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PRISM • AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATORS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATORS • A ROTHMAN FOUNDATION PUBLICATION AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATORS EDITORS: DR. KAREN SHAWN, Yeshiva University, New York, NY DR. JEFFREY GLANZ, Yeshiva University, New York, NY EDITORIAL BOARD: DR. ADEN BAR-TURA, Bar-Ilan University, Israel YESHIVA UNIVERSITY • AZRIELI GRADUATE SCHOOL OF JEWISH EDUCATION AND ADMINISTRATION DARRYLE CLOTT, Viterbo University, La Crosse, WI DR. KEREN GOLDFRAD, Bar-Ilan University, Israel BRANA GUREWITSCH, Museum of Jewish Heritage– A Living Memorial to the Holocaust, New York, NY DR. DENNIS KLEIN, Kean University, Union, NJ DR. MARCIA SACHS LITTELL, School of Graduate Studies, The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Pomona SPRING 2012 VOLUME 4 CARSON PHILLIPS, York University, Toronto, Canada DR. ROBERT ROZETT, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, Israel ISSN 1949–2707 DR. DAVID SCHNALL, Yeshiva University, New York, NY DR. WILLIAM SHULMAN, President, Association of Holocaust Organizations, New York, NY DR. SAMUEL TOTTEN, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville DR. WILLIAM YOUNGLOVE, California State University, Long Beach ART EDITOR: DR. PNINA ROSENBERG, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa POETRY EDITOR: DR. CHARLES ADÈS FISHMAN, Emeritus Distinguished Professor, State University of New York ADVISORY BOARD: STEPHEN FEINBERG, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC DR. LEO GOLDBERGER, Professor Emeritus, New York University, NY DR. YAACOV LOZOWICK, Historian, Jerusalem, Israel YITZCHAK MAIS, Historian, Museum Consultant, Jerusalem, Israel RABBI DR. BERNHARD ROSENBERG, Congregation Beth-El, Edison, NJ MARK SARNA, Second Generation, Real Estate Developer, Attorney, Englewood, NJ DR. DAVID SILBERKLANG, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, Israel SIMCHA STEIN, Historian, Upper Galilee, Israel DR. EFRAIM ZUROFF, Simon Wiesenthal Center, Jerusalem, Israel AZRIELI GRADUATE SCHOOL DEPARTMENT EDITORS: DR. SHANI BECHHOFER DR. CHAIM FEUERMAN DR. SCOTT GOLDBERG DR. MOSHE KRAKOWSKI SPRING • VOLUME 2012 4 DR. RONA MILCH NOVICK DR. DAVID PELCOVITZ DR. MOSHE SOKOLOW ART DIRECTOR: EMILY SCHERER STEINBERG, Yeshiva University, New York, NY RESEARCH ASSISTANT: EMILY AMIE WITTY, Yeshiva University, New York, NY PROJECT MANAGER: 2495 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10033 STEVEN SCHLOSS, Yeshiva University, New York, NY www.yu.edu/azrieli COPY EDITOR: RACHEL WITTY, Brooklyn, NY In memory of ז״ל Henry I. Rothman and ע״ה Bertha G. Rothman לחמו מלחמות ה׳ “who lived and fought for Torah-true Judaism” Published through the courtesy of the HENRY, BERTHA and EDWARD ROTHMAN FOUNDATION Rochester, N.Y. • Circleville, Ohio • Cleveland, Ohio RICHARD M. JOEL President of Yeshiva University DR. NORMAN LAMM Chancellor of Yeshiva University DR. DAVID J. SCHNALL MOSHAEL J. STRAUS Dean of AGS Chair of AGS THE HENRY, BERTHA, AND EDWARD ROTHMAN FOUNDATION and the YESHIVA UNIVERSITY BOARD OF TRUSTEES join the AZRIELI GRADUATE SCHOOL OF JEWISH EDUCATION AND ADMINISTRATION BOARD OF OVERSEERS and the ADMINISTRATION, FACULTY, AND STUDENT BODY OF AGS in dedicating this volume of PRISM: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Holocaust Educators A Rothman Foundation Publication to our deeply cherished friend and beloved Benefactor and Trustee of Yeshiva University נ’י DR. DAVID J. AZRIELI The eponym of our Azrieli Graduate School on the forthcoming occasion of his 90th Birthday on May 10, 2012 and in wishing him a happy, healthy and satisfying birthday anniversary together with his loved ones until 120 years and beyond. orn in Makow, Poland, in 1922, David J. Azrieli escaped the Nazis by going to the former USSR for three years, made his way across Europe and Central Asia, and landed in the pre- State of Israel in 1942. He served in Israel’s Seventh Brigade in the War of Independence, Bstudied architecture at the Technion, left Israel to come to NY where he attended Yeshiva Univer- sity for a year, and went to Montreal, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Montreal’s Thomas More Institute. He met and married his wonderful lifetime partner, Stephanie Lefcort, in 1957, and they raised a marvelous family of four children and seven grandchildren. Today, David J. Azrieli is a world-renowned philanthropist whose reputation was built by the success of his two companies: Canpro Investments, Ltd., in Canada and the Azrieli Group, Ltd., in Israel. He is acknowledged for pioneering and revolutionizing retailing in Israel by building the first enclosed shopping center in 1985 and today has 14 malls in the country. He coined the name for a “mall” as “canion,” which combines the Hebrew words for “shopping” and “parking.” The Azrieli Center in Tel Aviv dominates the skyline and he views this 52-story magnificent center as his most important professional achievement. He earned a Masters degree in Architecture from Carlton University in 1997 at the age of 75. At Yeshiva University, he is the eponym of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, the largest such post-graduate school of its kind in North America with some 250 students who are working towards Masters and Doctoral degrees (in its Fanya Gottesfeld Heller Doctoral Studies Division). He has also established a School of Architecture in Tel Aviv University, a Chair in Architecture at the Technion, and a host of other important educational programs and funds in Israel. He recently established The Azrieli Institute for Israel Studies at Concordia University, Montreal. His dedication to Holocaust remembrance is evidenced by his establishing the Azrieli Book and Resource Center at Yad Vashem, Jerusalem; the Azrieli Holocaust Survivor Memoirs Program to collect, publish, and widely disseminate the written memoirs of Holocaust survivors, created by his daughter Dr. Naomi Azrieli, who is the Chair of the Azrieli Foundation; and the Azrieli Holocaust Collection at Concordia University Library, Montreal. He has served on the Yeshiva University Board of Trustees since 1987 and also holds Board membership at Tel Aviv University and the International Board of Governors of the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, where he was Vice Chairman. He was National President and Honorary President of the Canadian Zionist Federation, Past President of the Jerusalem Foundation of Canada, and a Vice President of the Canadian Jewish Congress, Quebec region. His many noble endeavors earned him the Order of Canada (the country’s highest civilian honor) in 1984; the L’Ordre Nationale du Quebec in 1999 (Quebec’s highest civilian honor); and Honorary Trustee (“Neeman”) of the City of Jerusalem. He holds honorary doctorates from Yeshiva University, Concordia University, Tel Aviv University, and the Technion. When one reaches the age of ninety .בן תשעים לשוח :We interpret what Judah ben Tema said ,discuss” new ideas as he “meditates” on the future (Sayings of the Fathers“ לשוח years he is ready to Chapter 5, Verse 24), an apt hope and prayer on behalf of this Holocaust survivor, an internation- ally acclaimed philanthropist whose creative mind is always in search of new ideas and projects to ameliorate the human condition and enhance the eternal well-being of the Jewish people every- where, especially in the State of Israel. May David, Stephanie, and their children and grandchildren join Yeshiva University in looking forward to celebrating David’s Centennial Anniversary with the blessings of the Almighty in the year 2022. Call for Manuscripts AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATORS PRISM: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Holocaust Educators is a publication of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration at Yeshiva University. It is made possible by a generous grant from the Henry, Bertha, and Edward Rothman Foundation. At present, single issues are complimentary. Multiple copies for classroom use are available at $10 per copy. Contact Emily Amie Witty at [email protected] to purchase copies. EDUCATORS, HISTORIANS, PSYCHOLOGISTS, THEOLOGIANS, ARTISTS, WRITERS, POETS, AND OTHER INTERESTED AUTHORS ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT MANUSCRIPTS ON THE FOLLOWING THEMES: The Kindertransport and other large-scale rescue efforts to save Jewish children—Submissions due June 1, 2012 Open Issue, Unthemed—Submissions due May 1, 2013 KEEP IN MIND: • All submissions must be sent as e-mailed attachments in Microsoft Word, using Times New Roman 12 font type. • All text should be double spaced, justified, and paginated. • Submissions accompanied by documentary photos and artwork are given special consideration. • Photos and artwork must be attached as separate JPEG or TIF files and accompanied by permissions and captions. • The American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual (6th Ed.) is Yeshiva University's required reference guide for publications. • Length of manuscript may vary; we seek essays from 4 to 14 double-spaced pages. • Each issue, including all photos, will be available as a PDF on our Web site, yu.edu/azrieli/research/prism-journal/, so permissions must include online as well as print version. CONTACT THE EDITORS WITH QUESTIONS, SUGGESTIONS, AND/OR QUERIES ABOUT SPECIFIC THEMES FOR FUTURE ISSUES: Dr. Karen Shawn at [email protected] and Dr. Jeffrey Glanz at [email protected] or c/o Yeshiva University, Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, 500 West 185th Street, Belfer Hall, Room 326, New York, NY 10033 PRISM: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Holocaust Educators is a peer-reviewed journal. Publication depends on