Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Institute 2020 Annual Report

A Continuous Commitment

Creating a sustainable future for wildlife and for people around the world

A Contents The Need for Conservation WildCare Institute Overview 1 A Letter from the Directors 2 Never Takes a Day Off WildCare Institute Locations 4 WildCare Institute Centers 7 We are dedicated to conserving and caring Fieldwork from Missouri to Kenya 10 for animals. This commitment has never Restoring Ecosystems Through Reintroductions 14 Adapting Conservation Efforts to a COVID-19 World 16 wavered — not even in light of COVID-19. Advocacy and Research 20 The pandemic certainly presented us with Conservation Programs 22 Conservation Council 27 new challenges as international travel Donor Spotlight – A Gift to Help Conserve African Painted Dogs 27 Financial Highlights 28 became nearly impossible, lockdowns were Financial Overview 29 enforced and social distancing required us Donor Spotlight – A Helping Hand for Hellbenders 29 Center Partners 31 to rethink some of our fieldwork. However, Honor Roll 33 with help from our conservation partners, we were able to mitigate many challenges and pivot our efforts to help both animals and communities during COVID-19.

About the Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Institute The Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Institute is the field conservation branch of the Saint Louis Zoo. The WildCare Institute works with partners across the world to help animals and communities that are the most vulnerable. The ultimate goal of the WildCare Institute is to create a sustainable future for wildlife and for people around the world.

B 1 A letter from the Directors

Dear Friends, Then in mid-March, the Zoo had to shut its Malagasy master’s and Ph.D. students consisting of partnership, a devotion to doors to guests for 80 days. Zoo employees published papers and defended their wildlife and commitment. Our successes As it was with the rest of the world, in Ecuador, who were there for amphibian theses. Remote learning continued with are grounded in your support, whether 2020 was a year like no other for the conservation work, were called home to our partners in Saipan. Communication it is through a donation, a partnership, Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Institute. St. Louis, as our partners there also started and collaboration with Native American a collaboration or simply through the COVID-19 quarantine restrictions. In St. Louis, partners persisted through online sharing of our stories. Thank you for your January started out strong with the release the continuous integrated science program communications. There were advancements interest in the Saint Louis Zoo WildCare of 15 critically endangered addax antelope with the School District of University City had in advocacy efforts to address the wildlife Institute and for supporting our dedication in Chad. We awarded nine grants to Zoo to go on hold as schools across the nation trade and invasive species management. to create a sustainable future for wildlife employees to participate in conservation went to online classrooms. In Tanzania, our and for people around the world. work across the globe, including Armenia, Animal reintroduction, translocation partners at the Ruaha Conservation Project Ecuador, Kenya, the Pacific Islands, Peru and head-starting efforts still occurred reported record flooding compounding and Sumatra. Six additional Zoo employees among addax, Saharan red-necked ostrich, impacts from the pandemic. went to the remote area around Laisamis scimitar-horned oryx, hellbenders and in northern Kenya to participate in the Remarkably, however, our conservation American burying beetles. Field conservation Elizabeth Kelley, Ph.D. biennial Grevy’s zebra census, known as efforts persisted. research in Botswana progressed with Executive Director the Great Grevy’s Rally. The Saint Louis Zoo innovative, non-invasive methods for Saint Louis Zoo Multiple partners shifted their skills to focus WildCare Institute was one of only two zoological institutions mitigating conflict between African painted on local community health. For example, that sent a representative to the 2020 dogs and livestock farmers. Biodiversity the Grevy’s Zebra Trust’s Nkirreten Project Biennial Meeting of Parties in Longyearbyen, studies and a new canid project began switched from making reusable sanitary Norway. We were proud to have our at the Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Park. napkins for girls and women to making face WildCare Institute Arctic Program masks. In the Galápagos, those who had In closing, despite all of last year’s Bob Merz represented, as well as the Zoo’s trained through the decades on wildlife challenges, the conservation work of the Assistant Director commitment to polar bear conservation Saint Louis Zoo health pivoted their expertise to become WildCare Institute persevered. This is in and climate change solutions. WildCare Institute a COVID-19 testing site. large part due to the deep roots that have grounded the WildCare Institute,

2 3 WildCare Institute Locations

Polar Bears

Animals supported by WildCare Institute Centers

Animals supported by Conservation Programs funded by the WildCare Institute

Mountain Vipers Grevy’s Zebras

Addaxes Scimitar-Horned Oryx Saharan Red-Necked Ostriches Polar Bears

Congo Apes Hirolas North American Songbirds Okapis Black Rhinos Box Turtles Pollinators African Carnivores Snapping Turtles American Burying Beetles Hellbenders Botswana Painted Dogs Spring Peepers Black Rhinos Lemurs and White Rhinos Cuban Crocodiles

Andean Bears Pacific Island Birds Ecuadorian Amphibians Galápagos Birds, Tortoises Asian Turtles Orangutans Humboldt Penguins Asian Elephants Anoas, Babirusas, Bantengs Partula Snails

What is a Center? What is a Program?

A Center is an initiative that has focused Tasmanian Devils conservation efforts with long-term partnerships. A Program is an initiative that is either new or smaller in scope than a center.

4 5 17 Centers. One Goal.

The WildCare Institute is comprised of Centers, each of which is focused on particular animals and habitats that need our help. We follow three key pillars to guide our conservation efforts: wildlife management and recovery, conservation science, and support of the human populations that coexist with wildlife.

The Botswana Center for African Painted Dogs Through this Center’s primary partner, Botswana Predator Conservation, this Center is supporting work to minimize human/painted dog conflict, using innovative research that includes both fieldwork and chemical analyses in the laboratory. Learning more about scent marking in this species is the key to using artificial chemical signals to keep them safely inside protected wildlife areas.

Center for American Burying Beetle Conservation In decline due to habitat loss and fragmentation, American burying beetles are “nature’s recyclers”; they eat dead animals and release decomposing components back into the environment. Through this Center, Zoo employees raise the threatened species at the Zoo. Then, with help from Zoo volunteers, the beetles are released into the wild, where employees monitor their progress.

Center for Asian Elephant Conservation This Center and its partners focus on Asian elephant management, recovery and conservation science. Rewilding retired logging elephants in Myanmar and establishing corridor habitat in India are among ways this Center helps save endangered Asian elephants from extinction.

Center for Avian Conservation in the Pacific Islands The inspiration behind this Center was the accidental introduction of the brown tree snake on the island of Guam, which devastated the island’s forest bird species. Now, this Center helps save native birds by moving them to safe islands, among other conservation efforts.

Center for Avian Health in the Galápagos Islands The Galápagos Islands are home to unique species (including many species of birds) that can be found nowhere else. The growing effect of the human population and the introduction of diseases pose a threat to the wildlife on the islands. This Center helped develop the first-ever avian health program in the Galápagos.

6 7 Center for Chelonian Conservation Center for Conservation in Madagascar Headed by the Saint Louis Zoo Institute for This Center, through its core partner, the Madagascar Conservation Medicine, the Center team works Fauna and Flora Group, is spearheading research on to conserve turtles and tortoises by studying their population size, demographics, health and habitat health and movements. This research increases use of two critically endangered lemur species at our understanding of environmental factors that Betampona Natural Reserve in eastern Madagascar. affect the health of turtle populations and that The results will guide a management plan that aims may have implications for humans. to prevent their local extinction through translocations of unrelated groups into the reserve.

Center for Conservation of Carnivores in Africa Center for Conservation in Punta San Juan, Peru Africa is home to several endangered carnivores, Punta San Juan is home to the largest breeding including cheetahs, lions and hyenas. Part of colony of Humboldt penguins in Peru. The guano conserving carnivores in Africa is helping to of sea birds is often harvested and sold as fertilizer, mitigate conflicts that arise between communities but this can negatively affect penguins. This Center and animals. This Center works with several partners conducts an annual census of penguins and to find solutions so people can better coexist participates in sustainable guano harvests. with wildlife.

Center for the Conservation of Congo Apes Center for Conservation in Western Asia This Center is an evolution of the WildCare Institute’s Over the past 17 years, Saint Louis Zoo employees multi-year program support for the Goualougo have studied Armenian vipers, which have Triangle Ape Project in the Republic of Congo. The experienced population declines due to habitat ultimate goal is to develop conservation policies and loss, livestock grazing and persecution. The local leadership to ensure the long-term survival of Center’s research team continues to analyze the chimpanzees and gorillas in the Congo Basin. Armenian viper’s habitat use, genetic diversity and population structure both in the field and also at the Armenian Conservation Breeding Center.

Center for Conservation in Forest Park Center for Native Pollinator Conservation This Center utilizes Forest Park in St. Louis for Pollinators are critical for our lives. Many mistakenly conservation education. The Center works to get think that pollinators will always be around. more children outdoors, especially children in urban However, our actions of altering pollinators’ habitats areas who have limited access to parks. The Center’s and the misuse of pesticides have impacted many goal is to develop empathy in participating students species. This Center works to save pollinators by toward animals and nature through activities in the planting habitat and developing conservation and park, as well as classroom visits. education programs.

Center for Ecuadorian Amphibian Conservation Ron Goellner Center for Hellbender Conservation Amphibians are disappearing at an exponential rate, A Missouri native, the hellbender is the largest and Ecuador ranks third in the world for amphibian species of salamander in North America. Over the diversity. This Center and its partner are working to past 40-plus years, hellbender populations have conserve amphibians in Ecuador from extinction experienced a 70% decline. The Ron Goellner through field surveys, habitat protection, research Center for Hellbender Conservation established and conservation-breeding programs. a conservation breeding program to help save these unique amphibians.

Center for Conservation in the Horn of Africa Saharan Wildlife Recovery Center This Center plays a key role in sustaining critically This Center focuses on addressing the Sahara’s endangered species in Africa, particularly Grevy’s silent crisis of extinction by linking zoo expertise zebra. By supporting community-based coalitions and resources with conservation action. Work and establishing conservation, research and includes using animals raised in human care to education programs, this Center strikes a balance restore critically endangered species to the wild, between the needs of community members and like addax, Saharan red-necked ostrich and the imperiled existence of rare species. scimitar-horned oryx.

8 9 Fieldwork from Missouri to Kenya

Fieldwork not only provides our Zoo team with Martha Fischer, Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Animal care experts have also been studying the opportunity to collect important data and Park General Curator; Tim Thier, Curator of animals of the dog family, such as foxes and help save animals in the wild; it also provides Mammals/Antelope-River’s Edge; John Clark, coyotes, through strategically placed cameras opportunities for our team to see how natural Zoological Manager of the Children’s Zoo; across the WildCare Park. The photos collected environments function and deepens their and Children’s Zoo Keepers Jamie Lombardo, from these cameras tell researchers which appreciation for conservation and for the Nicole Brown, Maddison Syberg and species are present and may allow them to animals in their care. While COVID-19 required Cora Munroe were part of a 16-member team estimate the number of animals of each many conservation Centers to temporarily halt from seven different zoos accredited by the species using the property. The photos also or modify fieldwork, the pandemic couldn’t Association of Zoos and Aquariums to survey help researchers understand which parts stop us entirely! the northernmost subpopulation of zebras in of the property these native species prefer. remote Laisamis in northern Kenya. In 2020, the cameras took 32,000 photos Grevy’s Zebra Census in Kenya of wildlife. This event occurs every two years and is There are several areas of study, including organized by the Grevy’s Zebra Trust, one of health studies of aquatic turtles, as well as Other areas of study include birds, bats, the WildCare Institute’s long-time conservation surveys of coyotes and foxes. reptiles, invertebrates and plants. partners. By gathering data on the Grevy’s Leading the study of aquatic turtles are Zoo Wildlife Populations Increase and Sustainable zebra populations, we will be in a better employees representing the Center for Chelonian Guano Harvests Continue in Peru position to understand how to save them Conservation, who are experts in veterinary from extinction. and conservation medicine. Data collected Despite COVID-19 challenges and on the turtles include: the number of turtles country-wide restrictions in Peru, the Center Studying Biodiversity at the found (283 in 2020) and where they live on the for Conservation in Punta San Juan, Peru, and Grevy’s zebra are an endangered species; Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Park its partners were able to acquire a census of it is estimated that fewer than 3,000 of these property; the turtles’ exposure to environmental Our Zoo team is studying the native animals Humboldt penguins, Peruvian fur seals and animals are left in the wild due to competition toxins, like pesticides, lead and arsenic; and and plants living on and migrating through South American sea lions at Punta San Juan. with livestock, habitat loss and climate the presence of infectious diseases of the site of the Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Park, Happily, the animals’ numbers are at the change. To save these animals, Zoo team conservation concern. In 2020, researchers located in north St. Louis County. The WildCare highest they’ve been in the last four years, members representing the Center for discovered that the WildCare Park ponds Park, anticipated to open as early as 2026, with 1,256 Humboldt penguins, 2,004 Peruvian Conservation in the Horn of Africa participated support a large number of turtles from a variety will offer both public experiences and a fur seals and 5,332 South American sea lions in the Great Grevy’s Rally in northern Kenya of different species. Some turtles use multiple Conservation and Animal Science Center to recorded in 2020. in January and February 2020. ponds, moving from one pond to another and help advance our wildlife conservation efforts. traveling long distances. Most of the species Monitoring the animals’ populations helps During the Rally, scientists and citizens Data collected will allow the future WildCare are small, such as red-eared sliders, but the us gauge their health and conservation worked together to count the endangered Park operations to exist in harmony with native snapping turtles are the most impressive, status, especially for the penguins, which zebra population. animals and plants using this land. weighing up to 24 pounds. can be vulnerable to harvesting guano

10 11 Fieldwork from Missouri to Kenya 2020 Numbers at a Glance

illnesses, and our partners have been Rare Toad Discovered in Salinas, Ecuador implementing preventative health and safety measures for several years to reduce the 34 possibility of disease transmission between Gorillas habituated/monitored humans and wild ape populations. Due to by Congo partners COVID-19-related challenges, a new team was asked to assist with field monitoring at Mondika Gorilla Tracking to ensure the well-being of habituated gorillas. The team readily accepted this important task and learned an expansive network of forest trails and gorilla groups at Mondika. While these We often rely on local communities to assist 1,256 team members have extensive experience in us with monitoring and caring for wildlife. implementing health and safety protocols, Humboldt penguins (excrement) for fertilizer. The Center participates In 2020, local people in Salinas, Ecuador, in sustainable guano harvests to help the discovered rare Guanujo stubfoot toads counted in 2020 penguins, and was able to do so in 2020, with (Atelopus guanujo) in the wild. This is a major some safety modifications. Prior to entering accomplishment; this frog was last collected the Punta San Juan National Reserve, the in the wild in April 1988. These unique 100 guano harvest workers showed their rapid orange-brown toads have gone to Centro tests for the COVID-19 virus, and everyone Jambatu, an amphibian conservation wore masks and practiced social distancing organization that partners with the Center while working. for Ecuadorian Amphibian Conservation, 32,000 to start an assurance colony for the species. Monitoring Great Apes in the Photos of wildlife taken Republic of Congo for the WildCare Institute Canid Conservation Initiative As COVID-19 spread, wearing masks and social working in a different forest with new groups distancing became the norm. Fortunately, of apes is challenging. Thanks to the partners of the Center for the Conservation dedication of the field teams, chimpanzees of Congo Apes that are studying habituated and gorillas have been safely monitored western lowland gorillas in northern Republic at field sites during the pandemic. In all, of Congo were already familiar with these 34 gorillas are being habituated and/or practices. Apes can be susceptible to human monitored by our partners in Congo. 1988 The last time the rare Guanujo stubfoot toad (Atelopus guanujo) was discovered in the wild, before a local partnering Ecuadorian community discovered it in Salinas in 2020

12 13 Restoring Ecosystems Through 2020 Numbers at a Glance Reintroductions

Animal care is the heart of what we do. Part of everyone drove separately, remained socially Over 1,000 Hellbenders Released Into that care sometimes entails raising animals in distant on the three release sites and wore Native Ozark Rivers human care, then releasing them to the wild masks when they were in close proximity. 13,000 so they can help re-establish their wild American burying Critically Endangered Addax Antelope populations and bring balance to their Reintroduced in Chad beetles produced at the local ecosystems. Saint Louis Zoo The large white addax antelope now numbers American Burying Beetles Released fewer than 200 in the wild. In 2020, the In Southeast Missouri Saharan Wildlife Recovery Center and its partners worked to reintroduce addax to the wild in Chad using animals raised in human Behind the scenes at the Saint Louis Zoo’s care from UAE. Fifteen satellite-collared addax Charles H. Hoessle Herpetarium is a were released in January 2020; the collars 32-foot-long, man-made Missouri stream help animal care experts track the addax for breeding hellbenders. Zoo employees once released. An additional 25 addax were 97 representing the Ron Goellner Center for released in July 2020. Because of the Hellbender Conservation breed groups of American burying The Saint Louis Zoo is a world leader in caring pandemic, the team responsible for collaring adult hellbenders and head-start the young beetles released in for American burying beetles. As of 2020, these 25 animals was unable to enter the hellbenders for their eventual release into the Zoo’s colony has produced over 13,000 country. Ultimately, the decision was made to southeast Missouri Missouri rivers, their native home. In 2020, beetles. And for the last nine years, the Center release these animals without collars, while over 1,000 Ozark and eastern hellbenders were for American Burying Beetle Conservation has grazing conditions were still favorable. Despite released in Missouri river systems. The animals reintroduced them to their native Missouri the lack of telemetry to help locate this second were released by the Missouri Department of habitats, with an additional 19 years of cohort, the Chadian monitoring team has done Conservation, in cooperation with the Zoo and surveying for them in the wild. In June 2020, an admirable job of tracking their movements U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. To ensure social Bob Merz, Associate Director of the WildCare as they explore and mingle with the first cohort distancing, the animal transfers from our Institute; Invertebrate Keeper Renée Hazen; released. With calving underway, the number Zoo team to the Missouri Department of and Bird Keeper Melissa Miller were joined by of wild addax is now at 54 and growing in this Conservation herpetologist occurred in 40 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and released region of Chad. A third release of 25 more open-air parking lots. Crews releasing 97 American burying beetles at Taberville collared animals is planned for October/ Addax reintroduced hellbenders also were reduced and limited Prairie. All beetles were provisioned with a November 2021. The monitoring of these in Chad to two individuals per boat. Since 2008, dead quail and buried in underground chambers re-wilded addax is supported in part by more than 8,600 Zoo-raised endangered where they will raise their young. Due to a generous anonymous donation to the hellbenders (664 eastern and 7,977 Ozark) COVID-19 social distancing requirements, Saharan Wildlife Recovery Center. have been reintroduced to the wild in Missouri.

1,000 Hellbenders released into native Ozark rivers

14 15 Adapting Conservation Efforts to a COVID-19 World

When the pandemic hit, we knew there would stable source of food and the wonderfully Encouraging Tree Regrowth in the making face masks for communities in Kenya. be an impact on wildlife conservation efforts. weird characteristics of American burying Pacific Islands The Grevy’s Zebra Trust’s Nkirreten Project We also knew the pandemic would have a beetles. These happy hours were recorded usually makes reusable sanitary napkins for In 2015 and 2018, Super Typhoons Souledon dramatic effect on the communities that and are viewable at stlzoo.org/happyhours. girls and women in Samburu using zebra- and Yutu, respectively, caused widespread coexist with wildlife. Helping them mitigate striped material. In March 2020, the Trust’s Promoting Bird Conservation in the devastation in the Northern Mariana Islands, COVID-19 economic and health issues has seamstresses pivoted quickly from producing Pacific Islands via Virtual Education including the widespread loss of trees and been critical. Our Centers and partners were sanitary pads to producing reusable cloth other vegetation. Keri Lammering, Saint Louis able to mitigate several pandemic-related masks, which are given away free. The masks Zoo Conservation Education Liaison, was able challenges through ingenuity, years of are given to Grevy’s Zebra Trust team members to collaborate virtually with the Micronesia dedicated partnership and sheer tenacity. and their families, as well as to elderly and Islands Nature Alliance (MINA) to discuss any vulnerable people in the communities. STAYING CONNECTED VIRTUALLY support that the Center for Avian Health in In addition to the 5,000 masks sewn and the Pacific Islands could provide to help tree WildCare Virtual Happy Hours distributed, the seamstresses were also able regrowth. The Center was able to help with to make 600 reusable sanitary napkins. MINA’s Bring the Trees Back campaign, which supports native tree plantings around the Viruses and Vaccinations in Madagascar areas that were most heavily impacted by the typhoons. MINA discovered that early tree plantings were trampled by beachgoers and A top priority to help native birds in Saipan run over by vehicles. The Center was able to is to reach public school teachers and help install new fencing to help protect new students and encourage the birds’ tree plantings. To date, 697 trees have been conservation through education initiatives. In this era of social distancing, remaining planted at 13 different sites on Saipan. To reach students in a COVID-19 world, connected has never been more important. the Center for Avian Conservation in the HELPING COMMUNITIES STAY HEALTHY Throughout 2020, we hosted four virtual happy Pacific Islands and its partners created virtual AND OVERCOME CHALLENGES Madagascar has the dual distinction of being hours and invited guests age 21 and older to programs for K-12 students. These virtual one of the poorest nations in the world, while join us. As attendees sipped their adult Creating Reusable Face Masks for programs focused on aspects of ecological also one of the most biologically diverse. beverage of choice, Zoo employees representing Communities in Kenya and basic bird awareness. Another focus was The economic hardships from Madagascar’s different Centers shared stories about animals using community science apps that allow Face masks have become a health necessity COVID-19 lockdown were disproportionately and conservation work. These engaging happy the students to contribute by sharing their during the pandemic. Team members of the felt by the poor. Endangered species, killed for hours covered a variety of topics, including observations of birds, thus helping scientists Grevy’s Zebra Trust, a principal partner of the bushmeat, were also among its victims. Well Humboldt penguin censuses in Peru, helping with bird censusing. Center for Conservation in the Horn of Africa, before COVID-19, the Center for Conservation provide communities in Madagascar with a pivoted from making reusable sanitary pads to in Madagascar contributed to a program aimed

16 17 Adapting Conservation Efforts 2020 Numbers at a Glance to a COVID-19 World

at benefiting people and wildlife by reducing testing laboratory facility on the Galápagos Helping to Improve Food Security for Native pressure on Betampona Natural Reserve’s Islands, the Agency for Biosecurity Galápagos, Tribes via Pollinator Conservation endangered species as a source of protein became a site for COVID-19 testing. The Zoo’s 4 or income. Newcastle disease, a highly Senior Scientist and University of Missouri- WildCare Virtual Happy transmissible airborne avian virus, is the St. Louis Professor, Patty Parker, Ph.D., Hours hosted primary constraint on family chicken advised the local team that conducted this production in Africa. A Newcastle disease work during their initial phases and training. vaccination program targeting 12 villages Cheetah Children’s Book Issued to was initiated in May 2018 when the average Children with Reduced Access to Schools number of chickens owned by households Throughout 2020, the Center for Native was just over nine. That number increased Pollinator Conservation continued to prioritize steadily to an average of 23 by September the Native Foods, Native Peoples, Native 5,000 2020. Our objective was to demonstrate that Pollinators initiative, which helps develop vaccinations pay for themselves. Our next pollinator-related programs suited to the Reusable face masks made objective is to facilitate the cost and desires of partnering Native American nations from the Grevy’s Zebra Trust’s management of a Newcastle disease and tribes. Examples of outreach include Nkirreten Project vaccination program to the communities. supplying fruit and vegetable seeds to tribes Animal Care Experts Pivot Work and or developing education programs. Earlier in Help with COVID-19 Testing 2020, Center Director Ed Spevak, Ph.D., along with his Washington University Buder Center Cheetah Conservation Botswana, a partner of for American Indian Studies practicum the Center for Conservation of Carnivores in student, Eric Pinto (Zuni/Choctaw), visited the Africa, published a children’s cheetah book, Winnebago Tribe’s reservation in Nebraska. 23 “Xabe the Cheetah Hero,” which was funded While there, they met with the Ho-Chunk Food by the Center. The book was produced as an Sovereignty Task Force to discuss improving Average number of chickens adaptation in place of Cheetah Conservation food security and sovereignty and increasing owned by households Zoo employees representing the Center for Botswana’s reduced access to schools and pollinator habitat. They also supplied fruit participating in a Newcastle Avian Health in the Galápagos Islands were in students during the COVID-19 pandemic. and vegetable seeds to the tribe and installed disease vaccination program Ecuador in March 2020 and were sent home It tells the tale of a young boy who rescues a bee hotels around an apple orchard on the early due to the pandemic. The Galápagos cheetah cub from poachers. We hope it will reservation. Throughout the pandemic, (up from 9) Islands were soon on lockdown. Work soon inspire young people in Botswana to care for Dr. Spevak also collaborated virtually with pivoted to helping the community stay healthy wildlife. There will be 1,250 books going to representatives from various native tribes during COVID-19. The first animal disease schools across the country. about pollinators and food production. 8 Partnering native tribes that participate in pollinator conservation efforts

18 19 Advocacy and Research 2020 Numbers at a Glance

Our animal care experts, scientists, completed a novel analysis of wild elephant these cameras. African wild dog social and researchers and partners are dedicated to movement based on GPS tracking data. spatial organization focuses on shared solving conservation challenges. We take Specifically, he assessed how human activities scent-marking sites, where packs advertise their 7 action by conducting research in labs, in are affecting home-range size, distances moved occupation of home ranges, dispersers leave IUCN resolution co-sponsors the field, at the Saint Louis Zoo and among and movement in relation to human landscape scent messages for potential mates and dogs (including the Saint Louis Zoo), communities. We also strive to make our features. Results suggest that wild elephants that have lost their packs reunite with them. aiming to prevent invasive voices heard and advocate for animals and in Myanmar move more and have larger home Shared scent-marking sites are used by up to the habitats they need to survive. ranges in landscapes that are fragmented by six groups, and packs visit these sites multiple species in Madagascar agriculture. The analysis provides critical times daily; their most frequent activity after Motion Passed to Strengthen Conservation baseline understanding of the needs of elephants hunting. Some sites outlive the packs that use Protections in Madagascar and will be useful in determining area and space them and may secure range boundary locations Many of Madagascar’s plant and animal species, requirements for rewilding elephants. across generations. From camera trapping, like the highly endangered lemurs, are found behavioral scientists can study the complex Scientists Study COVID Anthropause Impacts nowhere else in the world. Invasive species interactions of various packs of painted dogs on Tortoise Health in the Galápagos Islands are a primary cause of biodiversity loss and throughout the seasons. 52,000 degradation of ecosystem function, especially Animal care experts representing the Center Planning Armenian Viper Blood Collections Estimated number of Asian in island ecosystems. When alien species are for Chelonian Conservation began a study to elephants in Southeast Asia accidentally introduced into a new ecosystem, examine COVID-19 anthropause impacts on The Saint Louis Zoo has supported conservation native species could be completely wiped out. tortoise health in the Galápagos Islands. In this and research in Armenia for over 17 years in 13 range countries The Saint Louis Zoo co-sponsored an International case, anthropause refers to when human activity and is a recognized leader for its husbandry Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) resolution, was reduced when the pandemic hit. As part and breeding of the Armenian viper at the which passed at IUCN Conservation Congress of this study, researchers collected samples to Charles H. Hoessle Herpetarium at the Zoo. 2020, to help biodiversity in Madagascar. assess hormonal and behavioral changes in Zoo employees representing the Center for The resolution calls upon the government of tortoises influenced by tourist presence. Conservation in Western Asia are making Madagascar and international invasive species plans to collect bloodwork from wild vipers. Studying African Painted Dogs’ specialists to take several steps to eliminate This bloodwork will help provide data on 8 Scent-Marking Sites threats of invasive alien species, including vipers pre- and post-brumation (a time when Wild dog packs that our government action and creating a countrywide Camera trapping at African wild dogs’ reptiles are dormant during low temperatures), partnering organization database and reporting system. shared scent-marking sites has given us as well as help us compare data on wild vipers new perspectives on these endangered, versus vipers in human care at the Zoo. is researching Studying Wild Elephant Movement in Myanmar social super-predators. Botswana Predator While this bloodwork was planned for 2020, The Center for Asian Elephant Conservation’s Conservation Trust, a partner of the Botswana it was postponed due to COVID-19 and is joint doctoral student, Aung Nyein Chan, recently Center for African Painted Dogs, is placing slated for 2022. 17 Years the Saint Louis Zoo has supported Armenian viper conservation in Asia

20 21 Conservation Programs

Action Indonesia Conservation Alliance (ABCA) since 2012. Asian Turtle Conservation Program Crocodile Conservation and Research in Cuba The ABCA works to tackle conservation threats Crocodiles are indicators of ecosystem health. using a multifaceted approach, which includes They are both apex predators (animals at the field research to better understand bear ecology top of the food chain with no natural predators) and distribution. It also uses engagement of and habitat engineers (organisms that create, local protected area management to establish modify or maintain habitats). Working with and scale conservation plans on population Cuban conservation experts, this Program monitoring and capacity-building projects. supports the conservation of the critically Arctic Program endangered Cuban crocodile, a flagship species for the conservation of the Zapata Swamp

Babirusa Asian box turtle ecosystem in Cuba. With ongoing field studies, habitat conservation efforts, and conservation- Indonesia is one of the world’s biodiversity A hot spot of turtle diversity, Southeast Asia breeding for population augmentation in the hotspots and three of its iconic species—anoa, boasts over 90 species. Many are evolutionarily wild, this Program is taking a One Health babirusa and banteng— are threatened with distinct and highly threatened. Asian freshwater approach to conservation in Cuba. extinction. The WildCare Institute supports turtles are harvested unsustainably to meet HUTAN – Kinabatangan Orangutan Action Indonesia, which was created in 2016 to demands from food, pet and medicinal trades, Conservation Programme ensure the long-term survival of these imperiled causing massive population declines. The Asian species in the wild and in human care. Action Turtle Conservation Program supports efforts Indonesia formed the first ungulate Global to develop sustainable assurance colonies, Species Management Plans and is utilizing this focusing on species from Vietnam. The Saint unique framework to take meaningful steps to Louis Zoo Department of Herpetology manages Polar bear conserve these unique species. five species of Asian turtles for the Association of Zoos and Aquariums through Species Survival Andean Bear Conservation Alliance The Zoo has partnered with six Alaska Native Plans (plans that help ensure sustainable villages to work toward a common goal of animal populations). The Zoo also collaborates climate change mitigation and polar bear with the Turtle Survival Alliance and the Asian conservation/co-management. Key priorities Turtle Program to further contribute to the also include education outreach and youth conservation of these imperiled taxa. support, subsistence awareness, and Traditional Ecological Knowledge awareness. Zoo employees regularly travel to villages Sumatran orangutan in Alaska to provide STEM (Science, HUTAN, a French NGO created by Drs. Isabelle Technology, Engineering and Math) and Lackman and Marc Ancrenaz, has been operating conservation-based educational programming. in Sabah, a Malaysian state in the northern part Andean bear The Zoo also offers free distance learning of Borneo, since 1998. Their primary area of programs with the villages to stay connected as Andean bears, an important flagship species for operation is the lower Kinabatangan floodplain, much as possible throughout the year. The Zoo the Tropical Andes ecosystem in South America, a biodiversity hotspot, harboring a remarkable works with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service face a number of threats, including habitat diversity of wildlife including iconic species and the Alaska Nannut Co-Management reduction and fragmentation, and high mortality such as the orangutan, proboscis monkey, Council to learn more about the status of caused by anthropogenic factors. The WildCare Bornean gibbon, Bornean elephant, clouded Alaska’s polar bears and polar bear research. Institute has supported the Andean Bear Cuban crocodile leopard, sun bear, eight species of hornbills,

22 23 Conservation Programs

and a wide array of other primates, birds, and promote planting native plants that support Annually, the Zoo sponsors World Okapi Day programs for Partula snails, in zoos around more incredible animal and plant life. HUTAN caterpillar food sources for songbird chicks, celebrations in St. Louis and in Democratic the world. Through this cooperative effort, the staff operate in many projects, including the encourage citizen science projects to aid Republic of Congo. At the Zoo, keepers share WildCare Institute provides funding for staff, orangutan research unit, elephant and hornbill in valuable research that helps support okapi conservation messages with guests; equipment for field surveys, the construction conservation teams, swiftlet recovery group, songbird conservation, and develop critical while in Africa, educational programming and and monitoring of predator exclusion reserves, reforestation unit, wildlife survey and protection partnerships that will amplify conservation 10K World Okapi Day races are sponsored in and reintroduction efforts. The Zoo has been teams, and environmental education programs. efforts. The Saint Louis Zoo also is a North five different villages within the okapi’s range. an active participant in reintroductions since All of these projects research and conserve American Songbird SAFE (Saving Animals From Thanks to the World Okapi Day events, an 2015 by providing both snails raised at the wildlife, as well as work with people and Extinction) program partner. The SAFE programs estimated 15,000 children and adults participate Zoo and employees to assist with their industries to foster peaceful sharing of the harnesses the collective expertise of zoos and across the four territories each year. reintroduction to the wild. habitats. The WildCare Institute began their resources to save species and promote Partula Snail Conservation Polar Bears International Program supporting HUTAN with the opening of the conservation efforts. Donn and Marilyn Lipton Fragile Forest and Okapi Conservation provides integral core program support, plus funding to help with primate surveys and monitoring orangutan corridor use including by bridges over manmade tributaries of the Kinabatangan River.

North American Songbird Program

Partula snail Okapi Partula snails once populated the South Pacific Okapis are an elusive relative of the giraffe, Islands, from Palau to the Society Islands, native only to the Democratic Republic of including Tahiti and Moorea. These snails, Congo. The Saint Louis Zoo is dedicated to however, experienced a devastating decline

the care of okapi in zoos and in the wild. when the predatory rosy wolf snails (Euglandina Polar bear The WildCare Institute supports the Okapi rosea) were introduced to the islands in the Northern cardinal Conservation Project with its work to secure 1970s as a form of biological control. The WildCare Institute partners with Polar Bears Many North American songbird populations a protected area for okapi in one of the most International (PBI)—a non-profit organization In 1990, the Zoo initiated the Partula Species are in drastic declines. In fact, it is estimated biologically diverse places on Earth, the dedicated to worldwide conservation of the Survival Plan (SSP) to manage the Partula that we have lost approximately 2.9 billion Ituri Forest. It also supports local communities polar bear and its habitat. The WildCare populations on a national scale, and Zoo songbirds throughout the U.S. and Canada by training and equipping wildlife guards, Institute supports PBI’s maternal den study employees continue to coordinate this plan. since 1970. This Program seeks to raise providing community assistance (clean water, conducted by scientists in Svalbard, Norway, The WildCare Institute works closely with the awareness of the threats to songbirds, such as medical services, school supplies, etc.) to the to document the denning behavior of polar International Partula Programme Conservation, building collisions, free-roaming cats and light people living next to the reserve, and offering bear mothers that are choosing to den on coordinated by the Zoological Society of pollution, just to name a few. Zoo employees conservation education. land, possibly sensing that the sea ice is too London, which is involved in breeding unstable for their dens.

24 25 Conservation Programs Donor Spotlight

A Gift to Help Conserve African Painted Dogs

Rhino Conservation Program The Tasmanian devil was once common Conservation Council In 1995, Donald Slavik founded The Donald Slavik Family throughout the island state of Tasmania; Foundation because he believed that living in peace with our however, the species has experienced a rapid The role of the Conservation natural world was the most important thing we as humans decline since the 1990s due to the rare devil Council is to provide the could do. In 2020, that ethos led to a $100,000 investment facial tumor disease that has spread throughout Saint Louis Zoo WildCare by the foundation into the Botswana Center for African Painted Dogs, whose central partner, the Botswana Predator the population. The Save the Tasmanian Devil Institute with greater insight Conservation Trust, works to minimize livestock predation Program (STDP) was established in 2003 by and understanding of the by African painted dogs and other African carnivores. Black rhinoceros the Tasmanian government in response to the conservation issues being addressed by the Zoo, and rapid decline of the animals. The STDP joined Compared to other predators in Africa, painted dogs have a The black rhino is critically endangered with forces with universities and zoos worldwide in to develop stronger advocacy very complex scent marking behavior. When a pack approaches approximately 5,000 black rhinos remaining their effort to halt the effects of this disease. among the Zoo’s boards for another’s territorial markers, they do not cross each other’s in the wild. The greatest threat to black rhinos its conservation mission. The WildCare Institute has provided financial bio-boundary. Through the support of The Donald Slavik Family is illegal poaching for their horns, which are The Council also provides support to the STDP since 2015. The Zoo has Foundation, the Center has been able to expand an innovative in demand for traditional medicine in Asia. financial oversight to the had ambassador devils in its care since 2016. approach that combines two different scientific disciplines— The horns are sold illegally on the black WildCare Institute budget. behavioral ecology in the field with the principles of chemistry These charismatic ambassadors help raise market and are currently valued to be worth We thank these members in the laboratory—to create a solution that will dramatically awareness about the challenges facing wild more than gold pound for pound—even for their service. reduce the threat of human and wild dog conflict. According Tasmanian devils. though rhino horn is made of keratin, the to Lisa Kelley, Ph.D., Executive Director of the Saint Louis Zoo same protein that makes up hair and Spring Peeper Program Patrick J. Moore, Chair WildCare Institute, “Conflict with humans due to fears that their livestock will be killed is the biggest threat for this endangered fingernails. The WildCare Institute supports Caryl Flannery, Vice Chair conservation initiatives for the black rhino in canid. The African Wild Dog Bioboundary Project could be the Michael Abbene Kenya and Zimbabwe. New waterholes and catalyst to save this species for the future.” Erica Agnew solar-powered water pumps have been The daughter of Donald Slavik, Susan Williams, serves as the Jeff Demerath installed in the Northern Rangelands Trust’s foundation’s trustee, along with her husband, Felix Williams. Rhino Sanctuary in the Sera Conservancy in Marguerite Garrick Susan has previously served on the Saint Louis Zoo northern Kenya. Here, anti-poaching teams Judith A. Harris Association Board of Directors, and she and Felix have been and rhino monitoring rangers protect the black advocates for the Saint Louis Zoo for many years. “We are Steve King rhinos that were reintroduced to the sanctuary so fortunate that Susan, Felix and The Donald Slavik Family Katie Lineberry in 2015. In Zimbabwe, the WildCare Institute Foundation share the same values and beliefs of the Saint supports the International Rhino Foundation’s Spring peeper Matt MacEwan Louis Zoo - that a world without wildlife is not one worth living Stop Poaching Now initiative by purchasing Charlie Merz in,” says Jeffrey Bonner, Ph.D., Dana Brown President & CEO. Based on a national study, there is an estimated equipment, such as binoculars, cameras 2 to 3% decline in frog and toad populations Stan Niemann, DVM The Saint Louis Zoo is grateful to The Donald Slavik Family and GPS devices, to support black rhino across the Midwest, which began in the 1990s. Mike Polleti Foundation for its support on our efforts to save this beautiful conservation and anti-poaching efforts. and unique canid species. Observations from local frog and toad Jason Sapp Save the Tasmanian Devil Program community science projects indicate a possible Thomas Tyler absence or decrease of three members of the Virgil Van Trease hylidae family (spring peepers, chorus frogs and cricket frogs) within the area of St. Louis. Mercedes Vasquez This Program’s goal is to identify, maintain and Tina VonderHaar increase current urban populations of these Susan Williams three local frog species via crowd-sourced monitoring and focused acoustical surveys Tasmanian devil The Williams family on safari in Africa to track frog populations.

26 27 Financial Highlights Financial Overview Donor Spotlight

A Helping Hand for Hellbenders

Funding Sources Expenses Funding Sources: $1,529,949 For the past eight years, the Edward K. Love Conservation Foundation has provided a helping The Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Institute has Conservation Activities: 73% 3%0% and extremely generous hand to the Saint Louis five primary funding sources, shown here. A majority of the WildCare Institute budget 4% Zoo to save endangered hellbenders. Missouri goes to direct support for conservation activity Endowment: 54% 10% in the field, or is directly related to the field. has the unique distinction of being the only This amount is the harvest from the endowment This covers not only the Centers’ individual state with both sub-species of this large aquatic that was created in 2003 by a $16,000,000 gift budgets but also includes any projects approved salamander—the Ozark and the Eastern. from the Saint Louis Zoo Friends Association through Field Conservation or Field Research (now the Saint Louis Zoo Association). An The Foundation has been a generous supporter Conservation Grants. Field Conservation and additional anonymous $100,000 gift, plus Field Research Conservation Grants are of the Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Institute and the unspent WildCare Institute funds from the first competitive grants that provide additional 54% Ron Goellner Center for Hellbender Conservation four years of the organization’s operations, 29% support for conservation projects in the field since 2013, providing more than $725,000 to have been added to the endowment. Additional and are eligible to any partner that collaborates this conservation project. “The Center is the first gifts from generous individuals have allowed the with a WildCare Institute Center or Program. in the world to successfully breed hellbenders endowed pool to grow, including the Guinn Conservation membership and range-country in human care. Since the Foundation began its Cheetah Fund, Dexter Conservation Field Work community engagement programs are also Fund and Hecker Conservation Fund. As of investment in our efforts, the Center team has included in this category. Endowment Harvest $ 830,325 54% released 8,633 hellbenders back into their native December 31, 2020, the WildCare Institute Charitable Gifts $ 439,874 29% Missouri water systems,” said WildCare Institute endowment has grown to over $30 million. Salaries and Fringe Benefits: 21% Carousel $ 150,269 10% This is the cost of salaries and fringe benefits Executive Director Lisa Kelley, Ph.D. Charitable Gifts: 29% Change For Conservation $ 65,133 4% (including pension, FICA, and insurance) Donations fund over one quarter of the Grants $ 39,348 3% associated with WildCare Institute employees. Other $ 5,000 0% Andrew “Andy” S. Love, Jr. is the lead member WildCare Institute’s wildlife conservation efforts. of the Board of Governors of the Foundation and While some of these donations are unrestricted, Consulting: 3% Total $1,529,949 100% has been a Zoo supporter and advocate though many support specific Centers and projects. Several Centers, such as the Center for These generous donors are listed separately Conservation in Madagascar and the Saharan the decades. Andy’s grandfather, Edward K. Love, in the 2020 Honor Roll section of the report. Wildlife Recovery Center, provide financial was a sportsman, financier and one of the early Funding comes from private individuals and support to contract employees, who serve Expenses Total: $1,529,949 members of the Missouri Conservation Commission, organizations. leading roles in managing in-range wildlife later renamed the Missouri Department of conservation research. 2% 1% Conservation. He established the Edward K. Love Mary Ann Lee Conservation Carousel: 10% 3% Conservation Foundation in 1938 to aid in the Proceeds from this attraction help support Travel: 2% protection and conservation of wildlife in Missouri. Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Institute conservation Cost of travel to field site locations and 21% initiatives in the U.S. and around the world. conservation meetings. The Foundation is recognized at the Zoo with We are forever grateful for Mary Ann Lee’s Other: 1% the Edward K. Love Conservation Foundation generosity. Includes cost of postage, satellite telephones Cypress Swamp exhibit in the 1904 World’s Change for Conservation: 4% and some small field equipment. Fair Flight Cage and was the recipient of the Saint Louis Zoo Award in 2004. We are deeply Our Change for Conservation program offers Zoo appreciative of the support of Andy Love and guests an opportunity to donate a dollar or more the Edward K. Love Conservation Foundation. to support conservation with select purchases.

Grants: 3% 73% The Zoo is fortunate to partner with government and private organizations that support our conservation efforts through grant funding, Conservation Activities $ 1,115,662 73% including the Missouri Department of Salaries & Fringe Benefits $ 320,798 21% Conservation’s ongoing support for our Consulting $ 43,981 3% hellbender and American burying beetle Travel $ 28,471 2% Other $ 21,037 1% conservation efforts. Total $ 1,529,949 100%

28 29 Center Partners

Botswana Center for African Principia School, Town and Country Center for Conservation Painted Dogs Tyson Research Center, Washington in the Horn of Africa Botswana Predator University in St. Louis AZA Giraffe Saving Animals From Conservation Trust Wildlife Rescue Center – St Louis Extinction Program Saint Louis University Department Grevy’s Zebra Trust Center for American Burying of Biology Houston Zoo Beetle Conservation Washington University in St. Louis Ishaqbini Hirola Community Missouri Department of Conservation Turtle Survival Alliance Conservancy The Nature Conservancy Wildlife Conservation Society IUCN Antelope Specialist Group U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Kalama Community Wildlife Center for Conservation Conservancy Center for Asian Elephant of Carnivores in Africa Kenya Wildlife Service Conservation Cheetah Conservation Botswana Laikipia Forum International Elephant Foundation Cheetah Conservation Fund-Namibia Lewa Wildlife Conservancy IUCN Asian Elephant Specialist Group Lion Landscapes-Ruaha Carnivore Marwell Wildlife AZA Asian Elephant Saving Animals Project - Kenya/Tanzania From Extinction Program Mpala Research Centre Range Wide Conservation Program Northern Rangelands Trust Smithsonian Conservation for Cheetah and African Wild Dogs Biology Institute Princeton University Tanzania Carnivore Center Wildlife Trust of India Ruko Community Wildlife Tanzania National Parks Association Conservancy and Giraffe Sanctuary Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute Center for Avian Conservation Sera Wildlife Conservancy and in the Pacific Islands Wildlife Conservation Society Rhino Sanctuary Association of Zoos and Aquariums Zoological Society of London Wild Me Commonwealth of the Northern WildBook Center for Conservation Mariana Islands’ Division of Fish of Congo Apes Wildlife Direct and Wildlife Goualougo Triangle Ape Project Pacific Bird Conservation Center for Conservation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Madagascar Center for Conservation in Forest Park Association Vahatra Center for Avian Health in the Atsinanana Region, Madagascar Forest Park Forever Galápagos Islands Centro de Investigação em St. Louis Department of Parks Agency of Biosecurity for Galápagos Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos The School District of University City Charles Darwin Foundation CIBIO/InBio Galápagos National Park Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund University of Missouri-St. Louis Center for Ecuadorian Amphibian Durrell Institute of Conservation and Zoological Society of London Conservation Ecology, Kent University Fundacion Jambatu Global Environment Facility Center for Chelonian Missouri Botanical Gardens IUCN Environmental Law Centre Conservation Universidad TecnÓlogica Indoamerica Charles Darwin Foundation IUCN Invasive Species Ecology Project International Ron Goellner Center for Specialist Group Galapagos Conservation Trust Hellbender Conservation IUCN SOS Lemurs Galapagos National Park Directorate Arkansas Game & Fish Madagascar Fauna and Flora Group Houston Zoo Missouri Department of Conservation Mahaliana Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ozark Hellbender Working Group Madagascar Institute for Conservation of Tropical Environments Universidad Europea de Madrid U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Madagascar National Parks Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior Madagascar Voakajy Forest Park Forever Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development, Little Creek Nature Area Ferguson- Madagascar Florissant School District

30 31 Center Partners Honor Roll How You Can Help

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Native tribes such as the Center for Conservation Charitable gifts and grants $4,999 – $2,500 As you have seen through this Fisheries, Madagascar Ho-Chunk/Winnebago Tribe and in Western Asia received from generous Mrs. Kay Drey CISCO (School authorities), Omaha Nation, Confederated Detroit Zoo donors in 2020 in support Mr. & Mrs. Patrick J. Moore report, the Saint Louis Zoo Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the of the Saint Louis Zoo Madagascar Los Angeles Zoo Dr. Libby M. Yunger WildCare Institute accomplished Flathead Nation, Meskwaki WildCare Institute to be Missouri Botanical Garden Ministry of Nature Protection-The Department of Natural Resources, utilized immediately or in a great deal and overcame many MRSN Museo Regionale di Republic of Armenia $2,499 – $1,000 the Thunder Valley Community the future. Michael T. & Scienze Naturali Missouri Botanical Garden hurdles in 2020. This vital work Development Corporation, Patricia T. Abbene Saint Louis University Republican Veterinarian-Sanitarian Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Major Gifts Mr. & Mrs. William Forsyth has been undertaken and Tany Meva and Quapaw Nation and Phytosanitarian Center of 100,000 & Above John Henry Foster & Laboratory Service (SNCO) completed through strategic United Nations Environment Nebraska Indian Community College Edward K. Love Bernadine Programme Scientific Center of Zoology and Conservation Oglala Lakota Tribe Foster Foundation partnerships, our team’s University of Antananarivo Hydroecology of the National Foundation Pawnee Nation College Irene & Bob Gulovsen expertise and passionate donors. University of Missouri-St. Louis Academy of Sciences of Armenia The Donald Slavik Family Seed Savers Exchange Foundation Maureen K. Hamilton University of Toamasina Sedgwick County Zoo St. Louis Art Museum George & Victoria Hubbell We simply could not have done The Scientific Center of Zoology and Washington University-Living St Louis Audubon Society Special Gifts Hydroecology of the National Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth A. it without you. Earth Collaborative Johnson The City of St. Louis and local Academy of Sciences of Armenia $49,999 – $25,000 World Commission on communities Mr. & Mrs. Gabriel Mesker Park Zoo AAZK Environmental Law Toledo Zoo By using the enclosed response The Nature Conservancy Ferguson Dr. Robert Eric Miller & World Wildlife Fund-Armenia Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Mr. Chris G. Zacher Dr. Mary Jean Gorse envelope, you become even more Center for Native Pollinator Initiative Phillip & Tiffany Zacher Richard & Verla Mitchell Conservation of a conservation champion— Mr. & Mrs. Roger C. Zacher James L. & Lisa W. Nouss Ameren MO Center for Conservation Ms. Lynn Zacher-Davis & Frederick Pitzman Fund for an animal, an ecosystem and Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds in Punta San Juan, Peru Mr. Dennis Davis Mrs. William A. Sippy our world. Your gift will make a Center for Rural Affairs Christ ACOREMA William T. & Covenant Church Áreas Costeras y Recursos Marinos, $24,999 – $10,000 Darlene Skaggs difference today and for future Mrs. Ann L. Case DJM Ecological Services Pisco – Perú Mr. & Mrs. Virgil VanTrease generations. For more information Eastern Missouri Beekeepers Association of Zoos and Aquariums Chicago Zoological Society Association Center for Environmental Mrs. Karen A. Goellner $999 – $250 on contributing to the work of the Greenscape Gardens Sustainability at the Cayetano Mrs. Patricia G. Hecker Akron Zoological Park WildCare Institute, please visit Grow Native Heredia University Mr. Charles J. Hess Ms. Nancy W. Benson Honey Bee Health Coalition Cayetano Heredia University Kansas City Zoo Ms. Karla Carter stlzoo.org/wildcare or contact Kathryn Buder Center for American Local Peruvian governmental agencies Mr. Steven B. King & Mr. Wouter Bollen the Saint Louis Zoo Development Indian Studies-Washington Sedgwick County Mr. & Mrs. Thomas A. University Keystone Monarch Saharan Wildlife Recovery Center Zoological Society, Inc. Hutton Office at (314) 646-4691. Collaborative Fossil Rim Wildlife Center Stone Hill Winery Joel S. & Joanne Iskiwitch Lutheran Indian Ministries The Wilds Woodland Park Zoo Mr. Patrick J. Kleaver Makoce Agricultural Development Smithsonian National Zoo Ms. Beverly Zacher Mr. Brock M. Lutz Missouri Department of Transportation Smithsonian Conservation Jason D. & Abigail J. Sapp Missouri History Museum Missouri Biology Institute $9,999 – $5,000 Roland & Marylyn Schiller Humanities Council The Living Desert Anonymous – 2 Ms. Patricia Taillon-Miller Photography by: Missouri Prairie Foundation The Republic of Chad Kaye Campbell-Hinson & Tennessee Aquarium, Inc. Roger Brandt, Christopher Carter, Luis Coloma, Phil Hinson Missourians for Monarchs The Republic of Niger Ms. Sally Terrace & Justin Elden, Martha Fischer, Steven Hailes, Ms. Martha R. Kratzer Mr. Alfred Henneboehle Monarch Watch Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi, Kevin Kampwerth, Ray Meibaum, Milwaukee County Zoo United Arab Emirates Ms. Deborah K. Werner Fidy Rasambainarivo, Ed Spevak, JoEllen Toler, Dickerson Park Zoo Mr. & Mrs. Craig D. Wood Megan Turner, Robin Winkelman, and many other Saint Louis Zoo employees and partners. Milwaukee County Zoo AZA Struthioniformes Taxon Managing Editor: Advisory Group Rebecca McMiller AZA Antelope Taxon Advisory Group Designed by: Yank and Limey, Inc.

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