WH07MOD_te_ch05_Rev_s.fm Page 204 Monday, March 5, 2007 2:44W PMH07MOD_se_CH05_rev_s.fm Page 204 Friday, January 26, 2007 4:03 PM

Quick Study Guide

CHAPTER Progress Monitoring Online 5 5 For: Self-test with vocabulary practice Quick Study Guide Web Code: nba-1741

I Have students use the Quick Study I Enlightenment Thinkers I American Declaration of Guide to prepare for this chapter’s tests. • Thomas Hobbes: social contract in which people give Independence: Main Ideas Students may wish to refer to the fol- power to the government for an organized society lowing pages as they review: • : natural rights—life, liberty, and property Declaration of Independence: Main Ideas • Baron de : separation of powers; checks • All men are created equal and have natural rights to life, Enlightenment Thinkers and balances liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. • : battled corruption, injustice, and inequality; • It is the government’s obligation to protect these rights. Section 1, pp. 183–186 defended freedom of speech • If a government fails to protect these rights, the people can • : Encyclopedia revolt and set up a new government. Enlightenment Ideas Influence • Jean-Jacques Rousseau: social contract in which Section 1, pp. 183–185; Section 3, people follow the “general will” for true liberty pp. 200–201 • : ; laissez faire I The U.S. Bill of Rights I American Declaration of Independence: Enlightenment Ideas Influence The U.S. Bill of Rights Main Ideas Democracy 1st: Guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, Section 3, p. 198 Government’s and petition Separation power comes of powers from the people. 2nd: Right to bear arms The U.S. Bill of Rights 3rd: Prohibits quartering of troops in private homes Section 3, p. 201 People have Checks and Enlightenment natural rights to 4th: Protects from unreasonable searches and seizures balances life, liberty, Ideas and property. 5th: No punishment without due process of law Key Events from 1700–1789 6th: Right to a speedy and public trial in the state where the Section 1 pp. 184–186; Section 2, offense was committed pp. 188–192; Section 3, pp. 197–198, 200 Checks and U.S. Guaranteed 7th: Right to jury trial for civil cases if over $20 Balances Constitution individual rights 8th: Prohibits excessive bail and cruel and L3 unusual punishments I For additional review, remind Separation of Government’s 9th: Civil rights are not restricted to those specified by students to refer to the three branches authority comes from these amendments. of government the people. Reading and Note Taking 10th: Powers not granted to the national government belong to the states and to the people. Study Guide Note Taking Study Guide, pp. 74, 76, 78 I Key Events Section Summaries, pp. 75, 77, 79 From 1700–1789

I Have students access Web Code nbp- 1700s 1721 1740 1701 for this chapter’s France sees Johann Sebastian Frederick II flowering of Bach publishes begins his reign timeline, which includes expanded Enlightenment his in . entries and additional events. thought. . Chapter Events I If students need more instruction on Global Events 1720 1730 1740 analyzing timelines, have them read 1735 the Skills Handbook, p. SH32. China’s Emperor Qianlong begins his long reign. I When students have completed their study of the chapter, distribute Chapter Tests A and B. Teaching Resources, Unit 2,

pp. 15–20 Solutions for All Learners

L1 Special Needs L2 Less Proficient Readers L2 English Language Learners

For students acquiring basic skills: For Spanish-speaking students: Adapted Reading and Note Taking Spanish Reading and Note Taking Study Guide Study Guide For Progress Monitoring Online, Adapted Note Taking Study Guides, pp. 74, 76, 78 Spanish Note Taking Study Guides, pp. 74, 76, 78 refer students to the Self-test with Adapted Section Summaries, pp. 75, 77, 79 Spanish Section Summaries, pp. 75, 77, 79 vocabulary practice at Web Code nba-1741.

204

wh07MOD_te_ch05_events_s.fm Page 202 Monday, May 7, 2007 4:53 PMWH07MOD_se_CH05_events_s.fm Page 202 Monday, March 5, 2007 1:35 PM

Events That Changed the World SprSpreadingeading thethe SPREADING THE WORD OF REVOLUTION While Enlightenment thinkers from 29 to 48 from 1770 to 1775. the Stamp Act and showed their WWorordd ofof RevolutionRevolution had a profound impact on the lead- During this time, the American resentment in their pages with car- ers of the , newspaper changed from a weak toons, editorial content, and typo- Objectives newspapers made a great impact form of communication to a propa- graphical devices. The Maryland on the colonists. Colonists ganda machine that included contro- Gazette, for example, set a skull I Explain the ways newspapers depended on newspapers for infor- versial political cartoons and essays. and crossbones on its front page spread the ideas behind the American mation about the war and the econ- Trouble for newspapers came in where the tax stamp belonged (fac- Revolution. omy. News about the war was the 1765 when the British government ing page). Others ceased publica- I Analyze items that appeared in colo- first great news event to report in passed the Stamp Act. Newspapers tion. The strength of the press was nial newspapers. America. Would the colonists be were forced to pay the tax imposed evident when the British govern- free? Or would English control con- by the Stamp Act or face heavy pen- ment was forced to repeal the I Understand the impact of the Ameri- tinue? As demand increased, news- alties. Colonists already felt they Stamp Act. Newspapers had voiced can Revolution on other parts of the papers began publishing several had no representation so they protest effectively and would con- world. times a week instead of weekly. The became even more discontented. tinue to be a powerful medium of number of newspapers increased Many newspapers strongly opposed communication for years to come.

Build Background Knowledge L3 Ask students to brainstorm ways that ᭣ Engraving by Paul Revere of the 1770 the American colonists shared their Boston Massacre. Revere exaggerated growing anger toward the British. (word the event to incite anger among the colonists against the British. of mouth, letters, newspapers, pamphlets) Point out that newspapers became part of this propaganda machine, printing ᭢ Engraving of the Battle of Lexington, the first battle of the American Revolution. controversial political cartoons and Demand for exciting news of the war led essays. to the creation of more newspapers. L3 Instruct I Direct students to the newspaper engraving on the bottom of this page. Ask volunteers to describe how Paul Revere exaggerated the Boston Massa- cre to incite anger. Then have them look at the Maryland Gazette and its depiction of the Stamp Act. How would the skull and bones drawing incite anger? Then have students summarize the ways that newspapers spread the ideas of resistance and revolt. Direct students to the map at the top of the right hand page. Ask What is the purpose of this map? (to show where revolutions took place around the globe) Which of the colonies revolted first? (the American colonies) Display Color Transparency 105: Revolu- tions Since 1776 and have students identify where subsequent revolutions took place. Then ask Why was the Solutions for All Learners American Revolution an important turning point in world history? (Its L1 Special Needs L2 Less Proficient Readers

success and ideals inspired revolts For visual learners and students who need help readers. (For example, in the image of the Boston around the globe.) Color Transparen- acquiring basic skills, direct attention to each of the Massacre, British soldiers are firing upon defenseless cies, 105 images from colonial newspapers. Ask a volunteer to colonists. This might provoke colonists to fight back.) describe each image and explain how it might incite

202

0204_wh09MODte_ch05Rev_s.fm Page 206 Wednesday, May 30, 2007 12:53WH09MOD_se_CH05_rev_s.fm PM Page 206 Friday, April 6, 2007 5:00 PM

Chapter Assessment Chapter Assessment

Terms, People, and Places 11. How does the Bill of Rights reflect a key Enlightenment idea? Terms, People, and Places Chapter Focus Question Complete each sentence by choosing the correct answer from the 1. federal republic 5. Yorktown, 12. How did Enlightenment thinkers inspire revolutionaries to list of terms below. You will not use all of the terms. 2. Montesquieu Virginia push for radical changes in government and society? 3. 6. John Locke, natural rights Montesquieu natural rights John Locke federal republic 4. Joseph II laissez faire Yorktown, Virginia 13. Synthesize Information Choose one philosophe from rococo Frederick the Great this chapter and describe how he or she might respond to a issue that has been in the news recently. Main Ideas Joseph II Rousseau 14. Predict Consequences Given the impact the Enlighten- 7. A government has an obligation to its ment thinkers had on the American Revolution, what can you people, and the people have the right 1. In a _____, power is divided between the federal govern- predict will happen in other areas of the world? Explain why to overthrow that government if it ment and the states. you predicted what you did. fails its obligations. 2. _____ advanced the idea of separation of powers. 15. Analyzing Visuals Identify the style of this painting and 3. The _____ style influenced by the Enlightenment was per- describe its characteristics. 8. Laissez faire is a policy that allows sonal, elegant, and charming. businesses to operate with little or no 4. The enlightened despot who ended censorship was _____. government interference. 5. The American Revolution ended when George Washington forced the surrender of the British at _____. 9. Some monarchs accepted Enlighten- 6. _____ believed in _____, which are the rights to life, liberty, ment ideas and were thus called and property. enlightened despots, or absolute rul- ers who used their power to bring Main Ideas about reform. Section 1 (pp. 182–186) 10. Britain sought to tax the colonies to 7. What idea did John Locke advocate for the role of a pay for their defense, while colonists government? thought Britain had no right to tax 8. Explain the economic policy of laissez faire. them without representation. Section 2 (pp. 188–193) 9. How did the Enlightenment affect some rulers in Europe, and 16. Make Comparisons Compare Britain and its North 11. The Bill of Rights recognized the nat- what are these rulers known as? American colonies in the mid-1700s. ural rights stated by Locke and the Section 3 (pp. 195–201) 17. Analyze Information What ideas about government do duty the government had to protect 10. How did taxation create tensions between the American col- you think English settlers brought with them to the them. onies and the British government? Americas?

Chapter Focus Question 12. By introducing new ideas on liberty and government, Enlightenment G Writing About History thinkers inspired revolutionaries to question what existed and strive for a Writing for Assessment Select either a philosopher Drafting from the Enlightenment or an important figure from the • Develop a thesis statement that identifies the focus better, more just, society and system American Revolution. Explain how his or her actions, of your essay. of government. beliefs, and/or works contributed to improving society. • Make an outline for your essay and fill in facts and Provide specific examples. examples. Critical Thinking Prewriting • Write an introduction to explain your thesis, a body 13. Responses should reflect philosophes’ • Consider what you know about the people in this to provide evidence for your thesis, and a conclusion. beliefs in the right of all people to life, chapter and choose one who interests you. Revising • Develop a focus or main idea. Write a single sentence • Even though time is limited on essay tests, you liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. identifying the main idea you will develop. should still leave time to check your writing for accu- 14. Answers may include: Other areas in • As you prepare to write your essay, make sure you racy and clarity. the world will most likely follow suit understand the instructions. Circle verbs, nouns, or • Use the guidelines for revising your essay on page because people will desire freedom important phrases in the question. SH22 of the Writing Handbook. and equality when they see it is possi- ble to attain them. Also, lower classes and colonies of large nations are G Writing About History oppressed around the world, so they As students begin the assignment, refer them to Students’ essays should have a clear thesis with are likely to seek freedom as well. p. SH20 of the Writing Handbook for help in writing supporting details and contain an introduction, 15. rococo: elegant and delicate for assessment. Remind them of the steps they a body, and a conclusion. They should be free of 16. Answers should express the differ- should take to complete their assignment, including grammatical and spelling errors. For scoring rubrics, ences in power: the colonies were prewriting, drafting, and revising. For help in revis- see Assessment Rubrics, p. 8. weak and unorganized, while Britain ing, remind them to use the guidelines on p. SH22 of was strong and organized. the Writing Handbook. 17. ideas connected with the Enlighten- ment, Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, and the Glorious Revolution 206

0204_wh09MODse_Ch05rev_s.fm0204_wh09MODte_ch05Rev_s.fm Page 207 Thursday, Page 207 July Thursday,12, 2007 11:29 July AM 12, 2007 12:01 PM

Document-Based Assessment Document-Based Assessment Enlightenment Thought Document D I Enlightenment thinkers believed in the possibility of social, politi- To help students understand the docu- cal, and economic change. Often critical of society during this ments on this page, give them the fol- time, they were driven by the power of human and lowing TIP: Preview the documents progress. by reading the source information Document A and titles on maps, charts, and “Common sense is not so common.“ graphs. Are any of the sources or subjects familiar to you? Keep what —From Philosophical Dictionary by Voltaire you already know in mind as you Document B study each document. “A prince ought not to deem it beneath his dignity to state that he considers it his duty not to dictate anything to his subjects in I To provide students with further religious matters, but to leave them complete freedom.“ practice in answering Document- —From What Is Enlightenment? by Based Assessment Questions, go to Document C Document-Based Assessment,

“A strange consequence that necessarily follows from the use of Diderot and pp. 54–66 torture is that the innocent person is placed in a condition worse than that of the guilty, for if both are tortured, the circumstances Document E I If students need more instruction on are all against the former. Either he confesses the crime and is synthesizing information, have them condemned, or he is declared innocent and has suffered a pun- Selected Enlightenment Thinkers read the Skills Handbook, p. SH35. ishment he did not deserve.“ Thinker Lifespan Nationality Key Work —From On Crimes and Punishments by Marchese di Beccaria Jean D´Alembert 1717–1783 French Encyclopedia 1748–1832 English The Principles of Morals and Legislation 1738–1794 Italian Crimes and Punishment Denis Diderot 1713–1784 French Encyclopedia 1711–1776 Scottish Treatise of Human Nature Immanuel Kant 1724–1804 E. Prussian Critique of Pure Reason John Locke 1632–1704 English Essay Concerning Human Understanding Charles Montesquieu 1689–1755 French The Spirit of the Laws Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712–1778 French The Social Contract Adam Smith 1723–1790 English The Wealth of Nations Voltaire 1694–1778 French Philosophical Dictionary Analyzing Documents Use your knowledge of the Enlightenment and Documents A, B, C, D, and E to answer the questions below. 1. Kant believes in _____ based on Document B. 3. Catherine the Great and Diderot pictured in Document D are A freedom of religion most likely B freedom of speech A sharing war stories. C the government making a religious choice for its people B sharing Enlightenment ideas. D dignity C planning the American Revolution. D discussing population growth in France. 2. In Document C, the author condemned A . 4. Writing Task Which of the above documents do you think B religion of any kind. best exemplifies the spirit of the Enlightenment? Why? Use C torture. your knowledge of the Enlightenment and specific informa- D the Inquisition. tion from the documents to support your opinion.

Answers 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. Responses should show a clear understanding that during the Enlightenment, philosophes used reason and natural law to study and reform society. Answers should use specific evidence from the documents and the chapter to support their conclusions.

207