King Uther Period Expansion: 480–484
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An Ethnically Cleansed Faery? Tolkien and the Matter of Britain
An Ethnically Cleased Faery? An Ethnically Cleansed Faery? Tolkien and the Matter of Britain David Doughan Aii earlier version of this article was presented at the Tolkien Society Seminar in Bournemouth, 1994. 1 was from early days grieved by the Logres” (p. 369), by which he means a poverty of my own beloved country: it had specifically Arthurian presence. It is most no stories of its own (bound up with its interesting that Lewis, following the confused or tongue and soil), not of the quality 1 sought, uninformed example of Williams, uses the name and found (as an ingredient) in legends of “Logres”, which is in fact derived from Lloegr other lands ... nothing English, save (the Welsh word for England), to identify the impoverished chap-book stuff. Of course Arthurian tradition, i.e. the Matter of Britain! No there was and is all the Arthurian world, but wonder Britain keeps on rebelling against powerful as it is, it is imperfectly Logres. And despite Tolkien's efforts, he could naturalised, associated with the soil of not stop Prydain bursting into Lloegr and Britain, but not with English; and does not transforming it. replace what I felt to be missing. (Tolkien In The Book of Lost Tales (Tolkien, 1983), 1981, Letters, p. 144) Ottor W<efre, father of Hengest and Horsa, also To a large extent, Tolkien is right. The known as Eriol, comes from Heligoland to the mediaeval jongleurs, minstrels, troubadours, island called in Qenya in Tol Eressea (the lonely trouvères and conteurs could use, for their isle), or in Gnomish Dor Faidwcn (the land of stories, their gests and their lays, the Matter of release, or the fairy land), or in Old English se Rome (which had nothing to do with Rome, and uncujm holm (the unknown island). -
By Greg Stafford
Book of Armies By Greg Stafford Layout: David Zeeman Assistance from: Chris John Payne, Sven Lugar, Jeff Richard, Philippe Auirbeau, Gianfranco Geroldi, Daren Hill Special thanks to the emergency eschille: Chip Hausman, Robert Saint John, Martin Miller, Taheka Harrison, Newton Phyllis, Bob Schroeder, Ben Quamt All photos, pictures and illustrations are original or from royalty-free sources, such as ClipArt.com (www.clipart.com), Liam’s Pictures from Old Books (www.fromoldbooks.org/), and the Historic Tale Construction Kit (www.adgame-wonderland.de/type/bayeux.php) by Björn Karnebogen This book is a fan production of Greg Stafford Publications, under license from Nocturnal Media, LLC. © 2009 by Greg Stafford. All rights reserved. Reproduction without written permission of the author is expressly forbidden, except for the purpose of reviews, and for any record sheets, which may be reproduced for personal use only. 1 Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................5-8 Tribal Picts .........................................................................49-50 A Pict Army .......................................................................49 Interpreting the Army Tables ..................................................6-7 Leaders & Alternatives ......................................................50 Passions for Opponents ..............................................................7 Lowland Troops ................................................................ 50 Cultural Specialties -
Introduction: the Legend of King Arthur
Department of History University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire “HIC FACET ARTHURUS, REX QUONDAM, REXQUE FUTURUS” THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL MEDIEVAL SOURCES IN THE SEARCH FOR THE HISTORICAL KING ARTHUR Final Paper History 489: Research Seminar Professor Thomas Miller Cooperating Professor: Professor Matthew Waters By Erin Pevan November 21, 2006 1 Copyright for this work is owned by the author. This digital version is published by McIntyre Library, University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire with the consent of the author. 2 Department of History University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Abstract of: “HIC FACET ARTHURUS, REX QUONDAM, REXQUE FUTURUS” THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL MEDIEVAL SOURCES IN THE SEARCH FOR THE HISTORICAL KING ARTHUR Final Paper History 489: Research Seminar Professor Thomas Miller Cooperating Professor: Matthew Waters By Erin Pevan November 21, 2006 The stories of Arthurian literary tradition have provided our modern age with gripping tales of chivalry, adventure, and betrayal. King Arthur remains a hero of legend in the annals of the British Isles. However, one question remains: did King Arthur actually exist? Early medieval historical sources provide clues that have identified various figures that may have been the template for King Arthur. Such candidates such as the second century Roman general Lucius Artorius Castus, the fifth century Breton leader Riothamus, and the sixth century British leader Ambrosius Aurelianus hold high esteem as possible candidates for the historical King Arthur. Through the analysis of original sources and authors such as the Easter Annals, Nennius, Bede, Gildas, and the Annales Cambriae, parallels can be established which connect these historical figures to aspects of the Arthur of literary tradition. -
A Welsh Classical Dictionary
A WELSH CLASSICAL DICTIONARY DACHUN, saint of Bodmin. See s.n. Credan. He has been wrongly identified with an Irish saint Dagan in LBS II.281, 285. G.H.Doble seems to have been misled in the same way (The Saints of Cornwall, IV. 156). DAGAN or DANOG, abbot of Llancarfan. He appears as Danoc in one of the ‘Llancarfan Charters’ appended to the Life of St.Cadog (§62 in VSB p.130). Here he is a clerical witness with Sulien (presumably abbot) and king Morgan [ab Athrwys]. He appears as abbot of Llancarfan in five charters in the Book of Llandaf, where he is called Danoc abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 179c), and Dagan(us) abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 158, 175, 186b, 195). In these five charters he is contemporary with bishop Berthwyn and Ithel ap Morgan, king of Glywysing. He succeeded Sulien as abbot and was succeeded by Paul. See Trans.Cym., 1948 pp.291-2, (but ignore the dates), and compare Wendy Davies, LlCh p.55 where Danog and Dagan are distinguished. Wendy Davies dates the BLD charters c.A.D.722 to 740 (ibid., pp.102 - 114). DALLDAF ail CUNIN COF. (Legendary). He is included in the tale of ‘Culhwch and Olwen’ as one of the warriors of Arthur's Court: Dalldaf eil Kimin Cof (WM 460, RM 106). In a triad (TYP no.73) he is called Dalldaf eil Cunyn Cof, one of the ‘Three Peers’ of Arthur's Court. In another triad (TYP no.41) we are told that Fferlas (Grey Fetlock), the horse of Dalldaf eil Cunin Cof, was one of the ‘Three Lovers' Horses’ (or perhaps ‘Beloved Horses’). -
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More Epic than Romance: the Entrée d'Espagne Leslie C. Brook The University of Birmingham The Entrée d'Espagne is a poem of some 15,800 lines, composed by an anonymous Paduan author in the first half of the fourteenth century, in the language known loosely and traditionally as Franco-Italian. There is now only one complete manuscript of the text, Venice Marciana XXI (=257). The author was probably a clerk, since he displays considerable familiarity with theology and the classics, as well as with French chansons de geste and romance. Some critics have found in his poem a reflection, too, of the contemporary social and political concerns of northern Italy.1 Despite this implied complexity, the poem is undeniably a chanson de geste (epic) basically, although as the Middle Ages progressed, strict genre definition tends to become blurred. The concept of boundaries has in any case exercised critics in the modern era rather than the original writers themselves, and to discover a mix of what we think of as being basically epic or romance material in a late chanson de geste is not unusual. Commenting on the Bâtard de Bouillon, for instance, Robert F. Cook has recently said: "Like all late epics ... it shares some attributes with romance" (89). The question of the overall nature of the Entrée d'Espagne arises principally because at a certain point the hero is obliged in dramatic circumstances to leave the rather hermetic world of the chanson de geste, and undertake alone a journey to the near East, thereby taking on some of the characteristics of the romance chevalier errant. -
Establishment of the Round Table King Arthur
Establishment Of The Round Table King Arthur Aron usually titrating overpoweringly or stars trickishly when laigh Janus reapplies oftentimes and aurorally. Fundamentalism Wye intravasationsometimes caning throbbing his filibusters coordinately sanguinely or notch and andante, cohering is Augustin so fraudulently! self-trained? Triboluminescent and quietism Rene evangelise her Chretien de troyes form below, loyalty by noble king arthur my last king arthur was midnight a degree of He may have existed. Yvain defeated the seneschal and his brother through trial by combat. Since Chretien had died before ever completing this work, some contemporary and later authors tried to complete his tale or rewrite their own versions of Perceval. Sir Galahad drew near, all armed save his helmet, and stood by the tomb. Analysis, related quotes, timeline. Sir Meliagraunce has borne himself both shamefully and cowardly towards me. The story begins with the miraculous time travel of a regular American back to the time of King Arthur. There was one seat though, at which none could sit. SEC would continue to discourage such awards on the rationale that it would not want to encourage employees whose job it was to prevent corporate legal and ethical violations to profit from simply doing their jobs. Morte and shows Malory at the height of his powers. Had Gawain stayed in Rome, the story implied that Gawain would have succeeded his foster father, and become emperor. Elaine will die for your sake. Arthur took Merlin as his adviser, aide, and soothsayer, and the wizard foretold much that would happen to Arthur. Among the knights who answer his call is Lancelot of the Lake, a French knight who is unrivaled in combat. -
Power, Courtly Love, and a Lack of Heirs : Guinevere and Medieval Queens Jessica Grady [email protected]
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 1-1-2009 Power, Courtly Love, and a Lack of Heirs : Guinevere and Medieval Queens Jessica Grady [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Other Classics Commons Recommended Citation Grady, Jessica, "Power, Courtly Love, and a Lack of Heirs : Guinevere and Medieval Queens" (2009). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. Paper 69. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Power, Courtly Love, and a Lack of Heirs: Guinevere and Medieval Queens Thesis submitted to the Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History by Jessica Grady Dr. Laura Michele Diener, Ph.D., Committee Chairperson Dr. David Winter, Ph.D. Dr. William Palmer, Ph.D. Marshall University December 2009 ABSTRACT Power, Courtly Love, and a Lack of Heirs: Guinevere and Medieval Queens by Jessica Grady Authors have given Queen Guinevere of the Arthurian stories a wide variety of personalities; she has been varyingly portrayed as seductive, faithful, “fallen,” powerful, powerless, weak-willed, strong-willed, even as an inheritor of a matriarchal tradition. These personalities span eight centuries and are the products of their respective times and authors much more so than of any historical Guinevere. Despite this, however, threads of similarity run throughout many of the portrayals: she had power in some areas and none in others; she was involved in a courtly romance; and she did not produce an heir to the throne. -
A History of English Literature MICHAEL ALEXANDER
A History of English Literature MICHAEL ALEXANDER [p. iv] © Michael Alexander 2000 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W 1 P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2000 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 0-333-91397-3 hardcover ISBN 0-333-67226-7 paperback A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 O1 00 Typeset by Footnote Graphics, Warminster, Wilts Printed in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wilts [p. v] Contents Acknowledgements The harvest of literacy Preface Further reading Abbreviations 2 Middle English Literature: 1066-1500 Introduction The new writing Literary history Handwriting -
Cornwall in the Early Arthurian Tradition It Is Believed That an Actual “King Arthur” Lived in 6Th Century AD in the Southwe
Cornwall in the Early Arthurian Tradition Heather Dale April 2008 It is believed that an actual “King Arthur” lived in 6th Century AD in the southwestern area of Britain. A brief history lesson is needed to provide the backdrop to this historical Arthur. In 43 AD, the Romans occupied Britain, subduing the northern Pictish & Scottish tribes, and incorporating the pre-literate but somewhat more civilized Celtic peoples into the Roman Empire. The Romans intermarried with the Celts, who emulated their customs and superior technology; these Romanized Celts became known as Britons. When the Romans abandoned Britain in 410 AD, the Britons found themselves attacked on all sides: the northern tribes pushed south, the Irish raided from the west, and fierce Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Franks, Frisians) and Norsemen slowly pushed the Celts into southwestern Wales and Cornwall. Some even fled across to the Continent, establishing Brittany in western France and becoming known as Bretons. It is in this turbulent post-Roman time that a brave man, perhaps a sort of tribal chieftain, led a small force of Britons into battle with the Germanic tribes. And due to tactical skill, superior fighting prowess and/or incredible luck (we will never know) this Artorius or Arthur held back the Germanic hordes from his corner of Britain for 30 years, a full generation. This incredible feat is first mentioned in a 6th century quasi-historical Latin chronicle by the monk Gildas. Later chroniclers added detail of dubious historical accuracy but great heroism to the tale of Arthur. The Venerable Bede wrote in 731 AD about the first great victory over the Saxons at Mount Badon (surmised by some to be Liddington Castle near Swindon), and the Welsh chronicler Nennius bases his 9th century story on material from the rich Welsh storytelling tradition. -
John Cowper Powys's Porius: a Reader's Companion
John Cowper Powys: Porius A Reader’s Companion Updated and Expanded Edition W. J. Keith April 2009 “Reader’s Companions” by Prof. W.J. Keith to other Powys works are available at: https://www.powys-society.org/Articles.html Preface The aim of this “Companion” is to provide background information that will enrich a reading of Powys’s novel/romance. It glosses Welsh, classical, biblical, and other allusions, identifies quotations, explains geographical and historical references, and offers any commentary that may throw light on the more complex aspects of the text. (When a quotation is involved, the passage is listed under the first word even if it is “a” or “the.”) It was first made available on the Internet and in booklet form in 2004, and has subsequently been updated and revised from time to time. The present version has been thoroughly reset and expanded. Numerous errors discovered in the intervening years have been corrected. All page-references are to Judith Bond and Morine Krissdóttir’s edition published by Overlook Duckworth in 2007, with those to Wilbur T. Albrecht’s 1994 edition from Colgate University Press following in square brackets. Since the latter contained many errors and inconsistencies, the words listed often appear there in somewhat different form. Moreover, because the editions are based on different copy-texts, some references appear only in one of the editions; when those occurring in only one version require separate annotation, they have been identified and glossed. References to other JCP books published during his lifetime will be either to the first editions or to reprints that reproduce the original pagination, with the following exceptions: Wolf Solent (London: Macdonald, 1961), Weymouth Sands (London: Macdonald, 1963), Maiden Castle (ed. -
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} the Story of Queen Guinevere and Sir Lancelot
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} The Story Of Queen Guinevere And Sir Lancelot Of The Lake With Other Poems by Wilhelm Hertz The Story Of Queen Guinevere And Sir Lancelot Of The Lake: With Other Poems by Wilhelm Hertz. Access to raw data. The story of Queen Guinevere and Sir Lancelot of the lake. After the German of Wilhelm Hertz. With other poems. Abstract. Mode of access: Internet. To submit an update or takedown request for this paper, please submit an Update/Correction/Removal Request. Suggested articles. Useful links. Blog Services About CORE Contact us. Writing about CORE? Discover our research outputs and cite our work. CORE is a not-for-profit service delivered by the Open University and Jisc. Arthur, King. King Arthur was a legendary ruler of Britain whose life and deeds became the basis for a collection of tales known as the Arthurian legends. As the leading figure in British mythology, King Arthur is a national hero and a symbol of Britain's heroic heritage. But his appeal is not limited to Britain. The Arthurian story—with its elements of mystery, magic, love, war, adventure, betrayal, and fate—has touched the popular imagination and has become part of the world's shared mythology. The Celts blended stories of the warrior Arthur with those of much older mythological characters, such as Gwydion (pronounced GWID-yon), a Welsh priest-king. Old Welsh tales and poems place Arthur in traditional Celtic legends, including a hunt for an enchanted wild pig and a search for a magic cauldron, or kettle. In addition, Arthur is surrounded by a band of loyal followers who greatly resemble the disciples of Finn , the legendary Irish hero. -
King Arthur Was an Elf! an Imaginary, Composite, Inklings Arthuriad
Mythmoot II: Back Again Proceedings of the 2nd Mythgard Institute Mythmoot Conference Center at the Maritime Institute, Linthicum, Maryland December 13-15, 2013 King Arthur Was an Elf! An Imaginary, Composite, Inklings Arthuriad Sørina Higgins The recent publication of The Fall of Arthur, an unfinished poem by J.R.R. Tolkien, revealed a startling, previously-unknown aspect of Tolkien’s legendarium. The key is found in notes Tolkien left about how he intended the fragmentary Fall of Arthur to continue. Christopher Tolkien includes the following details in his editorial matter about how the story could have connected up to the larger Legendarium. First, Gawain's ship was perhaps going to be named Wingelot (The Fall of Arthur 129, 158); Wingelot or Vingilot is the name of Earendel's ship in The Silmarillion (304). Second, in the final confrontation, Mordred would fatally wound Arthur, Arthur would kill Mordred, and Arthur would be carried away to the West for healing. Lancelot, arriving too late, would set sail into the West, searching for his king, never to return. Tolkien left notes saying: “Lancelot gets a boat and sails west and never returns. Eärendel passage” (Fall of Arthur 136) and “Lancelot parts from Guinevere and sets sail for Benwick but turns west and follows after Arthur. And never returns from the sea. Whether he found him in Avalon and will return no one knows” (Fall of Arthur 137). In other words, Lancelot functions somewhat like Higgins—“King Arthur Was an Elf!” Eärendel—the half-elven mariner who used the silmaril to sail into the Uttermost West and reach the Undying Lands.