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Bittersweet Memories At the end of my life, I appeal to the young to carefully scrutinize political causes and their “great”philosophers. Question and verify! ᪒ bittersweet memories ᪒ by beno levi table of contents part i I. INTRODUCTION .............0 II. FALTICENI: I’M AN ORPHAN ....00 III BUCHAREST: I AM AN ORPHAN . 00 IV. BUCHAREST: I HAVE GROWN UP . 00 V. THE ARREST ..............00 VI. LIFE AT JILAVA . .........00 Copyright and printing information here. VII. THE EXECUTIONS . 00 To come. VIII. COLONEL OPRIS .........00 IX. THE REBELLION ...........00 X. THE TRIAL ...............00 XI. VACARESTI PRISON .........00 XII. SAMI SHARAGA’S STORY .....00 XIII. FREEDOM ..............00 part ii XIV ARLUS ................00 XV POLITICS OF A NEW WORLD ...00 XVI. A JEW WITH RELATIVES ABROAD; BURN HIM! ...............00 XVII. THE PROLETARIAN MINDSET . 00 XVIII. THE BRAINWASHED GENERATION . 000 XIX. ARLUS AS THE THERMOMETER OF ROMANIAN SOVIET RELATIONS . 000 XX. ISRAEL: FREE AT LAST ......000 EPILOGUE ................000 part i ᪒ i. introduction dear reader, I wish you the best, and God bless. Thank you for being patient enough to read my Bittersweet Memories. I was born in Falticeni, a provincial town in northern Romania. A well- known Romanian writer, Sadoveanu used to say that Falticeni is the place where “nothing ever happens.” The majority of the population was Jewish, and many Romanians, in the course of doing business there, learned to speak Yiddish. Between 1930 and 1937, the period when my story begins, the most rivet- ing event that occurred in Falticeni was the death of a circus elephant. So 9 Bittersweet Memories INTRODUCTION as you can see, Falticeni was a “very I wouldn’t go either, and Leibutz did- important place.” It was here that I n’t like to go to school, to put it mildly. graduated elementary school and Just outside town there was a large gymnasium (Romania’s equivalent to field where the shepherds used to high school). To tell you the truth, I bring their sheep to graze. We would wasn’t such a brilliant student. That’s often go there and play with the why nobody built me a statue. Sufficed lambs. That is, until the day my father to say, I was a little boy in a very small happened upon us. He seized us both town, a klein steitl yingola. by the collar and carried us back to school. En route, my father gave me a beating that I will never forget. He later spoke with Nisan about the incident, telling him that a child’s future hinged upon his education. Nisan took what my father had told him to heart. He forbade Leibutz from going to the field, and escorted him every day to class. And so I finish this chapter from my childhood. Falticeni had two Zionist organiza- tions for young people. One was Let’s start from the time I was Hashomer Hatzair (the Young Guard) about seven. Back then I had a friend and the other Bethar; the latter of named Leibutz, the son of Nisan the which I was a member of. I had some butcher. If Leibutz didn’t go to school, “special reasons” to be in this organi- zation: we practiced military exercises, 10 11 Bittersweet Memories INTRODUCTION and, more importantly, the girls were region). Ioina discussed the parents’ very pretty. Every few days we concern with the police chief, whom marched down Falticeni’s main street he addressed as the commissar. He chanting “Down with the red rag” (the responded: “Mr. Ioina, I’m more famil- color of Hashomer Hatzair’s flag). iar with this problem than you are. We Hashomer Hatzair would retaliate by have God to thank that in our city, shouting “Down with the Fascists,” a everything boils down to the kids reference to our military exercises. beating up kids. In other cities, young This reasonably good-natured people are killing each other. I’m too rivalry went on for years until about small for such a big war.” 1934, when many Fascist parties, In the synagogue the rabbi merely inspired by Hitler’s rise to power, said: “In these times there are demon- started to appear. It was around this ic forces acting against Jews. We have time that incidences of Romanian to pray God to give us the power to youths beating up Jewish children resist. It could be worse.” We, the began to happen with ever increasing young people, didn’t agree with this frequency. Within a relatively short futile “solution.” span, these anti-Semitic attacks When summer vacation came, all became an every day occurrence. the Jewish kids got together and Our parents decided to discuss this formed a special organization named problem with the town pub’s owner, “The Black Team.” We knew that the Mr. Ioina Faerstein. Among his cus- only viable answer to our problems tomers were several important people, was to learn how to fight. We read a lot including the police chief, who of novels that summer. “The indulged in a free daily shot of tzuica (a Catacombs of Paris” was far and away type of plumb brandy unique to the our favorite. From it we learned how to 12 13 Bittersweet Memories INTRODUCTION deliver dangerous blows to an oppo- glasses of wine. When our guest want- nent. When school started up again in ed to drink more than four glasses, my the fall, the Romanian boys tried to father told him to be patient until we attack us as before. We answered with: finished the ceremony, and then he “The Black Team is coming!”and beat could drink as much as he wanted. Mr. our would-be assailants to a pulp. Our Popovici respected our ritual, and only parents were pleased to find out we afterwards, when the time came, he could protect ourselves, but also drank hard. There were many other advised us to be quiet about the whole people who thought that politics was- thing, and to only act in defense. The n’t their “first priority.” They had to parents of our enemies noticed the take care of more important matters, change in us as well, and told their like their businesses. children not to fight with Jews any- Let’s talk now about the traditions more. After all, since the majority of of this small patriarchal community. If the town was Jewish, they needed to you wanted to know what time it was, be on good terms with our parents in you didn’t have to wait for the cathe- order to conduct business with them. dral’s clock to mark the hour. It was For instance, Mr. Popovici, our easier to ask Iona if the commissar was landlord, headed a pro-fascist organi- drinking his tzuica. If the barman said zation called the Cuzist Party. Every yes that meant it was eight o’clock in year at Passover he would give me a the morning. If the colonel was pass- new pair of hand-made shoes (he was ing the main street on his way to the a shoemaker). My father would invite regiment on horse back you knew it him over to celebrate the holiday with was nine. In fact, he was only a major, us. He told Mr. Popovici that we but the inhabitants of Falticeni, being observed Passover by drinking four very proud people, called him colonel. 14 15 Bittersweet Memories INTRODUCTION They used to say our town is big was good friends with Mrs. Faerstain, enough to warrant at least having a the pub owner’s wife. My mom’s name colonel in it. And thus the hours were was Bassea but Mrs. Faerstain called marked by the passers-by as they her Betty. Every day at four, the ladies made their way to and from their jobs met either at our house or Mrs. or the pub. Faerstain’s to drink their daily coffee. We also had traditions at home. My My mother used to say to her friend: brother Milutz, my sister Miriam “Wait till I grind the beans, and I’ll (Mitza), my parents, and I all lived make you a very fresh cup.” During together in the same house. Three this time they would gossip about the other sisters, Rutza, Tina, Sofica, were town people. living in Bucharest, along with my Mrs. Faerstain would say:”The den- brother, Abraham. Abraham was a tist’s wife left for Pascani (a small town student at an industrial school, which I 15 miles away) to see her parents.”My too would attend a few years later mom then would answer: “Now the after my parents passed away. dentist will have more time for his I was the youngest in our family mistress, Mrs. Herscovici.” and spent my days cleaning and keep- Other “problems” they would dis- ing house with my mother. I was about cuss were how different neighbors 10 at the time, and my main duty was handled their business. My mother to place my father’s cup of wine on the would say: “You know that Yoor the dinner table at five o’clock sharp. “Christian”had a lot of customers this Since four in the afternoon I would week. I asked him to sew a pair of start to inquire about the time to pants for my son, and he refused on ensure I would be punctual. account of all the coat orders he got My mother had her habits too. She from Risca, Radaseni, Malini, and 16 17 Bittersweet Memories INTRODUCTION other villages.” Because he worked for brothers, Milutz and Abraham, to peasants, he was nicknamed Yoor the calm me down before I agreed to come Christian.
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