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EDUARD PAMFIL (1912-1994) PSIHIATRIE, ANTROPOLOGIE Ùi Rezistenğă CULTURALĂ Eduard Pamfi L (1912-1994) Psychiatry, Anthropology and Cultural Resistance

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EDUARD PAMFIL (1912-1994) PSIHIATRIE, ANTROPOLOGIE Ùi Rezistenğă CULTURALĂ Eduard Pamfi L (1912-1994) Psychiatry, Anthropology and Cultural Resistance ISTORIA MEDICINEI 1314 EDUARD PAMFIL (1912-1994) PSIHIATRIE, ANTROPOLOGIE ùI REZISTENğĂ CULTURALĂ Eduard Pamfi l (1912-1994) Psychiatry, anthropology and cultural resistance Conf. Dr. Octavian Buda Catedra de istorie a medicinei, Universitatea de Medicină úi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureúti DATE BIOGRAFICE Eduard Pam¿ l era originar din zona Odobeúti, dar legat de Clujul universitar, pentru că tatăl lui, Gheorghe Pam¿ l, a fost decanul FacultăĠii de Far- macie (úi autorul unui curs de chimie editat în 1922). După mamă, Jeanne – o franĠuzoaică, Eduard provenea din Geneva, acolo unde s-a născut la 6 mai 1912 úi unde úi-a făcut studiile medii. După ce îúi desăvârúeúte studiile de medicină la Cluj, ur- mează la Bucureúti formarea în neurologie în cli ni- ca profesorului Nicolae Ionescu-Siseúti (1888-1954) cu două stagii succesive la Paris: antebelic cu ne- uro logul Jean Lhermitte (1877-1959) úi cu psihiatrul Eduard Pam¿ l Paul Guiraud (1882-1974) – somităĠi mondiale ale (1912-1994) specialităĠilor respective, iar după cel de-Al Doilea Război Mondial va ajunge úi la Spitalul Sainte către etologie, personalism ¿ lozo¿ c úi sistemul de Anne din acelaúi Paris, unde îl va cunoaúte pe valori, cibernetică úi bionică, deprivarea informa- Henry Ey (1900-1977), cel care va deveni savantul Ġio nală, sau dimensiunea etico-spirituală a persoanei de la Bonneval úi marele psihopatolog sistematic ce devine bolnavă psihic. Schimbul de idei, dialo- de orientare organodinamistă. Pam¿ l se întoarce în gul, prelucrarea informaĠiei prin ¿ ltrul propriei per- 1948 la Bucureúti, împotriva sfaturilor colegilor sonalităĠi au fost regulile operei „maieutice“ a lui francezi, iar după o scurtă úedere funcĠionărească în Pam¿ l, ne spune acelaúi Mircea Lăzărescu (1). capitală, la Ministerul SănătăĠii, alături de Florica CărĠile de psihiatrie despre nevroze úi psihoze Bagdasar, ajunge la Timiúoara, unde îúi începe a¿ r- pe care le-a scris úi publicat în anii ’70, împreună marea ca psihiatru, instituind úi în¿ inĠând acolo cu Doru Ogodescu, sunt reperele care au constituit dis ciplina de psihiatrie în cadrul noului Institut de orientarea antropologică a psihiatriei româneúti, Medicină de pe malul Begăi (1). prin propunerea unui personalism original – mo- Om de útiinĠă úi cultură polivalent, cu deschideri delul „triontic“ al ¿ inĠei umane. Pam¿ l a sprijinit umaniste, Eduard Pam¿ l a iniĠiat într-o epocă pro- dezbaterile interdisciplinare atât în interiorul me- letcultistă, marcată de un antiintelectualism făĠiú, dicinei, organizând variate întâlniri între medicii cursuri de psihiatrie erudite úi ra¿ nate cu deschidere psi hiatri úi nepsihiatri (la Gătaia úi Jebel), cât úi Adresa de corespondenĠă: Conf. Dr. Octavian Buda, Catedra de istorie a medicinei, Universitatea de Medicină úi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Blvd. Eroilor Sanitari nr. 8, Sector 5, Bucureúti. e-mail: [email protected] REVISTA MEDICALÅ ROMÂNÅ – VOLUMUL LX, NR. 4, An 2013 291 292 REVISTA MEDICALÅ ROMÂNÅ – VOLUMUL LX, NR. 4, An 2013 dezbateri intelectuale cu matematicieni, ¿ lozo¿ , gorescu, Th. HorneĠ, N. Vasilescu, I. Olteanu, psihologi, muzicieni, critici de artă, literaĠi, artiúti profesorul Ionescu-Siseúti adaugă în 1940 doi plastici – să amintim aici grupul Sigma din Ti mi- asistenĠi tineri: Eduard Pam¿ l úi sub sem natul. úoara. Alte noi teme insolite au captat interesul par- Pam¿ l se întorsese de curând de la Paris, după un ticipanĠilor de la cercul de pe Bega: teoria reĠe lelor stagiu la Clinica profesorului J. Lhermitte. Aducea neuronale, inteligen a arti¿ cial , determinismul Ġ ă cu el ceva din atmosfera celebrei clinici pa riziene: nonlinear, teoria fractalilor, a catastrofelor, teoria o semiologie neurologică ra¿ nată, dis cuĠie jocurilor, miúcarea New Age, ¿ lozo¿ a minĠii, teoria elegantă, diagnostice diferenĠiale neaúteptate, sistemelor, jocurile de limbaj i lingvistica gene- ú interpretări ¿ ziopatologice pline de imaginaĠie. La rativ , existen ialismul i teatrul absurdului, iar ă Ġ ú de monstraĠiile sale, studenĠii, atraúi ca de un mag- lista poate continua. În austerul deceniu ’80, Pam¿ l net, erau fascinaĠi de originalitatea stilului úi nou- a stabilit strânse relaĠii úi cu „ùcoala de la Păltiniú“ ta tea ideilor. Se adăugau comparaĠii surprinză- a lui Constantin Noica (1909-1987), care a úi vizitat toare, incursiuni în artă úi literatură, adesea, în mai multe rânduri cercul de dezbateri din clinica pa ra doxuri úocante, demolări de dogme sacrosante. psihiatrică timiúoreană (3). Avea un spirit de frondă faĠă de tot ce era opinie preconcepută, simpli¿ care reducĠionistă, ideaĠie úa blonizată [...] Citea literatură cu pasiune úi, în perioada la care mă refer, cita frecvent din «Brave New World» a lui Huxley úi din «Ferma animalelor» a lui Orwell [...] Pam¿ l ar ¿ putut deveni un mare neurolog, dar în ¿ nal s-a decis pentru psihiatrie. ùi astfel a fost în acord cu opinia lui Lhermitte care spunea că «nu există eroare mai detestabilă decât aceea de a separa disciplinele surori care sunt ne- urologia úi psihiatria». Cele două surori úi l-au dis- putat pe Pam¿ l. A câútigat psihiatria...“ (5). Psihiatrii Mircea Lăzărescu, Petre Brânzei, Vasile Predescu úi Eduard Pam¿ l, anii ’80 Academicianul Constantin Bălăceanu-Stolnici vor- beúte despre conceptele útiinĠi¿ ce deschise care ani- mau psihiatria din timpurile lui Pam¿ l: „Eram la înce- putul anilor ’50 úi mă luptam să pre zint perspectiva cibernetică în útiinĠele creie rului. În timp ce marii ponti¿ ai neurologiei úi psihiatriei din Bucureúti Jean Lhermitte aveau o inerĠie inexpli cabilă în a accepta un model (1877-1959) nou, care răsturna toate paradigmele cu care eram obiú nuiĠi, prof. Eduard Pam¿ l a înĠeles din primul mo- Să reĠinem aici momentul 1940 úi stagiul făcut ment im por tanĠa noii concepĠii [...] Am putut urmări, în acea perioadă de Pam¿ l la Jean Lhermitte. Cu în anii următori, cum prof. Pam¿ l a inclus modelele siguranĠă că Pam¿ l a fost impresionat de puternica sistemice úi informaĠionale în teoretizările sale psihi- personalitate a neurologului úi neuropsihiatrului atrice.“ (4). francez. Fiul pictorului realist Léon Augustin O rememorare a academicianului Vlad Voicu lescu Lhermitte (1844-1925), Jacques Jean Lhermitte a (1913-2001), eminent neurolog pe linia úcolii lui absolvit medicina la Paris în 1907. Colaborând în- Gheorghe Marinescu, úi care a fost con temporan cu deaproape Gustave Roussy (1874-1948) úi, la Pam¿ l: „În 1938 profesorul Nicolae Ionescu-Siseúti Salpêtrière, cu Fulgence Raymond (1844-1910) úi urmează profesorului Gheorghe Ma rinescu la con- Pierre Marie (1853-1940), Lhermitte se specia li- ducerea Clinicii de Neurologie de la Spitalul Co- zează în neurologie. Ajunge úeful de laborator de len tina. La ilustra echipă a lui Ma rinescu, State neuropatologie al FacultăĠii de Medicină, post pe Dră g ănescu, Oscar Sager, Arthur Kreindler, D. Gri- care îl va prelua în 1914 de la Pierre Marie (care va REVISTA MEDICALÅ ROMÂNÅ – VOLUMUL LX, NR. 4, An 2013 293 conduce catedra de neurologie la Spitalul Salpêtrière în pieĠele úi pe străzile Clujului la 24 ianuarie în celebra clinică de boli nervoase a lui Jean Martin 1959, au fost un nou prilej pentru întărirea siste- Charcot). Lhermitte lucrează apoi cu psihiatrul mului de supraveghere de teama revoltei maselor. Henri Claude (1869-1945) la Bourges între 1915- [...] Din informarea făcută de Dumitru Coliu în 1919. A fost „Médecin Chef de Service“ al Spita- legătură cu manifestările naĠionaliste ce au avut lului Paul Brousse în sudul Parisului la Villejuif. loc la Cluj cu prilejul sărbătoririi centenarului Ajunge profesor agregat de psihiatrie în 1923. A Unirii), a reieúit ca lucrurile s-ar ¿ desfăúurat nor- condus fundaĠia „Déjerine“ úi a fost membru al mal úi că nu ar ¿ fost lucruri prea deosebite în ziua Academiei Franceze de Medicină în 1942. A fost de 24 ianuarie. Din discuĠii a reieúit, de asemenea, directorul revistei L’Encéphale úi preúedintele So- că ceva deosebit nu s-ar ¿ întâmplat, în afară de un cie tăĠii de Neurologie de la Paris, dar úi a presti- grup de studenĠi care puneau accent mai deosebit gioasei SocietăĠi Medico-psihologice, aceasta din când se cânta «Hora Unirii», pe strofa a 2-a. De urmă fondată încă din 1847 de Jules Baillarger úi ase menea, unii studenĠi s-ar ¿ dus acasă la unii Jacques-Joseph Moreau (6). Lhermitte a fost un cli- profesori consideraĠi de ei ca elemente naĠionaliste. nician desăvârúit, de numele său sunt legate o serie Între studenĠi erau úi unele capete mai în¿ erbântate. de epo nime clasice din neurologie, precum semnul O grupă din studenĠi au intrat la restaurantul «Ur- care-i poartă numele úi care apare în scleroza mul- sus» úi «Pescăruú» úi au indicat muzicii úi cetăĠ e- tiplă (senzaĠie de úoc electric ce parcurge măduva nilor din local să cânte «Hora Uniri». La intervenĠia spinării până la extremităĠi, atunci când se produce miliĠiei, grupurile respective au părăsit localul. À exia gâtului), halucinoza pedunculară Lhermitte Mai târziu, grupul acesta de studenĠi a început să (o formă de percepĠie vizuală aberantă cu prezer- crească úi unii dintre ei au căutat să încoloneze úi varea conútiinĠei critice), sindromul Lhermitte (o cetăĠenii care ieúeau de la spectacolul Teatrului formă de paralizie oculară asociată cu nistagmusul) NaĠional. Unul din studenĠi purta un drapel tricolor etc. (7-18). úi, probabil, dându-úi seama că ar ¿ bine să ia úi unul roúu, de la o clădire a luat úi un drapel roúu úi MOMENTUL 24 IANUARIE 1959, CLUJ apoi a început să meargă spre piaĠă. Un student s-a suit pe statuia din PiaĠa LibertăĠii úi făcea agitaĠie. Între 1956-1959 a fost pentru numai trei ani pro- Caracteristic este úi faptul că atunci când a venit o fesor la Cluj, pentru că ajunge să ¿ e eliminat pentru ploaie cu lapoviĠă destul de intensă, o parte dintre alĠi trei ani din sistemul universitar în urma unui studenĠi n-au plecat nici atunci. [...] A reieúit, de scandal (legat de centenarul aniversării de la 24 asemenea, că grupe de studenĠi au fost acasă la ianuarie 1859 úi de profesorul Iuliu HaĠieganu), unii profesori, ca HaĠieganu, Gavrilă úi Pam¿ l.
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