DOCSLIB.ORG

Albania and the Soviet Union in the Course of the World War Ii

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Albania and the Soviet Union in the Course of the World War Ii Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 11, 2020 ALBANIA AND THE SOVIET UNION IN THE COURSE OF THE WORLD WAR II Dr. Etleva Babameto1 1Albanian University. [email protected] Received: 14.04.2020 Revised: 21.05.2020 Accepted: 12.06.2020 Abstract In the events of World War II, Albania rallied without hesitation on the side of the Anti- Fascist Coalition, alongside the Great Britain, United States and Soviet Union. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyze the role, mission, relations of Albania with the Soviet Union, and how these relations influenced the war course of events in Albania, the spread of communism there and the outcomes of the war for this country. The study is based on the methodology of recognizing and assessing existing historical documents and materials as primary source, based on archival sources, to come up with objective and critical analyzes, interpretations and assessments of current events. The study concludes that regarding the period under study, the Soviet Union, although viewed with admiration from Albania as its ideological ally, had no direct interests in Albania except the spread of Communist ideology; it did not contribute to the liberation of Albania; it did not directly influence the communists’ takeover there. Keywords: WWII, Albania, Soviet Union, Allies, Relationships, Mission. © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.11.166 INTRODUCTION On the official level, however, Albania established diplomatic The decision to analyze the relationship between Albania and relations with the USSR in 1934, but the functions of the Legation USSR in a given period of time such as World War II brings 4 were performed by the Soviet Legation in Athens . The Soviet accordingly to mind the communist ideology, the spread of Government also decided to appoint as its diplomatic communism in the Balkans, and more specifically in Albania. But representative in Tirana in the capacity of the Envoy how and when did communist ideas originate in this country? Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Court of Indeed, before World War II, it can be said that communism in Albania, the Minister of the Soviet Socialist Republics in Athens, the Balkans was very weak and only ideological. Meanwhile in 5 Albania, the first signs of Bolshevik activity aimed at communist Mr. Mikhail Kobexky . The Albanian government gave its consent propaganda appear as early as the 1920s, corresponding with the 6 to this appointment . period when England’s conservative press began publishing in July 1924 articles on “Bolshevik danger” threatening the Balkans. These developments took place at a time when, during the Concretely, The newspaper ‘London Times’ published on July 28, interwar period, the European Diplomacy was focused on 1924 the article “Bolshevik Plots in the Balkans”1. Apparently, ensuring peace on the Continent. This period in Europe, gave rise even Albania being part of the Balkans, had become involved in to two political, ideological and social models which would this political imbroglio. attempt to challenge exactly the most sacred principles of Western democracies: 1. The communist system featured on the This activity for the Balkans was carried out by a spying office Bolshevik Party under which the Soviet Union would adhere to run by Vienna headquartered Comintern headed by a former and abide by the communist principles and aim the strategy of Russian officer named Vorobjeff. The documents show that ruling the communist world through the destruction of world Vienna Comintern agents were also suspected of dealing with capitalism; and 2. The fascist system created by Benito Mussolini. some of the Russians who had been living in Albania for many years, some of whom had obtained Albanian citizenship and a GENERAL OVERVIEW OF ALBANIA - SOVIET UNION part of them the Yugoslav one, but they do not provide detailed RELATIONS IN THE COURSE OF THE WAR YEARS information on any activity of proper political character of these a. Albania’s Status in the Political Spectrum of the USSR Russians or even how and to what extent they influenced the It should be primarily noted that there is scant information on spread of Bolshevism in Albania. the relations between Albania and the Soviet Union during World War II. This is mainly due to the fact, inter alia, that Albania was It must be said that for the period in question, the Albanian at the periphery of this country’s interests to such an extent that people were little familiar with communist ideas. Such ideas had contacts between the two countries were always very rare till the begun to emerge during the first half of the 1930s, when end of World War II. Comintern sent some trained Albanian communists (who had fled after the fall of Fan Noli’s government) to set up some The Soviet Union, meanwhile, had determined its claims on post- communist cells. The first Albanian communist group was set up war influence since the summer of 1940 with a series of by political immigrants in Moscow in 1928. The most prominent diplomatic attempts and maneuvers. To this end, during the of these communists was Ali Kelmendi who helped to create wartime, there was a shift in emphasis on Soviet propaganda: the some communist groups, but their activities were no more than slogan of defending socialist values was replaced by the patriotic distribution of leaflets, cutting enemy wires and organizing urge to defend the motherlan, thereby seeking to draw an equal demonstrations. line between the struggle for the defense of the country with the socialist ideology. This propaganda, among other things, would Bolshevik slogans in Albania are documented as early as 1930 bear its fruit in the course of the war for some countries; yet, and specifically on January 12, 1930, the Prefect of Korça sends Albania was and remained, until the end of World War II a notice to the Intelligence Office for the distribution of slogans country posing almost no interests to this country. Indeed, unlike against Bolshevism and against Ahmet Zog. what it did in Belgrade, Sofia and Bucharest, the Soviet Union made no efforts to openly intervene on behalf of Albania’s affairs. Journal of critical reviews 932 ALBANIA AND THE SOVIET UNION IN THE COURSE OF THE WORLD WAR II Albania is the only country in Europe together with Yugoslavia approve the principle of (con) federation for European countries, where the communist takeover is not a direct outcome of the Red and especially the Balkan countries, the Soviets contended that Army intervention. these federations were directed against the Soviet Union. , The Soviet Union would maintain this position towards Albania In January 1942 at a meeting of Eden in London with the Soviet even after the war, with Albania expressing nothing of interest to ambassador Maisky, told the latter about Albania, that he shared this country except for its favorable strategic Mediterranean Stalin’s view but added that in view of Greek and Yugoslav position. This position already adopted would be further claims, he was not anxious to commit hmself on the subject at expressed at a meeting with the Yugoslav representative later in present. Maisky, after acquainting himself with the views of the January 1948, in which Stalin would openly express indifference, British government, agreed with them and supported the idea of unawareness and a lack of interest for this country, which was in the British government not recognizing Zog as an official but stark contrast to the admiration expressed then in Albania for merely a private person since British commitment in King Zog’s him. At the meeting he would address to the Yugoslav image and the creation of the exiled Albanian government meant representative with the words: “What is happening in that direct commitment in the question of Albania’s independence country? What kind of people are they?.... I had hoped that the and its territorial integrity, which was contrary to Greek Albanians were at least a little Slavic... we have no special interest interests so predominant to English policy. Thus, it was agreed in Albania. We agree to Yugoslavia swallowing Albania ….”. As that neither Britain nor Russia would commit themselves to Zog. commonly known, in 1960 Albania severed relations with its He also guaranteed Eden: the Soviet government wished to ideological leader, ie., the USSR, but the dynamics of these maintain the same footing with the British government in all relations during the Hoxha regime until their breakup is not part matters. But while the Soviet Union maintained the same line of this study. with the British government on all matters concerning Albania, this was not the case for the idea of (con) federations in Europe. All that can be said about the relationships between Albania and The Soviet Union would soon express openly opposition to that the Soviet Union during World War II concerns two to three not matter, a position which it would adopt throughout World War II. so influential moments which will be further dealt with below. Meanwhile, there were rumors that the Soviets intended to reach b. The Soviet Union’s Attitude towards the Italian out to the Mediterranean and establish a sphere of influence in Occupation of Albania the Balkans . This situation prompted discussions in the Foreign Regarding the Soviet Union’s attitude towards the occupation of Office to take measures to prevent Soviet penetration into the Albania, it can be said that little effort if not any was made to region. Thus the question of the creation of federations and/or defend the Albanian cause.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
    UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of Cooperation in the Balkans Between Soe and Nkvd in January-August 1944
    International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION Vol. XXVII No 1 2021 ASPECTS OF COOPERATION IN THE BALKANS BETWEEN SOE AND NKVD IN JANUARY-AUGUST 1944 Marian ZIDARU Black Sea House Association, Constanța, Romania [email protected] Abstract: A meeting was held on 14th January 1944 to discuss the possibilities which might exist for increased collaboration between S.O.E. and N.K.V.D. in the Balkans. The following agenda was submitted: A review of S.O.E. aims in each area and an outline of their resources with the object of examining the possibilities of a concerted Balkans plan for all countries concerned. The coordination of all these plans into one directive. The possibility of discussing such a plan with the N.K.V.D. in an endeavor to enlist their cooperation and assistance in a common plan for S.O.E., O.S.S. and N.K.V.D. Our article follows the evolution of these plans during January-August 1944. Keywords: SOE, NKVD, Balkan, O.S.S., Force 133 1. Introduction As regards Bulgaria: This was the one Cooperation in Eastern Europe countries country in regard to which there was some was difficult. No detailed study of SOE point in initiating discussions in Moscow operation here can be attempted. The for collaboration [1]. NKVD considered British plans regarding Hungary Poland, Czechoslovakia, 2. Yugoslavia Romania, and Bulgaria with deep concern. In Yugoslavia, there were two rival An SOE analyses report in 1944 concluded guerrilla groups within the resistance As regards Yugoslavia: The sending of a movement: a right-wing group called very strong Russian Mission to Tito will Chetniks led by Colonel Draza Mihajlovic bring to a head the questions of future co- and a group of communist partisans led by operation between the Russians and British Josip Broz Tito.
    [Show full text]
  • Masterlista E Qendrave Të Votimit 2019 Al
    Kodi i komunës Qendra e votimit Komuna Vendi Shkolla 1 0101C DEÇAN DEÇAN SHKOLLA "VËLLEZËRIT FRASHËRI" 1 0101X DEÇAN DEÇAN SHKOLLA "LIDHJA E PRIZRENIT" 1 0102C DEÇAN DRENOC SHKOLLA "SYLË ALAJ" 1 0103C DEÇAN GRAMAÇEL SHKOLLA "DRITA" 1 0104C DEÇAN PRAPAQAN SH.F.M.U. "JUSUF GERVALLA" 1 0105C DEÇAN STRELLCI I EPËRM SHKOLLA "BAJRAM CURRI" 1 0106C DEÇAN IRZNIQ SH.F.M.U "MAXHUN ÇEKAJ" 1 0107C DEÇAN GLLOGJAN SH.F.M.U. "HERONJËT E DUKAGJINIT" 1 0108C DEÇAN ISNIQ SHKOLLA FILLORE "ISA BOLETINI" 1 0110C DEÇAN LUMBARDHË SHKOLLA "LAN SELIMI" 1 0111C DEÇAN PREJLEP SHKOLLA FILLORE "SYLEJMAN VOKSHI" 1 0112C DEÇAN RASTAVICË SHKOLLA FILLORE "REXHEP KADRIAJ" 1 0113C DEÇAN BELEG SH.F.M.U. "ARDHMËRIA" 1 0114C DEÇAN STRELLC I POSHTËM SH.F.M.U. "DËSHMORËT E KOMBIT" 2 0201C GJAKOVË GJAKOVË GJIMNAZI "HAJDAR DUSHI" OBJEKTI I RI 2 0202C GJAKOVË GJAKOVË SHKOLLA FILLORE "MUSTAFA BAKIJA" E VJETER 2 0202X GJAKOVË GJAKOVË SHKOLLA FILLORE ""YLL MORINA" E RE 2 0203C GJAKOVË GJAKOVË SHKOLLA FILLORE "MAZLLUM KËPUSKA" 2 0203X GJAKOVË GJAKOVË SHKOLLA E MESME "NEXHMEDIN NIXHA" 2 0204C GJAKOVË GJAKOVË SHKOLLA E MESME "KADRI KUSARI " 2 0205C GJAKOVË GJAKOVË SHKOLLA FILLORE "ZEKERIA REXHA" 2 0206C GJAKOVË KRALAN SHKOLLA FILLORE "8 DËSHMORËT" 2 0207C GJAKOVË CËRMJAN SHKOLLA FILLORE "ALI HASI" 2 0208C GJAKOVË BISHTRAZHIN SHKOLLA FILLORE "GJERGJ FISHTA" 2 0209C GJAKOVË LIPOVEC SHKOLLA FILLORE "SHABAN GOLAJ" 2 0210C GJAKOVË PONOSHEC SHKOLLA FILLORE "GANIMETE TËRBESHI" 2 0211C GJAKOVË KORENICË SHKOLLA FILLORE "LUIGJ GURAKUQI" 2 0212C GJAKOVË ROGOVË SHKOLLA "HAXHI HOTI" 2 0213C GJAKOVË DEMJAN SHKOLLA FILLORE "DURAK AHMETI" 2 0214C GJAKOVË SKIVJAN SHKOLLA "UKSHIN MIFTARI" 2 0215C GJAKOVË BEC SHKOLLA FILLORE "AHMET RRUSTEMI" 2 0216C GJAKOVË NOVOSELLË E ULËT SHKOLLA FILLORE "ENGJËLL GJONI" 2 0217C GJAKOVË DAMJAN‐LAGJA SHEHU SHKOLLA FILLORE "KONGRESI MANASTIRIT" 2 0218C GJAKOVË GËRÇINË SH.F.M.U.
    [Show full text]
  • Missing … Believed Killed!
    Missing … Believed Killed! The Story of Flight Sergeant Leonard James Smith, Air Gunner, R.A.F.V.R. By Terry Maker Missing - Believed Killed Terry Maker is a retired computer engineer, who has taken to amateur genealogy, after retirement due to ill health in 2003. He is the husband of Patricia Maker, nee Gash, and brother in law of Teddy Gash, (the cousins of Fl/Sgt L.J. Smith). He served as a Civilian Instructor in the Air Training Corps, at Stanford le Hope from 1988 until 1993.The couple live in Essex, and have done so for 36 years; they have no children, and have two golden retrievers. Disclaimer The contents of this document are subject to constant, and unannounced, revision. All of the foregoing is ‘as found’, and assumed to be correct at the time of compilation, and writing. However, this research is ongoing, and the content may be subject to change in the light of new disclosure and discovery, as new information comes to light. We ask for your indulgence, and understanding, in this difficult, and delicate area of research. There is copyright, on, and limited to, new material generated by the author, all content not by the author is, ‘as found’, in the Public Domain. © Terry Maker, 2009 Essex. Front Cover Watermark: “JP292-W undergoing routine maintenance at Brindisi, 1944” (Please note: This photograph is of unknown provenance, and is very similar to the “B-Beer, Brindisi, 1943” photo shown elsewhere in this booklet. It may be digitally altered, and could be suspect!) 2 A story of World War II Missing… Believed Killed By Terry Maker 3 To the men, living and dead, who did these things?” Paul Brickhill 4 Dedicated to the Memory of (Enhanced photograph) Flight Sergeant Leonard James Smith, Air Gunner, R.A.F.V.R.
    [Show full text]
  • The Convoluted Road of the Communist Party of Albania: 1941-1948
    E-ISSN 2281-4612 Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol 3 No 6 ISSN 2281-3993 MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy November 2014 The Convoluted Road of the Communist Party of Albania: 1941-1948 Etleva Babameto PhD Candidate at the State University of Tirana [email protected] Doi:10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n6p117 Abstract The Communist Party of Albania, later converted into the Labor Party and subsequently into the Socialist Party, was the only political party ever in Albania until the end of the Cold War leading it upon extreme isolation. As such, it stirs up special consideration. Precisely, this paper is focused on tracing the road accomplished by the Communist Party of Albania from its foundation in 1941 to its derogation into the Labor Party of Albania in 1948. It deals with factors which determined its foundation, its role in the National Liberation movement, its legitimacy, its relations with the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and their implications upon Albanian people. Moreover, the analysis of relations with the Communist Party of Yugoslavia places a significant role in the history of the Communist Party of Albania given that it was founded and controlled through the Yugoslav emissaries in line with the goals, interests and policies of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. Yet, the journey of the Communist Party of Albania cannot be considered detached from national and international situation, namely the other resistance groups, the influence of international factor, strategic importance and attention paid to this country in the context of the Second World War and evolution following the developments both at national and international level in the course of the war years and beyond.
    [Show full text]
  • Air University Review: March-April 1977, Volume XXVIII, No. 3
    The Professional Journal of the United States A ir Force the editors aerie Dr. Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr., in our lead article, "Emerging Major Power Relationships," reflects on the shifting great power triangle of the United States, the Soviet Union, and the Peop!e's Republic of China. The cover, by Art Editor/lllustrator Bill DePaola, depicts an American eagle warily observing this triangle in a graphic elaboration of an abstract theme. For the first time in the experience of this editor, the Awards Committee members were unanimous in their first place votes for Major Don Alberts's "A Call from the Wilderness'' in the November-December 1976 issue. Aspiring authors who want to gain insight into subject matter that receives a very receptive reading by our editorial panei may want to re-examine that article. To the 50 percent of Air Force officers who necessarily receive an efficiency rating of three or below, it may be of more than passing interest to learn that the pseudonymous author of "I Am a Three" was recently promoted. You won't find Major Mark Wynn's name on the lieutenant colonel's promotion list, but we have it on good authority that the author who appeared under that nom de plume in the September-October 1976 issue is a living example that "threes" are promotable. Congratulations would seem to be appropriate, but how does one congratulate the anonymous? In this issue we find ourselves in the slightly embarrassed position of publishing an article by a member of the Air University Review Awards Committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal 46
    ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 46 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. First published in the UK in 2009 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361 4231 Printed by Windrush Group Windrush House Avenue Two Station Lane Witney OX28 4XW 3 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air Marshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-Marshal N B Baldwin CB CBE FRAeS Vice-Chairman Group Captain J D Heron OBE Secretary Group Captain K J Dearman FRAeS Membership Secretary Dr Jack Dunham PhD CPsychol AMRAeS Treasurer J Boyes TD CA Members Air Commodore G R Pitchfork MBE BA FRAes *J S Cox Esq BA MA *Dr M A Fopp MA FMA FIMgt *Group Captain A J Byford MA MA RAF *Wing Commander P K Kendall BSc ARCS MA RAF Wing Commander C Cummings Editor & Publications Wing Commander C G Jefford MBE BA Manager *Ex Officio 4 CONTENTS OPENING ADDRESS – Air Chf Mshl Sir David Cousins 7 THE NORTHERN MEDITERRANEAN 1943-1945 by Wg 9 Cdr Andrew Brookes AIRBORNE FORCES IN THE NORTH MEDITERRANEAN 20 THEATRE OF OPERATIONS by Wg Cdr Colin Cummings DID ALLIED AIR INTERDICTION
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Development Organizations
    EDITION 2010 VOLUME III.A / EUROPE DIRECTORY OF DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS GUIDE TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, GOVERNMENTS, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES, CIVIL SOCIETY, UNIVERSITIES, GRANTMAKERS, BANKS, MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT CONSULTING FIRMS Resource Guide to Development Organizations and the Internet Introduction Welcome to the directory of development organizations 2010, Volume III: Europe The directory of development organizations, listing 63.350 development organizations, has been prepared to facilitate international cooperation and knowledge sharing in development work, both among civil society organizations, research institutions, governments and the private sector. The directory aims to promote interaction and active partnerships among key development organisations in civil society, including NGOs, trade unions, faith-based organizations, indigenous peoples movements, foundations and research centres. In creating opportunities for dialogue with governments and private sector, civil society organizations are helping to amplify the voices of the poorest people in the decisions that affect their lives, improve development effectiveness and sustainability and hold governments and policymakers publicly accountable. In particular, the directory is intended to provide a comprehensive source of reference for development practitioners, researchers, donor employees, and policymakers who are committed to good governance, sustainable development and poverty reduction, through: the financial sector and microfinance,
    [Show full text]
  • Lista E Qendrave Te Votimit ALB
    Nr Kodi i Komunes Komuna Qendra e Votimit 2017 Qyteti‐Vendi Lokacioni Detal 1 1 Deçan/Dečani 0101c Deçan/Dečani Shkolla "Vëllezërit Frashëri" 2 1 Deçan/Dečani 0101x Deçan/Dečani Shkolla "Lidhja e Prizrenit" 3 1 Deçan/Dečani 0102c Drenoc/Drenovac Shkolla "Sylë Alaj" 4 1 Deçan/Dečani 0103c Gramaçel/Gramočelj Shkolla "Drita" 5 1 Deçan/Dečani 0104C Prapaqan/Papraćane SH.F.M.U. "Jusuf Gervalla" 6 1 Deçan/Dečani 0105c Strellci i Epërm/Gornje Streoc Shkolla "Bajram Curri" 7 1 Deçan/Dečani 0106c Irzniq/Rznic Shkolla "Avni Rrustemi" 8 1 Deçan/Dečani 0107c Gllogjan/Glođane SH.F.M.U. "Heronjët e Dukagjinit" 9 1 Deçan/Dečani 0108c Isniq/Istinić Shkolla Fillore "Isa Boletini" 10 1 Deçan/Dečani 0110c Lumbardhë/ Lumbarda Shkolla "Lan Selimi" 11 1 Deçan/Dečani 0111c Prejlep/Prilep Shkolla Fillore "Sylejman Vokshi" 12 1 Deçan/Dečani 0112c Rastavicë/Rastavica Shkolla Fillore "Rexhep Kadriaj" 13 1 Deçan/Dečani 0113c Beleg/Beleg SH.F.M.U. "Ardhmëria" 14 1 Deçan/Dečani 0114c Strellc i Poshtëm/Donji Streoc SH.F.M.U. "Dëshmorët e Kombit" 1 2 Gjakovë/Đakovica 0201c Gjakovë/Đakovica Gjimnazi "Hajdar Dushi" Objekti i Ri 2 2 Gjakovë/Đakovica 0202c Gjakovë/Đakovica Shkolla Fillore "Mustafa Bakija" e vjeter 3 2 Gjakovë/Đakovica 0202x Gjakovë/Đakovica Shkolla Fillore ""Yll Morina" e re 4 2 Gjakovë/Đakovica 0203c Gjakovë/Đakovica Shkolla Fillore "Mazllum Këpuska" 5 2 Gjakovë/Đakovica 0203x Gjakovë/Đakovica Shkolla e Mesme "Nexhmedin Nixha" 6 2 Gjakovë/Đakovica 0204c Gjakovë/Đakovica Shkolla e Mesme "Kadri Kusari " 7 2 Gjakovë/Đakovica 0205c Gjakovë/Đakovica Shkolla
    [Show full text]
  • The Allied Presence on Vis 1943-45 15 Jul 43 a C-47A
    The Allied Presence on Vis 1943-45 15 Jul 43 A C-47A (ser. # 42-23515; Mission 9377) went MIA at Vis Island (apparently all crewmen were accounted for).1 Mid Aug 43 Some 3 weeks before Italy capitulated, the Partisans captured the entire Italian military garrison, of approx. 50 troops, on Vis without a fight, nor any casualties (variously described as an old fort and a lookout post atop Mt Hum). The Italians were disarmed and then freed, whereupon 10 hostages were taken from both Komiža and Vis, with the Italian demand that their weapons be returned within three days.2 31 Aug 43 With no weapons having been returned, the 20 hostages from Komiža and Vis were publicly executed by Italian firing squad.3 8 Sep 43 Italy capitulated. 24 Sep 43 Split evacuated by Partisans under Gen Koca Popović, to advancing Germans, having only controlled the city for eleven days.4 12 Oct 43 OSS began a 3-month mission, under Major Louis Huot, USA, to provide 6,000 tons of supplies to the Partisan garrison on Vis, via Bari, aboard the HMS Gull (Sub-Lt Taylor, RNR) and the little coal steamer SS Bakar. Huot wrote of his main interlocutors being the garrison commander, Commander Sergije Makiedo (actually the Commissar, Lt Col [later Admiral] Josip Černi/Černy was the Cdr), and Jože Poduje. They would moor in the "Baie des Anglais," a little basin on the eastern side of Vis harbor. A derelict convent on the waterfront then served as the Partisan hospital, with 3 young indefatigable doctors, “Bobin,” who spoke shaky French, “Zucalo” who spoke appalling English, & “Biacic” who spoke basic German [note how Strutton cites only 2 Partisan doctors on Vis, the charlatan, “Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Albania Constitution Watch Summer 2002, EECR.Pdf
    East European Constitutional Review Volume 11 Number 3 Summer 2002 Constitution Watch 2 A country-by-country update on constitutional politics in Eastern Europe and the ex-USSR Special Reports 62 Martin Krygier presents ten parables on postcommunism 66 Vladimir Pastukhov offers a fresh take on law’s failure in Russia 75 Tatiana Vaksberg reports from The Hague Tribunal Focus Election Roundup 80 Hungary’s Social-Democratic Turn Andras Bozoki 87 European Union Wins Czech Elections—Barely Jiri Pehe 91 Ukraine’s 2002 Elections: Less Fraud, More Virtuality Andrew Wilson Focus The Politics of Land in Russia 99 Russia’s Federal Assembly and the Land Code Thomas F.Remington 105 Power and Property in Russia: The Adoption of the Land Code Andrei Medushevsky Constitutional Review 119 The Challenge of Revolution, by Vladimir Mau and Irina Starodubrovskaya Daniel Treisman Editor-in-Chief Stephen Holmes Contributing Editors Executive Editor Editorial Board Venelin Ganev Alison Rose Shlomo Avineri Robert M. Hayden Alexander Blankenagel Richard Rose Associate Editor Arie Bloed Andras Sajo Karen Johnson Norman Dorsen Cass R. Sunstein Manuscripts Editor Jon Elster Alarik W.Skarstrom Janos Kis Andrei Kortunov Lawrence Lessig Elizabeta Matynia Marie Mendras Peter Solomon East European Constitutional Review,Vol. 11, No. 3, Summer 2002. ISSN 1075-8402 Published quarterly by New York University School of Law and Central European University, Budapest For subscriptions write to Alison Rose, EECR, NYU School of Law, 161 Sixth Ave., 12th floor, New York,NY,10013
    [Show full text]
  • Albania: Military Review 2012
    TRAINING AND DOCTRINE COMMAND MILITARY REVIEW Security and Defence Review Training and Doctrine Command Third Edition, June 2012 Tirana, June 2012 ‐ 1 ‐ Board of Military Review Publication Approved by the Order of the Minister of Defense No. 1538, dated 18/08/2010 Board Chair B.G. Prof. Asc. Dr. Agim Lala Members Col.(R) Thimi Hudhra Col. Perikli Koliçi M.G. (R) Prof. Dr. Ruzhdi Gjatoja M.G. (R) Prof. Dr. Kostaq Karoli Editor in chief Pano Hallko Editor Silvana Markgjonaj Operator Lindita Kuçana Art design Teuta Mullisi ISSN 2227-8133 (Print), ISSN 2227-8141 (Online) Copyright © 2012 All rights reserved. The Center for Defence Analyses (CDA) of the Albanian Training and Doctrine Command. The views and opinions expressed in this Military Review are of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policies or positions of the Ministry of Defence, General Staff and Training and Doctrine Command. The authors of Military Review articles will not be subject to punishment for free expression of individual views and positions even if they are not in line with the official positions of the defence institution. The authors are also responsible for any slander actions, distortions of facts, offense and plagiarism aspects to the creativity and thoughts of other authors. This edition of Military Review is found on the website http://www.tradoc.mil.al/ In case you can not get the information you need on the Internet, please apply for a copy at the electronic address: e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Training and Doctrine Command Center for Defence Analyses Research Publications Branch Printed: June 2012 ‐ 2 ‐ TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION_____________________________________________________________5 On the Process Strategy of “Smart Defence”________________________________________6 Address by Albanian Minister of Defence Mr.
    [Show full text]