Disparities in Health and Health Care: Five Key Questions and Answers
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Local Health Department Internships
Local Public Health Organizations The following links go to pages for employment, volunteering and internships for local public health departments, public health districts and local health units in Texas. A ● Abilene Taylor-County Public Health District ● Addison (City of) Developmental Services Department ● Alamo Heights (City of) ● Alice (City of) Community Development Department ● Allen (City of) Environmental Services ● Amarillo Area Public Health District ● Andrews City-CO Health Department ● Angelina County and Cities Health District ● Aransas County Environmental Health ● Arlington (City of) Environmental Health Division ● Austin Public Health B ● Balcones Heights (City of) Public Health ● Bastrop County Environmental & Sanitation Services ● Baytown Health Department ● Beaumont Public Health Department ● Bee County Health Department ● Beeville (City of) Development Services Department ● Bell County Health Department 1 Texas Health and Human Services ● hhs.texas.gov ● Bellaire (City of) ● Big Lake (City of) ● Blanco County Environmental Services ● Bosque County Courthouse ● Brady (City of) Health Inspector Office ● Brazoria County Health Department ● Brazos County Health Department ● Brown County-City of Brownwood Health Department ● Brownsville (City of) Health Department ● Burleson (City of) Environmental: volunteering, employment ● Burleson County Environmental ● Burnet County Environmental Services C ● Caldwell County Sanitation ● Cameron County Public Health ● Carrollton (City of) Environmental Svcs: volunteering, employment -
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, Updated 2010
RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN HEALTH CARE, UPDATED 2010 American College of Physicians A Position Paper 2010 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care A Summary of a Position Paper Approved by the ACP Board of Regents, April 2010 What Are the Sources of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care? The Institute of Medicine defines disparities as “racial or ethnic differences in the quality of health care that are not due to access-related factors or clinical needs, preferences, and appropriateness of intervention.” Racial and ethnic minorities tend to receive poorer quality care compared with nonminorities, even when access-related factors, such as insurance status and income, are controlled. The sources of racial and ethnic health care disparities include differences in geography, lack of access to adequate health coverage, communication difficulties between patient and provider, cultural barriers, provider stereotyping, and lack of access to providers. In addition, disparities in the health care system contribute to the overall disparities in health status that affect racial and ethnic minorities. Why is it Important to Correct These Disparities? The problem of racial and ethnic health care disparities is highlighted in various statistics: • Minorities have less access to health care than whites. The level of uninsurance for Hispanics is 34% compared with 13% among whites. • Native Americans and Native Alaskans more often lack prenatal care in the first trimester. • Nationally, minority women are more likely to avoid a doctor’s visit due to cost. • Racial and ethnic minority Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with dementia are 30% less likely than whites to use antidementia medications. -
Human Service Workers Any People Experience Hardship and Need Help
Helping those in need: Human service workers any people experience hardship and need help. This help is provided by M a network of agencies and organi- zations, both public and private. Staffed by human service workers, this network, and the kinds of help it offers, is as varied as the clients it serves. “Human services tend to be as broad as the needs and problems of the cli- ent base,” says Robert Olding, president of the National Organization for Human Services in Woodstock, Georgia. Human service workers help clients become more self-sufficient. They may do this by helping them learn new skills or by recom- mending resources that allow them to care for themselves or work to overcome setbacks. These workers also help clients who are unable to care for themselves, such as children and the elderly, by coordinating the provision of their basic needs. The first section of this article explains the duties of human service workers and the types of assistance they provide. The next action. Throughout the process, they provide several sections detail the populations served clients with emotional support. by, and the occupations commonly found in, human services. Another section describes Evaluate and plan some benefits and drawbacks to the work, and Working closely with the client, human the section that follows discusses the educa- service workers identify problems and cre- Colleen tion and skills needed to enter human service ate a plan for services to help the client solve Teixeira these problems. This process—which includes occupations. The final section lists sources of Moffat additional information. -
Security, Disease, Commerce: Ideologies of Postcolonial Global Health Nicholas B
Special Issue: Postcolonial Technoscience ABSTRACT Public health in the United States and Western Europe has long been allied with national security and international commerce. During the 1990s, American virologists and public health experts capitalized on this historical association, arguing that ‘emerging diseases’ presented a threat to American political and economic interests. This paper investigates these arguments, which I call the ‘emerging diseases worldview’, and compares it to colonial-era ideologies of medicine and public health. Three points of comparison are emphasized: the mapping of space and relative importance of territoriality; the increasing emphasis on information and commodity exchange networks; and the transition from metaphors of conversion and a ‘civilizing mission’, to integration and international development. Although colonial and postcolonial ideologies of global health remain deeply intertwined, significant differences are becoming apparent. Keywords emerging diseases, exchange, information, networks, pharmaceuticals, public health Security, Disease, Commerce: Ideologies of Postcolonial Global Health Nicholas B. King In April 2000, the Clinton administration, citing domestic political pres- sure and awareness of an emergent international health threat, formally designated HIV/AIDS a threat to American national security. Earlier that year, a National Intelligence Council (NIC) estimate projected that the disease would reduce human life expectancy in Sub-Saharan Africa by as much as 30 years, and kill as much -
Sexually Transmitted Infections and the 65 and Older Population: Knowledge and Perceived Risk
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 8-1-2020 Sexually Transmitted Infections and the 65 and Older Population: Knowledge and Perceived Risk Alexus Miranda Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Geriatrics Commons, Public Health Commons, and the Virus Diseases Commons Repository Citation Miranda, Alexus, "Sexually Transmitted Infections and the 65 and Older Population: Knowledge and Perceived Risk" (2020). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 4012. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/22110077 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AND THE 65 AND OLDER POPULATION: KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEIVED RISK By Alexus Maurine Miranda Bachelor of Science – Biological Sciences Chapman University 2014 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the -
Recommendations for Maternal Health and Infant Health Quality Improvement in Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Prog
Anchor Recommendations for Maternal Health and Infant Health Quality Improvement in Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program December 18, 2020 JudyAnn Bigby, Jodi Anthony, Ruth Hsu, Chrissy Fiorentini, and Margo Rosenbach Submitted to: Division of Quality & Health Outcomes Center for Medicaid and CHIP Services Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 7500 Security Blvd. Baltimore, MD 21244 Contracting Officer Representative: Deirdra Stockmann, Ph.D. Contract Number: HHSM-500-2014-00034I/75FCMC18F0002 Submitted by: Mathematica 955 Massachusetts Avenue Suite 801 Cambridge, MA 02139 Telephone: (617) 491-7900 Facsimile: (617) 491-8044 Project Director: Margo L. Rosenbach, Ph.D. Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Poor outcomes and disparities call for urgent actions to improve maternal and infant health ............. 1 The role for Medicaid and CHIP to improve maternal and infant health .............................................. 2 Opportunities to Improve Maternal and Infant Health .................................................................................. 4 Maternal health ................................................................................................................................... 4 Infant health ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................................... -
Building Population Health Confidence in the Asia-Pacific And
Hygiene Factor: Building Population Health Confidence in the Asia-Pacific & Beyond We are living in strange times. Not the least due to the raging modern pandemic but beyond, as we seek to rebalance our livelihoods on what matters most. And it is here that we find ourselves facing a great conundrum ahead – just what level of intervention will be required to build confidence into the new reality, once and for all? The focus at the moment is on the cycle of Pacific, we need to take a multi-pronged approach COVID-19 testing, therapies, vaccines. And rightly to tackling the various health, social, and economic so, the level of global collaboration on these topics dimensions of the pandemic. Continued crisis is nothing short of miraculous. According to the management and risk mitigation are certainly KPMG COVID-19 recovery frameworks being the near-term needs of the hour. deployed by national systems across the Asia- Many countries and Currently unclear how territories countries are long this phase will now past their first peak last and the severity and considering next steps of further waves Number of new cases Time Preparation and containment Mitigate peak and lockdown Recovery and relapse New reality 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 International Reduced Partial All Event School Full Business travel economic restriction restrictions restrictions closures lockdown as usual restriction activity lifting removed Number of new cases Self-quarantine Pandemic Hospitals and Non-clinical ‘Clean’ and ‘Dirty’ Triaging elective Emergency Workforce agility -
Key Messages
KEY MESSAGES he coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant loss of lives, disrupted livelihoods and undermined well-being throughout the world. The COVID-19 crises have underscored how unprepared most health T systems were and the negative impact this can have towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs). These is an urgency to invest in health systems, services and workforce. The 2030 Agenda is a powerful accountability mechanism for the world. It is now more critical than ever to take stock of the lessons learned and progress made in improving population health, and more importantly, to identify and address the gaps that persist where progress is not on track. World Health Statistics 2020 sheds light on the progress towards relevant SDGs and their implications in the midst of the current COVID-19 emergency. The report highlights the need to track population health and its determinants in a comprehensive and continuous manner. This report’s key messages are presented below. 1. The world population is not only living longer but living healthier Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy (HALE) have both increased by over 8% globally between 2000 and 2016, and remain profoundly influenced by income. Despite the largest gains in both indicators being due primarily to the progress made in reducing child mortality and fighting infectious diseases, low-income and lower-middle-income countries continue to suffer from the poorest overall health outcomes, lagging far behind the global average. To effectively sustain the progress in ensuring longer and healthier lives, timely and effective health policies and interventions are needed to minimize the potential direct and indirect impact of COVID-19 on life expectancy, due to excess mortality, and on HALE for populations of different ages, especially among older adults. -
Environmental Gradients and Health Inequalities in the Americas
Sustainable Development and Health Equity Technical Report Series 1 Environmental Gradients and Health Inequalities in the Americas Access to Water and Sanitation as Determinants of Health This report shows that, while the Region of the Americas as a whole was on track to meet the targets of MDG 7 in water and sanitation, large, pervasive, and growing inequalities between and within countries remain hidden behind the regional averages. Tackling these environmentally determined health inequities should be the highest priority in the post-2015 development agenda: inequality is a growing threat to both global health governance and sustainability. The first step is to document, measure, and monitor these inequalities. This report could serve as a benchmark for assessing the impact of actions taken toward health equity under new and existing policies and comparing the results over time. Sustainable Development and Health Equity Technical Report Series 1 Environmental Gradients and Health Inequalities in the Americas Access to Water and Sanitation as Determinants of Health Special Program on Sustainable Development and Health Equity Washington, D.C. 2016 PAHO HQ Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data **************************************************************************************** Pan American Health Organization Environmental Gradients and Health Inequalities in the Americas. Access to Water and Sanitation as Determinants of Health. Washington, DC : PAHO, 2016. 1. Social Determinants of Health. 2. Environmental Health. 3. Water Value. 4. Water Supply. 5. Sanitation. 6. Health Inequalities. 7. Equity in Access. 8. Gradient. 9. Americas. I. Title. ISBN: 978-92-75-11913-6 (NLM Classification: WA 30.5) © Pan American Health Organization, 2016. All rights reserved. The Pan American Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. -
Health Officer Order
NICK MACCHIONE, FACHE HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY WILMA J. WOOTEN, M.D. AGENCY DIRECTOR PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICER PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES 3851 ROSECRANS STREET, MAIL STOP P-578 SAN DIEGO, CA 92110-3134 (619) 531-5800 • FAX (619) 542-4186 ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER (Quarantine of Persons Exposed to COVID-19) The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a substantial threat to the public’s health. San Diego County is currently subject to a declared local health emergency and a proclaimed local emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Governor of the State of California proclaimed a state of emergency. Everyone is at risk for becoming ill with COVID-19, but some people are more vulnerable to serious illness due to age or underlying health conditions. In order to slow the spread of COVID-19, and prevent the healthcare system in San Diego County from being overwhelmed, it is necessary for the Health Officer of the County of San Diego (Health Officer) to require the quarantine of persons exposed to COVID-19. Household contacts, intimate partners, caregivers, and any other person who have been in close contact with a person either diagnosed with COVID-19, or likely to have COVID-19 (COVID-19 Patient), must quarantine themselves. A “close contact” is a contact with a COVID-19 Patient that occurs anywhere between 48 hours before the COVID-19 Patient’s symptoms began (or, for asymptomatic patients, 2 days prior to test specimen collection), and until the COVID-19 Patient is no longer required to be isolated, and where they: 1. -
COVID-19 Focused Infection Control Survey: Acute and Continuing Care
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 7500 Security Boulevard, Mail Stop C2-21-16 Baltimore, Maryland 21244-1850 Center for Clinical Standards and Quality/Quality, Safety & Oversight Group Ref: QSO-20-20-All UPDATE: 03/10/2021 DATE: March 20, 2020 TO: State Survey Agency Directors FROM: Director Quality, Safety & Oversight Group SUBJECT: Prioritization of Survey Activities Memorandum Summary • The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is committed to taking critical steps to ensure America’s health care facilities are prepared to respond to the threat of disease caused by the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). • On Friday, March 13, 2020, the President declared a national emergency, which triggers the Secretary’s ability to authorize waivers or modifications of certain requirements pursuant to section 1135 of the Social Security Act (the Act). Under section 1135(b)(5) of the Act, CMS is prioritizing surveys by authorizing modification of timetables and deadlines for the performance of certain required activities, delaying revisit surveys, and generally exercising enforcement discretion for three weeks. • During this three-week timeframe, only the following types of surveys will be prioritized and conducted: • Complaint/facility-reported incident surveys: State survey agencies (SSAs) will conduct surveys related to complaints and facility-reported incidents (FRIs) that are triaged at the Immediate Jeopardy (IJ) level. A streamlined Infection Control review tool will also be utilized during these surveys, regardless of the Immediate Jeopardy allegation. • Targeted Infection Control Surveys: Federal CMS and State surveyors will conduct targeted Infection Control surveys of providers identified through collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the HHS Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR). -
Planning for Population Health Improvement ……………..…………………...5
Maryland Population Health Improvement Plan: Planning for Population Health Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Office of Population Health Improvement Improvement 12.31.2016 December 31st, 2016 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary ………………………………………………………………….…………….. 3 Introduction to Planning for Population Health Improvement ……………..…………………...5 Maryland Population Health System Transformation………………………………..………......7 The Maryland All-Payer Model Background Planning for Population Health Improvement within the Maryland Context Existing Population Health Infrastructure Importance of Population Health Improvement Planning Data Broadening the Concept of Prevention ……………………………………………………………15 Population Health Management and Population Health Improvement 3 Buckets of Prevention Stakeholder Engagement …………………………………………………………………………..19 Planning for Population Health Improvement: Prioritization Framework and Process……… 21 Planning for Population Health Improvement: Net Savings and Return on Investment (ROI) Concepts ………………………………………………………………………………………......... 24 Future Design Work for Planning for Population Health Improvement..................................... 26 Planning for Sustaining Population Health Improvement Next Steps Vision for Implementation ………………………………………………………………………… 32 Appendices………………………………………………………………………………………… 33 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 73 2 Glossary of Terms ACO: Accountable Care Organizations CDFI Fund: Community Development Financial Institutions Fund CHNA: Community Health Needs Assessment