The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke
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Journal of the National Black Association for Speech-Language and Hearing
Journal of the National Black Association for Speech-Language and Hearing Volume 13, Number 1 Spring 2018 Journal of the National Black Association for Speech-Language and Hearing Volume 13, Number 1 Spring 2018 Table of Contents To navigate through this document, use the scroll bar in the right-hand column and observe the page indicator at the bottom of the screen. Cover Page ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 2 About the Editors ........................................................................................................................................ 4 About the Journal ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Guidelines to Authors ................................................................................................................................. 5 Manuscript Submissions ............................................................................................................................ 6 Copyrights and Permissions ...................................................................................................................... 7 Sponsoring Organization .......................................................................................................................... -
Phonological Activation in Pure Alexia
Cognitive Neuropsychology ISSN: 0264-3294 (Print) 1464-0627 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/pcgn20 Phonological Activation in Pure Alexia Marie Montant & Marlene Behrmann To cite this article: Marie Montant & Marlene Behrmann (2001) Phonological Activation in Pure Alexia, Cognitive Neuropsychology, 18:8, 697-727, DOI: 10.1080/02643290143000042 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643290143000042 Published online: 09 Sep 2010. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 47 View related articles Citing articles: 15 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=pcgn20 Download by: [Carnegie Mellon University] Date: 13 May 2016, At: 08:41 COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 2001, 18 (8), 697–727 PHONOLOGICAL ACTIVATION IN PURE ALEXIA Marie Montant CNRS, Marseille, France and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA Marlene Behrmann Carnegie Mellon University and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, USA Pure alexia is a reading impairment in which patients appear to read letter-by-letter. This disorder is typically accounted for in terms of a peripheral deficit that occurs early on in the reading system, prior to the activation of orthographic word representations. The peripheral interpretation of pure alexia has recently been challenged by the phonological deficit hypothesis, which claims that a postlexical discon- nection between orthographic and phonological information contributes to or is responsible for the dis- order. Because this hypothesis was mainly supported by data from a single patient (IH), who also has surface dyslexia, the present study re-examined this hypothesis with another pure alexic patient (EL). -
Cognitive Emotional Sequelae Post Stroke
11/26/2019 The Neuropsychology of Objectives 1. Identify various cognitive sequelae that may result from stroke Stroke: Cognitive & 2. Explain how stroke may impact emotional functioning, both acutely and long-term Emotional Sequelae COX HEALTH STROKE CONFERENCE BRITTANY ALLEN, PHD, ABPP, MBA 12/13/2019 Epidemiology of Stroke Stroke Statistics • > 795,000 people in the United States have a stroke • 5th leading cause of death for Americans • ~610,000 are first or new strokes • Risk of having a first stroke is nearly twice as high for blacks as whites • ~1/4 occur in people with a history of prior stroke • Blacks have the highest rate of death due to stroke • ~140,000 Americans die every year due to stroke • Death rates have declined for all races/ethnicities for decades except that Hispanics have seen • Approximately 87% of all strokes are ischemic an increase in death rates since 2013 • Costs the United States an estimated $34 billion annually • Risk for stroke increases with age, but 34% of people hospitalized for stroke were < 65 years of • Health care services age • Medicines to treat stroke • Women have a lower stroke risk until late in life when the association reverses • Missed days of work • Approximately 15% of strokes are heralded by a TIA • Leading cause of long-term disability • Reduces mobility in > 50% of stroke survivors > 65 years of age Source: Centers for Disease Control Stroke Death Rates Neuropsychological Assessment • Task Engagement • Memory • Language • Visuospatial Functioning • Attention/Concentration • Executive -
Mygland, Aali, Matre, Gilhus Spine, and One of Us (Lhermitte) Published
846 Mygland, Aali, Matre, Gilhus 14 Gautel M, Lakey A, Barlow DP, et al. Titin antibodies in 18 Mantegazza R, Beghi E, Pareyson D, et al. A multicentre myasthenia gravis: Identification of a major autogenic follow up study of 1152 patients with myasthenia gravis J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.57.7.846 on 1 July 1994. Downloaded from region of titin. Neurology 1994 (in press). in Italy. J Neurol 1990;237:339-44. 15 Grob D, Arsura EL, Brunner NG, Namba T. The course 19 Pagala MKD, Nandakumar NV, Venkatachari SAT, of myasthenia gravis and therapies affecting outcome. Ravindran K, Namba T, Grob D. Responses of inter- Ann NYAcad Sci 1987;505:472-99. costal muscle biopsies from normal subjects and 16 Oosterhuis HJGH. The natural course of mysthenia patients with myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 1990;13: gravis: a long term follow up study. .J Neurol Neurosurg 1012-22. Psychiariy 1989;52:1 121-7. 20 Nielson VK, Paulson OB, Rosenkvist J, Holsoe E, Lefvert 17 Durelli L, Maggi G, Casadio C, Ferri R, Rendine S, AK. Rapid improvement of myasthenia gravis after Bergamini L. Actuarial analysis of the occurrence of plasma exchange. Ann Neurol 1982;11: 160-9. remissions following thymectomy for myasthenia gravis 21 Namba T, Brunner NG, Grob D. Idiopathic giant cell in 400 patients. Jf Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994;54: polymyositis: report of a case and review of the syn- 406-11. drome. Arch Neurol 1974;31:27-30. Jean Lhermitte 1877-1959 He showed the importance of the inferior olivary nucleus in myoclonus. -
Effectiveness of Essential Oils from Citrus Sinensis and Calendula Officinalis and Organic
Cantaurus, Vol. 28, 20-24, May 2020 © McPherson College Department of Natural Science Effectiveness of essential oils from Citrus sinensis and Calendula officinalis and organic extract from fruits of Maclura pomifera as repellants against the wolf spider Rabidosa punctulata Garrett Owen ABSTRACT The essential oils (EO’s) of Citrus sinensis, Calendual officinalis, and Maclura pomifera were extracted via either steam distillation or organic extraction and tested for their repellency effect on the wolf spider, Rabidosa punculata. Essential oil repellency was tested in a Y-maze fumigation test and a filter paper contact test. The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis; the results from the binomial test of the fumigation trials data suggest no significant repellant activity of the fumes of any of the EO’s extracted. Although, Citrus sinensis EO’s presented hope for further studies. Results from the Wilcoxon rank sum test of the contact trials data showed Calendula officinalis as an effective deterrent against Rabidosa punctulata while the other two EO’s showed no significant effects. The isolated EOs from each plant were analyzed using GC/MS to identify the major compounds present. Results from the GC/MS showed d-Limonene to be the major component of Citrus sinensis at 92.56% while major components of Maclura pomifera were (1S)-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene at 18.96%, 3-Carene at 17.05%, Cedrol at 16.81%, and a-Terpinyl acetate at 5.52%. It was concluded that d- Limonene is a common ingredient in many insect repellants, but exists as a component of a mixture of several chemicals. -
Group Studies in Experimental Neuropsychology
C HAPTER 3 4 GROUP STUDIES IN EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY Lesley K. Fellows WHY NEUROPSYCHOLOGY? individual differences in skull shape (explicitly thought to be a proxy for underlying brain structure) A fundamental assumption of neuropsychology, and in relation to individual differences in behavior. of cognitive neuroscience more generally, is that Complex traits like benevolence and wit were thus behavior has a biological basis—that it results from related to particular parts of the brain. Although the processes that are executed in the nervous system. methods are clearly flawed to the eye of the modern Following from this assumption, emotions, reader, the underlying concept of localization, that thoughts, percepts, and actions can be understood brain structure and function are related, had a major in neurobiological terms. This premise was impact on the development of clinical neurology and advanced by the philosophers of ancient Greece, of experimental neuropsychology. supported, in part, by observations of patients with The work of Broca, Wernicke, and other 19th- brain injury (Gross, 1995). The fact that damage to and early 20th-century neurologists illustrated how the brain could lead to paralysis, disorders of sensa- observation in clinical populations can (a) provide tion, or even disruptions of consciousness suggested insights into how a complex behavior (like lan- that this organ was the seat of such abilities, guage) can be segmented into simpler components although the broad claim that brain function under- (e.g., production and comprehension) and (b) how lies behavior was not without controversy over the such components can be related to specific regions centuries that followed (Crivellato & Ribatti, 2007). -
The Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 44 (2007)
THE BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PapYROLOGIsts Volume 44 2007 ISSN 0003-1186 The current editorial address for the Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists is: Peter van Minnen Department of Classics University of Cincinnati 410 Blegen Library Cincinnati, OH 45221-0226 USA [email protected] The editors invite submissions not only fromN orth-American and other members of the Society but also from non-members throughout the world; contributions may be written in English, French, German, or Italian. Manu- scripts submitted for publication should be sent to the editor at the address above. Submissions can be sent as an e-mail attachment (.doc and .pdf) with little or no formatting. A double-spaced paper version should also be sent to make sure “we see what you see.” We also ask contributors to provide a brief abstract of their article for inclusion in L’ Année philologique, and to secure permission for any illustration they submit for publication. The editors ask contributors to observe the following guidelines: • Abbreviations for editions of papyri, ostraca, and tablets should follow the Checklist of Editions of Greek, Latin, Demotic and Coptic Papyri, Ostraca and Tablets (http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/papyrus/texts/clist.html). The volume number of the edition should be included in Arabic numerals: e.g., P.Oxy. 41.2943.1-3; 2968.5; P.Lond. 2.293.9-10 (p.187). • Other abbreviations should follow those of the American Journal of Ar- chaeology and the Transactions of the American Philological Association. • For ancient and Byzantine authors, contributors should consult the third edition of the Oxford Classical Dictionary, xxix-liv, and A Patristic Greek Lexi- con, xi-xiv. -
Prosopagnosia by B
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 1959, 22, 124. PROSOPAGNOSIA BY B. BORNSTEIN and D. P. KIDRON From the Department of Neurology, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tiqva, Israel "And what is the nature of this knowledge or recollection? I mean to ask, Whether a person, who having seen or heard or in any way perceived anything, knows not only that, but has a conception of something else which is the subject, not of the same but of some other kind of knowledge, may not be fairly said to recollect that of which he has the conception?" "And when the recollection is derived from like things, then another consideration is sure to arise, which is, Whether the likeness in any degree falls short or not of that which is recollected?" "The Philosophy of Plato " Phaedo (the Jowett translation). Does visual agnosia exist in a partial or isolated bances in sensation time, in adaptation time, in form, in which certain qualities only are affected, visual acuity, and in brightness discrimination. as opposed to generalized visual agnosia? Many Ettlinger (1956) rejected Bay's contentions. After workers cast doubt on this concept, maintaining analysing 30 cases of head injury, he showed that that partial visual agnosia is no more than a com- some patients had neither field nor perceptual bination of defects in vision, memory, and orienta- defects, others had field but not perceptual defects, tion, appearing together. and only in eight of the 30 patients were field and The clinical elucidation of partial visual agnosia perceptual defects found together. It is true that is likely to be affected by the patient's intellectual visual agnosia is frequently associated with homony- capacity, his mental state at the time of examination, mous hemianopsia, but despite this there are cases and his ability to cooperate without being influenced of hemianopsia without gnostic defects. -
Demonic Possession by Jean Lhermitte
G Model ENCEP-991; No. of Pages 5 ARTICLE IN PRESS L’Encéphale xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Disponible en ligne sur ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com Commentary Demonic possession by Jean Lhermitte Possession diabolique par Jean Lhermitte a b c,∗ E. Drouin , T. Péréon , Y. Péréon a Centre des hautes études de la Renaissance, université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France b Pôle hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie adulte, centre hospitalier Guillaume-Régnier, 35703 Rennes, France c Centre de référence maladies neuromusculaires Nantes–Angers, laboratoire d’explorations fonctionnelles, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex, France a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The name of the French neurologist and psychiatrist Jean Lhermitte (1877–1959) is most often associ- Received 13 September 2016 ated with the sign he described back in 1927 in three patients with multiple sclerosis. We are reporting Accepted 13 March 2017 unpublished handwritten notes by Jean Lhermitte about ‘demonic possession’, which date from the 1950s. Available online xxx Drawing from his experiences in neuropsychiatry, Lhermitte gathered notable case reviews as well as individual case histories. For him, cases of demonic possession are of a psychiatric nature with social back- Keywords: ground exerting a strong influence. Like Freud did earlier, Lhermitte believes that the majority of those Demonopathy possessed people have been subjected to sexual trauma with scruples, often linked to religion. Demonic Handwritten notes possession cases were not so rare in the 1950s but their number has nowadays declined substantially with the development of modern psychiatry. -
Joseph Jumentié 1879-1928
Joseph Jumentié 1879-1928 Olivier Walusinski Médecin de famille 28160 Brou [email protected] Fig. 1. Joseph Jumentié à La Salpêtrière en 1910 (BIUsanté Paris, domaine public). Résumé Joseph Jumentié (1879-1928), par ses qualités de clinicien et sa sagacité d’anatomo- pathologiste, sut faire honneur à ses maîtres en neurologie, Jules Dejerine, Augusta Dejerine- Klumpke et Joseph Babiński. Leur notoriété a laissé dans l’ombre la collaboration précieuse que Jumentié leur a assurée. A côté d’une remarquable thèse de doctorat fixant la sémiologie des tumeurs de l’angle ponto-cérébelleux en 1911, ses nombreuses publications ont abordé tous les domaines de la neurologie. Nous présentons, à titre d’exemple, ses recherches concernant le cervelet, les tumeurs cérébrales et mettons en valeur l’aide fournie à Mme Dejerine dans l’identification des « faisceaux » des grandes voies cortico-spinales au niveau bulbo- protubérantiel par la technique des coupes sériées multiples. Cette évocation est précédée d’une brève biographie illustrée de photos, pour la plupart, inédites. 1 Jules Dejerine (1849-1917) et Joseph Babiński (1857-1932) sont des neurologues célèbres et reconnus mondialement. Leurs travaux n’auraient sans doute pas toute la valeur que nous leur accordons, s’ils n’avaient pas eu l’aide déterminante de collaborateurs compétents et zélés. Joseph Jumentié est l’un de ceux-ci, formé par ces deux maîtres de la neurologie auxquels il resta fidèlement très attaché. Leur célébrité, comme une ombre portée, a plongé dans l’oubli l’œuvre de Jumentié. C’est celle-ci que nous souhaitons remettre en lumière. Joseph Julien Jumentié est né le 28 octobre 1879 à Clermont-Ferrand d’un père Alfred Jumentié (1848-1909) professeur au lycée et d’une mère au foyer Mathilde Poisson (1852-1902). -
NEUROLINGUISTICS Valentina Bambini*
Jan-Ola Östman & Jef Verschueren Handbook of Pragmatics (2012) © 2012 John Benjamins Publishing Company. Not to be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. NEUROLINGUISTICS Valentina Bambini* 1. Definition Neurolinguistics is the study of language-brain relations. Its final goal is the com- prehension and explanation of the neural bases for language knowledge and use. Neurolinguistics is by its nature an interdisciplinary enterprise, and straddles the borders between linguistics and other disciplines that are connected to the study of the mind/brain (mainly cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience). When approached from the point of view of the neurosciences, neurolinguistics focuses on how the brain behaves in language processes, both in healthy and pathological conditions; conversely, from a linguistics standpoint, neu- rolinguistics aims at clarifying how language structures can be instantiated in the brain, i.e. how patterns and rules exhibited in human languages are represented and grounded in the brain. In addition, neurolinguistics has a fundamental clinical impact for assessment and treatment of patients suffering from aphasia and other language pathologies. The field was officially opened up by the nineteenth-century neurologist Paul Broca with his observations of the correlation between language disturbance and brain damage. Since then, over 100 years of investigation into the organization of language in the brain were based on a lesion-deficit approach, in a localizationist perspective. The significance of a brain area was deduced through observation of deficits following a lesion to that brain region, and the exact localization of the lesion was verified through post-mortem examination. The aphasiological era developed a functional model of language production and comprehension that highlighted the 2 Valentina Bambini role of frontal and temporal regions (and connections between them) in the left hemisphere, a model that has informed diagnosis and research up to date. -
Common Disorders of Speech in Children by T
Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.34.177.444 on 1 October 1959. Downloaded from A DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE COMMON DISORDERS OF SPEECH IN CHILDREN BY T. T. S. INGRAM From the Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh and the Royal Hospitalfor Sick Children, Edinburgh (RECEIVED FOR PUBLICATION MARCH 9, 1959) The full assessment of children suffering from speech defects, speech therapy is rarely provided. speech defects requires a team consisting of speech Children with speech defects attending these schools therapist, paediatrician, psychologist and otologist. were frequently referred to the Speech Clinic in the The additional services of a phonetician, neurologist, Hospital. orthodontist, plastic surgeon, radiologist, social Detailed family, birth and developmental histories worker or psychiatric social worker and child were taken, with particular emphasis on the rate, and psychiatrist are often helpful. any abnormalities, of speech development. The Unfortunately the majority of descriptions and children were subjected to a detailed paediatric and classifications of speech disorders in childhood are neurological examination, and behaviour in play by speech therapists working without much medical was observed for as long as possible in each case. co-operation and advice. With honourable excep- The child's speech was studied jointly by the by copyright. tions, they tend to regard speech disorders as rather paediatrician and the speech therapist, and detailed isolated phenomena, dissociated from the other notes were made of its intelligibility and of the behavioural and psychological characteristics of the particular defects which were observed. In many child. In the present paper an attempt is made to cases tape recordings were made, though it is always describe and classify the disorders of speech most easier, in fact, to examine speech for defects of frequently encountered in a hospital speech clinic articulation in the presence of the patient.