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Eighth Edition (2006) Core Level International Patent Classification Eighth Edition (2006) Core Level Volume 4 Section H Electricity World Intellectual Property Organization BASIC INFORMATION ON IPC REFORM The eighth edition (2006) of the Classification represents its first publication after the basic period of IPC reform which was carried out from 1999 to 2005. The following major changes were introduced in the Classification in the course of the reform: (a) the Classification was divided into a core and an advanced level, in order to better satisfy the needs of different categories of users; (b) different revision methods were introduced for the core and the advanced level, namely, a three-year revision cycle for the core level and continuous revision for the advanced level; (c) when the Classification is revised, patent documents are reclassified according to the amendments to the core and the advanced levels; (d) additional data illustrating classification entries or explaining them in more detail, such as classification definitions, structural chemical formulae and graphic illustrations, were introduced in the electronic layer of the Classification; (e) general principles of classification and classification rules were reconsidered and revised where appropriate. Industrial property offices are required to classify their published patent documents either at the core level or at the advanced level. The core level represents a relatively small and stable part of the eighth edition. It includes approximately 20,000 entries at hierarchically high levels of the Classification: sections, classes, subclasses, main groups and, in some technical fields, subgroups with a small number of dots. Revision amendments are not included in the core level of the IPC until its next edition. The core level is intended for classifying national patent collections containing patent documents issued by small and medium-sized industrial patent offices. The advanced level includes the core level and more detailed subdivisions of the core level entries. It contains approximately 70,000 entries in the eighth (2006) edition of the IPC. Revision amendments to the advanced level are prepared through an accelerated procedure and are periodically introduced into the advanced level. The advanced level is intended for classifying large patent collections belonging to the PCT minimum documentation and for use by large industrial property offices. More detailed information on IPC reform is available in the Guide to the eighth edition of the IPC (Volume 5 of this publication), in particular in paragraphs 11 to 14, 29 to 33, 44 to 52 of the Guide. In view of the stability of the core level during the three-year revision cycles, this printed publication of the eighth (2006) edition contains only the core level of the IPC. The complete eighth edition including the core and the advanced levels of the IPC, as well as its electronic layer, is available on the Internet on the WIPO IPC Web site (www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc). USER INFORMATION 1. The Guide to the International Patent Classification, which explains the layout, use of symbols, principles, rules and application of the Classification, appears in Volume 5 of this publication. 2. In order to assist the user, the text of the Classification is presented in such a way as to give some indication of the kind of changes it has undergone with respect to previous editions. 3. The following indications are used in this edition of the Classification: (a) Text in italics means that the entry in question, in relation to the seventh edition, either (i) is new, or (ii) has been changed (in wording or in hierarchical position) so that the scope of one or more groups was affected. The entry in italics is followed by an Arabic numeral 8 in square brackets (see under (b), below). (b) An Arabic numeral in square brackets (for example [4] or [7]), at the end of an entry, indicates the edition of the Classification where the entry was, in relation to the preceding edition, either (i) new, or (ii) changed (in wording or hierarchical position) so that the scope of one or more groups was affected. (c) One and the same entry may be followed by two or more Arabic numerals in square brackets (for example [4,7] or [2,4,6]). (d) The symbols of the seventh edition which do not appear in this publication have been either included in the advanced level of the eighth edition or deleted. Information relating to these symbols is available from the Internet version of the eighth edition (www.wipo.int/classification/ipc). SECTION H --- ELECTRICITY CONTENTS OF SECTION (References and notes omitted) H01 BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS.................................. 5 H03 BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY......................... 47 H01B Cables; Conductors; Insulators; Selection of H03B Generation of oscillations, directly or by materials for their conductive, insulating, or frequency-changing, by circuits employing active dielectric properties........................................................... 9 elements which operate in a non-switching H01C Resistors.......................................................................... 10 manner; Generation of noise by such circuits ................. 47 H01F Magnets; Inductances; Transformers; Selection of H03C Modulation...................................................................... 48 materials for their magnetic properties............................ 11 H03D Demodulation or transference of modulation from H01G Capacitors; Capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, one carrier to another ...................................................... 48 switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature- H03F Amplifiers....................................................................... 49 sensitive devices of the electrolytic type......................... 13 H03G Control of amplification.................................................. 50 H01H Electric switches; Relays; Selectors; Emergency H03H Impedance networks, e.g. resonant circuits; protective devices............................................................ 14 Resonators ...................................................................... 50 H01J Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps.................... 17 H03J Tuning resonant circuits; Selecting resonant H01K Electric incandescent lamps ............................................ 21 circuits ............................................................................ 51 H01L Semiconductor devices; Electric solid state H03K Pulse technique............................................................... 52 devices not otherwise provided for ................................. 21 H03L Automatic control, starting, synchronisation, or H01M Processes or means, e.g. batteries, for the direct stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations conversion of chemical energy into electrical or pulses.......................................................................... 54 energy.............................................................................. 26 H03M Coding, decoding or code conversion, in general ........... 54 H01P Waveguides; Resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type.......................................................... 28 H01Q Aerials............................................................................. 28 H04 ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION H01R Electrically-conductive connections; Structural TECHNIQUE................................................................ 56 associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements; Coupling devices; H04B Transmission................................................................... 56 Current collectors............................................................ 30 H04H Broadcast communication............................................... 57 H01S Devices using stimulated emission.................................. 33 H04J Multiplex communication............................................... 58 H01T Spark gaps; Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps; Sparking plugs; Corona devices; Generating H04K Secret communication; Jamming of ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases ................ 34 communication ............................................................... 58 H04L Transmission of digital information, e.g. telegraphic communication ...................................... 59 H04M Telephonic communication............................................. 61 H02 GENERATION, CONVERSION, OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER ............... 35 H04N Pictorial communication, e.g. television......................... 63 H04Q Selecting ......................................................................... 68 H02B Boards, substations, or switching arrangements for H04R Loudspeakers, microphones, gramophone pick-ups the supply or distribution of electric power..................... 35 or like acoustic electromechanical transducers; H02G Installation of electric cables or lines, or of Deaf-aid sets; Public address systems............................. 69 combined optical and electric cables or lines .................. 35 H04S Stereophonic systems...................................................... 70 H02H Emergency protective circuit arrangements .................... 36 H02J Circuit arrangements or systems for supplying or distributing electric power; Systems for storing H05 ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT electric energy................................................................. 37 OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR ...............................
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