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Moskstraumen Fra 1539 Til Omkring 1900 DDEE CCHHAARRYYBBDDII SSEEPPTTEENNTTRRIIOONNAALLII Kontinuitet og endring i forestillinger om Moskstraumen fra 1539 til omkring 1900. HIS-3900 Sigri Skjegstad Lockert Mastergradsavhandling i historie Institutt for historie og religionsvitenskap Fakultet for humaniora, samfunnsvitenskap og lærerutdanning Universitetet i Tromsø Våren 2010 Illustrasjonen på forsiden er hentet fra kapittel sju i bok to av Olaus Magnus’ verk fra 1555. II FORORD Å skrive denne oppgaven har vært en reise; en reise i tid, i forfatteres liv og virke og i spennende fortellinger og myter om Moskstraumen. For meg har havet alltid vært interessant, så det fantes ingen tvil da jeg av Rune Blix Hagen fikk tilbud om å skrive denne oppgaven. Jeg ønsker dermed å sende en stor takk Rune for ideen, tips, oppfølging og for entusiastisk og god veiledning. Jeg ønsker også å takke Stian Bones for tips om kilder. Det har heller ikke vært noe problem å få hjelp ved bibliotek og arkiver i Tromsø, Lofoten, Trondheim og Oslo, men spesielt ønsker jeg å takke Benedicte Gamborg Briså ved kartavdelingen på Nasjonalbiblioteket i Oslo og Per Pippin Aspaas ved Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromsø. III INNHOLDSFORTEGNELSE 1.1 Innledning......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Naturfenomenet......................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Avgrensning .............................................................................................................. 4 1.1.3 Problemstilling .......................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Historiografi ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Kilder og kildekritikk....................................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 Kart............................................................................................................................ 7 1.3.2 Arkiver og håndskrifter ............................................................................................. 8 1.3.3 Litteratur.................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Metode.............................................................................................................................. 9 1.5 Avklaring........................................................................................................................ 11 1.6 Teori ............................................................................................................................... 12 Kapittel 2: Olaus Magnus og havsvelget.............................................................................. 14 2.1 Olaus Magnus............................................................................................................. 14 2.1.1 Carta Marina............................................................................................................ 15 2.1.2 Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus................................................................... 16 2.2 Tradisjon før Olaus Magnus........................................................................................... 19 2.2.1 Vitenskap og renessanse.......................................................................................... 19 2.2.2 Vannets kretsløp...................................................................................................... 20 2.2.3 Kartografi før Olaus Magnus .................................................................................. 21 2.2.4 Gammelgreske og norrøne forestillinger................................................................. 24 2.2.5 Pytheas .................................................................................................................... 24 2.2.6 Paulus Diaconus ...................................................................................................... 25 2.2.7 Adam av Bremen..................................................................................................... 26 2.2.8 Historia Norvegiae .................................................................................................. 28 2.2.9 Nicholas de Lynn .................................................................................................... 30 2.2.10 Italienerne på Røst................................................................................................. 30 2.2.11 Erik Valkendorf..................................................................................................... 31 2.3 Myte eller virkelighet? ................................................................................................... 32 Kapittel 3: Tradisjon etter Olaus Magnus ............................................................................ 34 3.1 Kartografi ....................................................................................................................... 34 3.2 Konsekvenser for sjøfarten............................................................................................. 38 3.2.1 Søken etter en nordøstpassasje og handelen med Russland.................................... 38 3.2.2 Anthony Jenkinson.................................................................................................. 40 3.2.3 Kong Christian 4.s reise til det ytterste nord........................................................... 42 3.2.4 Pierre Martin de la Martinière................................................................................. 43 3.3 Norsk topografi .............................................................................................................. 44 3.3.1 Erik Hansen Schønnebøl ......................................................................................... 44 3.3.2 Peder Claussøn Friis................................................................................................ 47 3.3.3 Anders Christenssøn Arreboe.................................................................................. 50 3.3.4 Petter Dass............................................................................................................... 52 3.4 Vitenskap........................................................................................................................ 55 3.5 Myte eller virkelighet ..................................................................................................... 57 IV Kapittel 4: Omvurdering av det nordlige ............................................................................ 60 4.1 En ny mentalitet og vitenskap ........................................................................................ 60 4.1.1 Vitenskap................................................................................................................. 60 4.1.2 Mentalitetsendring................................................................................................... 63 4.2 Kartografi ....................................................................................................................... 64 4.3 Konsekvenser for sjøfarten............................................................................................. 67 4.4 En ny generasjon topografer .......................................................................................... 68 4.4.1 Jonas Ramus............................................................................................................ 68 4.4.2 Peder Krog............................................................................................................... 71 4.4.3 Elias Schøning......................................................................................................... 73 4.4.4 Ove Schjelderup ...................................................................................................... 75 4.4.5 Laudrits Barhow...................................................................................................... 77 4.4.6 Erik Pontoppidan..................................................................................................... 78 4.4.7 Erich Johan Jessen................................................................................................... 79 4.4.8 Albert Jersin ............................................................................................................ 80 4.4.9 Gerhard Schøning.................................................................................................... 81 4.5 Myte eller virkelighet ..................................................................................................... 84 Kapittel 5:............................................................................................................................. 87 1700-tallet: En avkreftet forestilling gjenoppstår som fiksjon............................................. 87 5.1 Kartografi ....................................................................................................................... 87 5.2 Konsekvenser for sjøfart og turisme .............................................................................. 89 5.3 Erik Andreas Colban ...................................................................................................... 91 5.4 Skjønnlitteratur..............................................................................................................
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