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Remembering Dr Goh Keng Swee by Kwa Chong Guan (1918–2010) Head of External Programmes S
4 Spotlight Remembering Dr Goh Keng Swee By Kwa Chong Guan (1918–2010) Head of External Programmes S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies Nanyang Technological University Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong declared in his eulogy at other public figures in Britain, the United States or China, the state funeral for Dr Goh Keng Swee that “Dr Goh was Dr Goh left no memoirs. However, contained within his one of our nation’s founding fathers.… A whole generation speeches and interviews are insights into how he wished of Singaporeans has grown up enjoying the fruits of growth to be remembered. and prosperity, because one of our ablest sons decided to The deepest recollections about Dr Goh must be the fight for Singapore’s independence, progress and future.” personal memories of those who had the opportunity to How do we remember a founding father of a nation? Dr interact with him. At the core of these select few are Goh Keng Swee left a lasting impression on everyone he the members of his immediate and extended family. encountered. But more importantly, he changed the lives of many who worked alongside him and in his public career initiated policies that have fundamentally shaped the destiny of Singapore. Our primary memories of Dr Goh will be through an awareness and understanding of the post-World War II anti-colonialist and nationalist struggle for independence in which Dr Goh played a key, if backstage, role until 1959. Thereafter, Dr Goh is remembered as the country’s economic and social architect as well as its defence strategist and one of Lee Kuan Yew’s ablest and most trusted lieutenants in our narrating of what has come to be recognised as “The Singapore Story”. -
Singapore's Chinese-Speaking and Their Perspectives on Merger
Chinese Southern Diaspora Studies, Volume 5, 2011-12 南方華裔研究雜志, 第五卷, 2011-12 “Flesh and Bone Reunite as One Body”: Singapore’s Chinese- speaking and their Perspectives on Merger ©2012 Thum Ping Tjin* Abstract Singapore’s Chinese speakers played the determining role in Singapore’s merger with the Federation. Yet the historiography is silent on their perspectives, values, and assumptions. Using contemporary Chinese- language sources, this article argues that in approaching merger, the Chinese were chiefly concerned with livelihoods, education, and citizenship rights; saw themselves as deserving of an equal place in Malaya; conceived of a new, distinctive, multiethnic Malayan identity; and rejected communist ideology. Meanwhile, the leaders of UMNO were intent on preserving their electoral dominance and the special position of Malays in the Federation. Finally, the leaders of the PAP were desperate to retain power and needed the Federation to remove their political opponents. The interaction of these three factors explains the shape, structure, and timing of merger. This article also sheds light on the ambiguity inherent in the transfer of power and the difficulties of national identity formation in a multiethnic state. Keywords: Chinese-language politics in Singapore; History of Malaya; the merger of Singapore and the Federation of Malaya; Decolonisation Introduction Singapore’s merger with the Federation of Malaya is one of the most pivotal events in the country’s history. This process was determined by the ballot box – two general elections, two by-elections, and a referendum on merger in four years. The centrality of the vote to this process meant that Singapore’s Chinese-speaking1 residents, as the vast majority of the colony’s residents, played the determining role. -
Folio No: DM.036 Folio Title: Correspondence (Official) With
Folio No: DM.036 Folio Title: Correspondence (Official) with Chief Minister Content Description: Correspondence with Lim Yew Hock re: official matters, re-opening of Constitutional Talks and views of Australian interference in Merdeka process. Includes letter to GE Boggars on Chia Thye Poh and correspondence, as Chairman of Workers' Party, with Tunku Abdul Rahman re: merger of Singapore with Malaya. Also included is a typescript of discussion with Chou En-lai on Chinese citizenship and notes on Lee Kuan Yew's stand on several issues ITEM DOCUMENT DIGITIZATION ACCESS DOCUMENT CONTENT NO DATE STATUS STATUS Copy of notes on Lee Kuan Yew's views and statements on nationalisation, citizenship, elections, democracy, DM.036.001 Undated Digitized Open education and multi-lingualism [extracted from Legislative Assembly records] from 1955 - 1959 Letter to the Chief Minister re: Radio Malaya broadcast DM.036.002 13/6/1956 Digitized Open of [horse] race results Request to the Chief Minister to follow up on pensions DM.036.003 18/6/1956 Digitized Open under the civil liabilities scheme DM.036.004 20/6/1956 Reply from Lim Yew Hock re: action taken re: DM.36.3 Digitized Open Letter to the Chief Minister re: view of interference DM.036.005 20/6/1956 from Australian government in independence Digitized Open movement, offering solution DM.036.006 25/6/1956 From Chief Minister re: S Araneta's identity Digitized Open Letter to Chief Minister's Office enclosing from The Old DM.036.007 2/11/1956 Digitized Open Fire Engine Shop, USA Letter to Gerald de Cruz, -
Introduction 1. Literally, They Are Called Asia's Four Little Dragons. Some
Notes Introduction 1. Literally, they are called Asia's Four Little Dragons. Some prefer to call them Asia's Gang of Four. 2. This is particularly a view stressed by the theory of dependency, according to which colonialism has benefited the industrial countries in terms of the colony's supply of raw materials or cheap labour for the development of industries in the advanced countries. For a brief introduction of the concept, see Nicholas Abercombie, 1984, p. 65. 1 Social Background 1. In Singapore, considering that US$111 per month was the poverty line of the year 1976, the allowance of US$47.4 per household under the public assistance scheme was far below subsistence level (Heyzer, 1983, p. 119). In Hong Kong, most of those who receive public assistance have only about US$2 a day for their living expenses (HKAR, 1988, p. 150). Moreover, neither unemployment insurance nor the International Labour Organisation Convention (No. 102) on Social Security has been introduced. 2. The term 'caste', as suggested by Harumi Befu (1971, p. 121), refers to its 'class' frozen characteristics. Due to the limitation of stipends and the disposition of the Edo samurai to lead extravagant lives, the samurai faced considerable financial difficulties. These financial difficulties forced them to join in merchant activities and even to rely on the financial help of merchants. Thus more and more daimyo and samurai were in debt to merchants (see 1971, p. 122; Lehmann, 1982, pp. 70-1, 85). 3. The definitions of "art" is far wider in Japan than in the West. -
Transcript of the Question and Answer Session at a Public Forum Organised by the University of Singapore Students' Union on Mo
1 TRANSCRIPT OF THE QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSION AT A PUBLIC FORUM ORGANISED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE STUDENTS’ UNION ON MONDAY THE 27TH AUGUST, 1962. QUESTION BY JOSEPH LYNUS: After careful scrutiny we have been convinced that the change from nationality to citizenship has just been a change in nomenclature. You, Mr. Lee, earlier maintained that there was no difference between the meaning of these terms. Since you now use the term “citizenship” as opposed to “nationality”, we see an inconsistency in your terms. Please explain yourself. Prime Minister: I am sorry that Mr. Lynus believes that I have been inconsistent. I have always maintained that the State Advocate-General of Singapore was absolutely right when he said there was in law no distinction between the concept of a common nationality or a common citizenship. However, apart from what the law was, we had to take into consideration the political propaganda on the ground. And I LKY/1962/LKY0827B.doc 2 say this, quite simply, my enemies took a dangerous line when they had insisted that citizenship was different from nationality and they wanted citizenship. Well, you remember Mr. Marshall, he is a man not unlearned in the law, he came before this very same gathering two months ago, and he said this: “We do not quarrel about proportional representation. “We do not quarrel about with their insistence that Singapore politicians should vote or stand for election in the Federation. So we say, ‘we accept it Tengku, but let us have a common citizenship and let us have a common constitutional disability that no Federation citizen can stand or vote in Singapore. -
235 Malaysias Coming Election
MALAYSIA’S COMING ELECTION: BEYOND COMMUNALISM? Asia Report N°235 – 1 October 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. MALAYSIA’S COMMUNAL POLITICS ...................................................................... 2 A. THE 1969 RIOTS .......................................................................................................................... 3 B. POLITICAL GAME CHANGERS ....................................................................................................... 4 1. Expanding middle class ............................................................................................................... 4 2. Competition over Islam ................................................................................................................ 5 3. Manipulation of Sino-Malay tensions .......................................................................................... 6 4. Reformasi and the growth of civil society ................................................................................... 7 III. THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM ......................................................................................... 8 IV. THE BERSIH MOVEMENT ......................................................................................... 10 V. THE ISSUES ................................................................................................................... -
An Analysis of the Underlying Factors That Affected Malaysia-Singapore Relations During the Mahathir Era: Discords and Continuity
An Analysis of the Underlying Factors That Affected Malaysia-Singapore Relations During the Mahathir Era: Discords and Continuity Rusdi Omar Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Discipline of Politics and International Studies School of History and Politics Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences The University of Adelaide May 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS i ABSTRACT v DECLARATION vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS ix GLOSSARY xii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Introductory Background 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem 3 1.3. Research Aims and Objectives 5 1.4. Scope and Limitation 6 1.5. Literature Review 7 1.6. Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework 17 1.7. Research Methodology 25 1.8. Significance of Study 26 1.9. Thesis Organization 27 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MALAYSIA-SINGAPORE RELATIONS 30 2.1. Introduction 30 2.2. The Historical Background of Malaysia 32 2.3. The Historical Background of Singapore 34 2.4. The Period of British Colonial Rule 38 i 2.4.1. Malayan Union 40 2.4.2. Federation of Malaya 43 2.4.3. Independence for Malaya 45 2.4.4. Autonomy for Singapore 48 2.5. Singapore’s Inclusion in the Malaysian Federation (1963-1965) 51 2.6. The Period after Singapore’s Separation from Malaysia 60 2.6.1. Tunku Abdul Rahman’s Era 63 2.6.2 Tun Abdul Razak’s Era 68 2.6.3. Tun Hussein Onn’s Era 76 2.7. Conclusion 81 3 CONTENTIOUS ISSUES IN MALAYSIA-SINGAPORE RELATIONS 83 3.1. Introduction to the Issues Affecting Relations Between Malaysia and Singapore 83 3.2. -
DM.029 Folio Title: Labour Front Correspondence Content Description: Party Correspondence and Other Documents, List of Venues for the "Meet the People" Sessions
Folio No: DM.029 Folio Title: Labour Front Correspondence Content Description: Party correspondence and other documents, list of venues for the "meet the People" sessions. Includes extract of a speech by the Chief Minister of Malaya on 20 Feb 1956 and invitation to the various party leaders to an All-Party Rally, arrangements at the airport to send David Marshall off, and anonymous letters. Correspondents include: Keng Ban Ee Er, Richard C.H. Lim, Lim Yew Hock, and S.H. Moffat ITEM DOCUMENT DIGITIZATION ACCESS DOCUMENT CONTENT NO DATE STATUS STATUS Memo from Keng Ban Ee enclosing List of venues for DM.29.001 2/2/1955 Digitized Open "Meet the People Sessions" Letter from Rabbi Harold H Gordon re: meeting up in DM.29.002 12/1/1956 Digitized Open New York Letter from Omar bin Salleh announcing appointment of DM.29.003 16/2/1956 S Devaraj, G Abishigenaden and Madam E Vaithinatha as Digitized Open Organisers of Cairnhill Division Letter from SH Moratt of the Labour Party of Israel, re: DM.29.004 1/2/1956 Digitized Open developments in Israel Letter from S Ramachandra, with views on immigrant and DM.29.005 6/2/1956 other issues, enclosing news clipping from Singapore Digitized Open Standard dated 2 Feb 1955 DM.29.006 9/2/1956 Anonymous letter chiding about "bad language" Digitized Open Letter from EH Koh offering service for the proposed DM.29.007 16/1/1956 Digitized Open Ministry of Labour and Industry DM.29.008 20/2/1956 Follow up letter to DM.29.7 Digitized Open Extract of speech by the Chief Minister of the Federation DM.29.009 21/2/1956 -
Our Symbols, Our Spirit, Our Singapore
Our Symbols, Our Spirit, Our Singapore 1 “Honouring and respecting our symbols, however, is not something that is achieved only by legal regimes or protecting copyright; we must also cultivate and sustain the strong connection and respect that Singaporeans feel for symbols and songs. All of us have a part to play in upholding our symbols and passing them down to future generations.” Mr Edwin Tong Minister for Culture, Community and Youth and Second Minister for Law Response to Parliamentary Question on Safeguarding the use of our national symbols and national songs, 2021 2 04 A Cherished History, A National Identity How do we visually unite a young nation? 1959: National Flag 1959: National Anthem 1959: National Coat of Arms (State Crest) 1966: National Pledge 1981: National Flower 1986: Lion Head Symbol 1964: The Merlion 23 Through the Lens of Today Do our symbols mean the same to us? 32 The Future of Our Symbols Will Singapore need new national symbols? 38 Our Symbols, Our Spirit, Our Singapore 39 Acknowledgement A report by the Citizens’ Workgroup for National Symbols (2021) 3 A CHERISHED HISTORY, A NATIONAL IDENTITY "They were necessary symbols… since although we were not really independent in 1959 but self-governing, it was necessary right from the beginning that we should rally enough different races together as a Singapore nation." Dr Toh Chin Chye Former Deputy Prime Minister National Archives of Singapore, 1989 4 HOW DO WE VISUALLY UNITE A YOUNG NATION? From renewing our commitment by reciting the National Pledge, to singing the National Anthem, and hanging the National Flag approaching 9th August; How have the symbols of Singapore become familiar sights and sounds that make us wonder what it means to be a Singaporean? Our oldest national symbols were unveiled in 1959 before Singapore gained independence, and much has changed in Singapore since. -
Class and Politics in Malaysian and Singaporean Nation Building
CLASS AND POLITICS IN MALAYSIAN AND SINGAPOREAN NATION BUILDING Muhamad Nadzri Mohamed Noor, M.A. Political Science College of Business, Government and Law Flinders University Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2017 Page Left Deliberately Blank. Abstract This study endeavours to deliver an alternative account of the study of nation-building by examining the subject matter eclectically from diverse standpoints, predominantly that of class in Southeast Asia which is profoundly dominated by ‘cultural’ perspectives. Two states in the region, Malaysia and Singapore, have been selected to comprehend and appreciate the nature of nation-building in these territories. The nation-building processes in both of the countries have not only revolved around the national question pertaining to the dynamic relations between the states and the cultural contents of the racial or ethnic communities in Malaysia and Singapore; it is also surrounded, as this thesis contends, by the question of class - particularly the relations between the new capitalist states’ elites (the rulers) and their masses (the ruled). More distinctively this thesis perceives nation-building as a project by political elites for a variety of purposes, including elite entrenchment, class (re)production and regime perpetuation. The project has more to do with ‘class-(re)building’ and ‘subject- building’ rather than ‘nation-building’. Although this thesis does not eliminate the significance of culture in the nation-building process in both countries; it is explicated that cultures were and are heavily employed to suit the ruling class’s purpose. Hence, the cultural dimension shall be used eclectically with other perspectives. -
Folio No: DM.044 Folio Title: Speeches Content Description: Texts of Speeches Mostly by David Marshall. Includes Lim Yew Hock'
Folio No: DM.044 Folio Title: Speeches Content Description: Texts of speeches mostly by David Marshall. Includes Lim Yew Hock's speech prior to departure to London for the Constitutional Talks in 1957, Discourse on Socialism by Francis Thomas, speech by Chew Swee Kee on the Dissolution of the Singapore Middle Schools Students Union and the Budget Speech by Tom Hart on 7 Nov 1956. Also includes a list of questions posed to the Workers Party by Nanyang Siang Pau re: City Council elections. [Unidentifiable amendments to speeches are not indexed] ITEM DOCUMENT DIGITIZATION ACCESS DOCUMENT CONTENT NO DATE STATUS STATUS DM.044.001 Undated Note of praise on speech by Vernon Bartlett Digitized Open Speech to Foochow Coffee, Restaurant and Bar DM.044.002 14/11/1956 Digitized Open Employees Union DM.044.003 19/11/1956 Speech in the Legislative Assembly Digitized Open What I Believe [address to the] University Democratic DM.044.004 24/1/1957 Digitized Open Club Speech on "Citizenship and Merdeka" at Kong Hwa DM.044.005 10/3/1958 Digitized Open School Letter to William Tan, enclosing copy of speech to group DM.044.006 13/3/1957 of Chinese associations at Kong Hwa School on 10 Mar Digitized Open 1957 (DM.44.5) Letter to Yap Pheng Geck, enclosing copy of speech to DM.044.007 13/3/1957 group of Chinese associations at Kong Hwa School on 10 Digitized Open Mar 1957 (DM.44.5) Letter to Francis Thomas, enclosing copy of speech to DM.044.008 12/3/1957 group of Chinese associations at Kong Hwa School on 10 Digitized Open Mar 1957 (DM.44.5) Speech at a convention -
Parliamentary Debates
Volume II '^ fi Tuesday No. 48 i 22nd March, 1966 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DEWAN RA'AYAT (HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) OFFICIAL REPORT SECOND SESSION OF THE SECOND PARLIAMENT OF MALAYSIA CONTENTS EARLIER ADJOURNMENT (Motion) [Col. 6829] ORAL ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS [Col. 6830] BILL PRESENTED [Col. 68531 BILLS: The Preservation of Books Bill [Col. 6854] The Diplomatic Privileges (Vienna Convention) Bill [Col. 6858] The Internal Security (Amendment) Bill [Col. 6860] The Registration of Guests (Amendment) Bill [Col. 6897] The Minor Offences (Amendment) Bill [Col. 6899] The Cinematograph Films (Amendment) Bill [Col. 6904] The Common Gaming Houses (Amendment) Bill [Col. 6905] The Civil Law (Amendment) Bill [Col. 69131 The Supplementary Supply (1965) Bill [Col. 6918] ADJOURNMENT SPEECH: East Coast States of Malaya Floods [Col. 6921] DI-CHETAK DI-JABATAN CHETAK KERAJAAN OLEH THOR BENG CHONG, A.M.N., PENCHETAK KERAJAAN, KUALA LUMPUR 1967 MALAYSIA DEWAN RA'AYAT (HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) Official Report Second Session of the Second Dewan Ra`ayat Tuesday, 22nd March, 1966 The House met at Ten o'clock a.m. PRESENT : The Honourable Mr Speaker , DATO' CHIK MOHAMED YUSUF BIN SHEIKH ABDUL RAHMAN, S.P.M.P., J.P., Dato' Bendahara, Perak. „ the Prime Minister, Minister of External Affairs and Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports, Y.T.M. TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA AL-HAJ, K.O.M. (Kuala Kedah). the Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Defence and Minister of National and Rural Development, TUN HAJI ABDUL RAZAK BIN DATO' HUSSAIN, S.M.N. (Pekan). the Minister of Home Affairs and Minister of Justice, DATO' DR ISMAIL BIN DATO' HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN, P.M.N.