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Appendix 1 Command Structure of German Naval Intelligence, 1911–1914

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Appendix 1 Command Structure of German Naval Intelligence, 1911–1914 The Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II Secretary of the Naval Office Chief of the Admiralstab Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz Admiral Hugo von Pohl Naval Attaché London Lieutenant Commander Wilhelm Widenmann (1907–1912) Lieutenant Commander Erich von Müller (1912–1914) Director of Naval Intelligence Department (‘N’) Naval Captain Arthur Tapken (1901–1914) Frigate Captain Walther Isendahl (1914–1918) Director of Subdivision ‘NI’ Commander Fritz Prieger Attached to Admiralstab Secretary to ‘N’ on Special Duty Naval Lieutenant Georg Stammer Police Officer Gustav Steinhauer Naval Agents (BEs, VMs) Worldwide Intermediaries in Great Britain Wilhelm Croner or Kronauer, Karl Gustav Ernst, August Wilhelm Julius Klunder, Otto Krüger, Gustav Neumann, Adolf Schneider, Heinrich Schütte Naval agents in Great Britain Paul Brodtmann or Brockmann (later IIIb), Johann Engel, Karl Armgaard Graves, Heinrich Grosse, Lina and Max Heine, Paul Hentschel, Frederick Ireland, Karl Franz Joseph alias Charles Francis Bubenheim, Wilhelm Klare, Charles Parrott, Walter Riemann, Alberto Celso Rodriguez, Max Schultz, Stielow, Izzel ben Aladdin, Ottoman Naval Officers Ahmed Nedjib and Frederick Schroeder alias Gould Illustration 8 Flow chart showing command structure of German Naval Intelligence 148 Appendix 2 Statistical Evidence on German Espionage and British Counter-Espionage during the First World War 25 20 15 10 Number of German spies 5 0 Aug 1914 Oct Dec Feb 1915 Illustration 9 Apr October 1918 June Aug Oct Captured by British authoritiesDec Released for lack of evidence Total numberFeb of German 1916 spies operating in Great Britain Number of spies and capture/releaseApril statistics, August 1914– June Aug Oct Dec Feb 1917 April June Aug Oct Dec Feb 1918 April June Aug Oct 149 Appendix 3 Synopsis of German Naval Agents in the First World War Agent and alias(es) Brief description of activities A1 See Grund, Heinrich. A2 See Schroeder, C. A3 See Calkoen, Jonkheer Johan Jakob. A7 See Greite, Franz Lausitz Theodore. A13 See Wünnenberg, Karl. A15 Naval agent, reporting from Great Britain on Anglo- Russian Commission in May 1917. A19 See Ritzkey, Carl. A21 See Gleichmann, Emil. A29 See van Balen, Willem. A34 Naval agent, reporting from Amsterdam in December 1916. A35 See Vieyra, Leopold. A42 See van Graff. A49 Dutch (?), employee of De Telegraaf, present at David Lloyd George’s speech on 19 December 1916. A57 Naval agent, reporting from Holland in June 1917. A58 See Bacon, George Vaux. A63 Dutch ship expert, reporting from Holland in December 1916. A68 See Flores, Heinrich. A77 See Dunell, Wilhelm. A82 See Meisner, Arthur Denis. A87 Naval agent, reporting from Holland about con- versation with an English journalist in January. In May 1918, reported on conversation with Wood, secretary of British consulate at Rotterdam. A93 See Roodhardt, J.C. A103 See Pass, Adolph. A107 See Mahler, Georg Henri. AE111 See Müller, Carl Friedrich. AE115 Naval agent, on missions to London, Folkestone and Portsmouth throughout 1915. AE123 Sailor, working for ship line connecting Continent and England in October 1915. 150 German Naval Agents 151 AE128 Naval agent, reporting from London in July 1915 on recruitment of volunteers. AE129 Dockyard worker in Denmark, reporting to ‘N’ in October 1915. AE134 Dutch precision mechanic. Employed by Wolseley Company in October 1915. AE146 English journalist resident in Holland, reporting in October 1915. Ahrens, Paul H. alias German–American, employed by ‘NI’. Undertook Otto C. Storbeck two reconnaissance voyages to Britain in October 1914 and in May 1915. Albanians, two Two Albanians, recruited by German consul Tjaben anonymous in Rumania. Supposed to undertake reconnaissance voyage to Britain in the summer of 1915. Ayllonrivas, Antonio Argentinean, in October 1916 sent to Holland to work as agent for Antwerp. Bacon, George Vaux alias American journalist, reported on behalf of ‘N’ for A58 Central Press Agency from England to Rutledge Rutherford and others in Holland. Arrested and court-martialled in February 1917, sentenced to death. On request of US government extradited to the United States, where he was tried and convicted to one year’s penal servitude. van Balen or Baalen, Naval or military agent, probably Dutch, employed Willem alias A29 by Antwerp in 1915. Acquaintance of Emil Brugman. Ballin, anonymous An anonymous contact of Albert Ballin, forwarded contact of HAL director a report to the latter about an espionage mission Albert Ballin to Britain early in 1916. Ballin sent the report to the German government. Bekker or Bekkers Undertook reconnaissance mission for Antwerp to Liverpool in August 1915. Berg Naval agent in Scandinavia. Upon arrest in the summer of 1917 betrayed all confidential material to the local authorities in Denmark. Black alias Kopreko Naval agent, employed by Antwerp, undertook at least one voyage to Britain prior to December 1914. Then deactivated because ‘N’ suspected that his identity had been exposed. Boehm or Böhm, First German engaged in sabotage in the United States Lieutenant Hans alias in 1914. Early in 1915, in Ireland to promote unrest. Joseph D. Noerndle alias In March on intelligence mission to Scotland on Jelks Leroy Thrasher behalf of ‘N’. In April 1915, declared his inability to go on another mission to Britain, but in January 1917 arrested and interned there, after the war repatriated. Recruited William Mac Cully and Anthony J. Brogan. Born, George American journalist, working for Wünnenberg and Sander. 152 Appendix 3 Bosch, Exequiel Argentinean, in October 1916 sent to Holland to work as agent for Antwerp. Boulan, C. Naval agent, possibly arrested in England in July 1915 and subsequently released. de Bournonville, Eva Naval agent, born Dane, naturalized Swede. Worked at Danish Legation in London from August to November 1915. Arrested, sentenced to death, sentence commuted to life imprisonment. den Braber, Cornelius Naval agent, probably hired by Hilmar Dierks. Marinus Dutch seaman, travelled to England in June 1915, arrested and released due to lack of evidence in same month. Brandes, Gertrude Private Secretary to Lady Baroness von Schröder. Elizabeth Sophia Knew Heddy Glauer (Grosse) in 1912 and hosted Louise Emily Wertheim in 1915. Herself probably not employed by ‘N’. Brandt, Dr German, PhD in economics. Recruited agents, until December 1914 for IIIb, then for ‘N’ in Holland. Collaborated with Hilmar Dierks in recruiting Louise Emily Wertheim and Jacob Dirkszwager in 1914 and 1915. van Brandwijk, Dutch casual labourer, served as cover address Jan alias A51 (‘Brandwijk & Co.’) for naval agents in Britain in 1915. Possibly involved in exposing Hilmar Dierks. Braun, Kapitän Employed by Consul Gneist in Rotterdam for ‘N’, but also recruiting, in competition with ‘N’, for another department in Berlin. Was exposed in 1915 when one of Gneist’s agents lost documents on German intelligence system. Breeckow, Georg German piano dealer, acquired US citizenship. Naval Traugott alias Reginald agent for Antwerp, came to England in May 1915, Rowland alias George worked together with Louise Emily Wertheim. Parker Arrested in June, executed in October 1915. Brodersen, J. Swede, in October 1914 offered to go on espionage mission to England, and probably did so shortly afterwards. Brogan, Anthony J. Irish businessman, recruited by Hans Boehm in New alias Kelly York. From March until June 1915 in Scotland to recruit Irishmen for ‘N’. Then coordinating German sabotage in Britain from Lisbon and Madrid. In contact with Roger Casement. Brugman, Emil alias A32 Dutch chemical engineer. Employed by Antwerp. Travelled to England in October 1915, obtained interview with and pass of Minister of Munitions, Lord Moulton. In May 1916 arrested, but due to lack of evidence released. Bruns Naval agent, possibly arrested in Britain in July 1915. German Naval Agents 153 Buer Naval agent, Armenian. In July 1915 sent to England on intelligence mission for Antwerp. Burhorn alias Charles German–American, end of December 1914 sent to Morton United States by ‘N’ to obtain passport and recruit naval agents. Finally dismissed by Ambassador Johann Bernstorff in Washington, DC due to exaggerated financial demands. Bushman, Fernando or Brazilian of German origin, naval agent, possibly Ferdinand Buschmann recruited by Hilmar Dierks or Heinrich Flores. Travelled to England in April 1915, arrested in June and executed in October. Cadmus, Henry R. alias Argentinean businessman, recruited by ‘N’ Gentz alias Edward through Dr Max Salomon. On intelligence mission in Britain September to November 1914. Had an acquaintance in War Office. In London in contact with Hugo Gramatzki. Finally dismissed by Prieger due to exaggerated financial demands. Calkoen, Jonkheer Johan Dutch cocoa nut trader, reported from London to Jakob alias A3 Antwerp from May until June 1915. Cléton, Mrs N.M. Cover name used by Hilmar Dierks’ wife while he was in Dutch custody. Cornehlsen, Otto German saboteur in England and Norway in 1917. alias Kolker Cribben, Peter American journalist, working for Wünnenberg and Sander. Cursach, Juan Argentinean, in October 1916 sent to Holland to work as agent for Antwerp. Curtis Naval agent, reported to ‘N’ from London in May 1915. Daelen, Paul E. alias German–American, captain, former Norddeutscher P.E. Parker alias Lloyd employee. Employed by Prieger and Lambrecht alias subsequently by Wesel, on several missions William Kottkamp to Britain: September–October 1914, December– January 1915, April–May 1915. In March, in New York. In the same month awarded the Iron Cross, second class. In 1916–1917, organizing espionage from Amsterdam. Dane, anonymous Unnamed Danish skipper of the German steamboat Septima. Sent to England on behalf of ‘N’ by Lieutenant Commander Kaiser in Rotterdam. Davis, Robert See Wünnenberg, Karl. Dierks, Hilmar, NCO alias On Western front in opening campaign. Instructed Sanderson or Saunderson by Wesel to go on intelligence mission to England in October 1914, but failed. In December 1914 in Denmark for ‘N’. Then as recruiter for ‘N’ in The Hague. Involved in numerous recruitments in the Netherlands. In June or July 1915 arrested by Dutch authorities.
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    Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan)