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Historical and Archaeological Appraisal of Shire Oak Quarry, Near Brownhills Staffordshire

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Historical and Archaeological Appraisal of Shire Oak Quarry, Near Brownhills Staffordshire Historical and archaeological appraisal of Shire Oak Quarry, near Brownhills Staffordshire Report No. 16/153 Text: Claire Finn Illustrator: Olly Dindol MOLA Northampton MOLA Project Manager: Steve Parry Bolton House NGR: SK 06198 04124 Wootton Hall Park Northampton NN4 8BN 01604 809 800 www.mola.org.uk [email protected] Historical and archaeological appraisal of Shire Oak Quarry, near Brownhills Staffordshire Report No. 16/153 Quality control and sign off: Issue Date Checked by: Verified by: Approved by: Reason for Issue: No. approved: Mary Ellen 1 07/09/2016 Steve Parry Steve Parry Draft for client review Crothers 2 19/10/2016 - - Mark Holmes Finalised version Author: Claire Finn BA MA PhD Illustrator: Olly Dindol BSc MOLA Northampton 2016 MOLA Bolton House Wootton Hall Park Northampton NN4 8BN 01604 809800 www.mola.org.uk [email protected] MOLA Northampton is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales with company registration number 8727508 and charity registration number 1155198. Registered office: Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London N1 7ED. SHIRE OAK QUARRY, NEAR BROWNHILLS STAFF Project Manager Steve Parry BA MA MCIfA FSA Walkover survey David J Leigh BA Text Claire Finn BA MA PhD Illustrations Olly Dindol BSc MOLA Report 16/153 i SHIRE OAK QUARRY, NEAR BROWNHILLS OASIS REPORT FORM PROJECT DETAILS Project title Historical and archaeological appraisal of Shire Oak Quarry near Brownhills, Staffordshire Short description MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology) has been commissioned by Crestwood Environmental to produce an appraisal of the archaeological and historical background of a proposed extension of Shire Oak Quarry. A number of sources, including the Historic Environment Record, historical maps, a walkover survey and aerial photographs have been examined. No designated or undesignated heritage assets are to be found within the area of the proposed extension, and there is no evidence to suggest that there are any known buried archaeological features within the site or vicinity. As such, it can be inferred that the potential of the site to produce buried archaeological remains is low. Project type Heritage Assessment Previous work None Future work Unknown Monument type Unknown and period Significant finds None PROJECT LOCATION County Staffordshire Site address Shire Oak Quarry, near Brownhills, Staffordshire Easting and SK 06198 04124 northing Area 39.6ha Height OD 150m – 170m aOD PROJECT CREATORS Organisation MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology) Project brief Stephen Dean, Principle Archaeologist for Staffordshire originator Project Design - originator Director/ Dave Leigh (MOLA) Supervisor Project Manager Steve Parry (MOLA) Sponsor or Crestwood Environmental funding body PROJECT DATE Start date September 2016 End date October 2016 Location Content (eg pottery, animal bone etc) ARCHIVES (Accession no.) Physical Paper MOLA Northampton Map extracts Digital MOLA Northampton Mapinfo Plans, Word Report BIBLIOGRAPHY Journal/monograph, published or forthcoming, or unpublished client report (MOLA Northampton report) Title Historical and archaeological appraisal of Shire Oak Quarry, near Brownhills, Staffordshire Serial title & MOLA Northampton report, 16-153 volume Author(s) Claire Finn Page numbers 22 Date 19 October 2016 MOLA Report 16/153 ii SHIRE OAK QUARRY, NEAR BROWNHILLS Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 2 BACKGROUND 3 SITE WALKOVER SURVEY 4 WOLVERHAMPTON AND WALSALL HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD 5 HISTORIC MAP REGRESSION 6 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS 7 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORKS 8 ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY MOLA Report 16/153 iii SHIRE OAK QUARRY, NEAR BROWNHILLS Figures Front cover: View west from Field 2, overlooking the current extent of the quarry workings Fig 1: Site location Fig 2: View of Field 1 from the south-east corner, looking north Fig 3: View of Field 1 from the south-east corner, looking west Fig 4: View of Field 2 from the eastern boundary, looking north to Field 1 Fig 5: View of Field 2 from the eastern boundary, looking south to Field 3 Fig 6: View of Field 2 from the eastern boundary, looking west towards the current extent of the quarry site Fig 7: View of Field 3 from the eastern boundary, looking north to Field 2 Fig 8: View of Field 3 from the eastern boundary, looking south Fig 9: View of Field 3 from the eastern boundary, looking west towards the woodlands surrounding Fishpond Cottages Fig 10: The remains of a wrecked vehicle on the boundary between fields 2 and 3 Fig 11: Historic Environment Record (HER) data Fig 12: 1818 Inclosure map of the Parish of Shenstone in the County of Stafford, surveyed by J. Eagle (re-orientated with north at the top and approximate site outline) Fig 13: County of Staffordshire Tithe Map of 1838, surveyed by Joseph Naden, with approximate site outline Fig 14: Ordnance Survey map of 1883, 6”, with approximate site outline Fig 15: Ordnance Survey map Revision of 1921 with additions 1938, with approximate site outline Fig 16: Ordnance Survey map of 1959, 25’’, with approximate site outline Fig 17: Aerial photograph dated 1945 showing the proposed expansion area and series of field subdivisions, aligned east-west, ©Google Earth Fig 18: Aerial photograph dated 2006 showing cropmarks of former field subdivisions aligned east-west in Field 3, ©Google Earth Tables Table 1: Wolverhampton City Historic Environment Record data for a 1km search radius MOLA Report 16/153 iv Historical and archaeological appraisal of Shire Oak Quarry, near Brownhills Staffordshire EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology) has been commissioned by Crestwood Environmental to produce an appraisal of the archaeological and historical background of a proposed extension of Shire Oak Quarry. A number of sources, including the Historic Environment Record, historical maps, a walkover survey and aerial photographs have been examined. No designated or undesignated heritage assets are to be found within the area of the proposed extension, and there is no evidence to suggest that there are any known buried archaeological features within the site or vicinity. As such, it can be inferred that the potential of the site to produce buried archaeological remains is low. 1 INTRODUCTION MOLA has been commissioned by Crestwood Environmental to produce an historical and archaeological appraisal for inclusion in a Planning Statement for the extension of Shire Oak Quarry, near Brownhills, Staffordshire (SK 06198 04124; Fig 1). The appraisal will include a discussion of the historical and archaeological background of the proposed extension area, including a search of the Wolverhampton and Walsall Historic Environment Record and a historic map regression exercise. This document does not comprise a full Desk-Based Assessment, with the scope for this appraisal having been agreed in advance with Stephen Dean, Principle Archaeologist for Staffordshire. 2 BACKGROUND Location, topography and geology Shire Oak Quarry currently occupies a 39.64ha area of land. It is situated around 7km north-east of Walsall and 1.3km south-east of Brownhills in Staffordshire (Fig 1). The quarry area currently lies within the join of Lichfield Road (A461) and the A452, being bounded by a belt of woodland to the south and west. To the north lies the rear curtilages of properties on Lichfield Road, and to the east, north-east and south-east, the site is enclosed by arable agricultural land. A large pond occupies the north-east corner of the site; this has an area of around 1.9ha. The land the quarry is situated on slopes down to the east, falling from a height of c170m above Ordnance Datum (aOD) in the north-west corner of the site, to c150m aOD to the north-east. MOLA Report 16/153 Page 1 of 22 0 500m Site location © Crown Copyright 2016. All rights reserved. Licence Number 100047514 Planning boundary Scale 1:10000 Site location and planning boundary Fig 1 SHIRE OAK QUARRY, NEAR BROWNHILLS The underlying geology of the area is mapped as Kidderminster Formation interbedded sandstone and conglomerate (BGS 2016). Overlying deposits are not recorded. The area of the proposed extension lies to the eastern side of the main quarry area. It is centred on SK 06527 04209 and measures 8.1ha in size. The quarry Sand and gravel extraction has taken place at the Shire Oak Quarry site since the 1940s. In 2002 permission was granted to rationalise the existing consents and to restore the site by infilling with inert waste (http://www.mineralandwasteplanning.co.uk). A number of planning applications have been submitted between 2005 and 2015. An aggregate recycling facility was permitted in 2012 to generate waste for backfilling the quarry. 3 SITE WALKOVER SURVEY A walkover survey of the proposed extension area was conducted on 26th August 2016. The proposed expansion area comprises three fields. To the north of the area was Field 1, which was planted with waist-high crop (Figs 2 and 3). It was bounded by large, mixed-species hedgerows, containing some mature trees including hazel, birch, and ash. The field is 3.26ha in size and slopes up from north to south, between around 138-146m aOD. In the centre of the area was Field 2, which was planted with a similar crop to that in Field 1. This field is 4.1ha in size, and sloped down to the west in the direction of the main quarry area, falling from around 150m aOD in the east to 137m in the west (Figs 4, 5 and 6). Field 3 was situated to the south of the proposed extension area (Figs 7, 8 and 9). It is approximately 4.5ha in size although the southern edge of the area proposed for quarrying is not defined by a physical boundary. The land also slopes down to the west, falling from a height of c153m aOD to c140m aOD. This field was planted with a knee- high wheat crop. The boundary between Fields 2 and 3 comprised a hawthorn hedgerow interspersed with larger bushes.
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