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Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Escalera-Loreto Cordillera Perú: Instituciones Participantes/ Participating Institutions

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Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Escalera-Loreto Cordillera Perú: Instituciones Participantes/ Participating Institutions .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................no. 26 ....................................................................................................................... 26 Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Instituciones participantes/ Participating Institutions The Field Museum Nature and Culture International (NCI) Federación de Comunidades Nativas Chayahuita (FECONACHA) Organización Shawi del Yanayacu y Alto Paranapura (OSHAYAAP) Municipalidad Distrital de Balsapuerto Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Herbario Amazonense de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (AMAZ) Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI) Esta publicación ha sido financiada en parte por The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, The Hamill Family Foundation y The Field Museum. / This publication has been funded in part by The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, The Hamill Family Foundation, and The Field Museum. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories The Field Museum Science and Education 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA T 312.665.7430 F 312.665.7433 www.fieldmuseum.org/rbi THE FIELD MUSEUM FIELD THE INFORME/REPORT NO. 26 Perú: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Nigel Pitman, Corine Vriesendorp, Diana Alvira, Jonathan A. Markel, Mark Johnston, Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza, Agustín Lancha Pizango, Gloria Sarmiento Valenzuela, Patricia Álvarez-Loayza, Joshua Homan, Tyana Wachter, Álvaro del Campo, Douglas F. Stotz y/and Sebastian Heilpern Octubre/October 2014 Instituciones participantes/Participating Institutions The Field Museum Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Nature and Culture Herbario Amazonense de la International (NCI) Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (AMAZ) Federación de Comunidades Museo de Historia Natural de la Nativas Chayahuita Universidad Nacional Mayor de (FECONACHA) San Marcos Organización Shawi del Centro de Ornitología y Yanayacu y Alto Paranapura Biodiversidad (CORBIDI) (OSHAYAAP) Municipalidad Distrital de Balsapuerto LOS INFORMES DE INVENTARIOS RÁPIDOS SON PUBLICADOS POR/ Esta publicación ha sido financiada en parte por The Gordon and Betty RAPID INVENTORIES REPORTS ARE PUBLISHED BY: Moore Foundation, The Hamill Family Foundation y The Field Museum./ This publication has been funded in part by The Gordon and Betty Moore THE FIELD MUSEUM Foundation, The Hamill Family Foundation, and The Field Museum. Science and Education Cita sugerida/Suggested Citation 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Pitman, N., C. Vriesendorp, D. Alvira, J.A. Markel, M. Johnston, T 312.665.7430, F 312.665.7433 E. Ruelas Inzunza, A. Lancha Pizango, G. Sarmiento Valenzuela, www.fieldmuseum.org P. Álvarez-Loayza, J. Homan, T. Wachter, Á. del Campo, D.F. Stotz y/and S. Heilpern, eds. 2014. Peru: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto. Editores/Editors Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 26. The Field Nigel Pitman, Corine Vriesendorp, Diana Alvira, Jonathan A. Museum, Chicago. Markel, Mark Johnston, Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza, Agustín Lancha Fotos e ilustraciones/Photos and illustrations Pizango, Gloria Sarmiento Valenzuela, Patricia Álvarez-Loayza, Joshua Homan, Tyana Wachter, Álvaro del Campo, Douglas F. Stotz Carátula/Cover: Foto de Álvaro del Campo./ y/and Sebastian Heilpern Photo by Álvaro del Campo Diseño/Design Carátula interior/Inner cover: Foto de Álvaro del Campo./ Photo by Álvaro del Campo Costello Communications, Chicago Láminas a color/Color plates: Figs. 9A, 10D, 12D, D. Alvira; Mapas y gráficas/Maps and graphics Fig. 8P, P. Boissel; Fig. 8Q, A. Delberghe; Figs. 1, 3A–C, 3E–F, Jon Markel, Mark Johnston y/and Rolando Gallardo 4A–B, 6A–B, 7A, 7M, 9C–D, 10B, 11A–B, 12B, 12H, 13B, Traducciones/Translations Á. del Campo; Figs. 7D–E, 7G, 7L, 7Q, G. Gagliardi-Urrutia; Fig. 8T, M. Giraud-Audine; Figs . 6D–J, M. H idalgo; Figs . 10C, 12A, J. Inga; Patricia Álvarez-Loayza (English-castellano), Álvaro del Campo Fig. 8R, R. Knight; Fig. 9B, C. López Wong; Figs. 5A, 5D, 5F, 5H, 5J–K, (English-castellano), Emily Goldman (castellano-English), D. Neill; Figs. 10A, 11D–E, M. Pariona; Figs. 5B, 5G, M. Ríos Paredes; Nigel Pitman (castellano-English), Ernesto Ruelas (English- Figs. 12F–G, 12J, S. Rivas; Figs. 12C, 12E, P. Ruiz Ojanama; castellano y/and castellano-English), Tyana Wachter (English- Figs. 8C, 8O, 8S, 9E, P. Saboya; Fig. 11C, B. Tapayuri; Figs. 8A–B, castellano), Agustín Lancha Pizango (castellano-Shawi) y/and 8D–M, J. Tobias; Figs. 5L–M, L. Torres; Fig. 8N, F. Uribe; Figs. 7B–C, Julio Lancha Chanchari (castellano-Shawi) 7F, 7H–K, 7N–P, 7R–T, P. Venegas; Figs. 3D, 5C, 5E, C. Vriesendorp. The Field Museum es una institución sin fines de lucro exenta de impuestos federales bajo la sección 501(c)(3) del Código Fiscal Interno./ Impreso sobre papel reciclado. Printed on recycled paper. The Field Museum is a non-profit organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. ISBN NUMBER 978-0-9828419-4-5 © 2014 por The Field Museum. Todos los derechos reservados./ © 2014 by The Field Museum. All rights reserved. Cualquiera de las opiniones expresadas en los informes de los Inventarios Rápidos son expresamente las de los autores y no reflejan necesariamente las del Field Museum./Any opinions expressed in the Rapid Inventories reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of The Field Museum. Informe técnico PANORAMA REGIONAL Autores: Corine Vriesendorp, Nigel Pitman y Joshua Homan INTRODUCCIÓN Al este de los Andes, una cadena de crestas aisladas —técnicamente conocidas como cordilleras subandinas— se extiende desde Colombia, pasando por Ecuador hacia el Perú (Fig. 4A). Debido a la afinidad de estas crestas aisladas con las mesetas de areniscas en el Escudo Guayanés, conocidas como tepuyes, en vez de llamarlas cordilleras subandinas nos referiremos a ellas en este volumen como tepuyes andinos (ver el capítulo Flora y vegetación en este volumen para detalles adicionales). En este capítulo hacemos una breve revisión de los tepuyes andinos dentro de la Región Loreto en el Perú, y de ahí nos enfocamos en una de estas cordilleras: la Cordillera Escalera-Loreto. Delineamos con brocha gruesa la topografía, límites políticos, clima, geología, contexto social y derechos territoriales dentro de la Cordillera Escalera en Loreto. Terminamos con una mirada a los aspectos de conservación de los tepuyes andinos desde Colombia al Perú, y enfatizamos dos grandes oportunidades de conservación: la Cordillera Escalera-Loreto y la Cordillera Manseriche-Cahuapanas. TEPUYES ANDINOS EN LORETO Loreto, la región más grande del noreste peruano y famosa por su selva baja amazónica, también cuenta con cinco áreas montañosas (Fig. 14). Todas ellas soportan suelos areniscos y deberían ser consideradas tepuyes andinos. Cuatro de ellas están a lo largo del límite oeste de Loreto: los Cerros de Kampankis, la Cordillera Manseriche-Cahuapanas, la Cordillera Escalera y la Cordillera Azul. Junto con la Sierra del Divisor, un pequeño levantamiento dentro del llano amazónico, cerca con el límite con Brasil, estas cinco cordilleras en Loreto representan una confluencia de alta riqueza y rareza específica, creando así: 1. Un importante punto de intercambio entre especies típicas de la cuenca amazónica y la flora y fauna altamente especializada de los Andes; PERÚ: CORDILLERA ESCALERA-LORETO OCTUBRE/OCTOBER 2014 71 Figura 14. Las cinco cordilleras principales en la Región Loreto, Perú, con notas sobre su estado de conservación y referencias relevantes. Los círculos representan los campamentos de los inventarios de The Field Museum y los porcentajes refl ejan cuánto contribuye cada cordillera al área por encima de los 350 m de altura en Loreto. Elevación Cerros de Kampankis 1,850–2,350 m Área: 70,155 ha 1,350–1,850 m 5% Elev. máxima: 1,435 m 850–1,350 m Estatus: Zona Reservada desde 1999; sin consenso para la categorización 350 – 850 m Refs.: Rogalski (2005), Pitman et al. (2012) 0 37.5 75 km Cordilleras Manseriche-Cahuapanas Área: 506,017 ha Elev. máxima: 2,206 m Estatus: mayormente dentro de comunidades nativas tituladas 33% Refs.: ninguna L ORETO Sierra del Divisor Área: 31,571 ha 10% Elev. máxima: 781 m Cordillera Escalera-Loreto Estatus: Zona Reservada desde 2006; Área: 150,056 ha en proceso de categorización Elev. máxima: 2,306 m Refs.: FPCN y CDC (2005), Estatus: la mayoría sin figura legal; Vriesendorp et al. (2006a) una parte dentro de comunidades nativas tituladas Refs.: Gagliardi-Urrutia en prensa; este informe 9% 44% Cordillera Azul Área: 664,668 ha Elev. máxima: 2,333 m Estatus: Parque Nacional Ref.: Alverson
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