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Claudius Clavus) Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Toronto http://archive.org/details/fyenboenclaudiusOObjor Mémoires de I'Académie Royale des Sciences et des Lettres de Danemark, Copenhague, me 6 serie, Section des Lettres, t. VI, n" 2. Fyenboen Claudius Claussøn Swårt (Claudius Clavus), Nordens ældste Kartograf. En Monografi af Axel Antlion Bjørnbo og Carl S. Petersen. Avec un resumé en francens. 1). Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter. 6. Hække, historisk og filosofisk A.fd. VI. 2. ~"**t,^f5^S*" København. Hovedkommissionær: Andr. Pijed. Høst & Søn, Kgl. Hof-Boghandel. Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri. 1904. Det Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, 5te Række. Historisk og filosofisk Afdeling. Kr. øre I, 1852 <>• » 2. » 1. Petersen, F. C. Om Epheterne, og deres Dikasterier i Athen. 1847 2. Rosenvinge, J. L. A. Kolderup-. Om Rigens Ret og Dele. 1847 1. 35. » 3. Scharling, C. E. Mystikeren Michael Molinos's Lære og Skjæbne. 1852 i. 4. Usslng, J. L. Om Italienernes Deelagtiggjørelse i den romerske Borgenet ved Bellum sociale. 1852 ... I. 65. II, med 12 Tavler, 1857 8. 50. I. » 1. Usslng, J. L. Græske og latinske Indskrifter i Kjøbenhavn. 1854 2. Westergaard, N. L. Om den anden eller den sakiske Art af Akhæmenidernes Kileskrift. 1854 3. 35. 3. Usslng, J.L. Attiske Studier. 1. Om Sokrates's Hermes Propylæos og Chariterne. 2. Om Planen og Ind- retningen af Parthenon. Med 3 Tavler. 1856 2. 4. Paludan-Muller, C. Herredagene i Odense 1526 og 1527. Et Bidrag til en kritisk Behandling af den danske Reformationshistorie. 1857 2. • 5. Muller, J. Den thraciske Konge Lysimachus's Mynter. Med 9 Tavler. 1857 4. » IH, med 5 Tavler, 1869 • 8. » » 1. Usslng, J.L. Om de Kejser Trajan tillagte Breve til Plinius. 1860 75. 2. Muller, L. Oversigt over de puniske Gudebilleder. Med Træsnit. 1861 » 65. 3. Religiøse Symboler af Stjerne-, Kors- og Cirkelform hos Oldtidens Kulturfolk. Med 1 Tavle og Træsnit. 1864 I. 75. 4. Undersøgelse af et gammelt persisk Symbol, bestaaende i en Ring med forskjellige Tilsætninger. / Med 1 Tavle. 1864 59. 5. Hermes-Stavens Oprindelse. Med 1 Tavle. 1865 ' » 65. » 6. Usslng, J.L. To græske Vaser i Antik-Kabinettet i Kjøbenhavn. Med 2 Tavler. 1866 75 7. Allen, CF. Om Christiern den Andens saakaldte geistlige Lov eller Loven for Landet. 1867 •> 50 8. Westergaard, N. L. De indiske Keiserhuse fra det 4de til det 10de Aarhundrede og nogle ældre Fyrsteslægter efter samtidige Aktstykker. Resumé en francais. 1867—69 3. 15. (Fortsættes paa Omslagets S. 3.) Fyenboen Claudius Claussøn Swart (Claudius Clavus), Nordens ældste Kartograf. En Monografi af Axel Anthon Bjørnbo og €aii S. Petersen. Aver wii resumé en frangais. D. Kel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter, 6. Hække, historisk oe filosofisk Afil. VI. 2. København. Bianco Lun os Bogtrykkeri. 1904. -IN ærværende Afhandling, som til de mindste Detaljer er fremgaaet af et intimt Samarbejde mellem Forfatterne . skylder en ren Tilfældighed sin Tilblivelse. I Efteraaret 1900 fandt nemlig Bjørnbo den i Afhandlingens Kap. 7 publicerede middelalderlige Nordens- beskrivelse i et Wienerhaandskrift, som han havde laant til Miinchen for at kollationere en deri indeholdt matematisk Text. Saasnart vi var blevet klace over, at der her forelaa en hidtil ukendt Kilde til Nordens Geografihistorie, blev vi enige om at forfølge Sagen i Fællesskab. Først og fremmest gjaldt det om muligt at finde flere Haandskrifter af samme Text. Det lykkedes ogsaa at finde endnu et saadant, atter i Wien, hvorimod Undersøgel- serne i Bibliotekerne i København, Miinchen, Niirnberg, Augsburg, Linz, Melk, Kloster- neuburg, Verona, Padova, Venezia, Milano, Parma, Modena, Bologna, Firenze, Siena, Napoli og Rom viste sig frugtesløse. I næste Række gik vore Bestræbelser ud paa en nøjere Undersøgelse af de gamle haandtegnede Nordenskort af de to Typer, af hvilke Nordenskiold, v. Wieser og Jos. Fischer har fundet Exemplarer henholdsvis i Warschau, Firenze, Rom og Wolfegg. Det viste sig nemlig hurtigt, at disse Kort, hvad Afhandlingens Kap. 5 nærmere gør Rede for, stod i den allernøjeste Forbindelse med — Texten i Wienerhaandskrifterne. Undersøgelsen paa Stedet af de hidtil kendte Kort paa nær det i Warschau — , af et nyt, som fandtes i Rom, samt af de Haandskrifter, hvortil Kortene hørte, fuldstændiggjorde vort Materiale paa en saadan Maade, at vi kunde gennem- føre den Udredning af Kildernes Sammenhæng, som udgør Afhandlingens første Afsnit. Resultatet blev, at vi kunde fastslaa Omfanget af den danske middelalderlige Kartograf Claudius Clavus' Forfattervirksomhed. Den nøjere Behandling og Vurdering af denne er givet i andet Afsnit, og trods adskillige Mangler mener vi at have bragt Klarhed over en Del af de Spørgsmaal, der her frembød sig, og hvad de øvrige angaar i alt Fald at have givet et Grundlag for videre Forskninger. For Udlaan til Miinchen og København af de nævnte Wienerhaandskrifter bringer vi Direktionen for K. K. Hofbib I i o t he k i Wien vor ærbødige Tak. Hs. Højhed Fyrst Waldburg- Wolfegg, Præfekten for Vatikanbiblioteket Pater F. Ehrle, Direktionerne for Biblioteca Nazionale i Firenze og Biblioteka Ordynancyi Zamoiskiei i Warschau har Krav paa den største Erkendtlighed fra vor Side, dels for den Elskvær- 6* (lighed, de har udvist ved at tilstaa den frieste Benyttelse af de kostbare Haandskrifter, der indeholder de ovennævnte Kort, dels for den Imødekommenhed, hvormed de har besvaret vore skriftlige Forespørgsler. En særlig Tak skylder vi Hr. Overbibliotekar E. W. Dahl- gren i Stockholm, som til Benyttelse og Reproduktion velvilligst overlod os et Fotografi af det bedste af de nævnte Kort. De Herrer, Professorerne L. Traube i Miinchen, F. Boll i Wurzburg, Joh s. Steenstrup, Kr. Erslev, F. Jonsson og J. L. Heiberg i København, Pastor O. Kaikar, Overbibliotekar H. O. Lange, Underbibliotekar C. Weeke, Rigsarkivar Dr. jur. V. A. Secher, Docent Verner Dahlerup, Dr. phil. H. Ræder, Bibliotekar Raphael Meyer, Cand. mag. Julius Nielsen og Cand. Hjalmar Bergstrand i Upsala takker vi hjærteligst for de Tjenester, de beredvilligt har ydet os til Fremme for vort Arbejde. Forfatterne. ) Indholdsfortegnelse. Indledning Side 7 (49) I. Overleveringernes Sammenhæng. » Kap. I . Opfattelsen af Nancyværket 23 (65) — 2. Kortene af A- og B-Typen » 29 (71) — 3. Wienerhaandskrifterne » 56 (98) — 4. Ulmerudgaverne, Schoner og Irenicus » 61 (103) — 5. Wienertexten og det tilhørende Kort » 80 (122) II. Værkernes Indhold, Kilder og Betydning. Kap. 6. Stednavnene hos Clavus » 93 (135) 7. Udgave af Wienertexten med Oversættelse > 123 (165) — 8. Clavus' Kilder. A. Ptolemæus • 146 (188) B. Bejsebog og Kompaskort » 155 (197) C. Selvsyn » 166 (208) D. Nordiske Kilder » 184 (226) — 9. Clavus selv og hans Betydning » 197 (239) III. Bilag. 1. Texten til Nordenskortet (A,) i Cod. Magliab. XIII. 16 » 213 (255) 2. Uddrag af Begers Begistrum alphabeticum » 214 (256) 3. Tabel over Navnene i Clavus' yngre Værk • 215 (257) 4. Nancytexten-Nancykortet • 236 (278) 5. Facsimile af Clavustexten i Wienerhaandskrifterne » 241 (283) 6. Facsimile af Nordenskortet (A,) i Cod. Magliab XIII. 16 Tavle 1 7. Kort konstrueret efter Wienertexten » 2 8. Kort konstrueret efter Nancytexten » 3 Bésumé en francais Side 249 (291 Trykfejl. Side 27 (69), Linie 1 fra neden: sydligste og nordligste, læs: nordligste. 49 (91), » 2 fra oven: Holar, læs: Holar. 102 (144), » 1 fra oven: Vatikanerbiblioteket, læs: Vatikanbiblioteket. » 129 (171), » 17 fra oven: Primus, læs: Primum. 172 (214), 7 fra oven: og det bedste af A-Kortene (A,) ikke, læs: ikke. » » » »8 fra oven : de andre A-Kort, læs : A-Kortene. » 181 (223), Note 292: 87—88, læs: 187—88. Indledning. Jjlandt de faa navngivne Forfattere fra den danske Middelalder er der med Und- tagelse af Saxo næppe nogen, som er blevet saa hyppigt omtalt og saa ofte gjort til Genstand for endog ret indgaaende Behandling som Geografen Umulius Uavus eller Nicolaus Niger. Man er ganske vist endnu ikke enig om, hvilke Arbejder der med Rette bør tillægges ham , eller hvor stor en Indflydelse han har haft paa Samtid og nærmeste Eftertid ; men derom hersker der Enighed, at Løsningen af de Spørgsmaal, hvortil hans Navn er knyttet, er af den største Interesse for Forstaaelsen af Kartografiens og Geografiens ældre Historie. Et Bidrag til Løsningen af nogle af disse Spørgsmaal er det denne Afhandlings Hensigt at give, og den søger en væsentlig Del af sin Berettigelse deri, al den delvis bygger paa et Materiale, som hidtil har været ukendt, og saaledes formentlig vil have noget nyt at med- dele. Som Indledning vil det vistnok findes hensigtsmæssigt, at der gives en Oversigt over de tidligere Arbejder paa dette Omraade og de forskellige Opfattelser, der har gjort sig gældende. Fortjenesten af først at have fremdraget et originalt Arbejde af den danske Geograf tilkommer Franskmanden Jean Blau (f 1842). 1 Biblioteket i Nancy opbevares et Haand- skrift (cod. Nanc. lat. 441), afsluttet 1427, som indeholder Jacobus Angelus' latinske Oversættelse af Ptolemæus' Geografi, og som har tilhørt den for geografiske Studier stærkt interesserede Kardinal Guillauine Fillastre (f 1428). I dette Haandskrift findes som et Slags Tillæg til Ptolemæus' Text en Beskrivelse over Norden med tilhørende Kort, forfattet af en Claudius Clauus Cymbricus. En Udgave af denne Beskrivelse og et Facsi- mile af Kortet gav Blau i Aaret 1836, ledsaget af en Beskrivelse af hele Ptolemæushaand- x skriftet og en Redegørelse for dets Historie ). Om Kardinalen selv og hans geografiske Interesser kunde han meddele interessante Oplysninger, men om Clavus vidste han intet andet, end hvad der fremgik af Texten: at han var en Fyenbo ved Navn Claudius Clauus eller ') Mémoires de la société royale des seienees, lettres et arts de Nancy 1835, Nancy 1836, p. LUI IV. og p. 66 ff. — cfr. Catalogue general des Mss. des bibl. de France. Tome IV, Paris 1886, p. 187 (cod. Nanceian. 441). 50 8 Clauius, hvorhos han formodede, at Kardinalen personlig havde kendt ham og hans Arbejder og ligefrem bestilt Beskrivelse og Kort hos ham. Blau's Udgave efterfulgtes 2 snart af en ny ved G.
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