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Hesiod Theogony.Pdf
Hesiod (8th or 7th c. BC, composed in Greek) The Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, are probably slightly earlier than Hesiod’s two surviving poems, the Works and Days and the Theogony. Yet in many ways Hesiod is the more important author for the study of Greek mythology. While Homer treats cer- tain aspects of the saga of the Trojan War, he makes no attempt at treating myth more generally. He often includes short digressions and tantalizes us with hints of a broader tra- dition, but much of this remains obscure. Hesiod, by contrast, sought in his Theogony to give a connected account of the creation of the universe. For the study of myth he is im- portant precisely because his is the oldest surviving attempt to treat systematically the mythical tradition from the first gods down to the great heroes. Also unlike the legendary Homer, Hesiod is for us an historical figure and a real per- sonality. His Works and Days contains a great deal of autobiographical information, in- cluding his birthplace (Ascra in Boiotia), where his father had come from (Cyme in Asia Minor), and the name of his brother (Perses), with whom he had a dispute that was the inspiration for composing the Works and Days. His exact date cannot be determined with precision, but there is general agreement that he lived in the 8th century or perhaps the early 7th century BC. His life, therefore, was approximately contemporaneous with the beginning of alphabetic writing in the Greek world. Although we do not know whether Hesiod himself employed this new invention in composing his poems, we can be certain that it was soon used to record and pass them on. -
1 Divine Intervention and Disguise in Homer's Iliad Senior Thesis
Divine Intervention and Disguise in Homer’s Iliad Senior Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Undergraduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Undergraduate Program in Classical Studies Professor Joel Christensen, Advisor In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts By Joana Jankulla May 2018 Copyright by Joana Jankulla 1 Copyright by Joana Jankulla © 2018 2 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Joel Christensen. Thank you, Professor Christensen for guiding me through this process, expressing confidence in me, and being available whenever I had any questions or concerns. I would not have been able to complete this work without you. Secondly, I would like to thank Professor Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow and Professor Cheryl Walker for reading my thesis and providing me with feedback. The Classics Department at Brandeis University has been an instrumental part of my growth in my four years as an undergraduate, and I am eternally thankful to all the professors and staff members in the department. Thank you to my friends, specifically Erica Theroux, Sarah Jousset, Anna Craven, Rachel Goldstein, Taylor McKinnon and Georgie Contreras for providing me with a lot of emotional support this year. I hope you all know how grateful I am for you as friends and how much I have appreciated your love this year. Thank you to my mom for FaceTiming me every time I was stressed about completing my thesis and encouraging me every step of the way. Finally, thank you to Ian Leeds for dropping everything and coming to me each time I needed it. -
Achilles.Pdf
ffi ffi Achilles : GreeP Mythology By: English For Students Introduction Achilles, in Greek mytholo_gy, greafesl of the Greek warriors in the Troian Wor. He was the son of the seo nymph Thetis and Peleus, king of the Myrmidons of Thessoly. When the Fates prophesied that Achiltes would die in the Trojon War, Thetis aitempted to make her infant son immortal. In one version of the story, Thetis rubbed Achiltes with ombrosia and placed him in the hearth fire to moke him immortat. According to a later legend, she bothed him in the River Styx. The waiers made him invulnerable except for fhe heel by which his mother hetd him. The term Achilles heel has become popularized to refer to someone's or something's key weakness. Youth White Achitles wos growing up, the Greek armies were preparing for their assoult on Troy in Asia Minor. Knowing thot her son wos fated to die if he took pari in the war, Achiltes's mother dressed him in women's clothing ond sent him to Skyros io live omong ihe young women in the court of King Lycomedes. Warned that they coutd not conquer Troy without the aid of Achilles, the Greeks sent Odysseus, king of Ithaca, to find him. Disguised as a peddler, Odysseus went to Skyros bearing o shield and o speor dmong his goods. When Achitles betrayed his identity by seizing the weopons, Odysseus persuaded him to join the GreeR expedition to Troy. The Trojon Wor Achiltes fought mony baftles during the Greeks' len-yeor siege of Troy. When ihe Mycenoean king Agomemnon seized the capiive slave Briseis from him during the wor, Achitles withdrew the Myrmidons from baftte ond sulked in his tent. -
Bulfinch's Mythology
Bulfinch's Mythology Thomas Bulfinch Bulfinch's Mythology Table of Contents Bulfinch's Mythology..........................................................................................................................................1 Thomas Bulfinch......................................................................................................................................1 PUBLISHERS' PREFACE......................................................................................................................3 AUTHOR'S PREFACE...........................................................................................................................4 STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES..................................................................................................................7 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................7 CHAPTER II. PROMETHEUS AND PANDORA...............................................................................13 CHAPTER III. APOLLO AND DAPHNEPYRAMUS AND THISBE CEPHALUS AND PROCRIS7 CHAPTER IV. JUNO AND HER RIVALS, IO AND CALLISTODIANA AND ACTAEONLATONA2 AND THE RUSTICS CHAPTER V. PHAETON.....................................................................................................................27 CHAPTER VI. MIDASBAUCIS AND PHILEMON........................................................................31 CHAPTER VII. PROSERPINEGLAUCUS AND SCYLLA............................................................34 -
Study Questions for the Iliad
Mr. Hunt Sophomores HP English II Text: classics.mit.edu Samuel Butler translation Reading Assignment: Read the Iliad and answer the following questions. Respond to each question in complete sentences. All answers must be handwritten on a separate sheet of paper. Do not skip every other line; instead, skip two lines between each answer. Please follow MLA format in all other respects. Study Questions for the Iliad Book I 1 The Iliad begins with a prayer to the muse. (The muse was one of the nine goddesses who were patronesses of the arts. The muse of epic poetry was Calliope.) All classical epics begin with such an invocation to the muse. What does Homer ask the muse to inspire him to sing about? 2 The god Apollo has sent a plague to beset the Achaians. Why? 3 Calchas is a soothsayer who can tell the Achaean leaders why the army is suffering, but before he does so he extracts a promise from Achilles. What does he ask Achilles to promise him? Why? 4 Agamemnon and Achilles have an argument that ends with Achilles walking out on the army. What is the argument over? 5 Achilles prays to a goddess to help him in his feud with Agamemnon. To whom does he pray? 6 Why does Hera become angry with Zeus? 7 Identify the following characters: a. Achilles b. Menelaus c. Agamemnon d. Calchas e. Chryses f. Chryseis g. Nestor h. Briseis Book VI 8 Diomedes, an Achaean leader, and Glaucus, an ally of the Trojans, meet on the battlefield but do not fight. -
Sing, Goddess, Sing of the Rage of Achilles, Son of Peleus—
Homer, Iliad Excerpts 1 HOMER, ILIAD TRANSLATION BY IAN JOHNSTON Dr. D’s note: These are excerpts from the complete text of Johnston’s translation, available here. The full site shows original line numbers, and has some explanatory notes, and you should use it if you use this material for one of your written topics. Book I: The quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon begins The Greeks have been waging war against Troy and its allies for 10 years, and in raids against smaller allies, have already won war prizes including women like Chryseis and Achilles’ girl, Briseis. Sing, Goddess, sing of the rage of Achilles, son of Peleus— that murderous anger which condemned Achaeans to countless agonies and threw many warrior souls deep into Hades, leaving their dead bodies carrion food for dogs and birds— all in fulfilment of the will of Zeus. Start at the point where Agamemnon, son of Atreus, that king of men, quarrelled with noble Achilles. Which of the gods incited these two men to fight? That god was Apollo, son of Zeus and Leto. Angry with Agamemnon, he cast plague down onto the troops—deadly infectious evil. For Agamemnon had dishonoured the god’s priest, Chryses, who’d come to the ships to find his daughter, Chryseis, bringing with him a huge ransom. In his hand he held up on a golden staff the scarf sacred to archer god Apollo. He begged Achaeans, above all the army’s leaders, the two sons of Atreus: “Menelaus, Agamemnon, sons of Atreus, all you well-armed Achaeans, may the gods on Olympus grant you wipe out Priam’s city, and then return home safe and sound. -
Iliad Book I
Iliad Book I 1. Who were the sons of Atreus? 2. Who asked Apollo to curse the Greeks and why? 3. Did the Achaeans know why Apollo plagued them at first? 4. What had to be done to stop the plague? 5. Why did Agamemnon refuse? 6. What are Myrmidons? 7. What did Agamemnon take and from whom to replace Chryseis? 8. Who stopped Achilles from killing Agamemnon? 9. Which Achaean leader claimed to know Theseus? Extra: Find Pylos on a map and read the story of Theseus and the Minotaur. 10. What did Agamemnon do instead of giving back Chryseis? 11. To whom did Achilles turn for help when he lost Briseis? Extra: Read the story of the marriage of Peleus and Thetis and the story of Achilles’ birth. 12. Why did Achilles think she could persuade Zeus? 13. What did Achilles want? 14. Where was Zeus? Extra: Find modern Ethiopia on a map. 15. What three actions did the Achaeans take at the temple to appease Apollo? 1. 2. 3. 16. How did Zeus indicate he would do as Thetis asked? 17. Who tried to change Zeus’ mind? 18. How did Hephaestus become injured? Iliad Book II 1. The evil or false dream was sent to Agamemnon by _______________. Extra: Keep a list of the gods/goddesses on each side of the war. 2. The dream came to Agamemnon as who? 3. Agamemnon’s staff had been made by whom? And how was it acquired? 4. When the Achaean troops assemble Agamemnon tells them that Zeus wanted them to do what? 5. -
Divine Riddles: a Sourcebook for Greek and Roman Mythology March, 2014
Divine Riddles: A Sourcebook for Greek and Roman Mythology March, 2014 E. Edward Garvin, Editor What follows is a collection of excerpts from Greek literary sources in translation. The intent is to give students an overview of Greek mythology as expressed by the Greeks themselves. But any such collection is inherently flawed: the process of selection and abridgement produces a falsehood because both the narrative and meta-narrative are destroyed when the continuity of the composition is interrupted. Nevertheless, this seems the most expedient way to expose students to a wide range of primary source information. I have tried to keep my voice out of it as much as possible and will intervene as editor (in this Times New Roman font) only to give background or exegesis to the text. All of the texts in Goudy Old Style are excerpts from Greek or Latin texts (primary sources) that have been translated into English. Ancient Texts In the field of Classics, we refer to texts by Author, name of the book, book number, chapter number and line number.1 Every text, regardless of language, uses the same numbering system. Homer’s Iliad, for example, is divided into 24 books and the lines in each book are numbered. Hesiod’s Theogony is much shorter so no book divisions are necessary but the lines are numbered. Below is an example from Homer’s Iliad, Book One, showing the English translation on the left and the Greek original on the right. When citing this text we might say that Achilles is first mentioned by Homer in Iliad 1.7 (i.7 is also acceptable). -
Chapter 4: Homer and the Iliad
Chapter 4: Homer and The Iliad I. An Introduction to Homeric Epic A. The Cypria: The Background to The Iliad and the Trojan War The stories we'll review below once comprised an ancient Greek epic called The Cypria. Like all such works except Homer's The Iliad and The Odyssey, this poem consists now of only a few random fragments. Termed as a group the epic cycle, these three along with several other long narrative poems told the complete story of the Trojan War, episode by episode. 1. The Plot of The Cypria The myth of the Trojan War begins long before the hostilities erupted. Like so many extended conflicts, it starts at a wedding, actually a bit before the nuptials themselves with the reason for the wedding, an oracle which proclaimed that the male who sired offspring by Thetis, the sea nymph, would procreate a son greater than himself. It was essentially a warning to Zeus not to dally with Thetis, as he was wont to do among lesser female deities and mortal women. To universal surprise and acclaim, Zeus saw the wisdom in this and managed to contain himself for once. He decided instead to give Thetis in marriage to a mortal. After all, who cares if she gives birth to a son who's greater than some mere mortal, right? A good idea, but it didn't turned out well. Zeus bestowed the sea nymph as bride on Peleus, a Greek king. The gods held a magnificent wedding for them on Olympus and invited everyone except Eris, the goddess of discord. -
Bulfinch's Mythology the Age of Fable by Thomas Bulfinch
1 BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY THE AGE OF FABLE BY THOMAS BULFINCH Table of Contents PUBLISHERS' PREFACE ........................................................................................................................... 3 AUTHOR'S PREFACE ................................................................................................................................. 4 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 7 ROMAN DIVINITIES ............................................................................................................................ 16 PROMETHEUS AND PANDORA ............................................................................................................ 18 APOLLO AND DAPHNE--PYRAMUS AND THISBE CEPHALUS AND PROCRIS ............................ 24 JUNO AND HER RIVALS, IO AND CALLISTO--DIANA AND ACTAEON--LATONA AND THE RUSTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 32 PHAETON .................................................................................................................................................. 41 MIDAS--BAUCIS AND PHILEMON ....................................................................................................... 48 PROSERPINE--GLAUCUS AND SCYLLA ............................................................................................. 53 PYGMALION--DRYOPE-VENUS -
Odysseus and a Phoenician Tale* Russell J
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Вестник СПбГУ. Философия и конфликтология. 2018. Т. 34. Вып. 2 UDC 94(3) provided by Saint Petersburg State University Odysseus and a Phoenician tale* Russell J. R. Harvard University, Massachusetts Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138 For citation: Russell J. R. Odysseus and a Phoenician tale. Vestnik of Saint Petesrburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 2, pp. 233–250. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/ spbu17.2018.208 The question of the authorship of the two Homeric epics — whether there was one Homer, or two — has vexed scholars since the inception of critical literary study. The more bellicose, less inner and mysterious Iliad was by far the more popular poem in antiquity. And although the later Aeneid of Virgil tendentiously fuses together war and nostos (homecoming), it is of arms and a man, not a man of many ways and wiles, that the Roman poet sings. Odysseus is likened, invidiously, to a Canaanite (Phoenician) traveling merchant in his flexibility and adaptability — he, the “rootless cosmopolitan” of his remote age, resonates with the predica- ment of alienation of modern man and with the psychological depth of the modern literary sensibility, then bellicose, candid, limited Achilles and Aeneas. It is proposed in the article that the Odyssey employs the topos of a man traveling in search of lost members of his family, with a happy resolution, that seems indeed to have been peculiarly popular over many centuries with Phoenicians and Carthaginians. The author suggests indeed that Menaechmus, the name of a character in a play based on this topos with a Punic setting that might even have been performed, in a Northwest Semitic translation in Qart adašt (Newtown, i.e., Carthage) itself, is merely the very common Hebrew name Menachem. -
Divine Genealogies: a Sourcebook for Greek and Roman Mythology
Divine Genealogies: A Sourcebook for Greek and Roman Mythology E. Edward Garvin, Editor ©2015 What follows is a collection of excerpts from Greek literary sources in translation. The intent is to give students an overview of Greek mythology as expressed by the Greeks themselves. But any such collection is inherently flawed: the process of selection and abridgement produces a falsehood because both the narrative and meta-narrative are destroyed when the continuity of the composition is interrupted. Nevertheless, this seems the most expedient way to expose students to a wide range of primary source information. I have tried to keep my voice out of it as much as possible and will intervene as editor (in this Times New Roman font) only to give background or exegesis to the text. All of the texts in Goudy Old Style are excerpts from Greek or Latin texts (primary sources) that have been translated into English. Ancient Texts In the field of Classics, we refer to texts by Author, name of the book, book number, chapter number and line number.1 Every text, regardless of language, uses the same numbering system. Homer’s Iliad, for example, is divided into 24 books and the lines in each book are numbered. Hesiod’s Theogony is much shorter so no book divisions are necessary but the lines are numbered. Below is an example from Homer’s Iliad, Book One, showing the English translation on the left and the Greek original on the right. When citing this text we might say that Achilles is first mentioned by Homer in Iliad 1.7 (i.7 is also acceptable).