Chapter 13. Measures of Sensation Seeking
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Novelty Seeking Paper.PDF
Citation for published version: Goclowska, M, Ritter, S, Elliot, AJ & Baas, M 2019, 'Novelty seeking is linked to openness and extraversion, and can lead to greater creative performance', Journal of Personality, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 252-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12387 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12387 Publication date: 2019 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Gocowska MA, Ritter SM, Elliot AJ, Baas M. Novelty seeking is linked to openness and extraversion, and can lead to greater creative performance. Journal of Personality. 2018;00:1–15, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12387. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self- Archiving. University of Bath Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 06. Oct. 2021 NOVELTY SEEKING AND CREATIVITY 1 Running head: NOVELTY SEEKING AND CREATIVITY Novelty seeking is linked to openness and extraversion, and can lead to greater creative performance Małgorzata A. -
Linking Schizophrenia Symptoms, Schizotypy, and Normal Personality
Schizophrenia Bulletin doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz005 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/schbul/sbz005/5310427 by [email protected] on 27 August 2019 Common Taxonomy of Traits and Symptoms: Linking Schizophrenia Symptoms, Schizotypy, and Normal Personality David C. Cicero*,1, Katherine G. Jonas2, , Kaiqiao Li2, Greg Perlman2, and Roman Kotov2 1Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI; 2Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY *To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 808-956-3695, fax: 808-956-4700, e-mail: [email protected] The associations among normal personality and many Introduction mental disorders are well established, but it remains Trait-based paradigms, which have treated psychopa- unclear whether and how symptoms of schizophrenia and thology as fully dimensional, have been useful in under- schizotypal traits align with the personality taxonomy. standing psychopathology, particularly internalizing and This study examined the joint factor structure of nor- externalizing disorders.1–3 The Hierarchical Taxonomy mal personality, schizotypy, and schizophrenia symptoms of Psychopathology (HiTOP) seeks to improve on tra- in people with psychotic disorders (n = 288) and never- ditional diagnostic systems, such as the Diagnostic and psychotic adults (n = 257) in the Suffolk County Mental Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and Health Project. First, we evaluated the structure of International Classification of Diseases (ICD), and con- schizotypal (positive schizotypy, negative schizotypy, and ceptualize psychopathology dimensionally.4 A major mistrust) and normal traits. In both the psychotic-disor- dimension within HiTOP is the psychotic spectrum, der and never-psychotic groups, the best-fitting model had which ranges from normal personality to schizotypal 5 factors: neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, traits to frank psychosis. -
The Genetic and Environmental Sources of Resemblance Between Normative Personality and Personality Disorder Traits K
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Psychiatry Publications Dept. of Psychiatry 2017 The Genetic and Environmental Sources of Resemblance Between Normative Personality and Personality Disorder Traits K. S. Kendler Virginia Commonwealth University, [email protected] S. H. Aggen Virginia Commonwealth University Nathan Gillespie Virginia Commonwealth University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/psych_pubs Part of the Psychiatry and Psychology Commons © 2017 The uiG lford Press Downloaded from http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/psych_pubs/75 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Dept. of Psychiatry at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Psychiatry Publications by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors K. S. Kendler, S. H. Aggen, Nathan Gillespie, M. C. Neale, G. P. Knudsen, R. F. Krueger, Nikolai Czajkowski, Eivind Ystrom, and T. Reichborn-Kjennerud This article is available at VCU Scholars Compass: http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/psych_pubs/75 Journal of Personality Disorders, Volume 31(2), 193-207, 2017 © 2017 The Guilford Press RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN NORMATIVE PERSONALITY AND PD TRAITS KENDLER ET AL. THE GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN NORMATIVE PERSONALITY AND PERSONALITY DISORDER TRAITS K. S. Kendler, MD, S. H. Aggen, PhD, Nathan Gillespie, PhD, M. C. Neale, PhD, G. P. Knudsen, PhD, R. F. Krueger, PhD, Nikolai Czajkowski, PhD, Eivind Ystrom, PhD, and T. Reichborn-Kjennerud, MD Recent work has suggested a high level of congruence between normative personality, most typically represented by the “big five” factors, and abnor- mal personality traits. -
Personality and Self-Determination of Exercise Behaviour David K
Personality and Individual Differences 36 (2004) 1921–1932 www.elsevier.com/locate/paid Personality and self-determination of exercise behaviour David K. Ingledew a,*, David Markland b, Kate E. Sheppard b a School of Psychology, University of Wales, Brigantia Building, Bangor LL7 2AS, UK b School of Sport, Health, and Exercise Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK Received 13 January 2003; received in revised form 30 June 2003; accepted 11 August 2003 Abstract There is extensive evidence that personality traits are associated with health-related behaviours, but less evidence regarding the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we examined the relationships between personality and self-determination of exercise behaviour. Users of a sports centre completed personality scales (the NEO Five Factor Inventory supplemented with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Psych- oticism scale) and exercise self-determination scales (Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire which measures extrinsic, introjected, identified and intrinsic forms of regulation). Analyses were restricted to 182 individuals in the maintenance stage of exercise participation. Partial correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between each personality scale and the self-determination scales, controlling for other personality scales, gender and age. Neuroticism was associated with more introjected regulation, extraversion with more identified and intrinsic regulation, openness with less external regulation, consci- entiousness with less external regulation and more intrinsic regulation, and psychoticism with more external regulation. Relating these findings to self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000), it is speculated that extraverted individuals are able to feel self-determined because exercise can satisfy the need for relatedness, conscientious individuals because exercise can satisfy the need for competence. -
Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Psychoticism: Distinctive Influences of Three Personality Dimensions in Adolescence
481 British Journal of Psychology (2013), 104, 481–494 © 2012 The British Psychological Society www.wileyonlinelibrary.com Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and psychoticism: Distinctive influences of three personality dimensions in adolescence Patrick C. L. Heaven1*, Joseph Ciarrochi2, Peter Leeson3 and Emma Barkus3 1Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, Australia 2University of Western Sydney, Australia 3University of Wollongong, Australia Researchers have suggested that the psychoticism (P) personality dimension of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire may be largely redundant with the agreeableness (A) and conscientiousness (C) constructs of the five-factor model. Little research has examined the distinctiveness of these constructs. We utilized a multi-wave, multi- method design to examine the ability of C, A, and P to uniquely predict a number of important outcomes amongst high school students. A total of 778 students (391 males, 387 females; mean age 15.41 years.) completed personality measures in Grade 10. Self- reported self-esteem, social support, health-related behaviours, religious values as well as teachers’ assessments of students, were collected 1 and 2 years later. A, C, and P were distinctive in their ability to predict these outcomes, after controlling for gender and socio-economic status as well as Grade 10 extraversion, openness, and neuroticism. The individual P items explained unique variance over and above that explained by A and C. It was concluded that P is not merely the opposite of A and C. Implications for interventions are raised. As it has been claimed that personality has important consequential outcomes (Ozer & Benet-Martinez, 2006), an important question for personality and individual difference researchers therefore is to what extent personality dimensions differ in their ability to predict outcomes. -
Is Sensation Seeking a Stable Trait Or Does It Change Over Time?
Is Sensation Seeking a Stable Trait or Does it Change Over Time? By: Sarah D. Lynne-Landsman, Julia A. Graber, Tracy R. Nichols, Gilbert J. Botvin Lynne-Landsman, S.D., Graber, J.A., Nichols, T.R., & Botvin, G.J. (2011). Is sensation seeking a stable trait or does it change over time? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(1), 48-58. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010- 9529-2. ***© Springer. Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction is authorized without written permission from Springer. This version of the document is not the version of record. Figures and/or pictures may be missing from this format of the document. *** Abstract: The theory of sensation seeking has conceptualized this construct as a stable personality trait associated with a variety of problem behaviors. Reckless behavior theory posits that increases in reckless behavior during adolescence can be attributed, in part, to increases in sensation seeking. This study evaluated patterns of stability and change in sensation seeking among 868 urban, minority youth (53% female), followed longitudinally across middle school (6th–8th grades). Group-based trajectory analysis identified a stable low group (20%), a moderate increasing group (60%), and a stable high group (20%) each of which demonstrated unique associations with changes in problem behaviors. Stable low sensation seekers reported consistently low levels of aggression, delinquency, and substance use across middle school. Moderate increasing sensation seekers reported significant increases in these risk behaviors over time from levels near zero in the 6th grade. Stable high sensation seekers reported high, stable levels of aggression and delinquency upon entry into middle school as well as significant increases in substance use across middle school. -
The Adaptive Significance of Personality Traits It Is Clear That in Order for a Trait to Have Survived, It Must Have Had Some Degree of Functionality
The Adaptive Significance of Personality Traits It is clear that in order for a trait to have survived, it must have had some degree of functionality. This suggests that shifting environmental pressures, particularly social ones, encouraged a range of variation on a number of traits (Buss, 1991). Furthermore, traits that were at one time adaptive, may be maladaptive in the present environment. We shall now examine the three and five factor models to discuss how they might have been adaptive. Neuroticism is associated with the ability to perceive and respond to environmental warnings associated with impending punishment. Being elevated on this trait makes people more vulnerable to spurious and inappropriate contingencies associated with being too sensitive to future punishment. A person who scores high on this trait, for example, might be more likely to develop a phobia. In some situations persons who score high on this trait would have a reproductive advantage. They might be more likely to avoid dangers. On the other hand, persons who scored low might be more likely to engage in reproductive behaviors that were accompanied by a risk. Males low in neuroticism could also gain reproductive advantage by engaging in high risk behaviors that increased their social status and consequently their level of attractiveness to females. Extraversion or surgency is related to the need for cortical stimulation (Eysenck, 1997). People who are extraverted become more bored more quickly. They also demonstrate faster habituation to a stimulus, especially intense stimuli. Being extraverted might be reproductively advantageous in males by motivating them to mate with many different partners, a quantitative strategy. -
The Relation Between Sensation Seeking and Life Satisfaction
Fort Hays State University FHSU Scholars Repository Master's Theses Graduate School Fall 2010 The elr ation between sensation seeking and life satisfaction Stephanie Stegman Fort Hays State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Stegman, Stephanie, "The er lation between sensation seeking and life satisfaction" (2010). Master's Theses. 182. https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses/182 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at FHSU Scholars Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of FHSU Scholars Repository. THE RELATION BETWEEN SENSATION SEEKING AND LIFE SATISFACTION being A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the Fort Hays State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Stephanie Stegman B.S., Fort Hays State University Date_____________________________ Approved__________________________ Major Professor Approved__________________________ Chair, Graduate Council The research described in this thesis utilized human subjects. The thesis prospectus was therefore examined by the Human Subjects Research Committee of the Psychology Department, Fort Hays State University, and found to comply with Title 45, Subtitle A – Department of Health, Education and Welfare, General Administration; Part 46 – Protection of Human Subjects. ____________________________________ Date __________________________________________ Ethics Committee Chairman i ABSTRACT The present study examined the relation between sensation seeking and life satisfaction. Participants completed four online surveys. One survey included a number of questions designed to measure personal sensation seeking level (Sensation Seeking Scale Form V). Another asked questions regarding life satisfaction (Satisfaction With Life Scale). -
Personality Associations with Mood, Hoarding, Health and Well-Being Janet Katherine Spittlehouse
Personality Associations with Mood, Hoarding, Health and Well-being Janet Katherine Spittlehouse A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Psychological Medicine University of Otago, Christchurch New Zealand 31 August 2016 Abstract Background: Personality has been of interest since ancient times. Hippocrates, also known as ‘The father of Western Medicine’ was possibly the first to document the association between personality and mental and physical health by describing the ancient medical theory of Humourism. Over the last 100 years the study of personality has been evolving and there are many different perspectives. Trait perspectives have become popular but they lack any underlying theory about how personality develops. Psychobiological models offer descriptions of personality and provide testable theories on how biology influences their development. A robust psychobiological model is Cloninger’s psychobiological theory and it provided the basis for this project. Objectives: This project explored the associations of personality in different mental health settings using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI; Cloninger, Przybeck, Svrakic, & Wetzel, 1994), the personality inventory developed by Cloninger and colleagues, that is suitable for measuring both normal and abnormal personality. The TCI was used to examine the impact of depression on personality measurement and personality associations to self-reported physical and mental health, mood disorders, hoarding behaviours and well-being. Methods: Participants for this project were from three studies. Two randomised clinical trials designed to examine predictors of treatment response for depressed outpatients using either antidepressant medication (N=195) or psychotherapy (N=177) were used to examine the impact of depression on measures of personality. -
Association Between the Dopamine D4 Receptor (DRD4)
Molecular Psychiatry (1999) 4, 378–384 1999 Stockton Press All rights reserved 1359–4184/99 $15.00 and the 4,4 vs 4,7 genotype, respectively, were chosen ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE as independent variables in the one-way analyses of variance. We could observe the reported association between Association between the DRD4 exon III allele length and Novelty Seeking dopamine D4 receptor (Tables 1 and 2). The presence of the 7 repeat was asso- ciated with significantly elevated Novelty Seeking total = = (DRD4) exon III scores (F1,134 11.54, P 0.001). The effect had a size of 0.6 standard deviation units and accounted for 8% polymorphism and of the variance. Among Novelty Seeking subscales, the presence of the 7 repeat was associated with elevated = measures of Novelty scores on NS1 (Exploratory Excitability; F1,134 4.97, = = = P 0.027), NS2 (Impulsiveness; F1,134 4.60, P 0.034), = = Seeking in a German and NS3 (Extravagance; F1,134 19.06, P 0.00003). Similar, and even stronger, associations could be population observed when comparing subjects with the 4,4 vs 4,7 A Strobel1, A Wehr1, A Michel2 and B Brocke1 genotype (Table 2). However, only the associations between the 7 repeat and NS total and NS3, and 1Institute of Clinical, Diagnostic and Personality between the 4,7 genotype and NS, NS1, and NS3 Psychology, Technical University Dresden, remained significant after correction for multiple test- Mommsenstrasse 13, 01062 Dresden; 2Institute of ing (␣ = 0.0016; see Methods and Materials). Zoology, Technical University Dresden, Mommsenstrasse As effects of demographic variables can confound 13, 01062 Dresden, Germany the results of association studies, we carried out analy- ses of variance with age and sex as covariates (Tables 1 and 2). -
Extraversion
Prepared for the Handbook of Individual Differences in Social Behavior Mark Leary & Richard Hoyle (Editors) Guilford Extraversion Joshua Wilt and William Revelle Northwestern University For at least 2500 years, some people have been described as more bold, assertive and talkative than others. For almost equally long, this set of behaviors has been thought to have a biological basis and be socially important. Although our taxometric techniques have changed and our theories of biology are more advanced, the question of the causal basis as well as the behavioral consequences of the trait dimension that has come to be called extraversion-introversion1 remains vitally important. In general, there are at least three basic characteristics of extraversion that make it important to study. First, extraversion has emerged as one of the fundamental dimensions of personality (Costa & McCrae, 1992a; Digman, 1990; H. J. Eysenck & Himmelweit, 1947; Goldberg, 1990; Norman, 1963). As such, extraversion has the potential to explain the covariation of a wide variety of behaviors, which is is one of the central concerns for the field of personality (Funder, 2001). Second, extraversion predicts effective functioning and well-being across a wide variety of domains (Ozer & Benet-Martinez, 2006) from cognitive performance (Matthews, 1992) and social endeavors (Eaton & Funder, 2003) to social economic status (Roberts, Kuncel, Shiner, Caspi, & Goldberg, 2007). Third, extraversion predicts risk and also resilience for different forms of psychopathology (Trull & Sher, 1994; Widiger, 2005). 1Although occasionally one will see extroversion-introversion, the preferred spelling in psychological re- search is extraversion-introversion. For purposes of brevity we refer to the bipolar dimension of introversion- extraversion by referring to just one end of it, extraversion. -
The Sensation Seeker Attention Scale (Ssas)
THE SENSATION SEEKER ATTENTION SCALE (SSAS): A MEASURE OF SENSATION SEEKING BY ADOLESCENTS Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this dissertation is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This dissertation does not contain any proprietary information. ______________________________ Warner H. Britton Certificate of Approval: ______________________________ ______________________________ Craig B. Darch Ronald C. Eaves, Chair Professor Professor Rehabilitation and Special Education Rehabilitation and Special Education ______________________________ ______________________________ Joseph A. Buckhalt George T. Flowers Professor Interim Dean Counselor Education, Counseling Graduate School Psychology, and School Psychology THE SENSATION SEEKER ATTENTION SCALE (SSAS): A MEASURE OF SENSATION SEEKING BY ADOLESCENTS Warner H. Britton A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama December 17, 2007 THE SENSATION SEEKER ATTENTION SCALE (SSAS): A MEASURE OF SENSATION SEEKING BY ADOLESCENTS Warner H. Britton Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this dissertation at its discretion, upon request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. Signature of Author Date of Graduation iii VITA Warner Hunt Britton, son of Warner Alexander and Barbara Jean (Hunt) Britton, was born March 7, 1950, in Kansas City, Missouri. He graduated from Sidney Lanier High School in Montgomery, Alabama and entered Auburn University in September, 1968. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology in 1972 and earned Elementary Teaching Certification in 1975. While continuing to teach children with special needs in the Auburn area public schools, he graduated with a Master of Education degree in Special Education in 1980.