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Myxomyceten Aus Der Bundesrepublik Deutschland V (Mit Berücksichtigung Von Vorkommen in Oberösterreich) 25-46 ©Staatl

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Myxomyceten Aus Der Bundesrepublik Deutschland V (Mit Berücksichtigung Von Vorkommen in Oberösterreich) 25-46 ©Staatl ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Carolinea - Beiträge zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Südwestdeutschland Jahr/Year: 1989 Band/Volume: 47 Autor(en)/Author(s): Neubert Hermann, Nowotny Wolfgang, Baumann Karlheinz Artikel/Article: Myxomyceten aus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland V (Mit Berücksichtigung von Vorkommen in Oberösterreich) 25-46 ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at carolinea, 47: 25-46, 6 Abb., 8 Farbtaf.; Karlsruhe, 30. 10. 1989 25 H e r m a n n N e u b e r t , W o l f g a n g N o w o t n y & K a r l h e in z B a u m a n n Myxomyceten aus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland V (Mit Berücksichtigung von Vorkommen in Oberösterreich) Kurzfassung 1. Einleitung Die einzige Ordnung Stemonitales der Unterklasse Stemonito- mycetidae wird bis zu den Gattungen, die Gattungen Collaria Um dem Fehlen neuerer deutschsprachiger Bestim­ und Lamproderma werden bis zu den Arten aufgeschlüsselt. mungsliteratur über Myxomyceten weiter abzuhelfen Die aus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, dem deutschen und französischen Alpenraum und Oberösterreich nachgewiesenen und als Teilergebnis einer umfangreicheren Arbeit über Arten der Gattungen Collaria und Lamproderma werden be­ die bei uns vorkommenden Sippen, wird nachstehend schrieben und diskutiert. 3 neue Arten und eine neue Varietät die Unterklasse Stemonitomycetidae bis zu den Gattun­ aus der Gattung Lamproderma werden vorgestellt: L. album, L gen aufgeschlüsselt. Hieraus werden die Arten der Gat­ longifilum, L. mucronatum und L. arcyrioides var. leucofilum. tungen Collaria und Lamproderma, soweit sie nachge­ Arcyria helvética erhält Artrang. Die Liste der Myxomyceten der wiesen oder zu erwarten sind, vorgestellt. Nachdem W. Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Neubert & B aumann 1986) wird N ow otny seit Jahren die Myxomycetenflora von Ober­ unter Einschluß der aus Oberösterreich bekannten Sippen er­ österreich beobachtet, bot es sich an, seine Feststellun­ gänzt. gen einzubeziehen, um so die Aussagen auf eine breite­ Abstract re Grundlage zu stellen. Die dort nachgewiesenen Arten Myxomycetes of the Federal Republic of Germany V. sind auch bei uns zu erwarten. Die Gattung Lamproder­ (Collections from the western part of Austria included). ma wird mit 22 Arten eingehend diskutiert. Die Gattung Using collections of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Collaria wird mit berücksichtigt, zumal manche Autoren western part of Austria a key is given for the only order, the fami­ beide Gattungen nicht unterscheiden. Dies soll dazu an­ lies, and the genus of the subclass Stemonitomycetidae. The regen, diesen Sippen insbesondere im alpinen Raum species of the genus Collaria and Lamproderma are described mehr Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken. Die Gattung Lam­ and discussed. 3 species and 1 variety are new to science: L. album, L. longifilum, L. mucronatum and L. arcyrioides var. leu­ proderma beinhaltet Arten, die zur Reife einer mehrmo­ cofilum. A new combination: Arcyria helvética. The list of the natigen, hohen Schneelage bedürfen und die sofort myxomycetes of the F.R.G. (NEUBERT & BAUMANN 1986) is nach der Schneeschmelze in unmittelbarer Nähe von completed, collections of the western part of Austria are added. Schneefeldern fruktif¡zieren. S chinner (1982) unter­ suchte im Verlauf von 3 Jahren im Gebiet des Groß­ Autoren glockner auch in der Schneezone lebende Arten und Dr. HERMANN NEUBERT, Tullastr. 9. D-7580 Bühl 21, wies dabei auf die besonderen Bedingungen hin, die ih­ WOLFGANG NOWOTNY, Marktplatz 97, A-4752 Riedau, re Entwicklung von Spore zu Spore verlangt. So konnte Karlheinz Baum ann , Lindenstr. 40, D-7413 Gomaringen. er beobachten, daß, beispielsweise bei Lamproderma carestiae, Sporenkeimung und Entwicklung des Plas­ modiums bei höheren Temperaturen (ca. 20° C) möglich IV.: Schlüssel zu den Ordnungen und zu den Familien, Gattun­ sind, Sporocarpien bildeten sich hingegen nur bei an­ gen und Arten der Ordnung Trichiales. - Carolinea, 45 (1987): haltend niederer Temperatur (4° C). In den letzten Jah­ 51-76; Karlsruhe. ren wurde den nivicolen Myxomyceten besonders durch Frau M. M eyer , Frankreich, erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet (1986, 1987). Es zeigt sich, daß viele Arten, die M eylan in den Anfangsjahren dieses Jahrhunderts als Varietäten und Arten publizierte, tatsächlich existie­ ren, während sie durch nachfolgende Autoren nur als Synonyme allgemein bekannter (Sammel-)Arten aufge­ faßt wurden. Intensive Suche im Spätfrühling und Früh­ sommer in Gebieten mit ausreichender Schneelage wird noch manche Probleme lösen. Die Gattung Lamproderma wurde ausführlich von D en - nison (1945 a, b) und Kow alski (1968, 1970) erörtert, hierauf wird verwiesen. Haben D ennison (1945 a: 81) 13 und Kowalski (1970: 621) 21 Arten anerkannt, gehen wir heute von 34 Sippen aus. Dies bestätigt die Vermu­ ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at 26 carolinea, 47 (1989) tung Kowalskis (1968: 758): „The longer I work in the Die Familie Stemonitaceae Rost . mountains, the more I am convinced that Lamproderma Versuch S. 6; 1873 (als Tribus). will eventually contain more species than it does at pre­ Fruchtkörper gestielte oder ungestielte Sporocarpien, sent.“ Plasmodiocarpien, Äthalien oder Pseudoäthalien, Peri­ Die Herbarangaben besagen: „Now.“ - N ow o tn y , „B“ : die dauerhaft oder früh schwindend, mit oder ohne Co­ Baum ann , „M “ : N eubert , „NB“ : N annenga -B rem ekam p . lumella; Fäden des Capillitiums verzweigt, oft netzför­ Soweit nicht anders vermerkt, ist bei den Sporenmaßen mig, von der Columella, der Basis des Fruchtkörpers deren Skulptur eingeschlossen. In Übereinstimmung und/oder der Peridie ausgehend; Sporen in Masse mit D orfelt (1988) wird für die sporenerzeugenden schwarz oder braun. Fruchtkörper die Bezeichnung „Sporocarpien“ an Stel­ N annenga -B remekamp (1974), der nachstehend gefolgt le von „Sporangien“ verwendet. Die letztere Bezeich­ wird, rechnet der Familie 16 Gattungen zu, M artin , nung sollte auf Strukturen mit zellulärer Wand be­ A lexopoulos & F arr (1983) anerkennen 10 Gattungen. schränkt bleiben. Im Bundesgebiet sind, mit Ausnahme von Paradiachea, alle Gattungen nachgewiesen. Wir danken ganz herzlich Frau Nannenga -Brem ekam p , Door- werth, Niederlande, und Herrn Dr. Schmid-H eckel , Regens­ Schlüssel zu den Gattungen der Familie burg, für die Erlaubnis der Beschreibung der beiden neuen Ar­ Stemonitaceae. ten Lamproderma mucronatum und Lamproderma album. Un­ 1 Fruchtkörper Äthalien oder Pseudoäthalien 2 ser Dank gilt gleichermaßen Frau M. MEYER, Savoie, Frank­ 1* Fruchtkörper Sporocarpien oder Plasmodiocarpien, Einzel­ reich, fürdie Zustimmung, einenTeil ihrer Beobachtungen in un­ fruchtkörper bei Reife stets deutlich ausgebildet 3 serer Arbeit berücksichtigen zu dürfen. Nicht zuletzt herzlichen 2.1 Fruchtkörper oft große, mehrere Dezimeter messende, Dank den Direktionen des Botanischen Museums Berlin-Dah­ dunkelbraune bis nahezu schwarze Äthalien, mit dünner, lem und des Staatsherbariums München für die Überlassung schwindender Haut überzogen, Capillitium fadenförmig, der von Herbarmaterial zur Revision. Columella verbunden, mit blasenförmigen, netzig gekammer­ ten Verdickungen Brefeldia ROST. Unterklasse Stemonitomycetidae Ross. 2.2 Fruchtkörper Äthalien oder Pseudoäthalien, halbkugelig bis (Zur Definition vgl. N eubert & B aumann 1987). niedergedrückt, mit bald schwindender Haut überzogen, Spo­ Ordnung Stemonitales Macbride. ren fast stets größer als 12 pm N. Am. Slime-Moulds ed. 2: 122; 1922. Amaurochaete ROST. 2.3 Fruchtkörper Pseudoäthalien, aus dicht stehenden, mitein­ Die Ordnung hat die Merkmale der Unterklasse. anderverbundenen, stets sitzenden Sporocarpien, Columella hohl, ohne Oberflächennetz, Capillitium verzweigt oder netz­ Schlüssel zu den Familien der Ordnung förmig, Maschenwinkel verbreitert Stemonitales. Symphytocarpus B. ING & N an n .-brem . 1.1 Fruchtkörper zu Pseudoäthalien vereinigt, Capillitium aus 3 Fruchtkörper sitzend oder gestielt, selten plasmodiocarp 4 wellig gewundenen Fäden, von der Basis zum lidartigen 3* Fruchtkörper immer gestielt, Stiel normalerweise lang 7 Oberteil verlaufend 4 Fruchtkörper stets sitzend, zylindrisch, bisweilen mit Colu­ Schenellaceae mella, Peridie dauerhaft 1.2 Fruchtkörper Sporocarpien, Plasmodiocarpien, Äthalien Paradiachea Hertel oder Pseudoäthalien, Capillitium verzweigt und mehr oder 4* Fruchtkörper nicht ausschließlich sitzend 5 weniger netzförmig, von der Columella, der Fruchtkörperba­ 5 Fruchtkörper sitzende oder kurz gestielte, kugelige Sporocar­ sis oder der Peridie ausgehend pien, Peridie zweilagig, äußerer Teil frisch gelatinös, Capilli­ Stemonitaceae tium von der Basis zur Peridie verlaufend, verzweigt, biswei­ len netzig Die Familie Schenellaceae Nann .-Brem. Colloderma G. LlSTER Proc. koningl. nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Ser. C, 70:203; 5* Äußerer Teil des Fruchtkörpers in frischem Zustand nicht ge­ latinös 6 1967. 6.1 Fruchtkörper sitzende oder mit kurzem, dickem Stiel verse­ Fruchtkörper zu Pseudoäthalien vereinigt, Peridie, mit hene Sporocarpien, Peridie im oberen Bereich häutig dünn, Ausnahme der gedrängt sitzenden, becherähnlichen zur Basis mit dicken, körnigen Kalkeinschlüssen, Capillitium Basis und des lidartigen Oberteils, geschwunden, diese vom Grunde des Fruchtkörpers ausgehend durch wellig gebogene, umeinandergedrehte Capilli- Leptoderma G. LlSTER tiumfäden verbunden, die flächig
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