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Ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Journey Would Not Have Been

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This journey would not have been possible without the dedicated support of my family, who I shall now thank as best as I am able: My mother, Carol Terry, whose tireless and loving care for my children over the past few years has made this endeavor possible. You have supported my pursuits, musical and otherwise, for many years and I cannot begin to give you the thanks that you deserve. I also thank my aunt, Lois McKenzie, for her help in caring for my family; my father, John F. Eros, who has always supported me in his own way; my brother, Louie, for his unique contributions to life; David and Sue Steeby, especially for their help in the final stages of this process; and Goodwin, who I am convinced has spent the last several months admonishing me to get back to work. Finally, I am grateful to my grandfathers, Professor Joseph F. Eros, Jr. and Dr. Louis Carbone, MD. You have been inspirational in many ways and I would dearly love to have just one more conversation with both of you. I would like to thank my committee chair, Dr. Marie McCarthy, who has provided invaluable insight on this project and has fundamentally changed my thinking about music education on more than one occasion. I also owe a debt of gratitude to Dr. Colleen Conway for her untiring support and guidance throughout my journey. You have always inspired me to believe that, even in difficult times, all things are possible. I must also thank Dr. Betty Anne Younker. Our many conversations over the past few years have challenged the depth and breadth of my thinking about music education. I have been truly ii fortunate to work with such wonderful mentors and I look forward to continuing our relationships into the future. I would also like to acknowledge Ann Marie Stanley, my best friend and colleague at the University of Michigan. We have grown together, throughout every step of this journey, so much so as to become nearly indistinguishable to our Michigan colleagues (hence our alternate identity as “John Marie”). I look forward to many more years of friendship and collaboration. I must also acknowledge my dear friend and confidant, Bruce Carter. You have given me counsel and encouragement for many years, and I have always known that I could go to you when things seemed darkest. Finally, I dedicate this work to my loving wife, Rebecca Steeby Eros, and to my precious daughters, Magdalena Catherine and Alexandra Carmen. We have faced many challenges, traveled many miles, shared many stories and songs, and spent entire lives together. This work, as with all of my work, belongs to you. I will love you, forever and for always, because you are my Dear Ones. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………….. ii LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………... ix LIST OF APPENDICES............................................................................................ x ABSTRACT............................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION................................................................................ 1 Personal Background..................................................................................... 3 Purpose of this Study..................................................................................... 4 Research Questions........................................................................................ 5 Teacher Career Cycle.................................................................................... 6 Second-Stage Teachers.................................................................................. 8 Urban Education............................................................................................ 9 Urban Music Education................................................................................. 10 Teacher Attrition............................................................................................ 12 Urban Teacher Attrition................................................................................. 13 Statement of the Problem............................................................................... 14 Theoretical Framework.................................................................................. 14 Research Methodology...................................................................................18 Definitions..................................................................................................... 19 Chapter Summary.......................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE............................................................. 21 Teacher Career Cycle..................................................................................... 22 Career Cycle Research in Music Education................................................... 26 Synthesis of Research on the Teacher Career Cycle..................................... 32 Second-Stage Teachers.................................................................................. 32 Urban Education............................................................................................ 41 Urban Second-Stage Teachers....................................................................... 42 Second-Stage Music Teachers....................................................................... 44 Synthesis of Research on the Second Stage................................................... 48 Urban Music Education................................................................................. 48 Synthesis of Research on Urban Music Education........................................ 57 Chapter Summary.......................................................................................... 58 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY............................................................................ 59 Research Questions........................................................................................ 59 Research Design............................................................................................ 59 Participants.................................................................................................... 60 iv Ethical Considerations................................................................................... 63 Data Collection.............................................................................................. 63 Background Survey........................................................................... 63 Email Journal..................................................................................... 64 Individual Interviews......................................................................... 65 Focus Group Discussion.................................................................... 66 Timeline for the Study................................................................................... 67 Trustworthiness............................................................................................. 67 Researcher as the Instrument of Inquiry............................................ 69 Data Collection Triangulation............................................................ 70 Focus Group...................................................................................... 70 Member Checks................................................................................. 71 Data Analysis and Interpretation................................................................... 72 Chapter Summary ......................................................................................... 75 CHAPTER IV PARTICIPANT PROFILES.............................................................. 76 Samantha........................................................................................................ 77 Upbringing......................................................................................... 77 Emigration.............................................................................. 78 Religious background............................................................ 79 Urban curiosity...................................................................... 80 Preservice........................................................................................... 81 Urban pursuit......................................................................... 81 Student teaching..................................................................... 83 Early Career and Current Teaching Situation.................................... 83 Summary............................................................................................ 86 Janis............................................................................................................... 86 Upbringing......................................................................................... 87 Preservice........................................................................................... 88 Sociology Double-Major....................................................... 88 Student Teaching................................................................... 90 Early Career and Current Teaching Situation.................................... 91 Summary............................................................................................ 93 Toni................................................................................................................ 94 Upbringing........................................................................................
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