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Natural Resources of Mugu Lag

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The natural resources of Mugu Lagoon Item Type monograph Authors MacDonald, Keith B. Publisher California Department of Fish and Game Download date 09/10/2021 12:07:40 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/18461 - - THE NATURAL RESOURCES OF MUGU LAGOON .. .. Prepared by: KEITH B. MACDONALD Marine Science Institute University of California, Santa Barbara - Santa Barbara, California - for: State of California - Department of Fish and Game E. C. FULLERTON, Director .. JOHN W. SPETH, Coastal Wetlands Program Coordinator BRUCE M. BROWNING, Coastal Wetlands Program Editor .. KENT A. SMITH, Coastal Wetlands Program .. Under Contract to: Department of Interior U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Biological Services JAY F. WATSON, Coastal Ecosystems Activities Leader - .. June, 1976 COASTAL WETLANDS SERIES #17 - .. .. .. - - - - - .. Cover: .. designed by Karen Schaff photo by R. O. Baker - .. Mugu Lagoon u.s. Navy Photo ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the generous help received from many individuals and government agencies during preparation of this report. I am particularly grateful to the U. S. Navy and to CDR. W. D. Middleton, -- CEC., USN., Pacific Missile Test Center, Point Mugu, for arranging access to Mugu Lagoon. CDR. R. O. Baker, USN, as Base Information Officer and .. resident ecologist, accompanied me on an extensive tour of the Base and answered all my questions. Stephen Kraus of the Santa Barbara office of .. Dames and Moore, helped prepare several socio-economic sections of the report. Conversations 'with R. C. Fay, Drs. C. H. Peterson and J. E. Warme also proved most helpful. - Kathy Killian, Departrnent of Fj ~;h and Game 81lC1 Dorris Faust , University ., of California at Santa Barbara tSlJed the rnanuscript. Plates and Fit t'e~3 were delineated,by Karen Schaff, also of the Department. - - .. .. .. .. i .. .. - ., TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS------------------------------------------------ i INTRODUCTION---------------------------------------------------- 1 - SUMMARY--------------------------------------------------------- 3 - RECOMMENDATIONS------------------------------------------------- 7 MUGU LAGOON AND ENVIRONS---------------------------------------- 10 - Physical Features-------------------------------------------- 10 Location-------------------------------------------------- 10 - General Description--------------------------------------- 10 - Regional Geology------------------------------------------ 13 Lagoon Development---------------------------------------- 14 .. Drainage-------------------------------------------------- 18 Climate--------------------------------------------------- 21 - Tides----------------------------------------------------- Water Chsracteristics------------------------------------- 26 - Archeology and History--------------------------------------- 27 - Indian Period--------------------------------------------- 27 Hispanic and Modern Periods------------------------------- 28 - LAND OWNERSHIP-------------------------------------------------- 30 Local Area (Mugu Lagoon and Environs)------------------------ 30 - Regional Area (Calleguas Creek Watershed)-------------------- 31 .. LAND USE-------------------------------------------------------- 31 Local Area--------------------------------------------------- 31 - Regional Area------------------------------------------------ 36 RESOURCES------------------------------------------------------- 40 Habitat Types------------------------------------------------ 40 ii ... .. Page No. Wetland Habitats---------------------------------------·------ 41 - Eastern .A:rm----------------------------------------·------ 41 Central Lagoon-------------------------------------------­ 41 .. Western Arm----------------------------------------------- 43 Disturbed Habitats------------------------------------------- 44 - Wetlands Vegetation------------------------------------------ 45 Lagoon Plankton---------------------------------------------­ 47 Phytoplankton--------------------------------------------­ 47 .. Zooplankton----------------------------------------------- 47 Benthic Invertebrates and Fish-------------------------·------ 48 - Invertebrates--------------------------------------------­ 48 Fish------------------------------------------------_·----­ - 50 Birds-------------------------------------------------------­ 52 Mammals------------------------------------------------------­ 57 Ecology------------------------------------------------------- 58 RESOURCE USES--------------------------------------------------- 63 .. Military Uses------------------------------------------------ 64 Bird Watching and Nature Study--------------------------·----- 66 On Base--------------------------------------------------- 66 Off Base-----------·-------------------------------------- 68 .. Hunting-----------------------------------------------------­ 68 Duck Hunting---------------------------------------------­ 68 - Rabbit Hunting-------------------------------------------- 70 ... Fishing and Clamming----------------------------------------- 72 .. Picnicking and Swimming---------------------------------·----- 72 Boating------------------------------------------------------- 73 Scientific and Educational Uses------------------------------- 73 iii - - - Pae;e No. PROBLEMS AND USE CONFLICTS-----------------""'-----------------..-- 79 - Water Pollution----------------------""'----------------------- 79 - On Base Military Sources---------------------------------­ 79 Agricultural Pollutants----------------------------------- 81 - Urban Pollutants------------------------------------------ 82 Sedimentation and Flood Control------------------------------ 84 - Sedimentation--------------------------------------------­ 84 - Flood Control--------·...------------------------------------ 85 Future Development------------------------------------------- 92 - Local Area-----------------------------------------------­ 92 Regional Area--------------------------------------------- 95 - LNG Facility, Oxnard----------------------------------- 96 - Access------------------------------------------------------- 97 Research Activities-----------------------------------------­ 100 .. Introduced Species-------~----------------------------------- 101 .. Lagoon Management-------------------------------------------- 103 FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS------------------------------------------- 105 - REFERENCES------------------------------------------------------ 108 APPENDIX A. Plants of. Mugu Lagoon------------------------------ A-I APPENDIX B. Marine Invertebrates of Mugu Lagoon---------------­ B-1 APPENDIX C. Fish of Mugu Lagoon-------------------------------­ C-l - APPENDIX D. Birds of Mugu Lagoon------------------------------­ D-l APPENDIX E. Mammals of Mugu Lagoon----------------------------­ E-l APPENDIX F. Flood Control Alternatives, Calleguas Creek - and Mugu Lagoon--------------------------.,---------- F-l .. .. iv .. Page No. APPENDIX G. Cooperative Plan for the Conservation and Development of Fish and Wildlife at the Pacific Missile Range Headquarters, Point Mugu, California, .. including San Nicholas Island, June 10, 1963------- G-l APPENDIX H. Fish and Wildlife Management Plan, Pacific Mi.ssile -- Test Center, Point Mugu, California, including - San Ni cholas Island--------------------------·------ H-l APPENDIX I. Memorandum of Agreement between the Department of - the Navy and the Department of the Interior relating to Protection of Wildlife, Ecological and Other - Natural Resources in Mugu Lagoon, Pacific Missile .. Range, Point Mugu, Cqlifornia---------------------­ 1-1 Plate No. 1. Mugu Lagoon and Vicinity------------------------- 10 .. Plate No. 2. Mugu Lagoon and Environs - 1901------------------ 12 Plate No. 3. Historical Changes-------------------------~----- 15 Plate No. 4. Calleguas Creek Watershed------------------------ 19 Plate No. 5. Wildlife Habitats and Land Uses------------------- 34 - Plate No. 6. Agri cultural and Urban Lands---------------------- 37 Plate No. 7. Food Web----------------------------------------- 59 Plate No. 8. Naval Air 'Station Duck Blinds-------------------- 69 - Plate No. 9. Rabbit Hunting Areas------------------------·----- 71 Plate No. 10. Flood Hazard Areas--------------------------·----- 86 - - - v California State Fisheries L(.1boratory - Long Bea,ch, CaIiforniQ INTRODUCTION - Outside of San Francisco Bay, Mugu Lagoon ranks among the largest coastal wetland systems in the state, and is one of the most valuable to fish and wildlife. A feature of this coastal wetland which differentiates it from - most other large systems is that it is owned in its entirety by the Navy (Anaheim Bay is also under Navy ownership). It is because of Navy ownership that the area has not been threatened with the myriad of development proposals inflicted upon numerous other wetlands along California's coast. It is also because of this relatively unthreatened status that the Department of Fish and Game has not reported its resource values heretofore. - The purpose of this report is (1) to document the natural resources of Mugu Lagoon, (2) describe the uses that those resources receive, (3) enumerate - the problems that affect them, and (4) recommend measures that will maintain and enhance this wetland area now and in the future. It is intended as a - guide to those responsible for resource maintenance of the Lagoon, including the Navy, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Department of Fish and Game, as well as to provide information
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