land cover characteristics. Only in general, significantly more lizards were present in villages compared to the other three land use types. Résumé Les comptages en saison sèche des rapaces diurnes ont été effectué en saison des pluies dans le nord de la région agricole du Cameroun le long de plusieurs tronçons de route (un total de 900km) tout en évaluant les caractéristiques générales de couvertures du sol ainsi que celles des habitats des rapaces. Neuf espèces communes de rapaces diurnes résidente (Milvus migrans, Elanus caeruleus, Melierax metabates, Falco alopex, Butastur rufipennis, Necrosyrtes monachus, Buteo auguralis, Gyps rueppellii, Aquila wahlbergi) ont été analysé quant à leurs préférence de couverture du sol au niveau du micro-habitat en utilisant plusieurs caractéristiques: agriculture, régions boisées, strate herbacée et buissons/arbustes. Tout les rapaces, sauf Necrosyrtes monachus et Milvus migrans, on démontrés au du micro-habitat une préférence significative pour un haut pourcentage de région boisées naturelles. La conservation des régions boisées situé à l'intérieure de la région agricole est donc importante pour la préservation de plusieurs rapaces: seul les rapaces charognards se nourrissant d'animaux mort et de détritus préfèrent significativement les villages au détriment des régions boisées et des champs agricoles. Pour plusieurs rapaces la présence humaine n'est probablement pas un problème, mais leurs actions pourraient l'être. Pour la couverture avec agriculture et arbres, il y a une grande variété en ce qui à trait à la préférence, variant d'un niveau bas (resp. 0-20% et 0-30 arbres/hectare) jusqu'à un niveau élevé (80-100% et >120 8 arbres/hectare). Au niveau du micro-habitat plusieurs des rapaces étudiés semblent préférer une couverture herbacée de petite taille aux couvertures plus grandes, indiquant qu'à petite échelle, le pâturage pourrait être positif pour les rapaces lorsque qu'un sol dénudé est entouré d'endroit avec plus d'herbes. En ce qui a trait à la densité d'arbustes et de buissons, il y avait peu de variations dans la zone étudiée (88% ayant une couverture de 0-20%) où seulement Necrosyrtes monachus and Buteo auguralis avaient une préférence significative respectivement pour une couverture basse et haute. On peut donc s'attendre à ce que maintenir un paysage diversifié avec une grande variété de caractéristiques de couverture de sol soit crucial pour la conservation des rapaces. À l'aide d'expériences sur le terrain, j'ai étudié l'effet
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Birds (Aves) of Oromia, Ethiopia – an Annotated Checklist
    European Journal of Taxonomy 306: 1–69 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.306 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2017 · Gedeon K. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A32EAE51-9051-458A-81DD-8EA921901CDC The birds (Aves) of Oromia, Ethiopia – an annotated checklist Kai GEDEON 1,*, Chemere ZEWDIE 2 & Till TÖPFER 3 1 Saxon Ornithologists’ Society, P.O. Box 1129, 09331 Hohenstein-Ernstthal, Germany. 2 Oromia Forest and Wildlife Enterprise, P.O. Box 1075, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. 3 Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Centre for Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:F46B3F50-41E2-4629-9951-778F69A5BBA2 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:F59FEDB3-627A-4D52-A6CB-4F26846C0FC5 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:A87BE9B4-8FC6-4E11-8DB4-BDBB3CFBBEAA Abstract. Oromia is the largest National Regional State of Ethiopia. Here we present the first comprehensive checklist of its birds. A total of 804 bird species has been recorded, 601 of them confirmed (443) or assumed (158) to be breeding birds. At least 561 are all-year residents (and 31 more potentially so), at least 73 are Afrotropical migrants and visitors (and 44 more potentially so), and 184 are Palaearctic migrants and visitors (and eight more potentially so). Three species are endemic to Oromia, 18 to Ethiopia and 43 to the Horn of Africa. 170 Oromia bird species are biome restricted: 57 to the Afrotropical Highlands biome, 95 to the Somali-Masai biome, and 18 to the Sudan-Guinea Savanna biome.
    [Show full text]
  • CONVENTION on MIGRATORY SPECIES Loch Lomond, Scotland, United Kingdom, 22-25 October 2007 Agenda Item 8.0
    Distr: General CONVENTION ON MIGRATORY UNEP/CMS/AERAP-IGM1/8/Add.1 6 September 2007 SPECIES Original: English MEETING TO IDENTIFY AND ELABORATE AN OPTION FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON AFRICAN-EURASIAN MIGRATORY RAPTORS UNDER THE CONVENTION ON MIGRATORY SPECIES Loch Lomond, Scotland, United Kingdom, 22-25 October 2007 Agenda Item 8.0 TAXONOMIC SCOPE: PROPOSED LIST OF SPECIES 1. Article 1a of the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) defines such species as follows: “a) "Migratory species" means the entire population or any geographically separate part of the population of any species or lower taxon of wild animals, a significant proportion of whose members cyclically and predictably cross one or more national jurisdictional boundaries;” This definition has been used as the basis for the initial selection of species listed in Table 1 of UNEP/CMS/AERAP-IGM1/8 which has been drawn from UNEP/CMS/AERAP- IGM1/Inf/8: Status Report on Raptors in the African-Eurasian Region. 2. The list of proposed species has been restricted to those defined as “True Migrants” and listed in the Global Register of Migratory Species (GROMS) database1. These include partial migrants (species in which only part of the population migrates, with the rest remaining in the breeding areas) but excludes those listed as “nomadising” or “range extensions” (see Annex 2 of UNEP/CMS/AERAP-IGM1/Inf/8: Status Report on Raptors in the African-Eurasian Region). It also excludes species that technically meet the CMS migratory species definition because they regularly cross one or more national boundaries, but are short-distance migrants, travelling less than 100 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Birding Tour to Ghana Specializing on Upper Guinea Forest 12–26 January 2018
    Birding Tour to Ghana Specializing on Upper Guinea Forest 12–26 January 2018 Chocolate-backed Kingfisher, Ankasa Resource Reserve (Dan Casey photo) Participants: Jim Brown (Missoula, MT) Dan Casey (Billings and Somers, MT) Steve Feiner (Portland, OR) Bob & Carolyn Jones (Billings, MT) Diane Kook (Bend, OR) Judy Meredith (Bend, OR) Leaders: Paul Mensah, Jackson Owusu, & Jeff Marks Prepared by Jeff Marks Executive Director, Montana Bird Advocacy Birding Ghana, Montana Bird Advocacy, January 2018, Page 1 Tour Summary Our trip spanned latitudes from about 5° to 9.5°N and longitudes from about 3°W to the prime meridian. Weather was characterized by high cloud cover and haze, in part from Harmattan winds that blow from the northeast and carry particulates from the Sahara Desert. Temperatures were relatively pleasant as a result, and precipitation was almost nonexistent. Everyone stayed healthy, the AC on the bus functioned perfectly, the tropical fruits (i.e., bananas, mangos, papayas, and pineapples) that Paul and Jackson obtained from roadside sellers were exquisite and perfectly ripe, the meals and lodgings were passable, and the jokes from Jeff tolerable, for the most part. We detected 380 species of birds, including some that were heard but not seen. We did especially well with kingfishers, bee-eaters, greenbuls, and sunbirds. We observed 28 species of diurnal raptors, which is not a large number for this part of the world, but everyone was happy with the wonderful looks we obtained of species such as African Harrier-Hawk, African Cuckoo-Hawk, Hooded Vulture, White-headed Vulture, Bat Hawk (pair at nest!), Long-tailed Hawk, Red-chested Goshawk, Grasshopper Buzzard, African Hobby, and Lanner Falcon.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gambia: a Taste of Africa, November 2017
    Tropical Birding - Trip Report The Gambia: A Taste of Africa, November 2017 A Tropical Birding “Chilled” SET DEPARTURE tour The Gambia A Taste of Africa Just Six Hours Away From The UK November 2017 TOUR LEADERS: Alan Davies and Iain Campbell Report by Alan Davies Photos by Iain Campbell Egyptian Plover. The main target for most people on the tour www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] p.1 Tropical Birding - Trip Report The Gambia: A Taste of Africa, November 2017 Red-throated Bee-eaters We arrived in the capital of The Gambia, Banjul, early evening just as the light was fading. Our flight in from the UK was delayed so no time for any real birding on this first day of our “Chilled Birding Tour”. Our local guide Tijan and our ground crew met us at the airport. We piled into Tijan’s well used minibus as Little Swifts and Yellow-billed Kites flew above us. A short drive took us to our lovely small boutique hotel complete with pool and lovely private gardens, we were going to enjoy staying here. Having settled in we all met up for a pre-dinner drink in the warmth of an African evening. The food was delicious, and we chatted excitedly about the birds that lay ahead on this nine- day trip to The Gambia, the first time in West Africa for all our guests. At first light we were exploring the gardens of the hotel and enjoying the warmth after leaving the chilly UK behind. Both Red-eyed and Laughing Doves were easy to see and a flash of colour announced the arrival of our first Beautiful Sunbird, this tiny gem certainly lived up to its name! A bird flew in landing in a fig tree and again our jaws dropped, a Yellow-crowned Gonolek what a beauty! Shocking red below, black above with a daffodil yellow crown, we were loving Gambian birds already.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantifying the Global Legal Trade in Live CITES-Listed Raptors and Owls
    Electronic Supplementary Material (Panter et al. 2019) Electronic Supplementary Material for: Quantifying the global legal trade in live CITES-listed raptors and owls for commercial purposes over a 40-year period Published in 2019 in Avocetta 43(1) :23-36; doi: https://doi.org/10.30456/AVO.2019104 Authors: Connor T. Panter1,*, Eleanor D. Atkinson1, Rachel L. White1 1 School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom. * Corresponding author: [email protected] List of contents: ESM 1 - Appendix A. CITES source categories with associated definitions. ESM 2 - Appendix B. CITES Trade Purposes categories with associated definitions. ESM 3 - Appendix C. CITES Importer and Exporter countries with total reported imported and exported individuals of raptors and owls. ESM 4 - Appendix D. Raptor and owl exporter countries supplying the Japanese trade in live birds for commercial use. ESM 5 - Appendix E. Percentages of number of traded species within global IUCN Red List categories and population trends. ESM 6. Imported raptor species, number of imported individuals and percentage of total imported raptor individuals. ESM 7. Exported raptor species, number of exported individuals and percentage of total exported raptor individuals. ESM 8. Imported owl species, number of imported individuals and percentage of total imported owl individuals. ESM 9. Exported owl species, number of exported individuals and percentage of total exported owl individuals. 1 Electronic Supplementary Material (Panter et al. 2019) ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL (ESM) ESM 1 - Appendix A. CITES source categories with associated definitions. *The CITES Trade Database does not provide information regarding whether birds declared as “wild- caught” were derived from legal or illegal activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List
    Kenya: Species List Mammals Specie Seen Location Aberdare mole shrew African bush elephant African long-fingered bat African savanna hare African striped weasel Asian house shrew Audacious mole-rat Banded mongoose Bat-eared fox Black-backed jackal Bunyoro rabbit Bushbuck Bushveld horseshoe bat Common duiker Coypu Cushioned gerbil Dik-dik Duiker East African wild dog Echo (elephant) Embi mole-rat Four-toed elephant shrew Grant's gazelle Grant's zebra Greater kudu Grévy's zebra Ground pangolin Hartebeest Heart-nosed bat Hirola Hylomyscus endorobae Kenya coast galago Kenyan African mole-rat Kirk's dik-dik Klipspringer Lesser kudu Maneless zebra Masai giraffe Mianzini mole-rat Mount Kenya mole shrew Naivasha mole-rat Nandi Bear Nyiro shrew Percival's trident bat Peters's flat-headed bat Rainey's shrew Reticulated giraffe Roan antelope Rothschild's giraffe Sable antelope Serval Side-striped jackal Single-striped grass mouse Smoky white-toothed shrew Southern giant pouched rat Steenbok Storey's African mole-rat Tachyoryctes rex Taita shrew Tana River red colobus Thomson's gazelle Tree pangolin Ultimate shrew Waterbuck Yellow-backed duiker Birds Specie Seen Location Common Quail Harlequin Quail Blue Quail Stone Partridge Helmeted Guineafowl Crested Guineafowl Vulturine Guineafowl Fulvous Whistling-Duck White-faced Whistling-Duck White-backed Duck Maccoa Duck Egyptian Goose Ruddy Shelduck Spur-winged Goose Comb Duck African Pygmy-Goose Cape Teal Gadwall Eurasian Wigeon African Black Duck Mallard Yellow-billed Duck Northern Shoveler Red-billed
    [Show full text]
  • Accipitridae Species Tree
    Accipitridae I: Hawks, Kites, Eagles Pearl Kite, Gampsonyx swainsonii ?Scissor-tailed Kite, Chelictinia riocourii Elaninae Black-winged Kite, Elanus caeruleus ?Black-shouldered Kite, Elanus axillaris ?Letter-winged Kite, Elanus scriptus White-tailed Kite, Elanus leucurus African Harrier-Hawk, Polyboroides typus ?Madagascan Harrier-Hawk, Polyboroides radiatus Gypaetinae Palm-nut Vulture, Gypohierax angolensis Egyptian Vulture, Neophron percnopterus Bearded Vulture / Lammergeier, Gypaetus barbatus Madagascan Serpent-Eagle, Eutriorchis astur Hook-billed Kite, Chondrohierax uncinatus Gray-headed Kite, Leptodon cayanensis ?White-collared Kite, Leptodon forbesi Swallow-tailed Kite, Elanoides forficatus European Honey-Buzzard, Pernis apivorus Perninae Philippine Honey-Buzzard, Pernis steerei Oriental Honey-Buzzard / Crested Honey-Buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus Barred Honey-Buzzard, Pernis celebensis Black-breasted Buzzard, Hamirostra melanosternon Square-tailed Kite, Lophoictinia isura Long-tailed Honey-Buzzard, Henicopernis longicauda Black Honey-Buzzard, Henicopernis infuscatus ?Black Baza, Aviceda leuphotes ?African Cuckoo-Hawk, Aviceda cuculoides ?Madagascan Cuckoo-Hawk, Aviceda madagascariensis ?Jerdon’s Baza, Aviceda jerdoni Pacific Baza, Aviceda subcristata Red-headed Vulture, Sarcogyps calvus White-headed Vulture, Trigonoceps occipitalis Cinereous Vulture, Aegypius monachus Lappet-faced Vulture, Torgos tracheliotos Gypinae Hooded Vulture, Necrosyrtes monachus White-backed Vulture, Gyps africanus White-rumped Vulture, Gyps bengalensis Himalayan
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 the African Raptor Databank Or ARDB Was Launched
    AFRICAN RAPTOR DATABANK first year report: 2013 The African Raptor Databank or ARDB was launched at the 13th PAOC in Arusha, October 2012. The project became possible thanks to the facilitation of The Peregrine Fund and ESRI in supplying important mapping software. A five year period is planned for data gathering to enable comprehensive assessment of the conservation status of each species of African raptor. The project also aims to make use of raptors as ideal indicator species for monitoring the health of African environments. The project depends on the support of raptor biologists, birdwatchers and general enthusiasts in sharing their observations of African raptors. This is a summary of the data gathering exercises during our first year of operation in 2013. Since the last monthly update in early November 2013, there have been a further 1228 records added to the database during December (Tim Wacher: 769; Andre Botha: 297; Joseph Heymans: 162). This brings the database total to 57,547 records (of which 15,607 are historic records captured from the Snow Atlas). The following table displays contributions by country during 2013. Country Number of records South Africa 19103 Tanzania 13001 Chad 2176 Niger 2052 Kenya 1407 Gambia 913 Botswana 894 Cameroon 686 Mozambique 266 Namibia 261 Zambia 232 Central African Republic 197 Benin 166 Zimbabwe 141 Uganda 119 Guinea-Bissau 54 Malawi 40 Ethiopia 18 Rwanda 17 Lesotho 8 Swaziland 8 Nigeria 5 Angola 4 Tunisia 2 Burundi 1 So, if you know anybody recording raptors in the following countries please
    [Show full text]
  • Vulture Decline and Trade in Nigeria and Cameroon
    The African vulture crisis: western Africa Ralph Buij Animal Ecology Team, Alterra, Wageningen University, Netherlands Alterra Wageningen University & Research Centre Alterra Ecological research institute, part of Wageningen University and Research Centre >600 employees National & international research projects Raptor research ~3500 nests by >1500 observers Trouw, 14-4-’06 Areas of raptor persecution Black Vulture (2005) Dpmt. Conservation Biology, Leiden University, 2005- 2013 74-96% Vulture decline 1970 – 2004 Rondeau & Thiollay 2004, Thiollay 2001, 2006, 2007 81-97% 45-53% 86% 97-100% decline in rural areas Cameroon road surveys Thiollay 2001, Buij et al. 2013 a Combined relative abundance: • Rüppell’s Vulture, • African White-backed Vulture, • Lappet-faced Vulture, • White-headed Vulture Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests and Bonferroni correction (P < 0.017) b b Vultures depend on parks and people Buij et al. 2013 Biological Conservation Herbivore numbers Case study: Waza National Park, Cameroon Park, National Waza Case study: abundance Vulture Questionnaires administered to: 113 traditional medicinal traders at 39 markets in 8 states of northern Nigeria 240 village chiefs in two northern provinces Cameroon Nigeria Of 113 traders, 11% had vulture heads, 4.4% entire vultures 40%: traditional medicine, 25%: food Hausa (67%), Fulani (11%) and 11 eleven other tribes 90.3% inherited trade from family member Rising prices: 2000: € 0.73-1.23/vulture, 2011: € 9.7-14.6/vulture 2010-11: € 23-75 (set of head, legs), € 6100 (4 eggs) Saidu &
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Birds of Tanzania Modified by Alan Rogers from Birds of Tanzania: a Working Checklist (February 2003), by Neil & Liz Baker
    Checklist of Birds of Tanzania Modified by Alan Rogers from Birds of Tanzania: A Working Checklist (February 2003), by Neil & Liz Baker. Key to superscripts: Aan addition to the Tanzanian list since Britton (ed.) 1980; na name change (English or scientific) from Britton (ed.) 1980; sa form not recognised as specifically distinct by Britton (ed.). Ostriches 2 Rufous-bellied Heron 2 Green-winged Tealn 2 Steppe Buzzardn 2 Cattle Egret 2 Pintail 2 Mountain Buzzardn 2 Ostrich 2 Green-backed Heron 2 Red-billed Tealn 2 Long-legged Buzzard 2 Black Heron 2 Hottentot Teal 2 Augur Buzzard Albatrosses 2 Dimorphic Egrets 2 Garganey 2 Wahlberg’s Eagle A A 2 Shy AlbatrossA 2 Little Egret 2 Cape Shoveler 2 Greater Spotted Eagle 2 Great White Egret 2 Northern Shovelern 2 Lesser Spotted Eagle 2 Yellow-billed Egret 2 Southern Pochard 2 Tawny Eagle Petrels & Shearwaters 2 Purple Heron 2 Northern Pochardn 2 Steppe Eagle 2 Giant PetrelA 2 Grey Heron 2 Tufted Duck 2 Imperial Eagle 2 Audubon’s ShearwaterA 2 Black-headed Heron 2 Maccoa Duck 2 Verreaux’s Eaglen 2 Goliath Heron 2 African Hawk Eagle 2 Booted Eagle Grebes Vultures, Eagles, Kites, 2 Ayres’ Hawk Eaglen Hamerkop Hawks etc 2 Little Grebe 2 Long-crested Eagle 2 Great Crested Grebe 2 Hamerkop 2 Crowned Eagle 2 Cuckoo Hawk 2 Black-necked Grebe 2 Martial Eagle 2 Honey Buzzard 2 Osprey Storks 2 Bat Hawk Tropicbirds Yellow-billed Stork 2 Black-shouldered Kite 2 A Secretarybird 2 White-tailed Tropicbird 2 Swallow-tailed Kite 2 Open-billed Stork n 2 Black Stork 2 Black-billed Kite 2 Secretary Bird 2 Yellow-billed
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Study of Terrestrial Birds in the Disturbed and Undisturbed Vegetation Types of Ikere Forest Reserve, Ekiti State, Nigeria
    Journal of Ecology and Natural Resources ISSN: 2578-4994 MEDWIN PUBLISHERS Committed to Create Value for researchers Comparative Study of Terrestrial Birds in the Disturbed and Undisturbed Vegetation Types of Ikere Forest Reserve, Ekiti State, Nigeria Ogunyemi OO* Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife management, Ekiti State University, Nigeria Review Article Volume 4 Issue 4 March 23, 2020 *Corresponding author: Ogunyemi OO, Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Received Date: management, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Email: olumideogunyemi80@yahoo. Published Date: May 21, 2020 com DOI: 10.23880/jenr-16000201 Abstract Birds are an important component of earth's ecosystems. The primary objective of the study was to assess the effect of Forest Reserve from January to December, 2017. Data were collected by employing transect count technique in the early disturbance on bird species diversity and abundance in the two stratified habitat types (disturbed and undisturbed) of Ikere types. During the study, a total of 551 individual birds comprising of 59 species, 18 families and 11 Orders were recorded. morning (6.00- 10.00a.m) and late afternoon (4.00- 6.00 p.m) for four consecutive days every month in the two vegetation recorded in the undisturbed vegetation. Order Passeriformes constituted the numerically dominant Order represented with Out of 59 identified species of birds, 46 (78%) of the species were recorded from disturbed vegetation, while 30 species were 16 species while Pelecaniformes, Galliformes and Colliformes were the least dominant Orders represented with one species each. At the family level, family Nectariniidae was numerically the dominant family represented with 9 species.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection of Wild Life Act 1972 LAWS of MALAYSIA Reprint Act 76
    Protection of Wild Life Act 1972 LAWS OF MALAYSIA RepRInt Act 76 pROtectIOn OF WILd LIFe Act 1972 Incorporating all amendments up to 1 January 2006 pubLIShed bY the cOMMISSIOneR OF LAW RevISIOn, MALAYSIA undeR the AuthORItY OF the RevISIOn OF LAWS Act 1968 In cOLLAbORAtIOn WIth peRcetAkAn nASIOnAL MALAYSIA bhd 2006 2 Laws of Malaysia Act 76 date of Royal Assent ... ... ... ... ... 28 April 1972 date of publication in the Gazette ... ... 4 May 1972 Previous rePrints First Reprint ... ... ... ... ... 1993 Second Reprint ... ... ... ... ... 1999 protection of Wild Life 3 LAWS OF MALAYSIA Act 76 pROtectIOn OF WILd LIFe Act 1972 ARRAnGeMent OF SectIOnS PArt i pReLIMInARY pd4ml evaluation copy. visit http://pd4ml.com Section 1. Short title, application and commencement 2. Repeal, savings and transitional 3. Interpretation PArt ii AdMInIStRAtIOn chAPter 1 Appointments 4. Appointments of officers, etc. 5. declaration of authority chAPter 2 Search, Seizure and Arrest 6. Search with warrant 7. Search without warrant 8. Search of vehicle without warrant by customs officer 9. entry on land other than dwelling house, etc., to prevent offence 10. Additional powers of search and seizure etc., consequent on search 11. List of objects seized 12. Occupier to witness search 4 Laws of Malaysia Act 76 13. Form and renewal of search warrant 14. Alteration, etc., of cage, etc., in which wild animal or wild bird is enclosed 15. Arrest with warrant 16. Form and renewal of warrant of arrest 17. Arrest without warrant 17A. Set up, place, etc., an obstruction on road, pd4ml evaluation copy. visit http://pd4ml.com highway, etc. 18. Additional powers of search and seizure consequent on arrest 19.
    [Show full text]