The 28Th Oil Shale Symposium

28th Oil Shale Symposium 2008

Golden, Colorado, USA

13 - 15 October 2008

ISBN: 978-1-63439-438-3 Printed from e-media with permission by:

Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571

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Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2634 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS

SESSION 1: WELCOMING PLENARY (METALS HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Welcome to the 28th Oil Shale Symposium ...... 1 J. Boak

Oil Shale Symposium Welcoming Remarks ...... 2 M. Scoggins

Utah’s Strategy for Development of Oil Shale...... 5 J. Huntsman

Colorado’s Strategy for Development of Oil Shale...... 6 H. Sherman

Colorado School of Mines Oil Shale Symposium October 13, 2008...... 7 F. Wade

SESSION 2: PROGRAM OVERVIEW PLENARY (METALS HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Oil Shale and Global Energy Needs ...... 22 R. Charles

Shell Exploration & Production: Unconventional Oil ...... 28 T. O'Connor

What is Total Doing in Oil Shale?...... 33 P. Allix

Western Energy Basin Initiative...... 44 M. Hagood, T. Wood, A. Wolfsberg, T. Dammer

Status: Utah Oil Shale Development ...... 53 L. Nelson

SESSION 3: IN SITU PROCESSING (METALS HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Parameteric Controls on the Composition of Oil Generated by In Situ Pyrolysis of Oil Shale ...... 59 W. Meurer, W. Symington, A. Braun, R. Kaminsky, D. Olgaard, G. Otten, T. Phillips, M. Thomas, L. Wenger, J. Yeakel

Shell’s In situ Conversion Process – Factors Affecting the Properties of Produced Shale Oil...... 68 G. Beer, E. Zhang, S. Wellington, R. Ryan, H. Vinegar

Shell ICP – Shale Oil Refining...... 78 V. Nair, R. Ryan, G. Roes

Influence of Water Vapor Pressure on Oil Shale Product Recovery...... 85 E. Mattson, C. Palmer

SESSION 4: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES (PETROLEUM HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Solid Wastes of Oil Shale Processing, Environmental Challenges of Disposal and Use...... 96 U. Kirso, N. Irha, J. Reinik, G. Urb, E. Steinnes

Aspects of 3D and Groundwater Modeling in Oil Shale Basins...... 110 P. Quinn

Environmental Review of Selected Oil Shale Technologies...... 126 J. Covell

Successful Test of a Frozen Ground Barrier to Flow...... 135 B. McKinzie, H. Vinegar, M. Day

SESSION 5: IN SITU PROCESS MODELING (METALS HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Heat Conduction Modeling Tools for Screening In Situ Oil Shale Conversion Processes...... 145 W. Symington, P. Spiecker

Transport Model of the AMSO (Formerly EGL) Oil Shale Process ...... 158 P. Wallman, A. Burnham

Modeling Deformation & Fracturing of Oil Shale Rock Induced by In Situ Fluid Generation...... 169 H. Huang, P. Meakin, A. Malthe-Sorenssen, T. Wood, C. Palmer, E. Mattson

Resource Characterization and Reservoir Modeling of Oil Shale Deposits in Uinta Basin, Utah ...... 179 J. Bauman, C. Huang, M. Deo, W. Gallin, R. Gani

SESSION 6: DATA REVIEW & ASSESSMENT (PETROLEUM HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Aspects of Jordan Oil Shale as Investment Opportunity...... 196 J. Alali

Re-Evaluation of Utah’s Uinta Basin Oil Shale Resource ...... 197 M. Berg

Common Data Repository Development and Water Resource Assessment in the Piceance Basin ...... 213 J. Thomas

Risk Assessment in the Quality Control of Oil Shale in Estonian Deposit...... 222 S. Sabanov

SESSION 7: OIL SHALE PROPERTIES (METALS HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Log Interpretation Parameters Determined by Analysis of Green River Oil Shale Samples: Initial Steps...... 241 M. Herron, M. Machlus, S. Herron

New & Old Oil Shale Reserves in Jordan: Comparative Study...... 249 M. Nawasreh, M. Reshaydat

Estimation of Flow Geometry, Swept Volume, and Surface Area from Tracer Tests ...... 263 P. Reimus, G. Shook

Dielectric Properties of Jordanian Oil Shales...... 271 M. Al-Harahsheh, S. Kingman, A. Saied, J. Robinson, G. Dimitrakis, H. Al-Nawaflah

SESSION 8: EVALUATION OF OIL SHALE OPTIONS (PETROLEUM HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Rational Technology for Processing Oil Shale from Different Deposits in the World...... 284 E. Volkov

Evaluation Model for Choice of Oil Shale Mining and Processing Technologies...... 296 A. Blokhin, R. Salikhov, E. Golmshtok, M. Petrov

Modeling Analysis and Process Optimization for Different Oil Shale Deposits ...... 309 J. Jia, R. Sherritt, J. Schmidt, S. Li, F. Han

General Perspectives on Methods of Oil Shale Extraction and R&R Needs...... 319 G. Miller

SESSION 9: GEOLOGY & STRATIGRAPHY I

Sequence Stratigraphic and Stable Isotopic Expressions of Over-Filled and Balanced-Filled Transitions within the Tipton Member of the Green River Formation, WY...... 345 J. Walker, A. Carroll

A Study of the Axial Arch in Northwest Colorado - A Barrier Between Eocene Lake Uinta and Eocene Lake Gosiute ...... 355 R. Johnson, M. Brownfield, J. Self

Unified Stratigraphy and Depositional Systems - Green River Oil Shale in the Piceance & Greater Green River Basins, Colorado & Wyoming ...... 381 J. Sarg, Y. Bartov, A. Carroll, T. Lowenstein

Geology and Oil Shale Resource Characterization of the Green River Formation in the Northern Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado – A Shell ICP Perspective ...... 392 M. Picha, S. Cameron, G. Daub

SESSION 10: SURFACE PROCESS MODELING (PETROLEUM HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Mathematical Modeling of Oil Shale Pyrolysis ...... 393 K. Ghesmat, S. Save

Process Modeling for the Development of Oil Shale Retorting Processes...... 404 R. Sherritt, J. Jia, J. Schmidt, M. Purnomo

Oil Shale Pyrolysis Modeling...... 416 R. Sarathi

SESSION 11: GEOLOGY & STRATIGRAPHY (METALS HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Oil Shale Geology Assessments in Jordan ...... 428 K. Shawabkeh

Thickness, Compositional and Textural Variability, and Genesis of El-Lajjun Oil Shale, Central Jordan...... 429 H. Alnawafleh, D. Large, B. Spiro

Characteristics of Continental Oil Shale and Oil Shale Resources in China...... 439 Z. Liu, Q. Dong, Q. Meng

Effect on Oil Shale Mineralization of Gravity Flows...... 459 R. Liu, Z. Liu, Q. Meng

SESSION 12: PROCESSING ALTERNATIVES (PETROLEUM HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Process for Converting Kerogen into Petroleum ...... 460 D. Zwick

Radio Frequency in Situ Heating to Extract Shale Oil...... 468 J. Bridges, R. Snow, A. Hassanzadeh

Past, Present, and Pending Intellectual Property for Electromagnetic Heating of Oil Shale...... 482 D. Kinzer

A Discussion of Comprehensive Utilization of Oil Shale Ash...... 500 S. Gan G. Gao, B. An, Z. Liu

SESSION 13: INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS (METALS HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Jordan Oil Shale Energy Company (JOSECO): A Vision Towards Oil Shale Commercialization...... 514 M. Bsieso

Recent Chinese Oil Shale Activities...... 548 S. Li, C. Yue, J. Qian

Timahdit-I Oil Shale Deposit Evaluation Morocco...... 559 M. Bencherifa, H. Sellami

Challenge of Mae Sot Oil Shale Exploration in Thailand (In the First Phase, 2008) ...... 571 A. Jeennagol, A. Suwannathong

SESSION 14: CHEMISTRY (PETROLEUM HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Applying Hydrous Pyrolysis to In Situ Oil-Shale Retorting ...... 584 M. Lewan, D. Cox

Dissolved Constituents in Water from Hydrous Retort Experiments ...... 598 C. Palmer, E. Mattson, R. Perkins

Effect of Demineralization of Ellajun Jordanian Oil Shale on Oil Yield by Fischer Assay...... 612 A. Al-Harahsheh, M. Al-Harahsheh, A. Al-Otoom, M. Allawzi

Successful Upgrading of Estonian Shale Oil Via Hydrotreating ...... 626 I. Kond, A. Goelzer

SESSION 15: CARBON MANAGEMENT (METALS HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Unconventional Sources of Fossil Fuel and Carbon Management: India's Perspective ...... 640 B. Kumar

Oil Shale Sourced CO2 Sequestration Options in the Uinta & Piceance Basins Utah and Colorado ...... 661 K. Beacom, M. Gottlob, D. Gomez

Near-Zero CO2 Emissions from the Clean, Shale-Oil Surface (C-SOS) Process...... 668 K. Hatfield, L. Smoot, R. Coates, L. Baxter

CO2 Sequestration in Spent Oil Shale Retorts ...... 680 A. Burnham, S. Carroll

SESSION 16: COMPANY PROGRAM STATUS (PETROLEUM HALL, GREEN CENTER)

Overview of American Shale Oil LLC Progress and Plans...... 687 A. Burnham, R. Day, P. Wallman

Alberta Taciuk Process (ATP) Technology - Recent Developments and Activities...... 697 S. Odut, G. Taciuk, J. Barge, V. Stamatis, D. Melo

Update on the White River Oil Shale Project, Utah ...... 711 G. Aho

Evolution in Development of Daqing Oil Shale in China ...... 719 C. Fang, D. Zheng, Z. Ge, H. Wang, H. Lei, R. Zhang

SESSION 17: SURFACE PROCESSING

Estonian Solid Heat Carrier Technology (TSK) as a Development Platform for Oil Shale Processing ...... 731 H. Mikk

Development of a High Capacity Rotary Kiln for Oil Shale Processing ...... 742 R. Coates, L. Smoot, K. Hatfield

Environmental and Operational Aspects of an Oil Shale Industrial Plant in Brazil ...... 753 C. Filho, M. Kaizer, L. Sosinski, J. Skalski

Isothermal and Nonisothermal Kinetic Analyses of Mahogany Oil Shale with TGA ...... 771 P. Tiwari, K. Oh, M. Deo

SESSION 18: SOCIOECONOMIC & POLICY ISSUES (PETROLEUM HALL, GREEN CENTER)

History of the United States Synthetic Fuels Corporation ...... 786 H. Priddy

Surface Retorting: Moving Beyond the Small Size Barrier ...... 797 L. Southwick

Optimal Use of Oil Shale in Jordan Considering the Uranium Substance ...... 808 M. Resheidat

The Center for Oil Shale Technology and Research...... 824 J. Boak

SESSION 18: POSTER SESSION TITLES

Correlation Between Organic Carbon Content and Oil Yield of Oil Shale and its Significance...... 832 Q. Dong, Z. Liu, L. Yan, Y. Zhang, P. Cao

The Energy, Water and Carbon Balance of Extracting Unconventional Petroleum Resources ...... 833 P. Kobos, S. Cooper, T. Lowry, D. Borns, T. Mayer, L. Costin, R. Finley, J. Krumhansl

Oil Shale Occurrence in South Volga Region, Russia...... 834 L. Anisimov, S. Delia, V. Iljasov

Oil Shale Characteristics and Mineralization Regularity of Eocene Fushun Basin...... 839 Q. Meng, Z. Liu, R. Liu

Eocene Age Fossilized Filamentous Bacteria: New Evidence Suggesting a Bacterial Genesis of Siderite in the Green River Formation, Wyoming...... 840 G. Mason

Oil Shale Exploration in the Assam-Arakam Basin...... 847 I. Salpeteur, H. Bauer, S. Raju, A. Mehrotra, S. Khadse

Oil Shales and Other Black Shales with Economic Metals...... 848 E. Godin, S. Jackson, S. Snall, P. Shaehan, M. Bromley-Challenor

Eesti Energia – Unlocking the Potential of Oil Shale...... 852 H. Mikk, R. Hrenko

BMain Problems in Development and Utilization of Oil Shale and Status of the In-situ Conversion Process Technology in China...... 853 C. Fang, D. Zheng, D. Liu

Dynamic Impact Model and Information System to Support Unconventional Fuels Development ...... 860 R. Hruska, R. Lee, J. Koudelka

Thermobituminizing Kinetics Of Estonian Oil Shale at Low-Temperature Pyrolysis ...... 861 I. Johannes, J. Soone, A. Zaidentsal

Thermal Analysis of Huadian Oil Shale with Isoconversional Method...... 862 Q. Wang, H. Liu, R. Sun, S. Li

Gas Production Rate - A Significant Index of Industrial Quality Assessment for Oil Shale...... 863 L. Cai, W. Yang, L. Hong, W. She

A Comparative Overview of the Solvent Swelling Studies of Oil Shales...... 864 J. Hruljova, N. Savest, V. Oja

Characteristics of Illite-Rich Oil Shale from the Piceance Basin, Colorado...... 865 A. Bumham, T. Ruble, M. Machus, M. Herron

Variability of Jordanian Oil Shale and Processing Technologies ...... 866 F. Fraige, H. Al-Nawafleh, L. Al-Khatib, M. Dweirj

Oil Shale 1984-2008 ...... 867 A. Raukas, A. Siirde, N. Nomme, H. Uibopuu

National Oil Shale Association Status ...... 869 G. Vawter, G. Aho, E. Cooley

Froth Flotation of Jordanian El-Lajjun Oil Shale ...... 870 A. Al-Otoom

Alberta Taciuk Process (ATP) Technology – Projects and Performance ...... 871 G. Taciuk, S. Odut, V. Stamatis, J. Barge, D. Melo

Oil Shale Mining and Utilization in Longkou Mining Area China...... 872 Y. Chang, P. Wang

Adaptation of Galoter Technology for High Sulfurous Oil Shale in Arid Region...... 873 A. Blokhin, E. Golmshtok, M. Petrov, D. Kozhitsev, R. Salikhov, H. Thallab

Effect of Process Conditions on Kerogen Recovery in Oil Shale Solvent Extraction...... 874 J. Na, S. Chung

Current Status of Oil Shale Resources of Indonesia...... 875 D. Hadianto

Chattanooga Corp – Surface or Subterranean Processing: Does it Really Matter Today?...... 876 M. Karpenski, A. Howarth

Author Index