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TCM Report, Fall REPORT FALL I 1982 CONTENTS THE COMPUTER MUSEUM BOARD OF DIRECTORS The Computer Museum is a non-profit, public, charitable foundation dedicated to Kenneth H. Olsen, Chairman 1 The Director's Letter preserving and exhibiting an industry-wide, Digital Equipment Corporation 2 The Apollo Guidance Computer broad-based collection of the history of in­ formation processing. Computer history is Charles Bachman A Designer's View - interpreted through exhibits, publications, Cullinane Associates Eldon Hall videotapes, lectures, educational programs, C. Gordon Bell and other programs. The Museum archives Digital Equipment Corporation A User's View - David Scott both artifacts and documentation and makes the materials available for Gwen Bell Comments- scholarly use. The Computer Museum Dr. Charles S. Draper The Computer Museum is open to the public Harvey D. Cragon Sunday through Friday from 1:00 to 6:00 pm. Texas Instruments 8 Whirlwind Before Core There is no charge for admission. The Jack Gilmore Museum's lecture hall and reception Robert Everett facilities are available for rent on a The Mitre Corporation 9 Portrait of a Board Member prearranged basis. For information call C. Lester Hogan 617-467-4443. C . Lester Hogan Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation 10 Museum News Museum membership is available to individuals and non-profit organizations Theodore G . Johnson Opening Celebration for $25 annually and to businesses for $125 Digital Equipment Corporation Archives and Library annually. Members receive the quarterly Report. invitations to all lectures and spe­ Andrew C. Knowles, III Intern Program Digital Equipment Corporation Summer Gallery Talks cial programs, new posters, and a ten percent discount in the Museum store. Members' Association John Lacey A Founders program is in effect during the Control Data Corporation New Founders initial two-year period of the Museum, until June 10, 1984. During this period individuals Pat McGovern 13 The Computer Historian's ComputerWorld Bookshelf and non-profit organizations may become Founders for $250 and businesses and chari­ George Michael 17 Future Museum Lectures table Foundations may become Founders for Lawrence Livermore Laboratories $2500. Founders receive all benefits of mem­ bership and recognition for their important Robert N. Noyce role in establishing the Museum. Intel Brian Randell Universi ty of Newcastle-upon-Tyne THE COMPUTER MUSEUM REPORT Edward A. Schwartz The Computer Museum Report is published Digital Equipment Corporation quarterly by The Computer Museum, One Iron Way, Marlboro, MA 01752. Annual sub­ Michael Spock scription is part of the membership of the The Children's Museum of Boston Museum ($25 per year for individuals and nonprofit organizations and $125 Erwin O. Tomash for corporations). Dataproducts (re tired) The purpose is to report on the programs The Honorable Paul E. Tsongas and exhibitions of the Museum. The con­ U.S. Senator from Massachusetts tents of The Computer Museum Report may not be reproduced without written consent. The Museum Staff is responsible for the con­ tents of the Report. The opinions expressed do not necessarily represent those of The STAFF Computer Museum or its Board of Directors. The design and production of the Report Gwen Bell is done by Benson and Clemons. Director Jamie Parker Exhibit Coordinator Christine Rudomin Program Coordinator Gregor 'IIinkaus-Randall Archivist Jay McLeman Computer Technician John McKenzie TX-O Technician Beth Parkhurst Research Assistant Sue Hunt Photo Credits: pp. 4, 13, 17 (top and bottom), Administrative Assistant David Bromfield; pp. I. 2, 7, 9, 10, II, 14, Charles Collins; pp. 4, 5, 6, C. S. Draper Laboratory; Back cover, Data General Corporation; p. 8, Mitre Corporation. Cover photo of vacuum-tube power driver The Computer Museum of the first core memory of Whirlwind, 1953, One Iron Way and integrated circuit module prototype, Marlboro, Massachusetts 01752 Apollo Guidance Computer, 1965 by Clint 617-467-4036 Clemens. The photo is available as a full color poster (20 x 30 inches) $4.00. © 1982/THE COMPUTER MUSEUM BITS AND BITES 3 PM SUNDAY AFTERNOONS September 19 October 24 Roy Zingg- Ron Smart and Gordon Bell - THE SYMBOL MACHINE TRUMPING THE DEUCE This unique machine-built Ron and Gordon will replay their by Fairchild. used at Iowa State 1957 roles as Director of the Com­ University. and now retired to puter Center and Fulbright Schol­ The Computer Museum-will ar at the University of New South be described. Wales using the DEUCE. English Electric's version of Alan Turing's designed Pilot ACE. September 26 Dick Clippinger - ANECDOTES OF AN ENIAC October 31 USER Bill Smith- As a mathematician who figured LIVE ON TV: PREDICTING THE out how not to use plugboards 1956 ELECTION for programming. Dick Clippinger Using the pin-board programmed will recount how ENIAC went Burroughs E-lOl. Bill will recount through its paces at Aberdeen the pre-election and election night Proving Ground. happenings at WJBK Detroit. October 3 November 7 Danny Hillis. Brian Silverman. Otto Laske and Curt Roads - and friends - COMPUTER MUSIC: THE TINKER TOY COMPUTER INSIGHTS AND SELECTIONS The originators and builders of Based on the theory that if you the tinker toy computer will talk understand what's happening you about why any group. being of can appreciate it. the directors sound minds and bodies. would of NEWCOMP will describe the ever build such a machine. evolution of computer music and play examples to demonstrate its development. October 10 Closed for Columbus Day Weekend October 17 'fracy Kidder and Tom West­ Bits and Bites will take a mid­ INSIDE THE SOUL OF a NEW winter hiatus and resume in the MaCHINE spring. Ideas for topics and speakers are welcome. Please The myths and misconceptions contact Chris Rudomin created by the book will be 617-467-7570. dispelled by the authorities­ the author of the book and the The talks will be audio-taped designer of the Eagle. for archival purposes. BITS 01 computer history that might otherwise be lost and BITES 01 good lood. THE DIRECTOR'S LETTER 1 Since computer history is only tions characteristic of each period. now being written, the policy of the After he saw the exhibition, Lester Museum is to develop evolving ex­ Hogan, one of the members of the hibitions. Thus, our galleries repre­ Museum's Board of Directors, wrote sent working drafts, allowing a long letter with the following visitors to see the collections while suggestions: we continue to supplement and "I was particularly pleased with revise them. the handling of the history of 'the The Pioneer Computer Timeline chip' by starting at Bell Labs and was opened in October 1981. After it then mentioning the contributions opened, artifacts that no one knew of Dummer, Kilby and Noyce. I do, existed were unearthed. For exam­ however, think it is important to ple, Toby Harper, who worked on emphasize the fact that dozens of code-breaking at Bletchley Park, researchers recognized that saw the Colossus photographs and semiconductors offered the possi­ remembered that he had one of the bility of many transistors on a pieces from its tape feeding mechan­ single chip and there was much ism. He was going to use it as a more activity going on in various telescope base that was never made. labs trying to find a really good method of building such a device than most people realize. In 1953, when a patent was issued to Syd Darlington, the general attitude at Bell Labs was that Syd was right and that this would happen some­ day but that it had to wait until we had a better way to make transis­ tors. The alloy junction was in­ deed a better way and when it became a reality, Harwick Johnson at RCA Princeton took the concept even further and built a phase shift oscillator. Again, the general response was, 'Well, this is a lot better but it still isn't right.' Then Kilby took the concept of the dif­ fused base mesa transistor even further. I remember my reaction was, 'Well, it's closer, but it still won't fly.' Then came Bob Noyce's suggestion using the planar pro­ cess and we all ran very fast to bring that one process to reality." The exhibition will be changed to reflect this evolutionary development. Our display of Super Computers is especially dynamic. The collec­ As each exhibition nears stabil­ tion of early machines is continuing, ity, catalogs, slide sets, and other while we keep in mind today's com­ materials useful for reference and puters that will be retired in the teaching will be produced to better future. George Michael of Lawrence serve our far-flung audience. Livermore Laboratory, responsible for the donation of the CDC 6600 # 1, Gwen Bell is shown with Jamie Parker, Exhibit Director Coordinator, discussing the Cray I and future plans for the Super Com­ puter exhibit. The newest gallery, the Four Computer Generations, is organized to show the new inventions, first machines, new corporations, repre­ sentative languages and applica- 2 The Apollo Guidance Computer A Designer's View- Eldon Hall Designer, Apollo Guidance Computer In the early sixties the so responsibility for the design of the the guidance and control computa­ called mini-computer had not computers used in the Polaris, tions. The computer occupied about emerged and there was no com­ Poseidon, and Apollo programs. four-tenths of a cubic foot. weighed mercial computer suitable for use The lab's first significant ven­ 26 pounds, and consumed 80 watts. in the Apollo mission. Most of the ture into the field of digital comput­ Even before this first guided flight technologies that were eventually ing was for Polaris, a very small designs were being explored which used in the Apollo computer were ballistic missile launched from a would reduce the size and improve just emerging from research and submarine.
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