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El Caso De Leopoldo López Mendoza Ciudadano De La República

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El Caso De Leopoldo López Mendoza Ciudadano De La República El Caso de Leopoldo López Mendoza Ciudadano de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela v. Gobierno de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela Autores: Jared Genser1 Perseus Strategies José Antonio Maes 25 de noviembre de 2014 Publicado originalmente el 21 de julio de 2014 1 Jared Genser se desempeña como asesor internacional de Leopoldo López. José Antonio Maes se desempeñó anteriormente como asesor legal de Leopoldo López. Para mayor información de inglés, por favor contactar a [email protected] o llamar al +1 202 320 4135. Para información en español contactar a Juan Carlos Gutierrez Ceballos, abogado defensor de López a nivel nacional a través de [email protected] o llamar al +58 412 33 217 44. Perseus Strategies desea agradecer a Sara Birkenthal, Michael Cullen, Chris Fletcher, Samuel Ritholtz, Nicole Santiago y Juancarlos Vargas por su apoyo. Índice Resumen Ejecutivo I. Información biográfica sobre Leopoldo López Mendoza ...................................................................... 5 II. Antecedente y situación actual de Venezuela ........................................................................................ 9 III. Protestas desde enero de 2014 hasta el presente ................................................................................. 13 A. Funcionarios públicos responsabilizan a Leopoldo López ............................................................ 18 B. Cargos y arresto .............................................................................................................................. 20 C. Procedimiento legal ........................................................................................................................ 24 D. Condiciones de reclusión .............................................................................................................. 27 IV. Historia de persecución en el pasado – falsas acusaciones y descalificación para el ejercicio de derechos políticos en violación del debido proceso .......................................................................... 27 V. Análisis jurídico .................................................................................................................................. 28 A. La detención fue consecuencia del ejercicio por parte de Leopoldo López de los derechos o libertades garantizadas en el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos y por la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos …………….. ..................................................................................... 29 1. El Estado venezolano detuvo y encarceló a Leopoldo López porque ejerció su derecho a la libertad de expresión ...................................................................................................................... 29 2. El Estado venezolano detuvo y encarceló a Leopoldo López porque ejerció su derecho a la libertad de reunión y asociación pacíficas ..................................................................................... 34 3. El Estado venezolano detuvo y encarceló a Leopoldo López porque ejerció su derecho a participar en los asuntos públicos y a ser elegido sin restricciones indebidas .............................. 35 B. La detención y el juicio de Leopoldo López violan las normas internacionales del derecho a un juicio justo garantizadas por la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos y por el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos ............................................................................... 37 1. El Estado venezolano no ha brindado a Leopoldo López jueces independientes e imparciales ... 37 2. El Estado venezolano violó el derecho a la presunción de inocencia de Leopoldo López ……. .. 40 3. El Estado venezolano violó el derecho a la defensa de Leopoldo López …………………….... 41 4. El Estado venezolano no le otorga el derecho a la confidencialidad Abogado –Cliente………....41 C. El Prolongado Aislamiento de Leopoldo López viola normas internacionales que prohiben la tortura ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..42 VI. Opinión del Grupo de Trabajo sobre Detenciones Arbitrarias de la ONU……………………...........43 VII. Apoyo Internacional…………………………………………………………………..………...…...46 Conclusión………………………………………………………………………………………………...49 Anexo I – Reseña sobre previas persecusiones política contra Leopoldo López por parte del Gobierno venezolano; falsas acusasiones y descalificación para ejercer sus derechos políticos sin el debido proceso de ley………………………………………………………………………………………………………50 Anexo II – Discursos de Leopoldo López (23 de enero de 2014; 12 de febrero de 2014; 16 de febrero de 2014;18 de febrero de 2014; ) Declaracion de Leopoldo López durante Audiencia Preliminar (2 de junio de 2014 ). ..................................................................................................................................................... 58 1 Resumen Ejecutivo Durante las últimas décadas, la democracia y el respeto por los derechos humanos se han propagado por Latinoamérica. Después del golpe de 1958 que desplazó a Marcos Pérez Jiménez, Venezuela se convirtió en un ejemplo de democracia para América Latina. Sin embargo, en los últimos quince años esto ha dejado de ser una realidad, pues sucesivos gobernantes han erosionado el respeto por los derechos humanos y el estado de derecho en Venezuela. Las presidencias de Hugo Chávez (1999-2013) y de Nicolás Maduro (2013-presente) han estado signadas por la violencia, inflación, escasez de productos, falta de independencia e imparcialidad del Poder Judicial y una creciente persecución a periodistas y opositores políticos. Durante su mandato, Chávez aprobó con carácter de ley una serie de medidas sociales y económicas, incluyendo la nacionalización de empresas extranjeras, programas de bienestar social y se opuso a las economías neoliberales, todo ello dirigido a mejorar la calidad de vida de los venezolanos. A pesar de la osada visión de Chávez, su presidencia se caracterizó por una gran concentración de poder y un desprecio a la protección de los derechos humanos, además que su modelo económico demostró ser insostenible. Especialmente a partir de 2009, el gobierno de Chávez inició la persecución penal contra una serie de líderes de la oposición. En 2013, Nicolás Maduro fue elegido como sucesor de Hugo Chávez en la Presidencia de Venezuela. El Gobierno de Maduro aumentó la intimidación, censura y persecución de quienes lo critican. Cabe destacar que en septiembre de 2013, Maduro formalizó el retiro de Venezuela de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, dejando a los venezolanos sin acceso a la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Muchos desafíos que enfrentó el Gobierno de Chávez, incluyendo la violencia, la inflación y la escasez de productos, se han intensificado durante el Gobierno de Maduro. En este contexto se inician las protestas masivas en enero de 2014. Estas manifestaciones inicialmente no violentas, se convirtieron en violentas debido a la participación de bandas oficialistas armadas y colectivos armados leales a Maduro. Desde el inicio de las protestas más de 3400 venezolanos han sido detenidos, unos 1900 están enfrentando cargos, y hay 72 presos políticos en el país. Entre quienes aún están en prisión se encuentra Leopoldo López Mendoza, un venezolano de 43 años de edad, líder de la oposición, quien está recluido en el Centro Nacional de Procesados Militares (CENAPROMIL), conocido también como la prisión de Ramo Verde. López es el fundador y Coordinador Nacional del partido político Voluntad Popular. Está casado con Lilian Tintori, una reconocida atleta quien también fue animadora de televisión. La pareja tiene dos hijos. Leopoldo López recibió su Licenciatura en Humanidades de“Bachelor of Arts” del Kenyon College, en donde se graduó cum laude en 1993. Continuó sus estudios en la Escuela de Gobierno John F. Kennedy de la Universidad de Harvard, en donde obtuvo una Maestría en Políticas Públicas en 1996. En 1992, López fue cofundador de la asociación civil sin fines de lucro Primero Justicia. Desde 1996 hasta 1999 trabajó en Venezuela como Analista Económico para la Coordinación de Planificación de Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (“PDVSA”). Leopoldo López entra por primera vez a la política en el año 2000, cuando junto con otros destacados líderes fundó el nuevo partido político Primero Justicia. Más tarde, en ese año, fue 2 elegido Alcalde del Municipio Chacao en Caracas. Rápidamente adquirió popularidad por reformar el sistema de salud pública y construir nuevos espacios públicos. También fue reconocido debido a sus políticas públicas transparentes, reducción de la delincuencia y la erradicación de la pobreza. Cuando finalizó su periodo en 2008, contaba con una aprobación del 92 por ciento y fue catalogado como el tercer mejor alcalde del mundo según el Proyecto Alcalde del Mundo. En 2002, Leopoldo López participó en protestas junto con otros líderes de la sociedad civil. A pesar que López fue acusado de participar en el golpe de estado, él no tomó parte de esas acciones, ni firmó el Acta Constitutiva del Gobierno de Transición Democrática y Unidad Nacional “Decreto Carmona”, documento que pretendió destituir a Chávez y disolver la Asamblea Nacional y al Tribunal Supremo de Justicia. López se desempeñó como Alcalde de Chacao hasta el 2008. Posteriormente, entró en vigencia la medida de inhabilitación política para postularse a cargos públicos que le impuso el gobierno de Chávez. Dicha prohibición termina el 12 de diciembre de 2014. López había programado enfrentarse al Partido
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