FREE CATS: 70 DESIGNS TO HELP YOU DE-STRESS PDF

none | 72 pages | 16 Jul 2015 | Octopus Publishing Group | 9780600633006 | English | London, United Kingdom Browsing Relaxing

Home Discussions Workshop Market Broadcasts. Change language. Install Steam. Your Store. Browse Browse. Browsing Relaxing Browse the newest, top selling and discounted Relaxing products on Steam. New and Trending. Top Sellers. What's Popular. Top Rated. Results exclude some products based on your preferences. PuzzleExplorationFirst-PersonAbstract. CatsRelaxingPuzzleCasual. ActionFemale ProtagonistAdventureSingleplayer. CasualBeat 'em upCute3D Fighter. RacingDrivingSportsPhysics. SimulationTrainsRealisticSingleplayer. CasualVisual Novel2DAnime. SimulationRealisticCasualSingleplayer. CasualInvestigationCats: 70 Designs to Help You De-StressHidden Object. Walking SimulatorSurrealUndergroundShort. AtmosphericCasualRelaxingMinimalist. SimulationCasualIndieTrains. No results Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress. Showing 1 - 15 of results. Browse All New Releases. SimulationFarming SimMultiplayerAgriculture. SimulationBuildingSingleplayerRealistic. SimulationTrainsSingleplayerRealistic. SimulationBuildingFamily FriendlyManagement. Free to Play. FishingFree to PlaySimulationMultiplayer. Free To Play. EducationSimulationImmersive SimBuilding. SimulationCasualIndieSingleplayer. Showing 1 - 15 of 2, results. Browse All Top Sellers. AgricultureMultiplayerSimulationCasual. Browse All Time Most Popular. RelaxingCity BuilderStrategyPuzzle. CasualIndieSandboxBuilding. Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-StressIndieExplorationCute. RelaxingAtmosphericUnderwaterExploration. IndieFlightRelaxingCasual. CasualIndiePuzzleRelaxing. PuzzleIndieCasualSingleplayer. Parkour3D PlatformerRelaxingShort. SimulationIndieCasualRelaxing. Free to PlayRelaxingSimulationCasual. Find More AdventureIndieCasualAtmospheric. CasualExplorationSandboxGod Game. IndieGreat SoundtrackExplorationAgriculture. SimulationSingleplayerCasualAutomobile Sim. SimulationCasualSingleplayerRelaxing. IndieCats: 70 Designs to Help You De-StressRealisticCrafting. SimulationManagementBuildingStrategy. Browse All Upcoming Releases. Narrow By Tag Casual 1, Indie 1, Singleplayer 1, Puzzle 1, Atmospheric Family Friendly Simulation Adventure Colorful Cute Strategy Recommended Specials. See All Specials. View all. Gifting on Steam The Steam Community. Support Forums Stats. All rights reserved. All trademarks are property of their respective owners in the US and other countries. VAT included in all prices where applicable. View mobile website. Flight review: Hawaiian Airlines A First Class BOS-HNL

Slow are a group of several of nocturnal strepsirrhine that make up the Nycticebus. Found in Southeast Asia and bordering areas, they range from Bangladesh and Northeast India in the west to the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines in the east, and from Yunnan province in China in the north to the island of Java in the south. Although many previous classifications recognized as few as a single all-inclusive species, there are now at least eight that are considered valid: the Sunda slow N. The group's closest relatives are the slender lorises of southern India and . Their next closest relatives are the African lorisidsthe pottosfalse pottosand . They are less closely related to the remaining lorisoids the various types of galagoand more distantly to the lemurs of Madagascar. Their evolutionary history is uncertain since their fossil record is patchy and molecular clock studies have given inconsistent results. Slow lorises have a round head, a narrow snout, large eyes, and a variety of distinctive coloration patterns that are species-dependent. Their arms and legs are nearly equal in length, and their torso is long and flexible, allowing them to twist and extend to nearby branches. The hands and feet of slow lorises have several adaptations that give them a pincer-like grip and enable them to grasp branches for long periods of time. Slow lorises have a toxic bite, a trait rare among and unique among the primates. Their toxic bite, once thought to be primarily a deterrent Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress predators, has been discovered to be primarily used in disputes within the species. The secretion from the arm contains a chemical related to cat allergenbut may be augmented by secondary toxins from the diet in wild individuals. Slow lorises move slowly and deliberately, making little or no noise, and when threatened, they stop moving and remain motionless. Their only documented predators—apart from humans—include snakes, changeable hawk-eagles and orangutansalthough cats, viverrids and sun bears are suspected. Little is known about their social structure, but they are known to communicate by scent marking. Males are highly territorial. Slow lorises reproduce slowly, and the infants are initially parked on branches or carried by either parent. They are omnivoresCats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress small , fruit, tree gumand other vegetation. The three newest species are yet to be evaluated, but they arise from and further reduce the ranks of what was thought to be a single "vulnerable" species. All four of these are expected to be listed with at least the same, if not a higher-risk, . All slow lorises are threatened by the and habitat loss. Their habitat is rapidly disappearing and becoming fragmentedmaking it nearly Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De- Stress for slow lorises to disperse between forest fragments; unsustainable demand from the trade and from traditional medicine has been the greatest cause for their decline. Deep-rooted beliefs about the supernatural powers of slow lorises, such as their purported abilities to ward off evil spirits or to cure wounds, have popularized their use in traditional medicine. Despite local laws prohibiting trade in slow lorises and products, as well as protection from international commercial trade under Appendix Islow lorises Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress openly sold in markets in Southeast Asia and smuggled to other countries, such as Japan. Due in part to the large eyes that are an adaptation to their nocturnal lifestyle, they have also been popularized as ' cute ' pets in viral videos on YouTube. Slow lorises have their teeth Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress or pulled out for the pet trade. They make poor pets as they are nocturnal, have specialized diets, are difficult to care for, and often die from infection, blood loss, improper caring and handling or inadequate nutrition. Slow lorises genus Nycticebus are strepsirrhine primates and are related to other living lorisoidssuch as slender lorises Lorispottos Perodicticusfalse Pseudopottoangwantibos Arctocebusand galagos family Galagidaeand to the lemurs of Madagascar. The species is named? Nycticebus linglomusing open nomenclature the preceding "? American zoologist Dean Conant Worcesterdescribing the Bornean slow loris in The earliest known mention of a slow loris in scientific literature is fromwhen Dutchman Arnout Vosmaer Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress described a specimen of what we know today as N. The French naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffonlater questioned Vosmaer's decision to affiliate the animal with , arguing that it was more closely aligned with the lorises of Ceylon now Sri Lanka and Bengal. This etymology was later supported by the physician William Baird in the s, who noted that the Dutch word loeris signified "a clown". Inthe Dutch physician and naturalist Pieter Boddaert was the first to officially describe a species of slow loris using the name Tardigradus coucang. Rehn clarified in that Linnaeus's name actually referred to a . Several more species were named aroundincluding Nycticebus menagensis originally Lemur menagensis by Richard Lydekker in [35] and Nycticebus pygmaeus by John James Lewis Bonhote in They based their decision on an analysis of cranial morphology and characteristics of pelage. Intwo taxonomic synonyms formerly recognized as of N. Rachel Munds, Anna Nekaris and Susan Ford based these taxonomic revisions on distinguishable facial markings. Slow lorises have a round head [57] because their skull is shorter than in other living strepsirrhine. The foramen magnum hole through which the spinal cord enters faces directly backward. The ears are small, [8] sparsely covered in hair, and hidden in the fur. Unlike the slender lorises, however, the white stripe that separates the eye rings broadens both on the tip of the nose and on the forehead while also fading out on the forehead. The eyes of slow lorises are forward-facing, which gives stereo vision. Their eyes are large [22] [65] and possess a reflective layer, called the tapetum lucidumthat improves low-light vision. It is possible that this layer blurs the images they see, as the reflected light may interfere with the incoming light. They lack the opsin gene that would allow them to detect short wavelength light, which includes the colors blue Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress green. The dental formula of slow lorises is 2. The sublingua extends below the tip of the tongue and is tipped with keratinizedserrated points that rake between the front teeth. Slow lorises have relatively large maxillary canine teeth, their inner mesial maxillary incisors are larger than the outer distal maxillary incisors, and they have a diastema gap between the canine and the first premolar. The first mandibular premolar is elongated, and Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress last molar has three cusps on the crownthe shortest of which is near the back. The bony palate roof of the mouth only goes as far back as the second molar. Slow lorises range in weight from the Bornean slow loris at grams 9. Unlike galagos, which have longer legs than arms, slow lorises have arms and legs of nearly equal length. Slow lorises have a powerful grasp with both their hands and feet due to several specializations. The second digit of the hand is short compared to the other digits, [63] while on the foot, the fourth toe is the longest. Since they consume a relatively high-calorie diet that is available year-round, it has been proposed that this slow is due primarily to the need to eliminate toxic compounds from their food. For example, slow lorises can feed on Gluta bark, Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress may be fatal to humans. Slow lorises are found in South and Southeast Asia. Their collective range stretches from Northeast India through Indochinaeast to the Sulu Archipelago the small, southern islands of the Philippinesand south to the island of Java including BorneoSumatraand many small nearby islands. There are currently eight recognized species. The N. Slow lorises range across tropical and subtropical regions [88] and are found in primary and secondary rainforestsas well as bamboo groves and mangrove forests. In general, encounter rates are low; a combined analysis of several field studies involving transect surveys conducted in South and Southeast Asia determined encounter rates ranging from as high as 0. Little is known about the social structure of slow lorises, but they generally spend most of the night foraging alone. Such a social system is distinguished by a lack of matriarchy and by factors that allow the slow loris to remain inconspicuous and minimize energy expenditure. Vocal exchanges and alarm calls are limited; scent marking with urine is the dominant form of communication. To make contact with other individuals, they emit a single high-pitched rising tone, and females use a high whistle when in estrus. Slow lorises are slow and deliberate climbers, and often hold on to branches with three of their four limbs. Due to their slow movement, all lorises, including the slow lorises, have a specially adapted mechanism for defense against predation. Their slow, deliberate movement hardly disturbs the vegetation and is almost completely silent. Once disturbed, they immediately stop moving and remain motionless. If cornered, they may adopt a defensive posture by curling up and lunging at the predator. Documented predators include snakes, the changeable hawk-eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus[] and Sumatran orangutans Pongo abelii. Slow lorises produce a secretion Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress their brachial gland a scent gland on the upper arm near the axilla that is licked and mixed with their saliva. In tests, three predators—binturongs, clouded leopards Neofelis nebulosaand sun bears—retreated or showed other signs of displeasure when presented with cotton swabs anointed with a mixture of the toxic secretion and the saliva, whereas the toxic secretion alone generated mild interest. Before stashing their offspring in a secure location, female slow Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress will lick their brachial glands, and then groom their young with their , depositing the toxin on their fur. When threatened, slow lorises may also lick their brachial glands and bite their aggressors, delivering the toxin into the wounds. Slow lorises can be reluctant to release their bite, which is likely to maximize the transfer of toxins. This toxic bite is a rare trait among mammals and unique to lorisid primates. Studies suggest that slow lorises are polygynandrous. A seven-year study of captive-bred pygmy slow lorises showed a skewed sex distribution, with 1. Breeding may be continuous throughout the year. In captivity, they can live 20 Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress more years. Slow lorises are omnivoreseating insects and other arthropodssmall birds and reptiles, eggs, fruits, gumsnectar and miscellaneous vegetation. The marks remaining after gouging can be used by field workers to assess loris presence in Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress area. Captive pygmy slow lorises also make characteristic gouge marks in wooden substrates, such as branches. The secretion from the brachial gland of captive slow lorises is similar to the allergen Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress cat danderhence the secretions may merely elicit an allergic reaction, not toxicosis. Slow loris venom was known in folklore in their host countries throughout southeast Asia for centuries, but dismissed by western science until the s. Animal dealers in Southeast Asia keep tanks of water nearby so that in case of a bite, they can submerge both their arm and the slow loris to make the animal let go. It is thought all nine recognised species of this small-bodied nocturnal are venomous. They possess a dual composite venom consisting of saliva and brachial gland exudate, a malodourous fluid forming from an apocrine sweat gland on the animal's forearm. Both fluids have been demonstrated as being venomous individually and creating a more potent venom when mixed. Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress loris brachial gland exudate BGE has been shown to possess up to volatile components, and possesses a variant of the cat allergen protein Fel-D1. The BGE has several ecological functions including anti-parasitic defence and communication. Slow loris saliva has been shown to be cytotoxic to human skin cells in laboratory experiments without the admix of BGE. The venom is administered through morphologically distinct dentition in the form of an adapted toothcomb. Slow loris - Wikipedia

During the last decade it has become more widely accepted Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress pet ownership and animal assistance in therapy and education may have a multitude of positive effects on humans. Here, we review the evidence from 69 original studies on human-animal interactions HAI which met our inclusion criteria with regard to sample size, peer-review, and standard scientific research design. Among the well-documented effects of HAI in humans of different ages, with and without special medical, or mental health conditions are benefits for: social attention, social behavior, interpersonal interactions, and mood; stress-related parameters such as cortisol, heart rate, and blood pressure; self-reported fear and anxiety; and mental and physical health, especially cardiovascular diseases. Limited evidence exists for positive effects of HAI on: reduction of stress-related parameters such as epinephrine and norepinephrine; improvement of immune system functioning and pain management; increased trustworthiness of and trust toward other persons; reduced aggression; enhanced empathy and improved learning. We propose that the activation of the oxytocin system plays a key role in the majority of these reported psychological and psychophysiological effects of HAI. Oxytocin and HAI effects largely overlap, as documented by research in both, humans and animals, and first studies found that HAI affects the oxytocin system. As a common underlying mechanism, the activation of the oxytocin system does not only provide an explanation, but also allows an integrative view of the different effects of HAI. During the last decades, animal assistance in therapy, education, and care has greatly increased. Today, the value of animal-assisted interventions [AAI, including animal-assisted therapy AAT and activities] Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress widely acknowledged. In the light Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress the rapid development of the practice of AAI, research evaluating the effects of AAIs as well as studies investigating the basic effects of human-animal interaction HAI and the underlying mechanisms seem to lag behind. Still, there is already quite a body of scientific literature on this topic. However, this is spread out over a number of journals and fields, constraining an integrative view. Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress the following, we will provide an overview of studies assessing effects of AAI as well as pet ownership which meet certain scientific criteria. In addition, we propose a common underlying mechanism for the majority of the positive effects of HAI: i. This system can be linked directly to many of the observed physiological effects of HAI and may also be indirectly associated with the other, mainly psychological, effects. Thereby, we provide a coherent body of theory for integrating the diverse endocrinological, psychophysiological, and psychosocial effects of HAI found in different studies. Furthermore, we give a well-founded overview of scientifically documented effects of HAIs which today are a quite popular topic in the general literature, as are first speculations on underlying mechanisms including the oxytocin system e. We will start our rationale with a review of the literature on effects of HAI and thereafter we will present a short overview of the oxytocinergic system and its psychophysiological effects. We propose that oxytocin OT release may contribute to explain many of the effects of HAI documented by the studies included in our review. In this review we focus on the effects of HAI on psychosocial variables such as empathy and social interactions and on human physical and mental health, including effects on hormones and the autonomic nervous system assessed via variables such as heart rate or blood pressure. Effects could result from either companion animal ownership or animal contacts, in experimental settings or animal-assisted interventions. Studies not directly related to these topics were excluded, for example, on pet ownership and attitudes toward smoking, or other variables which could indirectly influence health or social contacts e. Furthermore, we excluded the following contexts: reports on relations between human personality and animal-related issues; the link between animal abuse and interpersonal violence; attitudes toward pets in general or in connection with animal welfare. The prime criterion for inclusion was the publication of the original research in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Mainly Medline and PsychLit Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress used for the article searches. The second criterion was that the study design allowed to attribute any effect found with a high probability to the animal interaction rather than to any other possible confounding variable. Hence, studies with a pre-post- measurement design, but without control group were excluded. The third criterion for inclusion was a sample size of at least 10 subjects per group. Interacting with animals influences social interaction between humans and related factors important in this respect, such as trust, empathy, aggression, and a positive mood. A relatively large body of research investigated the effect of a friendly animal on the perception of the human in its company and on the stimulation of social behavior. Hart et al. Wells studied the behavior of strangers toward a female experimenter in six different conditions: accompanied by a Labrador retriever pup, by an adult Labrador, by an adult Rottweiler, being in the presence of a teddy bear or a plant, or being alone as control conditions. In the alone condition, the experimenter was ignored more than with the teddy or plant, but got more attention in the company of a dog. The Rottweiler led to more non-responses than the pup or the adult Labrador, which elicited most smiles and verbal responses. Also, in a classroom of first-graders, the presence of a dog was associated with increased attention toward the teacher in comparison to class in the absence of the dog Kotrschal and Ortbauer, Interaction with an animal is per se a form of social behavior. The following research assessed the effect of animal presence on this aspect without further investigating effects in interpersonal behavior. Children with autism interacted most frequently and for the longest periods with a real dog in comparison to objects or a person Prothmann et al. Also children with pervasive developmental disorders including autism were more playful in interaction with a live dog compared to toys, and also more aware of their social environment in the presence of the dog Martin and Farnum, The following studies focused on the facilitation of interpersonal interaction by the presence of an animal, the social catalyst effect. Among children with autism the presence of a dog during occupational therapy was associated with greater use of language and more social interaction Sams et al. Similarly, therapeutic riding enhanced social motivation of children with autism Bass et al. In adult patients with chronic schizophrenia dog-assisted therapy was linked to improvement in social contact, symptoms, and quality of life related to social relationships, but in comparison to a control group without a dog differences were not significant Villalta-Gil et al. This included smiles, sociability, helpfulness toward others, activation and responsiveness Marr et al. Many animal-assisted interventions focus on elderly residents or patients. The presence of an Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress positively influenced, e. A comparison of observations of AAT and non-AAT recreational sessions in long-term care facilities showed that the animal involvement was linked to more frequent initiation and longer durations of conversations Bernstein et al. Kramer et al. The visit of a person with a Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress dog as well as a robotic dog led to more social interaction than the person alone. From their reviews on the effects of animals-assisted therapy on patients with dementia, Filan and Llewellyn-Jones and Perkins et al. Several studies assessed changes in social interaction not via direct observation, but rather indirectly. In a classroom of first-graders, the presence of a dog led to a better social integration among students as documented via indirect psychometric indicators Hergovich et al. Also adults profit from animal contact with regard to social relationships, such as patients with substance abuse in an AAT group program, who rated the therapeutic alliance with the therapist as more positive after 26 sessions than the control group without an animal present Wesley et al. Fournier et al. Based on the presented evidence we conclude that contact with companion animals holds the potential to promote social interaction and functioning in children and adults with or without mental health problems. Two studies meeting our criteria assessed whether the presence of a friendly animal would increase trust toward other humans. Schneider and Harley asked college students to rate the trustworthiness of two different psychotherapists, each of them depicted once with a dog present and once without the dog in a video. When the dog was present, participants, particularly those with the least positive attitude toward Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress, reported more general satisfaction with the therapist as well as more willingness to disclose personal information. Gueguen and Cicotti investigated the influence of the presence or absence of Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress dog on social interaction, helping, and courtship behavior. In four different experiments, experimenters asked strangers for money in the street, young women for their phone numbers in public or observed whether people would help to pick up coins a male experimenter dropped on the street. The presence of the dog was linked to a higher compliance with the request for the phone number and a higher rate of helping behavior. In particular the compliance with the request for the phone number can be interpreted as an indication for increased trust and maybe also attraction of the strangers toward an unfamiliar man accompanied by a dog, which probably promoted his perception as a trustworthy person. These first findings indicate a sociopositive effect of dogs on trust and prosocial behavior, but clearly, more research is needed. Most studies on empathy and animal Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress are designed in a way that they are not conclusive with regards to a direct influence of pet ownership on the development of better empathic skills. For example, Poresky and Hendrix assessed empathy in young children via reports of their mothers and found that the mere presence of a pet in the household Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress unrelated to empathy, while the bond with the pet was positively related to empathy and social competence. However, as the authors point out, it cannot be deducted from such a survey-design that the effect is due to the animal. This also applies to the studies by Paul or Daly and Morton, However, Hergovich et al. When compared to a control class, the class with the dogs showed higher scores in field independence and empathy toward animals. Clearly, more research with appropriate designs and measures is needed to provide evidence for an effect of animal contact on empathy. Only few results point to the potential of the presence of a friendly animal to reduce aggression in humans. In two studies, effects of the presence of friendly dogs on aggressive behavior in a classroom of first-graders were investigated via behavior observation and reports of the classroom teacher Hergovich et al. Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress the presence of the dog, in comparison to its absence, aggressive behavior was decreased. In Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress meta-analysis Souter and Miller conclude that animal-assisted interventions have the potential to significantly reduce depressive symptoms and also our present survey of the literature meeting our criteria points in this direction. Crowley-Robinson et al. Banks Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress Banksshowed in two controlled studies with patients in long-term care facilities that animal visitation programs reduced feelings of loneliness. The effect was stronger in individual dog visits than in group settings, probably since persons had more intense interactions with the dogs in an individual setting. This indicates also that animal visits reduce feelings of loneliness per seinstead via facilitating social interactions with the other group members. A companion bird also reduced depression in elderly adults after admission to a skilled rehabilitation unit Jessen et al. Also in children and adults with physical or mental health problems animal contact can improve mood. Nathans-Barel et al. Children with psychiatric disorders showed better intra-emotional balance after only a single therapy session with a dog Prothmann et al. In hospitalized children, both, AAT and traditional play therapy improved mood, as reported by the parents and children themselves, but only AAT was associated with display of positive affect Kaminski et al. A large body of studies investigated the effect of interacting with animals on stress, operationalizing stress either via endocrinological or cardiovascular parameters. HAI has been investigated for its effects on hormonal indicators of stress such as cortisol, and on neurotransmitters such as epinephrine Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress norepinephrine. First, studies not employing a specific stressor, then studies including a stressor are reported. These studies provide direct evidence that interaction with a friendly companion animal, in particular a dog, positively affects endocrine responses as indicated by changes in the levels of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, suggesting an attenuation of stress responses via HAI. Barker et al. Before baselineduring and after the interaction or resting, serum cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine as well as salivary cortisol were collected. A significant reduction of serum and salivary cortisol, but no effects on the other parameters, were found in the dog conditions. Odendaal and Odendaal and Meintjes assessed changes in plasma cortisol in dog owners when petting their own, or an unfamiliar dog, or quietly reading a book. The interaction with their own dog, and also with the unfamiliar dog, but not the reading condition led to a significant decrease in the cortisol levels of the humans. Viau et al. A study by Cole et Cats: 70 Designs to Help You De-Stress. Significantly lower epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were measured during and after the dog visits. The effect of social support by a dog in comparison to support by a friendly human during a social stress test on the cortisol levels of children with insecure attachment representations was investigated by Beetz et al. The support by a friendly dog during the experiment was associated with significantly lower cortisol levels than support by a friendly human. This effect was strongly correlated with the time the children spent in physical contact with the dog during the experiment. A substantial number of well- designed studies investigated the effect of HAI on blood pressure and heart rate, some also included skin temperature or skin conductance, either in the absence of a specific stressor or during a stress-inducing task.