4 THE FRISCO-MAN

In order to a170idany misapprehension, sionate and unbiased statement of existing let me hasten to clisclain~ any intent or facts and conditions. desire to find fault with regulation in the Before going into details about the abstract. A man may not peddle peanuts enormous cost to the railroads, and from a handcart unlcss he complies with through them to the people of the nation, certain regulations prescribed by law. The of regulation, it may be wcll to consider mowing of tobacco, its manufacture and the causes that havc led to the piling up its sale are regulated by statutes. The of such charges. packing of pork, the importation of silk, The first sensation of an investigator the sale of securities on the stock exchange looking up the subject of railroad regula- all the activities of life-are regulated tion must be one of bewilderment at the by law for the common good. astounding number and variety of laws Moreover, the constitution of the United and of decisions and rulings made pur- States specifically confers upon Congress suant thereto. The United States com- the right to regulate commerce, and this piled statutes, including the supplement right has repcatedly been upheld by the bringing them up to August 5, 1909, cover Supreme Court. One notable decision 175 royal-octavo pages containing appros- lays down the bi-oad principle that "when imately 78,000 words. under the two necessary for the common good," the heads of railways and interstate com- sovereign powr retaincd by the federated merce. This does not include the Sher- States may be invoked "to regulate the man Law, nor other lams which, while of manner in ~vhicheach shall use his own general appl~cation,also affect railroads. property." The railroad laws of the State of New This being the cnsc, no surprise should York, exclusive of general statutes that he occasionecl by the assertion that no govern all corporations in common, in railroad cxecr~tiveobjects to the abstract force at the end of 1906 made an octavo principle of regulation by law of the volume of 782 pages, or, sap, 329,000 corporation whose affairs he administers. words. In the ensuing three years this He is ready to agree with Icss interested total was sndlcd by the addition of ohscl.vers that there always \rill be, and 85,000 words of ne\v railroad laws. of right ought to be, a good deal of regula- The special railroad laws of Pennsyl- tion of railroads. Indeed, regulation has vania to the end of 1897 made an octavo conferred upon the railroads sundry volume of 699 pages. to which 23,000 notable benefits that seemed otherwise words were added in the next ten years. unattainable, such as the abolition of Railroad law of other States average well secret rebates and passes. up to these examples. 800 State Laws in Five Years. Have the Railroads Got a Kick? This, however, is but the foundation Yet, after these undoubted blessings upon which the superstructure of railroad have been duly credited, there still remains legislation has been reared. In the five such an enormous balance on the wrong years from 1902 to 1907 upward of eight side of the regulation account that the hundred State laws regulating railroads protests of railroad managers are vocifer- were placed upon the statute books. ous and reiterated. Whether these pro- Complete statistics for the period from tests, which are directed against the 1907 to 1910 are laclting; but it is safe to amount and kind of regulation rather say, from evidence at hand, that the than the theory upon which it is based. average rate of legislation for the preced- :)re warranted or not, let each judge for ing five years was maintained; or about !iiniself after rcadinc: the folloninr dispas- 480 laws for the period. THE FRISCO-MAN 5

And meanwhile Congress had not been matter of fact, these State orders actually idle. In the session of 1909-1910 alone do affect the operations of railroads in 119 bills relating to railroads were intro- other States in many cases. duced, and it will be remembered that The powers of m3st State commissions some of them of tremendous importance to are alm3st unlimited. The Wisconsin law, the roads were enacted into law. At a which is typical of that in at least fourteen more recent session nearly two thousand other States, confers upon the railroad bills affecting railroads were introduced commission power to issue mandatory in Congress. orders in regard to "any replation or The regulating activities of the various practice whatsoever affecting the trans- lawmaking bodies had become so great portation of persms or property." It that in 1911 the railroads found it neces- must furthermore be borne in mind that sary to cojperate in maintaining a stand- these decisions and rulings are continually ing "Committee on the Relation of Rail- being added to, for the Interstate Com- way Operation to Legislation," to keep merce Commission and all the State track of proposed new laws and notify boards are in perpetual session for that the companies affected so that they very purpose. That is what they were might look out for their interests. Sta- created for. tistics tabulated by this committee show Scarcely secondary in importance to the that in the five years from 1911 to 1915, enactment of laws and the promulgation incluswe, 3,592 bills affecting railroad of orders is the interpretation or m~difica- operation were introduced in legislatures, tion thereof by the courts. Altogether. of which 442 became laws. the various grades of State and Federal To this prodigious number of laws courts far outnumber the lawm3kiny: and must be added the rulings and orders of administrative bodies, and they grind a the Inte~stateCommerce Commission and perpetual grist. Already a sinxle series of the State railroad commissions. Decisions reports of notable railroad cases number of the Interstate Commerce Commission upward of two hundred bulky volumes. have all the effect of law unless they are It is of no avail for a railroad mmagement set aside by the courts, a thing which to attempt to obey laws and orders unless rarely happens. Up to June, 1909, these it also takes the precaution first to ascer- decisions filled sixteen fat octavo volumes, tain how the courts have held on every totaling approximately 5,500,000 words. point that has been raised. In the eventful years since 1909 the Under these circumstances, is it any powers of the Commission have been wonder that all railroad companies have greatly extended, and its decisions, from been obliged greatly to increase their legal which practically, though not theoretic- staffs, and in many cases to add a new ally, there is no appeal, have multiplied in specialist under the title of "Commerce number, while they have become more Counsel "? nlomentous in character. 1,097 New Measures Proposed in 1915. Orders and Rulings by the Thousand. So much for the quantity of railroad Finally there are the orders and rulings of the State commissions. All the States, regulation; now for the character and quality thereof. Beginning with the except Utah and Wyoming, now have purely statistical aspect, the Committee railroad commissions with wide powers. on the Relation of Railway Operation to Nominally, of course, their jurisdiction Legislation reports that of the 1,037 new extends only to their own State lines; but laws proposed in 1915, 52 related to the In practice, an order in any given State may affpct intentate commerce. As a 6 THE FRISCO-MAN

FACTS ABOUT OUR HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION. In a bulletin issued by M7.W. C. Nixon, Presidenl, Board of Trustees, Frisco Employes' Hospifnl Association, he slales, "iVotu:ithstanding that 60,000 copies of the By-Lam und the Rlrles and Regulations oj the Hospilal Association zuere prinled last year and two separate C//OY~Snzude lo get a copy into the hnnds of every Frisco Employe, it appears many nzembers of the associnlion Rave either no1 secured a copy, or failed lo read it." Mr. Nixon slates lhaf a copy of the rdes can be secured by any employe upon applica- tion lo the superin fendent of the dirision on u;lriciz he is employed. Regarding the report of the auditor, treaszirer and chief surgeon of the Frisco Employes' Hospital Association, for the year ended June 90, 1916, Mr. Xixon states, "11~expense for care and treatment of injztred passengers or other persons sent to the Association Hos- pital by the ojicers of the Frisco is paid by the Receit~ersof llx St. Louis and San Fran- cisco Railroad." "The Hospital buildings have been kept in first class condition a1 all limes and ifs equip- ment equals lkat oj any similar imtitztlion in the coztnlry. "The imotne of the Association, ecmo?nically and prmidenfly administered, is sufli- cienl for all the requireme?lls of the sercice if has underlaken by its characfer of by-laws to perforwz. "Elery member is earnestly requested to make himself familiar with the By-Laws and Rules and Regulations of the Associatiotz, so that he may assist the Board of Trustees in the sztccessfztl managemen1 of the Association and it1 keeping the expectations of the membership within the litnils of these rules." The report of i\?r. A. Douglas, auditor, sugical dressings, the average cost per shows the present value of the property patient treated during the year, 1916, was in St. Louis is $193,705.63; that at Spring- thirteen cents less than during the pre- field $100,820.40; that the property at vmus year. St. Louis and Springfielcl has appre- ciated in value $30,003.97. The number of patients treated at the The report of Mr. F. H. Hamilton, trea- St. Louis Hospital was 957, the Spring- surer, shows the expenditures of the year field Hospital 1650, emergency hospitals were $143.139.91, with receipts of $133,- 402, a total of 3009. 214.17 added to cash on hand of S5J87.16, The number of prescriptions filled at leaving a balance of $17.461.42. the dispensaries was 46,007. The total The report of chief Sur~eonG. W. Cale, number of patient? treated for the year Jr., shows that, notwithstanding an enor- ended June 30, 1916 was 30,564 as against mous increase in the price of all com- 28,154, June 30, 1916 an increase of modlties, includinfi. food stuffs, drugs and 2,410.

Corrosion. ing due to excessive accumulation of the soda salts in the boiler. The corrosion of steam boilers, when clue to the action of the water, will de- The liberation of acid beneath sulphate velop from several primary causes, or a of lime scale. combination of them. Corrosion and pitting are of a more The presence of corrosive mineral salts serious nature than scale formation, as in the water, such as sodium chloride, they consist of an actual disintegration sulphate, etc. and destruction of the metal of the boiler The presence of free sulphuric acid in Aues and sheets. the water. Where corrosive troubles have been The use of extremely pure waters, experienced, Dearborn Treatment has which have a solvent action upon the effected savings in repairs and renewals metal of the boilers. and increased life of Aues far greater The irse of wrla ash for water snften- than the cnst nf the treatment.-.Ads. THE FKISL'O MAN 7 SAFETY FIRST 1111111111111111111lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll~

Safety Chains. of such practice, is the issuance of a The management recently arranged, leaflet entitled, "Are You To Be One of through the mechanical department, to The Unfortunate 13?" which gives the have Safety Chains put in baggage cars lollowing warning: across the side doors so baggagemen will PItIENU: Is it saie? Do you know that what you are be better protected during the summer doing causes the loss of life ol about FIVE THUUSANL) people each year in this country? months when baggage car doors are open Of course you don't realize the danger you incur while trains are in motion. walk in^ on a railroad track, or you wouldn't do it. The railroad trespasser is rarely injured. It is The baggageman works a good deal unfortunate, hut true, that most 01 them arr near the open door while transferring his killed. baggage and doing other work, and, by gcrsons are killcd cverv day on the railroads of placing a chain across the door, he has the United SLaLcs (ahoh 5.00:) per year), bccnusc an opportunity to catch hold of same or they use tha railroad track lor ;i h~fihway. They didn't cxDect to rct hurt any more than fall against it should he lose his balance you. Please understand thaL I am giving this to you when the train rounds a sharp curve, [or your own good. strikes a bad place in track or makes Your Frie~zd. some unusual movement that is unex- This leaflet has been distributed pected. among employes whose duties are likely Mr. Sam C.Owen, train baggageman at to bring them in contact with trespassers. Memphis running on trains 103-1-4-105 and they are expected to hand one of and 106 between Memphis and Birming- them to anyone they happen to meet ham, made the recommendation that using the track as a highmy. safety chains be applied to baggage car doors and because of the practicability of the recommendation as a precaution Hints for Engineers. against accident, it was quickly adopted F. E. Bales, Enid. Okla. by the management. Having been requested to write a letter on safety first and having put in a num- ber of years on a locomotive, it is but One of the Thirteen? natural that I would write on items that Trespassing on railroad tracks has came under my observation while on same. proven one of the most perplexing prob- There are a number of things about a lems with which the railroads of the locomotive that can easily cause an ac- United States have to deal in their acci- cident of a very serious nature or a very dent prevention campaign. serious injury, and enginemen and others Though every conceivable means has must always be on their guard while been brought into play to combat this about them. great evil, which is claiming the lives and I remember one case of an old pass- Limbs of so many of the citizens of this enger engineer losing an eye due, you country, statistics show that THIRTEEN might say, to his own carelessness. He persons are killed every day on the rail- noticed the bottom nut on the water roads of the United States, because they glass leaking and tried to tighten it up use the tracks for a highway. without first shutting the pressure off and The Frisco's newest move to bring to draining the glass. In trying to tighten the attention of the trespasser the danger the nut he broke the glass resulting in 8 THE FRISCO-MAN SAFETY FIRST 1111111111111111111llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll his losing an eye; also a good run, as There is more or less danger in the he was not allowed to work after the handling of water spmts, they sh~uld accident. Enginemen should be very not be thrown back and let go and allowed careful to know that the water glass and to swing and jerk on the chains-the lubricator glasses have guards on them fireman should hold on to the rope or and should never try to tighten any of the chain and let the spout up easily. Ropes packing nuts on them without Iirst get- or chains on water spouts and coal chutes ting the pressure off of them so there should be observed by the fireman and will be no danger in case the glass should he should not feel backward in repxting break. them when they are getting badly worn Men should be very careful in filling or are in bad shape and apt to cause an lubricators especially when same are hot injury. as the oil is liable to boil out or blow More care should be given to ringing out and scald them. Firemen should the bell before an engine is to be mwed notice that the shaker bar fits the grate and also while moving about stations and posts before he attempts to shake the road crossinp. grates. Oftentimes he is obliged to More care should he given by all enqin- throw his weight on the bar to move eers in the use of the whistle; in riding the grates and there has been a number some trains it is impossible to tell if of injuries caused by shaker bar slipping engineer is trying to whistle for a road- off the grate posts. crossing or whistling out a flag. Great Care should be exercised in fasten- care should be exercised at a railroad ing the coal gates before taking coal, crossing and enginemen should be sure as there is quite a strain on them and if that there are no trains approaching be- not properly fastened. they may breakoff fore they start to cross. and fill the deck with coal. Care should be taken in switching and The squirt hose is another thing that both men on the engine should be on has caused a number of injuries. The the luolc out for signals and should nst mechanical departments all over the sys- take a signal unless they know what tem have made a campaign on this and it is meant for-that is, if a signal is given the opening in the pipes have been re- and is not plain, they should stop and duced so as not to throw so much water; insist that proper ones be given. also where the hose connects on to the In handling orders and keeping check pipe, the has an elbow on it and same is on trains, the fireman can be of great fastened securely so if hose should come help to the engineer when orders are put out quite a distance from the place OH, the water and steam is turned in the deck where there is less dancer than if where they are to be executed. It is a pipe delivered the water in any direction. good habit to mention same in a way to A very close check has been made on the remind the engineer of the order. squirt hose and no spliced hose are being used. Firemen and others using squirt WESTERN DIVISION MEETING. hose should be very careful and not scald The Western Division Safety First someone and special care should be used committee met in regular session in Car at depot platform, as it is an easy matter 1400, Enid, Okla., July 22, with the for water to splash on someone. following in attendance: