DOCSLIB.ORG

Understanding Late Iron Age Transitional Rural Settlement and Society in South Shropshire

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Understanding Late Iron Age Transitional Rural Settlement and Society in South Shropshire Beyond the Hinterland: Understanding late Iron Age transitional rural settlement and society in South Shropshire By Michael John Greene A thesis re-submitted to the University of Birmingham for the Degree of Master of Arts by Research Department of Classics, Ancient History and Archaeology University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham, B15 2TT March 2015 i University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Declaration I declare that no part of this thesis has been submitted for a degree or any qualification of The University of Birmingham or any other University or institution; and, this work submitted has been prepared by me. ii Abstract The aim of this thesis is to study the extent and effect Roman culture and economy had on rural Cornovian society from the perspective of the development of the new relationships determined by the Roman administration in terms of the provincial infrastructure, the establishment of urban centres and civil and military socio-economic relationships in order to identify and explain the processes that facilitated cultural and socio-economic changes in Cornovian society as indicative of Romanization. The basic premise of the thesis is that Roman administration and the development of the region as a part of the developing province had little, if any, effect on the native Cornovian society, in the very marginal and relatively isolated area of the south Shropshire Hills; and that the rural native population lived in a state of indifferent cultural and social separation rather than a conscious communal rejection of Roman culture. On this, we must consider a separation of the elite from the general rural community, due to the foundation of the civitas capital of Viroconium Cornoviorum, and that it is this latter population, who must be assumed to be the majority, are the subject of this research. Therefore, implicit is the Cornovii as an identifiable regional grouping and specifically the population of the south Shropshire Hills. iii Dedication To Teri and the Muglies iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all those who assisted in providing me with their time, support and advice in the research for this thesis with particular thanks to Teri, Dr. R.White, my supervisor, Prof. J. Gaffney, Dr. A. Wigley, Mr. I.Bapty, Prof. S. Ainsworth, the members of the Lydbury Field Group who made the excavations of the enclosures at Down Farm possible, the Stiperstones and Corndon Landscape Partneship Scheme for use of the LiDaR data in assisting the survey of the Linear Earthworks on Stapley Hill and the teaching staff at the University of Birmingham for the patience in teaching me the latest advances in GIS and GPS. v Beyond the Hinterland: Understanding late Iron Age transitional rural settlement and society in South Shropshire Contents i. Declaration-----------ii ii. Abstract--------------iii iii. Dedication-----------iv iv. Acknowledgments--v v. List of Figures--------x vi. List of Tables-------xiv vii. Abbreviations-------xv Chapter 1 Introduction -----------------------------------------------------------------------1 1.1 Introduction of the Thesis-----------------------------------------------------------------1 1.2 Aims------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.3 Geography-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 1.4 Methods--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 1.5 Methodologies: Theoretical Approaches to Rural Settlement ------------------------7 1.6 The Pattern and Form of Settlements-----------------------------------------------------7 1.7 Settlements and their relationship to the landscape-------------------------------------9 1.8 The agricultural landscape; the use and exploitation of the land--------------------10 1.9 Cognitive processes, the ritual landscape and the agrarian culture-----------------12 1.10 The extent and limits of the research----------------------------------------------------12 1.11 Thesis----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 1.12 Structure of the thesis---------------------------------------------------------------------16 Chapter 2 Natural Environmental Determinants and Human Agency-------------21 2.1 Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 2.2 Landscape Characterization--------------------------------------------------------------22 2.3 Geology--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 2.4. Palaeoclimatology and the evidence of Palynology-----------------------------------25 2.4.1 Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 2.4.2 Environmental Context------------------------------------------------------------------27 2.4.3 Analysis-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------29 2.5 Conclusion----------------------------------------------------------------------------------32 Chapter 3 Theoretical Approaches to Romanization-----------------------------------36 3.1 Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------36 3.2 Modelling Iron Age Communities-------------------------------------------------------37 3.3 Anthropological and Archaeological Approaches to Imperialism and Colonialism----------------------------------------------------------------------------41 vi 3.4 Romanization-------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 3.5 The problems with current archaeological theory-------------------------------------55 3.6 Reception of the Colonial Culture-------------------------------------------------------57 3.7 Colonialism and the Cornovii------------------------------------------------------------58 3.8 Conclusion----------------------------------------------------------------------------------62 Chapter 4 Transition and the Urban Effect----------------------------------------------64 4.1 Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------------------------64 4.2 Iron Age to Romano-British Transitional changes------------------------------------65 4.3 The Urban Effect – Viroconium Cornoviorum-----------------------------------------68 4.4 Conclusion----------------------------------------------------------------------------------83 Chapter 5 Rural Settlement, Pattern, Form and Landscape-------------------------85 5.1 Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------85 5.2 The Development of the Settled Landscape in the First Millennium BC----------88 5.3 Linear Earthworks and Cross Ridge Dykes, their significance in the development of the Iron Age Landscape -----------------------------------------------96 5.4 Pit Alignments-----------------------------------------------------------------------------105 5.5 Typology of Settlements-----------------------------------------------------------------108 5.6 Morphology of Enclosures and Lineation---------------------------------------------110 5.7 Area of Enclosures and Settlements----------------------------------------------------114 5.8 Locations and Spatial Distributions: Patterns in the Landscape--------------------115 5.9 Conclusion---------------------------------------------------------------------------------118 Chapter 6 Agriculture, The Purpose and Function of Enclosures, their Cultural and Social Significance--------------------------------------119 6.1 Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------119 6.2 Arable--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------121 6.3 Iron Age Pastoral and Husbandry Practice -------------------------------------------127 6.4 Conclusion---------------------------------------------------------------------------------136 Chapter 7 Material Culture and Identity------------------------------------------------138 7.1 Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------138 7.2 Finds from the Cornovian Territory----------------------------------------------------144 7.2.1 Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------144 7.2.2 Coins--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------144 7.2.3 Metal artefacts---------------------------------------------------------------------------148 7.2.4 Pottery------------------------------------------------------------------------------------151 7.2.5 Glass--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------156 7.2.6 Ritual--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------156 7.3 Conclusion----------------------------------------------------------------------------------157 vii Chapter 8 The Characterization of Settlement:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 46 Lythwood Road, Bayston Hill, Shrewsbury, SY3
    46 Lythwood Road, Bayston Hill, Shrewsbury, SY3 0NA 2 bedroom detached cottage—£250,000 Freehold 46 Lythwood Road, Bayston Hill, Shrewsbury, SY3 0NA Coopergreenpooks.co.uk £250,000 Freehold—2 bedroom detached house Coopergreenpooks.co.uk/property/24617 A recently modernised and individual detached cottage, well situated in the village of Bayston Hill, with large garden and superb studio/home office (6.5m x 4.4m). KEY FEATURES Very well presented interior Dining room and living room with cast iron open fire place Well fitted kitchen with integral appliances Side entrance lobby, separate WC and laundry 2 large double bedrooms (could potentially be 3) Bathroom having separate shower Gas fired central heating and double glazed windows Garage and useful store Large home office/studio which is insulated, has gas fired central heating and uPVC double glazed windows and doors Short walk from local shops and school and only a 5 minute drive from town and Meole Brace retail park Cooper Green Pooks 3 Barker Street Shrewsbury SY1 1QF www.cgpooks.co.uk [email protected] 01743 276666 46 Lythwood Road, Bayston Hill, Shrewsbury, SY3 0NA Coopergreenpooks.co.uk £250,000 Freehold—2 bedroom detached house Coopergreenpooks.co.uk/property/24617 Cooper Green Pooks 3 Barker Street Shrewsbury Tenure Freehold SY1 1QF Local Authority Shropshire Council Council Tax TBC www.cgpooks.co.uk Services All mains services are connected [email protected] 01743 276666 46 Lythwood Road, Bayston Hill, Shrewsbury, SY3 0NA £250,000 Freehold—2 bedroom detached house
    [Show full text]
  • Research News Issue 15
    NEWSLETTER OF THE ENGLISH HERITAGE RESEARCH DEPARTMENT Inside this issue... RESEARCH Introduction ...............................2 NEW DISCOVERIES AND INTERPRETATIONS NEWS Photo finish for England’s highest racecourse ...................3 Aldborough in focus: air photographic analysis and © English Heritage mapping of the Roman town of Isurium Brigantium ...........6 Recent work at Marden Henge, Wiltshire .................... 10 Manningham: an historic area assessment of a Bradford suburb .................... 14 DEVELOPING METHODOLOGIES English Heritage Coastal Estate Risk Assessment ....... 18 UNDERSTANDING PLACES Understanding place ............ 20 Celebrating People & Place: guidance on commemorative plaques .................................... 22 NOTES & NEWS ................. 23 RESEARCH DEPARTMENT REPORTS LIST ....................... 27 3D lidar model showing possible racecourse on Alston Common, Cumbria – see story page 3 NEW PUBLICATIONS ......... 28 NUMBER 15 AUTUMN 2010 ISSN 1750-2446 This issue of Research News is published soon after the Government’s Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) announcement, which for English Heritage means a cut of 32% to our grant in aid over the next four years from 1st April 2011. On a more positive note the Government sees a continuing role for English Heritage and values the independent expert advice it provides. Research Department staff make an important contribution to the organisation’s expertise. Applied research will continue to be an important part of the role of English Heritage and from April 2011 it will be integrated with our designation, planning and advice functions as part of the National Heritage Protection Plan (NHPP). The Plan, published on our website on the 7th December 2010, will focus our research effort and other activities on those heritage assets that are both significant and under threat. In response to the CSR and the NHPP Research News will, from 2011, be published twice rather than three times a year, and focus on reporting on the range of research activities contributing to the Plan.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Roman Yorkshire
    ROMAN YORKSHIRE: PEOPLE, CULTURE, LANDSCAPE By Patrick Ottaway. Published 2013 by The Blackthorn Press Chapter 1 Introduction to Roman Yorkshire ‘In the abundance and variety of its Roman antiquities, Yorkshire stands second to no other county’ Frank and Harriet Wragg Elgee (1933) The Yorkshire region A Roman army first entered what we now know as Yorkshire in about the year AD 48, according to the Roman author Cornelius Tacitus ( Annals XII, 32). This was some five years after the invasion of Britain itself ordered by the Emperor Claudius. The soldiers’ first task in the region was to assist in the suppression of a rebellion against a Roman ally, Queen Cartimandua of the Brigantes, a native people who occupied most of northern England. The Roman army returned to the north in about the years 51-2, once again to support Cartimandua who was, Tacitus tells us, now under attack by her former consort, a man named Venutius ( Annals XII, 40). In 69 a further dispute between Cartimandua and Venutius, for which Tacitus is again the (only) source, may have provided a pretext for the Roman army to begin the conquest of the whole of northern Britain ( Histories III, 45). England south of Hadrian’s Wall, including Yorkshire, was to remain part of the Roman Empire for about 340 years. The region which is the principal subject of this book is Yorkshire as it was defined before local government reorganisation in 1974. There was no political entity corresponding to the county in Roman times. It was, according to the second century Greek geographer Ptolemy, split between the Brigantes and the Parisi, a people who lived in what is now (after a brief period as Humberside) the East Riding.
    [Show full text]
  • A Very Rough Guide to the Main DNA Sources of the Counties of The
    A Very Rough Guide To the Main DNA Sources of the Counties of the British Isles (NB This only includes the major contributors - others will have had more limited input) TIMELINE (AD) ? - 43 43 - c410 c410 - 878 c878 - 1066 1066 -> c1086 1169 1283 -> c1289 1290 (limited) (limited) Normans (limited) Region Pre 1974 County Ancient Britons Romans Angles / Saxon / Jutes Norwegians Danes conq Engl inv Irel conq Wales Isle of Man ENGLAND Cornwall Dumnonii Saxon Norman Devon Dumnonii Saxon Norman Dorset Durotriges Saxon Norman Somerset Durotriges (S), Belgae (N) Saxon Norman South West South Wiltshire Belgae (S&W), Atrebates (N&E) Saxon Norman Gloucestershire Dobunni Saxon Norman Middlesex Catuvellauni Saxon Danes Norman Berkshire Atrebates Saxon Norman Hampshire Belgae (S), Atrebates (N) Saxon Norman Surrey Regnenses Saxon Norman Sussex Regnenses Saxon Norman Kent Canti Jute then Saxon Norman South East South Oxfordshire Dobunni (W), Catuvellauni (E) Angle Norman Buckinghamshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Bedfordshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Hertfordshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Essex Trinovantes Saxon Danes Norman Suffolk Trinovantes (S & mid), Iceni (N) Angle Danes Norman Norfolk Iceni Angle Danes Norman East Anglia East Cambridgeshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Huntingdonshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Northamptonshire Catuvellauni (S), Coritani (N) Angle Danes Norman Warwickshire Coritani (E), Cornovii (W) Angle Norman Worcestershire Dobunni (S), Cornovii (N) Angle Norman Herefordshire Dobunni (S), Cornovii
    [Show full text]
  • Middlewich Before the Romans
    MIDDLEWICH BEFORE THE ROMANS During the last few Centuries BC, the Middlewich area was within the northern territories of the Cornovii. The Cornovii were a Celtic tribe and their territories were extensive: they included Cheshire and Shropshire, the easternmost fringes of Flintshire and Denbighshire and parts of Staffordshire and Worcestershire. They were surrounded by the territories of other similar tribal peoples: to the North was the great tribal federation of the Brigantes, the Deceangli in North Wales, the Ordovices in Gwynedd, the Corieltauvi in Warwickshire and Leicestershire and the Dobunni to the South. We think of them as a single tribe but it is probable that they were under the control of a paramount Chieftain, who may have resided in or near the great hill‐fort of the Wrekin, near Shrewsbury. The minor Clans would have been dominated by a number of minor Chieftains in a loosely‐knit federation. There is evidence for Late Iron Age, pre‐Roman, occupation at Middlewich. This consists of traces of round‐ houses in the King Street area, occasional finds of such things as sword scabbard‐fittings, earthenware salt‐ containers and coins. Taken together with the paleo‐environmental data, which hint strongly at forest‐clearance and agriculture, it is possible to use this evidence to create a picture of Middlewich in the last hundred years or so before the Romans arrived. We may surmise that two things gave the locality importance; the salt brine‐springs and the crossing‐points on the Dane and Croco rivers. The brine was exploited in the general area of King Street, and some of this important commodity was traded far a‐field.
    [Show full text]
  • Bury Ditches, the Stepple and Merry Hill
    Walking for Pleasure Leaflets Visitor Information Bishop’s Castle 1 Bishop’s Castle The Town Hall, Bishop’s Castle SY9 5BG The Wintles and Woodbatch 01588 630023 [email protected] Church Stretton – Church St. 01694 723133 Bishop’s Castle 2 Shropshire Hills Discovery Centre 01588 676000 Bog Visitor Centre, Stiperstones 01743 792747 Lydbury North and Oakeley Mynd [email protected] There are information racks in most pubs and shops in Around Clunton the villages and display boards in Bishop’s Castle Bishop’s Castle 3 Buses Hell Hole, Acton Bank There is a scheduled service from 4 and Brockton. Bishop’s Castle to Shrewsbury. Other scheduled services are infrequent. Go to Bishop’s Castle is a www.shropshire.gov.uk and follow the links to transport and buses. “Walkers are Welcome Town” Shuttle Buses Operate at weekends and Bank Holiday Mondays Bury Ditches, Clunton 1 from Easter to the end of October. Castle Connect links Bishop’s Castle & Clun with Knighton and Ludlow. The Bury Ditches, The Stepple Long Mynd & Stiperstones Shuttle runs in a figure of 8 from Pontesbury on the A488 Shrewsbury road to and Merry Hill Church Stretton, crossing at Bridges. The Stepple Timetables are readily available. Clunton 2 www.shropshirehillsshuttles.co.uk Clunton Coppice, Sowdley Wood Bishop’s Castle Dial-A-Ride and Purslow. can be used if none of the above will meet And Merry Hill your purposes. This community service runs 2 buses – a six seater and a 13 seater – both with disabled access. The buses must be pre-booked. Telephone 01588 638350 Bishop’s Castle Short Walks BCT - Bishop’s Castle Taxi 6, 7, 8.
    [Show full text]
  • A Chronological Particular Timeline of Near East and Europe History
    Introduction This compilation was begun merely to be a synthesized, occasional source for other writings, primarily for familiarization with European world development. Gradually, however, it was forced to come to grips with the elephantine amount of historical detail in certain classical sources. Recording the numbers of reported war deaths in previous history (many thousands, here and there!) initially was done with little contemplation but eventually, with the near‐exponential number of Humankind battles (not just major ones; inter‐tribal, dynastic, and inter‐regional), mind was caused to pause and ask itself, “Why?” Awed by the numbers killed in battles over recorded time, one falls subject to believing the very occupation in war was a naturally occurring ancient inclination, no longer possessed by ‘enlightened’ Humankind. In our synthesized histories, however, details are confined to generals, geography, battle strategies and formations, victories and defeats, with precious little revealed of the highly complicated and combined subjective forces that generate and fuel war. Two territories of human existence are involved: material and psychological. Material includes land, resources, and freedom to maintain a life to which one feels entitled. It fuels war by emotions arising from either deprivation or conditioned expectations. Psychological embraces Egalitarian and Egoistical arenas. Egalitarian is fueled by emotions arising from either a need to improve conditions or defend what it has. To that category also belongs the individual for whom revenge becomes an end in itself. Egoistical is fueled by emotions arising from material possessiveness and self‐aggrandizations. To that category also belongs the individual for whom worldly power is an end in itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the KAFS Booking Form for All of Our Forthcoming Courses Directly from Our Website, Or by Clicking Here
    WELCOME TO THE JANUARY NEWSETTER EDITORIAL FROM KAFS MUST SEE STUDY DAYS We will be sending a Newsletter email each month to keep you up to date FIELD TRIPS with news and views on what is planned at the Kent Archaeological Field School and what is happening on the larger stage of archaeology both in BREAKING NEWS this country and abroad. Talking of which we are extremely lucky this year to READING AT THE MOMENT be able to dig with the University of Texas at Oplontis just next door to Pompeii. We have just three places left ­ so hurry with that booking! SHORT STORY COURSES KAFS BOOKING FORM At home we are digging the last of three Bronze Age round barrows at Hollingbourne in Kent where last year in Barrow 2 we found a crouched burial and a complete bovine burial (below). Work will continue on two Roman villa estates, one at Abbey Farm in Faversham, the other at Teston located above the River Medway close to Maidstone. Work will continue on two Roman villa estates, one at Abbey Farm in Faversham, the other at Teston located above the River Medway close to Maidstone. So, look at our web site at www.kafs.co.uk in 2014 for details of courses and ‘behind the scenes’ trips with KAFS. We hear all the time in the press about threats to our woodland and heritage and Rescue has over many years brought our attention to the ‘creeping threat’ of development on our historic well­being. Dr Chris Cumberpatch has written this letter to the Times which we need to take notice of: Sir, After your report and letters (Jan 2) it is time to stand back and look at what we may be allowing to be done to this country in the name of development and its presumed role as the solution to our economic woes.
    [Show full text]
  • 826 INDEX 1066 Country Walk 195 AA La Ronde
    © Lonely Planet Publications 826 Index 1066 Country Walk 195 animals 85-7, see also birds, individual Cecil Higgins Art Gallery 266 ABBREVIATIONS animals Cheltenham Art Gallery & Museum A ACT Australian Capital books 86 256 A La RondeTerritory 378 internet resources 85 City Museum & Art Gallery 332 abbeys,NSW see New churches South & cathedrals Wales aquariums Dali Universe 127 Abbotsbury,NT Northern 311 Territory Aquarium of the Lakes 709 FACT 680 accommodationQld Queensland 787-90, 791, see Blue Planet Aquarium 674 Ferens Art Gallery 616 alsoSA individualSouth locations Australia Blue Reef Aquarium (Newquay) Graves Gallery 590 activitiesTas 790-2,Tasmania see also individual 401 Guildhall Art Gallery 123 activitiesVic Victoria Blue Reef Aquarium (Portsmouth) Hayward Gallery 127 AintreeWA FestivalWestern 683 Australia INDEX 286 Hereford Museum & Art Gallery 563 air travel Brighton Sea Life Centre 207 Hove Museum & Art Gallery 207 airlines 804 Deep, The 615 Ikon Gallery 534 airports 803-4 London Aquarium 127 Institute of Contemporary Art 118 tickets 804 National Marine Aquarium 384 Keswick Museum & Art Gallery 726 to/from England 803-5 National Sea Life Centre 534 Kettle’s Yard 433 within England 806 Oceanarium 299 Lady Lever Art Gallery 689 Albert Dock 680-1 Sea Life Centre & Marine Laing Art Gallery 749 Aldeburgh 453-5 Sanctuary 638 Leeds Art Gallery 594-5 Alfred the Great 37 archaeological sites, see also Roman Lowry 660 statues 239, 279 sites Manchester Art Gallery 658 All Souls College 228-9 Avebury 326-9, 327, 9 Mercer Art Gallery
    [Show full text]
  • RULES of PLAY COIN Series, Volume VIII by Marc Gouyon-Rety
    The Fall of Roman Britain RULES OF PLAY COIN Series, Volume VIII by Marc Gouyon-Rety T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S 1.0 Introduction ............................2 6.0 Epoch Rounds .........................18 2.0 Sequence of Play ........................6 7.0 Victory ...............................20 3.0 Commands .............................7 8.0 Non-Players ...........................21 4.0 Feats .................................14 Key Terms Index ...........................35 5.0 Events ................................17 Setup and Scenarios.. 37 © 2017 GMT Games LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232 • www.GMTGames.com 2 Pendragon ~ Rules of Play • 58 Stronghold “castles” (10 red [Forts], 15 light blue [Towns], 15 medium blue [Hillforts], 6 green [Scotti Settlements], 12 black [Saxon Settlements]) (1.4) • Eight Faction round cylinders (2 red, 2 blue, 2 green, 2 black; 1.8, 2.2) • 12 pawns (1 red, 1 blue, 6 white, 4 gray; 1.9, 3.1.1) 1.0 Introduction • A sheet of markers • Four Faction player aid foldouts (3.0. 4.0, 7.0) Pendragon is a board game about the fall of the Roman Diocese • Two Epoch and Battles sheets (2.0, 3.6, 6.0) of Britain, from the first large-scale raids of Irish, Pict, and Saxon raiders to the establishment of successor kingdoms, both • A Non-Player Guidelines Summary and Battle Tactics sheet Celtic and Germanic. It adapts GMT Games’ “COIN Series” (8.1-.4, 8.4.2) game system about asymmetrical conflicts to depict the political, • A Non-Player Event Instructions foldout (8.2.1) military, religious, and economic affairs of 5th Century Britain.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Clun Community Wildlife Group Report 2017 Contents INTRODUCTION
    Upper Clun Community Wildlife Group Report 2017 Upper Clun Community Wildlife Group Report 2017 Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 Aims & objectives ................................................................................................................... 1 Area & membership ................................................................................................................ 1 Management committee ......................................................................................................... 1 Publicity .................................................................................................................................. 1 Website ................................................................................................................................... 2 Co-operation with farmers, landowners & other organisations .......................................... 2 Activities & surveys ............................................................................................................... 2 Covering other types of wildlife ............................................................................................ 3 Funding ................................................................................................................................... 3 Constitution ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chedworth Roman Villa Gloucestershire
    CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDING AND EVALUATION For THE NATIONAL TRUST CA PROJECT: 3264 CA REPORT: 10232 JANUARY 2011 CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDING AND EVALUATION CA PROJECT: 3264 CA REPORT: 10232 prepared by Alexandra Wilkinson, Project Supervisor date 10 January 2011 checked by Laurent Coleman, Project Manager date 19 January 2011 approved by Simon Cox, Head of Fieldwork signed date 24 January 2011 issue 01 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ Tel. 01285 771022 Fax. 01285 771033 E-mail: [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation CONTENTS SUMMARY........................................................................................................................ 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3 2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-8) .......................................................................................... 7 3. DISCUSSION......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]