Battles with the Iroquois Confederacy in Western New York

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Battles with the Iroquois Confederacy in Western New York EXCLUSIVE RULEBOOK Battles with the Iroquois Confederacy in Western New York Game Design by Mark Miklos (Newtown) & Don Hanle (Oriskany) © 2013 GMT Games, LLC 2 Newtown & Oriskany Newtown Combat Units Replacement Counters INDIAN Player The counter sheet includes 10 replacement combat units and 5 markers for previous games in the Battles of the American Revolution series. Saratoga (“Next Day” scenario) Tan with no stripe: Indians Tan with red stripe: British Regulars Tan with yellow stripe: Provincials MacKay’s Corp (new unit) Tan with brown stripe: Tory Militia Queen’s Loyal Rangers (new unit) AMERICAN Player British HQ (new marker) Brandywine Creek Blue with no stripe: Continentals Blue with light blue stripe: Patriot Militia 2nd N.J. Volunteer Artillery (new unit) Eutaw Springs Oriskany Combat Units (The thin white horizontal stripe denotes an Oriskany unit) BRITISH Player Palmetto Foot (Strength Points have been increased from 1 to 2 and the unit now has a reduced side) 2nd Royal Highland Emigrants (new unit) Savannah Tan with red stripe: British Regulars Tan with yellow stripe: Provincials Tan with green stripe: Hessians Tan with brown stripe: Tory Militia & British-allied Indians AMERICAN Player Georgia Volunteers (Unit Morale has been degraded from 0 to –1) Volunteers of Ireland (new unit; Design Note: This ad- hoc unit also includes Maryland Loyalists, the 4th N.J. Volunteers and infantry from Tarleton’s British Legion) Georgia Lt. Dragoons (new unit) Blue with no stripe: Continentals Blue with light blue stripe: Patriot Militia & American- Pensacola allied Indians Shared Markers In order to conserve counter mix space, many markers are shared Fijo de Luisiana (new unit) between both games. In addition, the Ambush markers (front- side) are used in Oriskany while the Failed Resolve markers Germantown (back-side) are used in Newtown. 2nd N.J. Volunteer Artillery (new unit) Momentum Destroyed Withdrawal Disrupted Friendly Fire/Panic (four additional markers) © 2013 GMT Games, LLC Newtown Exclusive Rules 3 Newtown Exclusive Rules T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S I. Prepare for Play ........................................ 3 IV. Special Rules ........................................... 5 1. Game Length ........................................ 3 1. Destroying Newtown Hexes .................. 5 2. Player Order .......................................... 3 2. Opportunity Cards ................................. 5 3. At-Start Army Morale ........................... 3 V. Indian Rules ............................................ 6 4. Momentum ............................................ 3 1. Honor .................................................... 6 5. Deployment .......................................... 3 2. Movement Phases ................................. 6 6. Optional Unit Selection ......................... 3 3. Sortie .................................................... 7 7. Indian Honor ......................................... 4 4. Resolve ................................................. 7 8. Pre-game Indian Enhancement .............. 4 5. Ambush ................................................. 8 9. Activation Markers................................ 4 6. Ferocity ................................................ 8 10. Opportunity Cards ............................... 4 7. Retreat before Combat .......................... 8 II. How to Win .............................................. 4 8. Withdrawal ........................................... 9 1. Indian Decisive Victory ......................... 4 9. Evasion ................................................. 9 2. American Decisive Victory .................... 4 VI. Special Units ........................................... 9 3. Substantial Victory ................................ 4 1. 8th Foot (Platoon) ................................. 9 4. Marginal Victory ................................... 4 2. Seven Nations ....................................... 10 5. Victory Point Schedule .......................... 4 3. Onondaga .............................................. 10 III. Series Rules Variations .......................... 4 4. Provisional NY Battalion and Joseph 1. Leaders ................................................. 4 Brant’s Mohawks............................... 10 2. Retreat Priorities ................................... 4 5. The Cattle Herd ..................................... 10 3. Stacking Exception ............................... 5 Newtown Historical Scenario ....................... 11 4. Limited American Intelligence .............. 5 5. Strategic Movement .............................. 5 Newtown Historical Essay ............................ 12 6. Combat ................................................. 5 Newtown Order of Battle .............................. 15 Design Note: Despite our efforts to maintain accurate period 1.3 At-Start Army Morale names for all map features, three locations have post-battle American: 14, Indian: 13 nomenclature due to inconclusive research into their pre- battle identification: 1.4 Momentum Newtown: “Sullivan’s Hill” and “Butler’s Creek” The Americans begin the game with one Momentum Chit. Oriskany: “Bloody Creek” 1.5 Deployment Both sides deploy their units either I. Prepare for Play by the at-start hex or turn of entry indicated on the counters. 1.1 Game Length At-start hex Turn of entry The game begins at 8:00 AM (Turn 1) and ends at 7:00 PM (Turn 12) unless either a Decisive or Substantial Victory is achieved prior to the final turn (see Section II). 1.6 Optional Unit Selection Both players must agree on the use/disuse of the Optional 1.2 Player Order Seven Nations Indian player combat unit (Rule 6.2) before Only the American player moves on Game Turn 1, there- rolling for Indian Honor (Rule 1.7) or Pre-game Indian after the player order is determined randomly per Series Enhancement (Rule 1.8). Rule 6.0. © 2013 GMT Games, LLC 4 Newtown Exclusive Rules 1.7 Indian Honor 2.4 Marginal Victory The Indian player rolls on the Indian Honor Table to de- If neither player achieves a decisive or Substantial Vic- termine which combat unit begins the game with honor tory by the end of the game, the American player must (Rule 5.1). have at least 9 more VPs than the Indian player to earn an American Marginal Victory. Any other result is an Indian 1.8 Pre-game Indian Enhancement Marginal Victory. • Set the following markers and Random Event combat units (labeled RE) aside for use with the Pre-game In- 2.5 Victory Point Schedule dian Enhancement Table: War Dance, French Margaret, 2.5.1 Leader Casualties: See the Leader Loss Table. Visions, Big Medicine, Wampum Belt, Tiahogwando, 2.5.2 Indian Player Only: 2 VPs are awarded if the Cattle Capt. Montour, 8th Foot, and Mohawk Valley. Herd is captured (see Rule 6.5.3). • The Indian player rolls on the Pre-game Indian En- hancement Table and applies the result. 2.5.3 American Player Only: VPs are awarded if there • The Table will indicate which marker or RE combat are no Indian player combat units in any breastwork unit, if any, is required and how it is to be applied. hexes at the end of the Indian Final Movement Phase on Turns 5-8 (based on a sliding scale shown on the Game 1.9 Activation Markers Turn Track). Place the Breastwork Abandoned marker on 1.9.1 Pre-Game Marker Placement – Indian Player Only the Turn Track as a reminder. If the Indian player subse- quently occupies at least one breastwork hex there is no • Place Activation-Movement markers for each Indian further VP adjustment. tribe/clan in an opaque container. • If the Seven Nations unit is in play (Rule 1.6), add its marker to the container (Rule 6.2). III. Series Rules Variations • If the Onondaga unit is in play (Rule 1.8), add its marker 3.1 Leaders to the container (Rule 6.3). 3.1.1 Indian Seniority: The Indian player has three 1.9.2 Marker Additions During Play Leader units: Old Smoke, Colonel John Butler and Corn- • The moment that American player and planter. The following rules apply to these leaders: Indian player combat units become adja- • Old Smoke & Cornplanter can command any Indian units. cent to one another, the Combat marker is • John Butler can command Butler’s Rangers, the 8th Foot immediately added to the container. [Platoon or Battalion] and the Mohawk Valley Militia. • As soon as Indian Resolve is triggered (Rule • If Indian and non-Indian units are stacked together with 5.4), the Indian Resolve marker is added to John Butler and Cornplanter, the Indian player may the container during the End Phase of the designate either of these leaders to command the entire Indian Player Turn. stack. Old Smoke cannot command a mixed stack. 1.10 Opportunity Cards (Rule 4.2) • If Butler has the Wampum Belt, he may command Each player draws one card from his or her respective deck. Indian units alone. • Joseph Brant is a demi-leader for himself, II. How to Win the Mohawk Valley Militia and any Indian units with whom he is stacked. 2.1 Indian Decisive Victory 3.1.2 American Seniority: The American player also has Eliminate 7 SPs of American combat units (except artil- three Leader units: Major General Sullivan, Brigadier lery). General Clinton and Brigadier General Poor. All Ameri- can leaders can command any American-controlled units. 2.2 American Decisive Victory Destroy every Newtown hex (Rule 4.1). 3.2 Retreat Priorities 3.2.1 Indian Player: The Indian player retreats toward 2.3 Substantial Victory Newtown or hex 1408 if possible. Either side can achieve a Substantial Victory as indicated 3.2.2 American Player: The American
Recommended publications
  • Edward Wall, a Loyalist in Conflict by Peter C
    Edward Wall, a loyalist in Conflict by Peter C. Betz 178 Noonan Road, Fort Johnson, N.Y. 12070 . Tne author WQufd like to acknowledge. tlze res~~tth fLSSistan~e Of . Mt. Gavin K. Watt, PresUient of the Museum of Applied Milit4ry Mr. Peter C. Betz, a History alU/Lt. Col. William Smy, no,ted Butler's :Rtmgers authority, · native of ...bf>tlz of whom provided information not locally available, as well as Amsterdam . e_<!itorial and very patient cmnputer assistance provided by.Mr. Micha.el NY, grew Johnson. · . .. .. · .. .. up in the Mohawk Th~ - author aL<.Jo wishes to ack~owledge the influence of the late Col Valley, · Charles B, Briggs, past Superintendent ofJohnson Hall State Historic received his Site) who iii the J960's and early 70's was the first area historimi to · BA in acknowledge; research and lecture on the livf!"s, hard~hips and English and History sacrifices of the Loyalist.<;. from the University tic assertions dating back no further than tcr-as-tyrant, a characterization, no doubt of Vermont the writings of factually-liberal nine­ sometimes correct in Simms' own era. in 1965 and his Masters teenth century Ameri c<in historians such But on what primary documentation ol Library as Jcptha R. Simms, w ho in his 1882 Simms claims any authority for applying and Information Science at SUNY, Albany in opus, Frontiersmen of New York de­ this later stereotype to Edw<1rd Wall he 1966. Always interested in New York State scribes Wall as the first man to "use the does not say, si mply because there i s history, he wrote a weekly local history birch", and tells us that, "Wall was a se­ none.
    [Show full text]
  • February 2003 Patriot
    Descendents of America’s First Soldiers Volume 5 Issue 1 February 2003 Printed Four Times Yearly SPAIN AND CUBA IN THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES During the Revolution- lutionary War turned out to be a ary War of the United States the desired opportunity. Spanish help to the colonists was Although France and Spain considerable, and in many cases began their economic aid the decisive. However, American year of the Declaration of Inde- historians, with notable excep- pendence, there were some dif- tions, have ignored this fact, re- ferences in the foreign policy of ferring only to the French contri- the two Bourbon families. In butions. There is always the France, the ideological influence doubt about whether the reason of the encyclopedists and the at- for this omission could be the tractive personality of Benjamin ignorance by American historian Franklin, representative of the of foreign languages or the tradi- Continental Congress of Phila- tional Anglo-Saxon hostility delphia, made the American against Spain. Whatever the rea- Revolution very popular. In son the fact is that most Ameri- Spain, on the contrary, there was cans do not know about that fun- a more conservative and cautious damental aspect of their history. political philosophy because of It is also fair to add that there is a the possible damage the English similar ignorance in Spanish naval power could inflict on the America and the Spanish speak- Spanish American colonies and ing population of the United the Spanish maritime commerce. States, in spite of a growing bib- The main difference in the liography on the subject.
    [Show full text]
  • The Van Cortlandt Family
    THE VAN CORTLANDT FAMILY BY L. EFFINGHAM DE FOREST, A.M., J.D., F.I.A.G. THE HISTORICA.L PUBLICATION SOCIETY NEW YORK Copyright 1930 by THE HISTORICAL PUBLICATION SOCIETY NEW YORK NOTE I This account •bf the Van Cortlandt family was prepared as an example of the articles to. be included in the series of volumes entitled THE OLD NEW YORK F.AMILIES . which will be prepared under the editorial super• vision of L. Effingham de Forest and published by The Historical Publication Soc'iety. THE VAN CORTLANDT FAMILY . HE VAN CORTLANDT family was one of the most L"lfluen­ ,..::::==-.1~91:1.1.:...=:::::::~ tial and prominent in Colonial New York. l11 that small group of families interlocked by marriage and interest which largely controlled th~. Colony, Province and State uritil the decline of aristocracy in the government of N 2w York the Van Cortlandts played a strong hand. In comm~rcial, pol­ itical and military 6elds their importance contin:i~d ·for generation~. · The founder of this f~ily iµ the sµi,all_ Dutch town of New Amsterdam was one Oloff Stevense Van,.Co~landt. Of ' •. ~' • t ,- • his origin many fanciful tales have been told and frequ~n::l y the story has been printed ,that he was a descendant of the Dukes of Co:irland and came to. this country as an officer of Dutch troops. · Even Burke of the "P .'!erag ./' once published this a.ccount of the Van Cortlandt origin but it was quietly dropped from later editions of that particular work on the British gentry• .,, Little is actually known of tbe origin of OloJf Stev~~e.
    [Show full text]
  • Drama at the Van Cortlandt House
    Lesson Plan: Drama at the Van Cortlandt House Architect: Frederick Van Cortlandt Site: Van Cortlandt House, 1748-49 Curriculum Link: High School U.S. History Unit Two: A:3 Colonial experience: political rights and mercantile relationships A:4 The Revolutionary War Project Aim: Students study the architectural and historical site of the Van Cortlandt House, the oldest building in the Bronx, home of the prominent Van Cortlandt family, and strategic location for the Revolutionary War. Vocabulary: Georgian architecture: The classical architectural style current between 1720 and 1840, named after the four British monarchs named George. Georgian Architecture is characterized by its sense of proportion and balance. Georgian designs usually include one or more of the orders of architecture and other elements derived from ancient Rome or Greece. In the United States, this style became unpopular after the Revolution, due to its association with the colonial regime. Column: An upright post, bearing the load of the upper part of a building. It consists of a base, a shaft, and a capital. An engaged column is half a column, attached to a wall, and non-weight bearing. Pilasters: A rectangular engaged column, sometimes decorative, but at other times used to buttress a wall. Description: Oloff Stevense Van Cortlandt was a Dutch merchant who built his fortune through trade. His son, Jacobus Van Cortlandt began purchasing land in the Bronx in 1694, and gradually turned the family business into a wheat plantation with extensive milling operations. Jacobus’ son, Frederick, inherited the estate and commissioned the Van Cortlandt House in 1748. He chose for his house the English Georgian style of architecture, but added details that do not fit in with architectural conventions of the day.
    [Show full text]
  • Bicentennial Source Book, Level I, K-2. INSTITUTION Carroll County Public Schools, Westminster, Md
    --- I. DOCUMENT RESUME ED 106 189 S0,008 316 AUTHOR _Herb, Sharon; And Others TITLE Bicentennial Source Book, Level I, K-2. INSTITUTION Carroll County Public Schools, Westminster, Md. PUB DATE 74 NOTE 149p.; For related guides, see CO 008'317-319 AVAILABLE FROM .Donald P. Vetter, Supervisor of Social Studies, Carroll County Board of Education, Westsinister, Maryland 21157 ($10.00; Set of guides.I-IV $50:00) EDRS PRICE MF-$0..76 HC-Not Available from EDRS..PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *American Studies; Class Activities; *Colonial History (United States); Cultural Activities; Elementary Education; I structionalMaterials; *Learning Activities; Muc Activities; Resource Materials; Revolutionary Wa (United States); Science Activities; *Social Studies; Icher Developed Materials; *United States History IDENTIFIERS *Bicentennial ABSTRACT This student activities source book ii'one of a series of four developed by the Carroll County Public School System, Maryland, for celebration of the Bicentennial. It-is-specifically designed to generate ideas integrating the Bicentennial celebration into various disciplines, classroom activitiese.and school -vide 4vents at the kindergarten through second grade levels. The guide contains 81 activities related to art, music, physical-education, language arts, science, and social studies. Each activity includes objectives, background information, materials and resources, recommended instructional proce ures,and possible variations and modifications. The activities are organized around the Bicentennial themes of Heritage, Horizons, and Festival. Heritage. activities focus on events, values, traditionp, and historical objects of the past. Horizon activities stress challenging the problems of the present and future. Festival activities include such activities as community craft shows, workshops, folk music, and dance performances. (Author /ICE) C BICENTENNIAL SOURCE BOOK LEVEL I .
    [Show full text]
  • Newtown Battlefield 2010
    Newtown Battlefield TO ALL OUR GUESTS NEWTOWN BATTLEFIELD RESERVATION Trails: Park Trails are for pedestrian use only. STATE PARK Reservation Bicycles and horses are not allowed on the trails. STATE PARK 2346 Co. Rt. 60 Rd. Pets: Family pets must be leashed and attended at all Elmira, New York 14901 times. Proof of rabies vaccination must be by Park Office (summer): 607-732-6067 veterinarians certificate - the collar tag will not be Park Office (winter): 607-732-6287 accepted as proof. Regional Office and Park Police: 607-387-7041 [email protected] Respecting Wildlife: Please do not feed or harass any Victoria Srnka, Park Supervisor wildlife while visiting the park. If you see any wildlife that appears ill, leave it alone and contact park IN AN EMERGENCY personnel immediately. If you come in physical Park Police……………………..1-800-255-3577 contact with an animal, report it to a park employee Police, Ambulance, Fire……………….…….911 right away. DAY USE: Permitted activities are posted at the park office. Picnic Areas: Tables and grills Pavilions: Can be reserved 11 months in advance. Special Passes • Six small pavilions. Access Passes: Available to NY residents with • Fireplace Pavilion qualifying disabilities. • Rustic Lodge with kitchen Golden Park Program: For NY residents age 62+ with NY driver’s license or ID card allows unlimited Historic Monument weekday and non-holiday access. Observation Deck with interpretive signs Empire Pass: Unlimited vehicle access to most NY Replica of Native American Village state parks and recreation areas. It can be purchased Play Fields/Ballfield at park offices, shop.parks.ny.gov or by calling Playground 518-474-0458.
    [Show full text]
  • Massacre at Cherry Valley
    THE STORY r>F TIIE MASSACRE AT CHERRY VALLEY, A PAPER READ BY l\1RS. WILLIAM S. LITTLE, BEFORE THE R(>CHESTER HrsTORIC\L SoclETY, ,\XD Pc1:1.JSIIED .\T TIIE RE<JCEST OF THE SOCIETY. The wrikr \\'ishes to acknowledge her indebtedness to the kind criticism and suggestions of her relatives and friends, as well as to the following sources of information: r. ''.Annals of Tyron County, or the Border \Varfare of New York during the Re\·olution, by \Villiam \V. Campbell, LL. D." 2. "Central New York in the Revolution,'' Address delivered hy Douglas Campbell, Esq., at the lll1\·eiling of a monument ll1 commem­ oration of the massacre at Cherry Valley. 3. ":\.n Historical .Account of the Presbyterian Church at Cherry Valley, N. Y.," by Re,·. H. U. Swinnerton, Ph. n. -1-. The Journal of \Vm. ::\IcKendry, a lieutenant in the army of the Revolution, and an original member of the Society of the Cincinnati, published hy the Massachusetts Historical Society, and furnished by the courtesy of Mr. Andre\\· ::\kFarland Davis of the American :-\nti­ quarian Society. j . .--\ Book of "Memorabilia," relating to Cherry \'alley, collected 1>,· ~Ir. Rufus A. (~rider, of Canajoharie, X. Y. THE MASSACRE AT CHERRY VALLEY. " There are fatal days indeed In which the fibrous years have taken root So deeply, that they quiver to their tops, vVhene'er you stir the dust of such a day." The <1uestion is often asked : "\Vhere is Cherry Valley, and why is it so well known ? " First, let us look at its location, for this goes far to explain its prominence.
    [Show full text]
  • Orders of George Washington to General John Sullivan, at Head-Quarters May 31, 1779
    Orders of George Washington to General John Sullivan, at Head-Quarters May 31, 1779 The Expedition you are appointed to command is to be directed against the hostile tribes of the Six Nations of Indians, with their associates and adherents. The immediate objects are the total destruction and devastation of their settlements, and the capture of as many prisoners of every age and sex as possible. It will be essential to ruin their crops now in the ground and prevent their planting more. I would recommend, that some post in the center of the Indian Country, should be occupied with all expedition, with a sufficient quantity of provisions whence parties should be detached to lay waste all the settlements around, with instructions to do it in the most effectual manner, that the country may not be merely overrun, but destroyed. But you will not by any means listen to any overture of peace before the total ruinment of their settlements is effected. Our future security will be in their inability to injure us and in the terror with which the severity of the chastisement they receive will inspire them.[4] The 1779 Sullivan Campaign A Little-Known Offensive Strategic To The War Breaks The Indian Nations' Power by Stanley J. Adamiak The 1779 Sullivan Campaign emerged as one of the larger of the Continental Army's offensives during the American Revolution, yet remains relatively unknown.1 It was an act of reprisal to break the Iroquois Confederation, a Native American political and military alliance that included the Seneca, Cayuga, Mohawk, Onondaga, 0neida, and Tuscarora tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • Continental Army: Valley Forge Encampment
    REFERENCES HISTORICAL REGISTRY OF OFFICERS OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY T.B. HEITMAN CONTINENTAL ARMY R. WRIGHT BIRTHPLACE OF AN ARMY J.B. TRUSSELL SINEWS OF INDEPENDENCE CHARLES LESSER THESIS OF OFFICER ATTRITION J. SCHNARENBERG ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION M. BOATNER PHILADELPHIA CAMPAIGN D. MARTIN AMERICAN REVOLUTION IN THE DELAWARE VALLEY E. GIFFORD VALLEY FORGE J.W. JACKSON PENNSYLVANIA LINE J.B. TRUSSELL GEORGE WASHINGTON WAR ROBERT LECKIE ENCYLOPEDIA OF CONTINENTAL F.A. BERG ARMY UNITS VALLEY FORGE PARK MICROFILM Continental Army at Valley Forge GEN GEORGE WASHINGTON Division: FIRST DIVISION MG CHARLES LEE SECOND DIVISION MG THOMAS MIFFLIN THIRD DIVISION MG MARQUES DE LAFAYETTE FOURTH DIVISION MG BARON DEKALB FIFTH DIVISION MG LORD STIRLING ARTILLERY BG HENRY KNOX CAVALRY BG CASIMIR PULASKI NJ BRIGADE BG WILLIAM MAXWELL Divisions were loosly organized during the encampment. Reorganization in May and JUNE set these Divisions as shown. KNOX'S ARTILLERY arrived Valley Forge JAN 1778 CAVALRY arrived Valley Forge DEC 1777 and left the same month. NJ BRIGADE departed Valley Forge in MAY and rejoined LEE'S FIRST DIVISION at MONMOUTH. Previous Division Commanders were; MG NATHANIEL GREENE, MG JOHN SULLIVAN, MG ALEXANDER MCDOUGEL MONTHLY STRENGTH REPORTS ALTERATIONS Month Fit For Duty Assigned Died Desert Disch Enlist DEC 12501 14892 88 129 25 74 JAN 7950 18197 0 0 0 0 FEB 6264 19264 209 147 925 240 MAR 5642 18268 399 181 261 193 APR 10826 19055 384 188 116 1279 MAY 13321 21802 374 227 170 1004 JUN 13751 22309 220 96 112 924 Totals: 70255 133787 1674 968 1609 3714 Ref: C.M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wyoming Massacre in the American Imagination
    Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2021 "Savage and Bloody Footsteps Through the Valley" : The Wyoming Massacre in the American Imagination William R. Tharp Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Cultural History Commons, and the United States History Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6707 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Savage and Bloody Footsteps Through the Valley” The Wyoming Massacre in the American Imagination A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University By. William R. Tharp Dr. Carolyn Eastman, Advisor Associate Professor, Department of History Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia 14 May 2021 Tharp 1 © William R. Tharp 2021 All Rights Reserved Tharp 2 Abstract Along the banks of the Susquehanna River in early July 1778, a force of about 600 Loyalist and Native American raiders won a lopsided victory against 400 overwhelmed Patriot militiamen and regulars in the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania. While not well-known today, this battle—the Battle of Wyoming—had profound effects on the Revolutionary War and American culture and politics. Quite familiar to early Americans, this battle’s remembrance influenced the formation of national identity and informed Americans’ perceptions of their past and present over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Perspectives on Its Purpose from Published Accounts Preston E
    SOME PERSPECTIVES ON ITS PURPOSE FROM PUBLISHED ACCOUNTS PRESTON E. PIERCE ONTARIO COUNTY HISTORIAN DEPARTMENT OF RECORDS, ARCHIVES AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ERVICES CANANDAIGUA, NEW YORK 2019 (REPRINTED, UPDATED, AND REVISED 2005, 1985) 1 Front cover image: Sullivan monument erected at the entrance to City Pier on Lake Shore Drive, Canandaigua. Sullivan-Clinton Sesquicentennial Commission, 1929. Bronze tablet was a common feature of all monuments erected by the Commission. Image from original postcard negative, circa 1929, in possession of the author. Above: Sullivan-Clinton Sesquicentennial Commission tablet erected at Kashong (Yates County), Rt. 14, south of Geneva near the Ontario County boundary. 1929. Image by the author. 2004 2 Gen. John Sullivan. Image from Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution. v. I. 1860. p. 272. 3 Sullivan-Clinton Campaign monument (front and back) erected in 1929 in Honeoye. Moved several times, it commemorates the location of Ft. Cummings, a temporary base established by Sullivan as he began the final leg of his march to the Genesee River. Images by the author. Forward 4 1979 marked the 200th anniversary of the Sullivan-Clinton expedition against those Iroquois nations that allied themselves with Britain and the Loyalists during the American Revolution. It is a little-understood (more often misunderstood) military incursion with diplomatic, economic, and decided geo-political consequences. Unfortunately, most people, including most municipal historians, know little about the expedition beyond what is recorded on roadside markers. In 1929, during the sesquicentennial celebrations of the American Revolution, the states of New York and Pennsylvania established a special commission that produced a booklet, sponsored local pageants, and erected many commemorative tablets in both states.
    [Show full text]
  • Travis Fink Sean Vitti Battle of Oriskany August 6
    Travis Fink Sean Vitti Battle of Oriskany August 6th, 1777 The Battle of Oriskany was a small scale engagement near the outskirts of Fort Stanwix in Oriskany, New York. A contingent of American militia under the command of General Nicholas Herkimer were attempting to relieve the besieged troops at Stanwix. However they were ambushed by a larger force of British and Mohawk troops.1 To reach the fort, Herkimer’s militia was forced to pass through a ravine near Oriskany Creek.2 Lying in wait was Lieutenant Colonel Barry St. Leger and his troops. The attack made by the British caught the Americans off guard. General Herkimer was wounded during the engagement, but remained on the battle field and continued to coordinate his forces attack.3 The arrival of reinforcements from Fort Stanwix caused the Mohawks to retreat and the battle drew to a close. The Americans suffered an estimated 465 casualties while the British only suffered 150.4 The British continued to provoke the Americans at Stanwix and did not retreat from the area until news of General Arnold’s approaching forces. Although the battle itself wasn’t a success for American forces, the battle still worked to their advantaged. The Battle of Oriskany caused a delay in the movement of British troops and “The British army in the Mohawk Valley failed to keep its rendezvous with 1 “The Battle of Oriskany,” MyRevolutionaryWar.com, accessed April 15, 2010, http://www.myrevolutionarywar.com/battles/770806.htm. 2 “Battle of Oriskany,” U-S-History.com, accessed April 15, 2010, http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1299.html.
    [Show full text]