CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA
GLOUCESTERSHIRE
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDING AND EVALUATION
For
THE NATIONAL TRUST
CA PROJECT: 3264 CA REPORT: 10232
JANUARY 2011
CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA GLOUCESTERSHIRE
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDING AND EVALUATION
CA PROJECT: 3264 CA REPORT: 10232
prepared by Alexandra Wilkinson, Project Supervisor
date 10 January 2011
checked by Laurent Coleman, Project Manager
date 19 January 2011
approved by Simon Cox, Head of Fieldwork
signed
date 24 January 2011
issue 01
This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.
© Cotswold Archaeology Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ Tel. 01285 771022 Fax. 01285 771033 E-mail: [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
CONTENTS
SUMMARY...... 2
1. INTRODUCTION ...... 3
2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-8) ...... 7
3. DISCUSSION...... 10
4. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 11
5. REFERENCES ...... 11
APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 13 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 15 APPENDIX C: LEVELS OF PRINCIPAL DEPOSITS AND STRUCTURES ...... 15 APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM...... 16
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Location of trial pits and trenches(1:500) Fig. 3 Trench 1; plan (1:50) and photograph Fig. 4 Trial pit 2; plan (1:50) and photograph Fig. 5 Trench 3; plan (1:50) and photograph Fig. 6 Trench 4; plan (1:50) and photograph Fig. 7 Trial pit 5; plan (1:50) and photograph Fig. 8 Trench 6; plan (1:50) and photograph
1 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
SUMMARY
Project Name: Chedworth Roman Villa Location: Gloucestershire NGR: SP 0530 1345 Type: Evaluation Date: 17 November 2010 to 7 December 2010 SMC: S00005188 Location of Archive: To be deposited with Chedworth Roman Villa Site Code: CHD10
Archaeological recording and evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in November and December 2010 at Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire. A total of 4 trenches and 2 trial pits was excavated.
Floor surfaces, a stone drain, wall foundations and the base of an oven were exposed during the works and probably dated to the Roman period. It is possible that parts of the wall foundations and oven had been remodelled during the Victorian and/or modern periods.
Victorian and modern structures were also identified.
2 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 In November and December 2010 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out archaeological recording and evaluation for The National Trust (TNT) at Chedworth Roman Villa (centred on NGR: SP 0530 1345; Fig. 1). The recording and evaluation were undertaken to fulfil a condition (no. 2) attached to a planning consent (Planning ref. Cotswold District Council 09/03987/FUL) for erection of an education building adjacent to reception building. The objective of the archaeological recording was to record archaeological remains exposed during development. The objective of the archaeological evaluation was to provide further information on the nature of the archaeological deposits elsewhere within the site.
1.2 Scheduled Monument Consent (SMC) was granted, in a letter (ref. no. S00005188) dated 20 January 2010 from Ms Stephanie Allen, Casework Officer, English Heritage on the behalf of the Secretary of State for the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, acting on the advice of Ms Melanie Barge, Inspector of Ancient Monuments, English Heritage, conditional (no. 3) on a programme of archaeological work. A brief for the archaeological works: Brief 8 Archaeological Recording of Concrete Strips Delineating South Corridor to North of Room 3, and Further Archaeological Evaluation and Recording Within Room 3 was issued by The National Trust (TNT 2010) as an addendum to the SMC application. All works were undertaken as per drawings 1465/P/015 and 1465/P/020.
1.3 The archaeological recording and evaluation were carried out in accordance with Brief 8 (TNT 2010) and with a subsequent detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2010a) and approved by Melanie Barge. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (IfA 2008), the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Watching Brief (IfA 2008), the Statement of Standards and Practices Appropriate for Archaeological Fieldwork in Gloucestershire (GCC 1995), the Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). It was monitored by Melanie Barge, including a site visit on 18 November 2010.
3 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
The site 1.4 Chedworth Roman Villa is a major site of the Roman period in Britain, comprising the remains of one of the largest 4th-century villas so far discovered and excavated in this country. The site was excavated in 1864 and partially protected with some temporary structures soon after. A house was built in the centre of the excavated site to function as a museum and as a residence for the caretaker. A programme of levelling and capping was carried out on the exposed walls and the site has been open to the public ever since. The villa was purchased by The National Trust in 1924 and is a Scheduled Monument (County No. 57).
1.5 The site lies at approximately 150m AOD on a gently sloping east/west orientated terrace cut into the steep north-facing slope of a dry valley.
1.6 The underlying geology of the area is mapped as Aston Limestone Formation of the Jurassic era (BGS 1998). The natural substrate was not encountered during the archaeological recording and evaluation.
Archaeological background 1.7 The villa is situated 12km north of Cirencester, a major urban centre in the Roman period, and a provincial capital in the 4th century. The villa was excavated in 1864, following chance finds of pottery and tesserae in the area, although the presence of the villa was known about by local woodsmen for some time before. The villa has been open for public viewing since its excavation, when it was the private property of the Stowell Estate and after its purchase by The National Trust in 1924. Several small-scale excavations were undertaken at the villa during the 20th century, including investigations of the northern bath suite, inner courtyard and eastern corridor.
1.8 The current published model for the development of the villa is largely based on the work of Richmond between 1958 and 1965 (Richmond 1959; 1965) and Goodburn between 1979 and 1983. Neither of these investigations were fully published. The conventional view of the villa is that it was occupied from the early 2nd to late 4th centuries (Goodburn 1984). Current thinking is that it originated as three separate blocks in the 2nd century which were subsequently incorporated into a single building around inner and outer courtyards in the later Roman period. This structure comprised areas at different levels; the North Wing stands on a terrace partially
4 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
recessed into the hillside and the South Wing lies at a lower level on the valley bottom (RCHME 1979).
1.9 In 1994, an Archaeologist/Property Manager (Philip Bethell) was appointed, and during the following years to 2006, a programme of investigative surveys was carried out in order to deepen understanding of the site. Recent work suggests that this consolidation into a single building occurred as a major change in the 4th century, rather than as a gradual development (TNT 2009).
1.10 Archaeological evaluation to the south of The Lodge identified the remains of a possible sub-division within the courtyard of the villa and a probable robber trench possibly indicating the eastward continuation of the southern wall of the southern range of the villa (CA 2009a).
1.11 Archaeological evaluation and subsequent watching brief within the access road to the south of the site identified a buried Roman soil horizon overlain by colluvium and the metalled surface of a 19th-century trackway. Victorian stone-built culverts were also identified (CA 2008 and 2010b).
1.12 Archaeological evaluation in the south-western part of the villa identified Roman deposits and features associated with the above-ground villa structures (CA 2009b).
Archaeological objectives 1.13 The objectives of the archaeological recording were to preserve by record archaeological deposits, the presence of which are attested to above, during the following works:
o South Range Corridor; excavation of footing for flight of steps (Trench 1)
o Re-excavation of concrete strips outlining Roman oven in the north-western corner of the room (Trench 3)
o South Corridor; removal of concrete strips outlining North and South corridor walls (Trenches 3 and 4) and area adjacent to Test pit 7 (CA 2009b) (Trench 6)
1.14 The objectives of the evaluation were to establish the character, quality, date and extent of any archaeological remains or deposits surviving elsewhere within the site.
5 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
This information was to assist The National Trust, Melanie Barge, Inspector of Ancient Monuments, English Heritage and Charles Parry, Senior Archaeological Officer, Gloucestershire County Council in making an informed judgement on the significance of the archaeological resource, and the likely impact upon it of the proposed development. The areas targeted by the archaeological evaluation comprise:
o Trial pit in south-western corner of Room 3 (Trial pit 2)
o Investigation of the foot of the down pipe at the southern end of the existing cover building (Trial pit 5)
Methodology
1.15 The archaeological recording comprised:
o Trench 1 which measured 2.6m in length and 1m in width and was located at the foot of a flight of steps in the South Range Corridor.
o Trenches 3 and 4 involved the removal of concrete strips outlining north and south corridor walls and measured up to 9.5m in length and c. 0.8m in width.
o Trial pit 6 measured 1.75m in length and 1.4m in width and was located at the western end of the South Range Corridor and was an extension to an earlier trial pit (CA 2009b).
1.16 The archaeological evaluation comprised:
o Trial pit 2 which measured 1m in length and 1m in width and was situated in the south-western corner of Room 3.
o Trial pit 5 was L shaped and measured 1.2m in length (north/south) and 1.1m in length (east/west). It was located at the southern end of the existing cover building.
6 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
1.17 All trenches were excavated by hand to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual (2007).
1.18 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites (2003) and no deposits were identified that required sampling. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation (1995).
1.19 The archive and artefacts from the recording and evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will be deposited with Chedworth Roman Villa along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix D, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.
2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-8)
2.1 This section provides an overview of the recording and evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts and finds are to be found in Appendices A and B respectively. Details of the relative heights of the principal deposits and features expressed as metres Above Ordnance Datum (m AOD) appear in Appendix C.
Trench 1 (Figs 2 & 3) 2.2 The earliest deposit encountered in Trench 1 was sandy silt 107. It contained ceramic building material dating to the Roman period and was truncated by construction cut 108 for stone drain 109. Deposit 113 was recorded at the base of the construction cut but it was not clear if it sat within or below the cut. The stone drain contained silty clay 110 from which Roman pottery was recovered. Stone drain 109 was butted to east by sandy clay 112 and to the west by sandy clay 111.
2.3 Wall foundation 103 was identified at the southern end of the trench and was orientated east/west. It comprised limestone blocks in a mortar matrix and was of a probable Roman date, although the possibility that elements of the wall foundation had been reworked in the Victorian and/or modern periods cannot be discounted.
7 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
On the northern side of the wall foundation a construction cut, 106, for the insertion of modern concrete kerbstones, 104, was identified. The construction cut was filled by sandy clay 105 which was in turn overlain by rubble deposit 102, which contained residual pottery dating to the Roman period and modern material, tarmac 101 and turf 100.
Trial pit 2 (Figs 2 & 4) 2.4 The earliest deposit encountered in Trial pit 2 was surface 202 which was identified at 0.16m below present ground level (bpgl). It comprised fragments of limestone and ceramic building material in a mortar matrix and dated to the Roman period. Surface 202 was overlain by subsoil 201, which contained finds dating to the Roman and modern periods, and topsoil/turf 200.
Trench 3 (Figs 2 & 5) 2.5 The earliest deposit recorded in Trench 3 was floor surface 304. This was identified in the south-western part of the trench and was of a similar character to surface 202 identified in Trial pit 2. Surface 304 was butted by oven structure 302 which comprised limestone blocks in a mortar matrix. The oven structure was overlain by a brown/red mortar deposit, 306, which appeared to have been subject to heating.
2.6 The oven appeared to be of similar construction and appearance to east/west orientated wall foundation 303. The intersection between oven structure 302 and wall foundation 303 was obscured by rubble deposit 305 and no stratigraphic relationship between them could be determined. Both features would appear to be of Roman date, however it is possible that both features may also contain elements dating to the Victorian and/or modern periods.
2.7 In the north-western part of the trench, wall foundation 303 and oven 302 were overlain and butted by rubble deposit 305. These structural remains were overlain by gravel 301 and concrete kerbstones and capping, 300, dating to the 1960s.
Trench 4 (Figs 2 & 6) 2.8 The earliest deposit in Trench 4 was sandy clay 402, which contained a single sherd of pottery dating to the 3rd to 4th centuries AD. This was overlain by the truncated remains, comprising limestone blocks, of wall foundation 401. These deposits were overlain by concrete kerbstones and capping, 400, dating to the 1960s.
8 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
Trial pit 5 (Figs 2 & 7) 2.9 North/south orientated wall foundation 503 appeared to be the earliest feature within the trial pit, and may date to the Roman period, however the possibility that elements of the wall foundation dated to the Victorian and/or modern periods cannot be discounted. To the west, the wall foundation was butted by limestone fragments 502, which supported modern concrete kerbstones 501. The kerbstones were butted to the west by silty clay 504 which continued below the required formation level. Wall foundation 503 also appeared to be butted by concrete step 505. It is possible that the southern end of the wall was remodelled during the construction of the step. The structural remains were overlain by gravel 500.
Trial pit 6 (Figs 2 & 8) 2.10 The earliest deposit recorded in Trial pit 6 was clayey sand 604 which was overlain by sand clay 603 and contained ceramic building material dating to the 19th century. Deposit 603 was in turn overlain by 602 which contained an iron object which also dated to the 19th century.
2.11 Deposit 603 was also butted by large rectangular stone slab 606. This stone was rectangular in shape and measured 0.82m in length and 0.45m in width. There was a small hole in the centre of the slab and the void below was c. 0.5m in depth. Stone slab 606 was butted by a second stone slab, 605, which was a similar size to 606 but was not dressed. Two smaller stone fragments were identified to the east and may have become detached from the second stone slab. The two large stone slabs were bonded together by mortar deposit 607, which also covered much of 605. All deposits were covered by modern gravel 601 and tarmac 600.
The Finds 2.12 Small quantities of artefactual material were recovered from seven deposits consisting of Roman pottery, Roman ceramic building material, Roman Tesserae, a modern iron object, modern ceramic building material together with a small amount of animal bone (Appendix B).
2.13 Roman pottery was recovered from three deposits, 102, 110 (fill of gully 109) and 402, and comprised a sherd in Central Gaulish samian ware from a cup (form 27) and a sherd in an oxidized fabric from deposit 102, found in association with a modern iron nail; a sherd in oxidized fabric from 110 broadly dateable to the Roman
9 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
period; and one sherd in a black-sandy fabric imitating Dorset Black-Burnished ware from deposit 402, suggesting a date for the deposit in the 3rd to 4th centuries AD.
2.14 Quantities of Roman ceramic building material, totalling 19 fragments, were recorded from four deposits and are identifiable as roof tile (imbrex) and tegula, and probably some brick. There were also two Tesserae, from layer 201.
2.15 Animal bone was recovered from three deposits; deposit 110 (backfill of gully 109) is of Roman date, the other two are more recent (18th and 19th century). The assemblage totalled eight fragments weighing 66g. The species identified were cattle and sheep/goat, more fragmented cow-sized and sheep-sized.
3. DISCUSSION
3.1 The earliest material encountered during the recording and evaluation was of Roman date: a stone drain was identified running between and perpendicular to the walls of the South Corridor (Trench 1). Two areas of undisturbed floor surfaces were identified in Trial pit 2 and Trench 3. These deposits were situated as little as 0.05m bpgl. The remains of the wall foundations of the South Corridor were identified in Trenches 1, 3 and 4 and the base of the oven (previously excavated by Richmond in 1957 and 1960) was identified in Trench 3. A wall foundation of probable Roman date was also identified in Test pit 5 and a probable Roman surface was identified in Trench 6.
3.2 Whilst the wall foundations (and the base of the oven) described above were probably generally of Roman date, the possibility that elements of these structures had been reworked in the Victorian and/or modern periods cannot be discounted.
3.3 The large capping stones uncovered at the western end of the South Corridor (Trench 6) appeared to overlie deposits which dated to the 19th century. The underlying void was not investigated but may be a Victorian drain. Concrete kerbstones and capping dating to the 1960s were removed during the archaeological recording and evaluation (Trenches 1, 3 and 4 and Trial pit 5.
10 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
4. CA PROJECT TEAM
Fieldwork was undertaken by Alexandra Wilkinson, assisted by Meirion Prysor and Jon Pick. The report was written by Alexandra Wilkinson and the finds report compiled by Angela Aggujaro. The illustrations were prepared by Lorna Gray. The archive has been compiled by Alexandra Wilkinson, and prepared for deposition by James Johnson. The project was managed for CA by Laurent Coleman.
5. REFERENCES
BGS (British Geological Survey) 1998 Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) Solid and Drift Sheet 235: Cirencester
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2008 Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation CA typescript report 08004
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2009a Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation CA typescript report 09068
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2009b Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation CA typescript report 09158
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2010a Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2010b Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief CA typescript report 10040
Goodburn, R. 1984 ‘Chedworth Roman Villa’ Britannia, 15, 312
Richmond, I. 1959 ‘The Roman Villa at Chedworth, 1958-9’ Transactions of the Bristol Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, 78, 5-23
RCHME (Royal Commission for Historic Monuments of England) 1979 Ancient and Historical Monuments in the County of Gloucestershire: Volume One, Iron Age and Romano- British Monuments in the Gloucestershire Cotswolds
11 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
TNT (The National Trust) 2009 Chedworth Roman Villa. Brief for Archaeological Evaluations
TNT (The National Trust) 2010 Brief 8 Archaeological Recording During Removal of Concrete Strips Delineating South Corridor To North of Room 3, and Further Archaeological Evaluation and Recording Within Room 3
12 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS
Trench 1 No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 100 Layer Turf and topsoil 0.1 101 Layer Tarmac 0.05 102 Layer Rubbly soil deposit 0.1 Post- Med 103 Structure East-west orientated limestone wall 0.66 104 Structure Concrete edging 105 Fill Fill of 106: Mid yellowish grey sandy clay with 0.3 regular limestone fragments. 106 Cut Conctruction cut for concrete edging 104 107 Deposit Mid greyish yellow sandy silt RB 108 Cut Cut for insertion of stone gully 109 109 Structure Limestone drain 0.4 110 Fill Fill of 109: Mid greyish brown silty clay 0.2 0.16 RB+ 111 Deposit Mid yellowish grey sandy clay 112 Deposit Greyish brown sandy clay 113 Deposit Dark greyish brown sandy clay
Trial pit 2 No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 200 Layer Turf and Topsoil 0.11 201 Layer Rubble rich subsoil 0.17 C18- C19 202 Surface Floor surface
Trench 3 No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 300 Layer Modern concrete capping and edging 301 Layer Soily gravel overlying 303 0.02 302 Structure Limestone built oven structure 303 Structure East-west orientated limestone wall 0.6 304 Surface Op-sig floor surface 305 Deposit Mid brownish grey silty clay with regular inclusions of limestone, brick and concrete 306 Deposit Light yellowish brown and brownish red silty sand 0.8 0.6
Trench 4 No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 400 Layer Modern concrete capping and edging 401 Structure East-west orientated limestone wall 0.77 402 Deposit Mid brownish orange sandy clay 0.77 C3-C4
Trial pit 5 No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date
13 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
500 Layer Modern gravel 0.05 501 Structure Modern concrete edging 0.11 502 Structure Limestone fragments – footing for 501 0.1 0.05 503 Structure North-south orientated limestone wall 0.72 504 Layer Dark greyish brown silty clay 505 Structure Concrete step 0.92 0.47 >0.15
Trench 6 No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 600 Layer Tarmac 0.02 601 Layer Light brownish yellow modern gravel – very 0.15 compact 602 Layer Dark grey clay 0.42 0.05 C19 603 Layer Dark grey sandy clay C19 604 Deposit Dark grey clayey sand 605 Deposit Light yellowish brown limestone blocks - undressed 606 Structure Large rectangular stone with small central hole 0.8 0.47 0.04 607 Deposit Light yellowish brown silty sand mortar 0.74 0.46 0.01
14 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
APPENDIX B: THE FINDS
Context Description Ct. Wt. Date 102 Roman pottery: CG samian ware, oxidized fabric 2 4 Post-med
Iron nail 2 49 107 Ceramic building material 1 14 RB 110 Ceramic building material 8 68 RB+
Roman pottery: oxidized fabric 1 3 Animal bone: cow-sized 1 2 201 Animal bone: 5 63 C18-C19
Tesserae 2 33 Ceramic building material 8 55 Bottle Glass 1 1 402 Roman pottery: black-sandy fabric (BB1 imitation) 1 12 C3-C4 602 Animal bone: 1 1 C19
Iron object: hook 1 82 603 Ceramic building material: tile 1 101 C19
APPENDIX C: LEVELS OF PRINCIPAL DEPOSITS AND STRUCTURES
Levels are expressed as metres below current ground level and as metres Above Ordnance Datum (AOD), calculated using the benchmark located at the northern end of the east range (154.18m AOD).
Trial Pit 1 Trial Pit 2 Trial Pit 3 Trial pit 4 Trial Pit 5 Trial Pit 6 Current ground level 0.00m 0.00m 0.00m 0.00m 0.00m 0.00m (153.12m) (154m) (153.55m) (153.5m) (154.23m) (153.74m) Top of Archaeological 0.1m 0.16m 0.05m 0.1m 0.09m 0.09m Deposits (153.02m) (153.84m) (153.5) (153.4m) (154.14m) (153.65m) Limit of excavation 152.68 0.16m 0.08m 0.1m 0.21m 0.23m (0.44m) (153.84m) (153.47m) (153.4) (154.02m) (153.51m)
Upper figures are depth below modern ground level; lower figures in parentheses are metres AOD.
15 © Cotswold Archaeology Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation
APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM
PROJECT DETAILS
Project Name Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire Short description Archaeological recording and evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in November and December 2010 at Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire. A total of 4 trenches and 2 trial pits was excavated.
Floor surfaces, a stone drain, wall foundations and the base of an oven were exposed during the works and probably dated to the Roman period. It is possible that parts of the wall foundations and oven had been remodelled during the Victorian and/or modern periods.
Victorian and modern structures were also identified.
Project dates 17 November 2010 to 7 December 2010 Project type Recording and Evaluation
Previous work
Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire Study area (M2/ha) 1.5ha Site co-ordinates (8 Fig Grid Reference) SP 0530 1345
PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator The National Trust Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology
Project Manager Laurent Coleman Project Supervisor Alexandra Wilkinson PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content (e.g. pottery, (museum/Accession no.) animal bone etc)
Physical Chedworth Roman Villa Ceramics, animal bone, metal Paper Chedworth Roman Villa Context sheets, trench sheets, permatrace drawings Digital Chedworth Roman Villa Database, digital photos BIBLIOGRAPHY
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2011 Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Recording and Evaluation. CA typescript report 10232
16 Reproduced from the 2002 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office N c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeological Trust 100002109
Site
0 2.5km
COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY
PROJECT TITLE Chedworth Roman Villa Gloucestershire Gloucestershire FIGURE TITLE Site location plan
DRAWN BYSCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. LG 1:25,000@A4 3264 1 N
site trial pits and trenches archaeological feature
inset
TrenchTrench 6 TrenchTrench 4 TP5TP5 TrenchTrench 1
TrenchTrench 3 TP2TP2
TrenchTrench 4 TrenchTrench 6 TP5TP5 TrenchTrench 1
TrenchTrench 3
TP2TP2 COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT TITLE Chedworth Roman Villa Gloucestershire FIGURE TITLE Location of trial pits and trenches
DRAWN BY SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. 0 50m LG 1:500@A3 3264 2 N Trench 1; plan stone drain 109
112
111
108 107
105 106 104
wall 103
0 5m
View looking south, showing stone drain 109 and wall 103. Scale 1m
wall 103
stone drain 109
COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY
PROJECT TITLE Chedworth Roman Villa Gloucestershire FIGURE TITLE Trench 1; plan and photograph
DRAWN BY SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. LG 1:50@A4 3264 3 N Trial pit 2; plan
surface 202
0 5m
View looking south, showing surface 202. Scale 1m
surface 202
COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY
PROJECT TITLE Chedworth Roman Villa Gloucestershire FIGURE TITLE Trial pit 2; plan and photograph
DRAWN BY SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. LG 1:50@A4 3264 4 Trench 3; plan N
wall 303 rubble 305
wall oven structure 303 302 306
304
0 5m
View looking west, showing wall 303 and oven structure 302. Scale 2m
oven structure 302
wall 303
COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY
PROJECT TITLE Chedworth Roman Villa Gloucestershire FIGURE TITLE Trench 3; plan and photograph
DRAWN BY SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. LG 1:50@A3 3264 5 N Trench 4; plan
400
402
wall 401
0 5m
View looking west, showing wall 401. Scale 2m
wall 401
COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY
PROJECT TITLE Chedworth Roman Villa Gloucestershire FIGURE TITLE Trench 4; plan and photograph
DRAWN BY SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. LG 1:50@A4 3264 6 N Trial pit 5; plan
501
wall 503 504
502
504 concrete 505 wall 503
0 5m
View looking south, showing wall 503. Scale 1m
wall 503
COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY
PROJECT TITLE Chedworth Roman Villa Gloucestershire FIGURE TITLE Trial pit 5; plan and photograph
DRAWN BY SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. LG 1:50@A4 3264 7 N Trench 6; plan
604
capping stone 606 608
stone mortar 605 605 607 602
0 5m
View looking west, showing capping stone 606 and wall 605. Scale 1m
stone 605
capping stone 606
COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY
PROJECT TITLE Chedworth Roman Villa Gloucestershire FIGURE TITLE Trench 6; plan and photograph
DRAWN BY SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. LG 1:50@A4 3264 8