The Churchill Archives Centre Annual Report July 2009 – June 2010

1: Introduction It is only as I have sought to collate and to write this report that I have come to fully appreciate what an incredible year it has been for the Churchill Archives Centre. We have been highly active in almost all areas of our work: • bringing in important new political archives and attracting additional accessions to a whole range of existing collections, while also continuing with major cataloguing projects on the papers of Lord Hailsham, Lord Kinnock and Professor Max Born; • hosting a record number of researchers (up 12% on 2008/9), while making available more files available than ever before (up 37% on 2008/9); • supporting the College’s excellent fiftieth anniversary events programme, while also staging the Cold War Conference, the 13th Stephen Roskill Memorial Lecture and participating in events in South East Asia; • opening the papers for the first months of Margaret Thatcher’s premiership, for May – Dec 1979, but also highlighting the seventieth anniversary of Churchill’s ‘finest hour’; • launching an ambitious programme to digitise just under one million documents from Lady Thatcher’s archive; • and enjoying a high media profile, with press releases about the opening of the Thatcher Papers, the digitisation of the Churchill Papers, and the 70th anniversary of Churchill’s ‘Finest Hour’ speech. This would not have been possible without the help and advice the Archives Centre receives from its Trustees, Archives Committee, Patrons, Friends, depositors and donors, or without the unfailing support of Churchill College officers, Fellows and staff. But above all else, this report bears witness to the hard work and dedication of the team of the Churchill Archives Centre.

Allen Packwood 10 September 2010

2: Financial Report In the year 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 the Archives Centre used its endowments, grants and income to meet expenditure of £476,115.

The Archives Centre continued to receive support from its Patrons and Friends, receiving new donation income during the year of £174,249.

1 3: Accessions New Collections These range from a fanatical eugenicist, imprisoned during the Second World War for his fascist sympathies (a collection that includes hitherto unpublished photographs of Nazi Germany), via a woman who worked for Churchill, a man who made film documentaries about Churchill, and Churchill’s namesake and grandson, to the British Ambassador in Washington DC in the late 1970’s, and to two of Margaret Thatcher’s Cabinet Ministers.

• CHURCHILL, Winston Spencer (1940-2010) Author, Journalist, Parliamentarian. Honorary Fellow of Churchill College and grandson of Sir [92 boxes and 6 oversize items].

• HOWELL OF GUILDFORD, Baron David Arthur Russell (b.1936) Conservative MP and Minister, serving as Secretary of State for Energy, 1979–81, and for Transport, 1981–83, and then as Chairman of the Select Committee on Foreign Affairs, 1987–97 [circa 105 boxes].

• JAY, Margaret Christian (Peggy) (1913-2008) London City Councilor and political campaigner [77 boxes].

• JAY, Peter (b.1937) Former British Ambassador to the United States, author, broadcaster, economist and journalist [155 boxes and 1 outsize volume].

• LE VIEN, John Douglas (1918-1999) Film maker, who made documentary films about Churchill and Edward VIII [4.5 boxes].

• PITT-RIVERS, George Henry Lane Fox (1890-1966) Anthropologist and Member of Council of the Eugenics Society, who was interned during the Second World War for his links with the British Union of Fascists [49 boxes].

• RAWLINSON OF EWELL, Peter Anthony Grayson, Baron (1919-2006) Conservative MP who rose to be Solicitor-General, Opposition Spokesman for Law and for Broadcasting, and then Attorney-General, 1970-74 [32 boxes].

• SALMON, Vanda (b. c 1925) Personal secretary to Sir Winston Churchill, Lady Astor and others [18 boxes].

• WAKEHAM, John, Baron (b. 1932) Conservative MP and minister who served as: Government Chief Whip, 1983-7; Lord Privy Seal, 1987-8; Leader of the House of Commons, 1987-9; Lord President of the Council, 1988-9; Secretary of State for Energy, 1989-92; and Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the , 1992-4 [66 boxes].

Collections to which additional accessions have been made Material has been added to a wide range of our collections strengthening our holdings for politics, grand strategy, diplomacy, public policy and science, engineering and technology.

Lord (Julian) Amery (AMEJ), Leo Amery (AMEL), Sir Herman Bondi (BOND), Professor Max Born (BORN), Sir Robin Chichester-Clark (CCLK), Peregrine Churchill (PCHL), (COOK), Peter Cropper (CPPR), Tam Dalyell (TADA), Admiral Lord Fisher (FISR), Sir James Grigg (PJGG), Lord Jenkin (JENK), Lord Kilmuir (KLMR), Sir John Nott (NOTT), Professor Max Perutz (PRTZ), Enoch Powell (POLL), Sir Adam Ridley (RDLY), Stephen Roskill (ROSK), Sir Joseph Rotblat (RTBT), Professor Edward Shire (SHRE), Sir John Stuttard (STUT), Lady Thatcher (THCR), Lord Thurso (THRS), Michael Young (YUNG). There have also been additions to the Miscellaneous holdings (MISC), and to the Churchill Additional (WCHL) and Thatcher and Whittle Associated collections (THCR AS & WHTL AS).

2 4: Readers

2008/9 2009/10 Total No. of Readers 476 536 Readers by nationality: UK 296 (62%) 354 (66.0%) USA & Canada 91 (19%) 63 (11.8%) Europe 43 (9%) 55 (10.3%) Other 31 (7%) 46 (8.6%) Joint nationality - 4 (0.7%) Not stated 15 (3%) 14 (2.6%) Total No. of Daily Visits 1344 1602 Document requests 6341 8697 (1405 for Churchill) (1094 for Churchill) % of first-time visitors (328) 69% 72% (384) No of readers using 139 (29%) 128 (24%) Churchill Papers

Most Used Collections in 2009/10 Collections by number of readers using collection Collections by number of files issued 1: CHAR (pre 1945 Churchill) 113 1: CHAR (pre 1945 875 Churchill) 2: THCR (Margaret Thatcher) 64 2: THCR (Margaret 708 Thatcher) 3: CHUR (post 1945 Churchill) 46 3: RTBT (Joseph Rotblat) 457 3:= AMEL (Leo Amery) 46 4: RVJO (RV Jones) 380 4: POLL (Enoch Powell) 26 5: AMEL (Leo Amery) 319 5: ESHR (Lord Esher) 20 6: VNST (Vansittart) 280 5: = HLSM (Lord Hailsham) 20 7: POLL (Enoch Powell) 273 6: DNSD (Duncan Sandys) 16 8: ESHR (Lord Esher) 246 7: CSCT (Clementine 15 9: CHUR (post 1945 219 Spencer-Churchill) Churchill) 7: = STED (W T Stead) 15 10: ACAD (Alexander 186 Cadogan) 7: = HNKY (Lord Hankey) 15 7: = VNST (Vansittart) 15 8: ACAD (Alexander 14 Cadogan) 8: = BEVN () 14 8: = NBKR (Philip Noel-Baker) 14 9: FISR (Admiral Lord Fisher) 13 9:= MCKN (Reginald 13 McKenna) 10: CASR (Cecil Spring Rice) 12 10:= CHAN (Lord Chandos) 12 10: = SPRS (Louis Spears) 12

4.1 Reader Statistics I believe these statistics record the highest level of researcher use in the Centre’s history. Moreover, they do not take account of the many enquiries that are now being answered by letter, fax, phone and increasingly by email.

The figures for use of individual collections show more people using Lady Thatcher’s papers, as her archive starts to open, but also confirm that a wide range of collections are being heavily used, including some, like the Amery, Powell and Hailsham papers, that have been catalogued and made available in recent years.

3

5: Archives By-Fellows The following Archives By-Fellows took up residence in College 2009/10:

• Michaelmas Term 2009 – Dr Andrew Gordon (Reader in Defence Studies at Joint Services Command and Staff College, Shrivenham, Swindon), who was working on the biography of Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay for Harvard University Press.

• Lent Term 2010 – Dr Gaynor Johnson (Senior Lecturer in International History at the University of Salford), who was working on a biographical monograph about Sir Alexander Cadogan and has now decided to use Cadogan’s two periods as Permanent Under Secretary and that of Vansittart as the 'root' for a study of the 'Foreign Office mind' in the period 1930-1946.

• Lent Term 2010 – Dr Graham Farmelo (Senior Research Fellow at the Science Museum, London, and Adjunct Professor of Physics at Northeastern University, Boston, USA) who continued his studies from Lent Term 2009 for an inter-disciplinary project “Churchill’s nuclear scientists”.

• Easter Term 2010: Dr Andrew Brown (a retired Radiologist and experienced biographer) who had been asked by British Pugwash to write an official biography of Sir Joseph Rotblat.

Dr Johnson was the recipient of the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust grant for an Archives By-Fellowship, and in addition Dr Farmelo benefited from a second grant. The Trust has generously offered funding for one Archives By-Fellow per academic year, contributing towards their accommodation, research and living expenses while at Churchill College for a term of study. Fuller details are available on the Archives Centre website at http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/about/byfellowship.php.

6: Publications and Media Usage The following is a selection of new works added to the Roskill Library in 2009/10, chosen because they derive directly and significantly from research undertaken in the Churchill Archives Centre: • Beyond the Battlefield: New Zealand and its allies, 1939-45, Gerald Hensley. • Winston S Churchill, Randolph Churchill, Martin Gilbert (5 vols ), new edition by Hillsdale Press. • The Churchill Documents, Randolph Churchill, Martin Gilbert (13 vols), new edition by Hillsdale Press. • The Churchills: a family portrait, Celia and John Lee. • Churchill’s Empire: the world that made him and the world he made, Richard Toye. • Churchill’s War Lab: code-breakers, boffins and innovators: the mavericks Churchill led to victory, Taylor Downing. • A Distorted Mirror: the transformation of a Milk Snatcher to an Iron Lady, 1971-79, Michèle Blagg • Finest Years: Churchill as warlord, 1940-45, Max Hastings. • The Great Edwardian Naval Feud: Beresford’s vendetta against ‘Jackie’ Fisher, Richard Freeman. • Stepping Stones and the Origins of Thatcherism, 1974-79, James Varela. • A Study of the Impact of the Economic Crises 1974-9 on the Conservative Party, Martyn Griffiths. • The Taxation of British Savings and Investments, 1945-85: from prudence to popular capitalism, Clare Munro.

4

The first section of Baroness Thatcher’s premiership papers covering May-December 1979 were opened on 1 February 2010. Ahead of the release, the Centre hosted a press day for the world’s media which was well attended. The release ultimately attracted considerable media attention and was covered by both BBC and independent news channels, by the prestigious “Today programme” on BBC Radio Four and by most British and a number of overseas newspapers. The Centre plans to hold further annual press days as papers are released here for the remaining years of Margaret Thatcher’s premiership, 1980-90.

The Centre also assisted a number of media and museum projects including:

• “The ONE Show”, BBC1, filmed Francis Bacon’s fuel cell notebooks, in July 2009.

• Photographs of Churchill supplied for documentary series “Joanna Lumley’s Nile” by Tiger Aspect Productions, broadcast on ITV, April 2010.

• Scans of letters from Otto Hahn to Lise Meitner supplied to Lawrence Bender Productions for use in a documentary film.

• Photos supplied to John S Latsis Public Benefit Foundation for use in a short biographical film on J S Latsis.

• Photograph of Thomson and Rutherford from the Meitner Papers supplied for a documentary film about Rutherford.

• Photos of Admiral Sturdee’s funeral from the Sturdee Papers supplied to St Paul’s Church, Camberley, for use in Heritage Open Day display.

• "Winston Churchill, Oxfordshire Hussar, 1901-1965"; an exhibition by the Soldiers of Oxfordshire Trust. Facsimiles supplied and loan of Churchill despatch box.

• Facsimiles also supplied to the Imperial War Museum to support the exhibition “Outbreak 1939” (20 August 2009 – 5 September 2010), and the Deep Zoom project on Churchill, at the Churchill Museum and online, launched summer 2010.

• Facsimile from the Churchill Papers supplied to the Library & Museum of Freemasonry for exhibition “The Masonic Emporium”, 1 July to 23 December 2010.

7: Catalogues and Finding aids 7.1. Major Cataloguing Projects The Centre is currently running two major cataloguing projects, for the papers of Lord Hailsham and Lord Kinnock, and this year has seen excellent progress in both.

7.1.1. The Papers of the Rt. Hon. Lord Hailsham A further 28 boxes of Lord Hailsham’s Private Office papers from his various Ministerial appointments were released this year and approximately 150 boxes of speeches and remaining political papers are being catalogued prior to opening to researchers.

7.1.2. The Papers of the Rt. Hon. Lord Kinnock Detailed cataloguing has now been completed for 18 out of the 26 series (about 550 boxes in all), including the core material, the Elections section, the 12 separate policy sections (divided by ministerial portfolio) and Kinnock’s speeches. There are usable working lists to the remaining 9 sections, which are available on request, and these include photographs, audio-visual and also Kinnock’s correspondence.

The catalogues to these collections are already available online, and are being added to as work continues.

5

7.1.3. The Papers of Professor Max Born The papers of Max Born (c 80 boxes) have been appraised, sorted, and packaged, and a more detailed catalogue is now being produced.

7.2. Other cataloguing work The Archivists have also undertaken the following range of other cataloguing tasks. • 3 boxes added to the Fisher Papers, consisting of letters from Fisher to George Lambert, many around the time of the Dardanelles Inquiry, and other papers collected by Lambert as Fisher’s literary executor. Work is also continuing to improve the catalogue to the Fisher Papers. • 4 photograph albums added to the papers of Peregrine Churchill (a collection which was also opened this year). • 9 boxes of family correspondence and business papers, added to the Thurso Papers. The catalogue to the Thurso Papers has also been retroconverted and added to the Janus database. • 4.5 boxes of papers and photographs belonging to Jack Le Vien, film producer who made several films based on Churchill’s memoirs. • 5 scrapbooks added to the papers of A V Hill, including family papers and photographs relating to Hill (including the award of his Nobel Prize), Margaret Hill, and Florence Ada Keynes • 3 boxes added to the Shire papers, consisting chiefly of research and lecture notes. • 32 boxes of Jack Ratcliffe’s papers were catalogued, including material relating to the wartime Telecommunications Research Establishment and his work as head of the radio group at the (with papers about the Principles of Science course introduced for Arts undergraduates at Cambridge during the 1950s). • 155 boxes of Peter Jay’s papers were boxed and 51 of those were boxlisted. • 92 boxes of Winston S. Churchill’s papers were boxlisted. • 77 boxes of Peggy Jay’s papers were boxed. • 97 boxes of additional papers of Michael Young were boxed. • 117 boxes of the papers of Sir Martin Ryle were catalogued by the National Cataloguing Unit for the Archives of Contemporary Scientists and have now been returned to the Archives Centre where they are available for consultation.

The Archives Assistants have continued to work on retro-converting our type-written catalogues, by entering catalogue information onto our database so that the catalogues can be published online in full. This year, they have completed this process for catalogues of Professor Paul Dirac, Admiral Sir Reginald Drax, Sir George Binney, Admiral Sir John de Robeck and Admiral Sir Dudley Pound. Work is continuing on the catalogues of Sir Cecil Spring Rice, Alfred and Robert Ellis.

In January the Archivists opened 76 boxes of papers of Lord (Edwin) Plowden following an official review, plus 92 files of material from a wide range of collections.

On 1 February 2010 some 41 boxes of papers from the archive of Baroness Thatcher were opened, see 8.5 below.

8. Online resources 8.1. Archives website

As a new feature, we have introduced an Image of the Month, which is displayed on the Archives website homepage. Visitors to the website can find out more about the image and also access a gallery of all the previous images. So far we have used documents and photographs from a number of our collections, including the Churchill Papers, Thatcher Papers and college archives, and also featuring the work of our conservators.

6

The main website (not counting the Churchill Era or the Churchill Papers catalogue) received 439,777 hits over the year, an increase of 6.5% from the previous year’s figure of 412,669. This year, usage has gone up for the collections section, but dropped slightly for the education section, with about 55% of hits for collections and 35% for education (as opposed to 50% and 42% last year). Overall, as in previous years, a roughly equal number of users (about 25-30%) come from commercial .com addresses and network .net addresses, and little under 20% from .uk addresses, over half of which come from the Cambridge academic community (.cam.ac.uk addresses).

8.2. The Churchill Era This year the site received 74,649 hits, a decrease of 7% from last year’s figure of 80,191 hits (not surprising, as no new material has been added to the site for some time). As before, about 30% of hits came from .com addresses, 25% from .net addresses and about 10% .ac.uk addresses (of which over half were from Cambridge users, with .cam.ac.uk addresses).

8.3. Online Churchill Papers catalogue This year the Churchill catalogue received 1,005,576 hits showing a tenfold increase on last year’s figure of 101,525 hits. Many users arrive from the college site or as a result of Google searches. The usage since the catalogue has gone online shows 65% from .com addresses, 11.8% from the UK (7.61% from the UK academic community, mostly within Cambridge).

8.4 Janus webserver Most of the Archives Centre’s catalogues are available online on the Janus webserver (http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk) and the usage statistics show that many of the visitors to the Janus site use the Archives Centre’s catalogues. Janus now collects statistics using Google Analytics as well as in the format (generated by a program called Analog) used for previous annual reports.

Google Analytics does allow more sophisticated analysis of the use of the site but it is impossible to separate use of the Churchill Archives Centre catalogues from other catalogues available. The figures generated by Analog appear to show a small increase in the number of hits on our catalogues for the year: 655,467(compared with 602,002 for last year). It is difficult to be confident in the increase as Google Analytics appears to contradict this by showing a 19% decrease in use of Churchill catalogues (compared with a 36% decrease in use of the site overall). One of the reasons that Janus is less busy is because fewer visitors come to the site as a result of a Google search. However, those that do come to the site remain on it for longer and look at more pages. So it may be that the decline in quantity of visits is balanced by the improved relevance to those who do visit the site.

Many of our larger and more detailed catalogues (such as the Leo Amery and Enoch Powell catalogues) regularly receive over 1,000 hits per month. However, there are also some new arrivals in the list of the most popular catalogues: the Thatcher papers (where the figures show a spike in usage in January and February corresponding to the release of material), AV Hill’s papers, and Major-General Sir Edward Spears’ papers. 44% of the usage of the Janus site is from the UK (18% from the US, 4.4% from Canada and 4.2% from Australia).

8.5. Margaret Thatcher Foundation website and Thatcher Papers Digitisation Project In the Autumn of 2009, the Centre commenced a trial project to digitise the Prime Ministerial papers of Baroness Thatcher for 1979. After approaching a number of commercial digitisation companies, the Centre selected Transmedia, a Swansea based company, who had agreed to fund a trial to digitise 41 boxes of papers, representing just over 23,000 images.

Following their successful trial, Transmedia were awarded a contract to digitise up to a million images from the Thatcher papers up to the end of 1990. The main contract began in February 2010 and at the end of June some 150,000 images had been satisfactorily checked and returned. In each case, the Centre had been provided with high quality “tiff” images and lower resolution but text searchable “PDF” files. The contract is being funded from the Centre’s specific grants and endowments with considerable financial help from the Margaret Thatcher Archive Trust.

7

9: Temporary Collections The Churchill Archives Centre continues to house the archive of the Royal Automobile Club. Since the cataloguing project finished in March 2006 administration of the collection has passed to the staff in the club’s library at Pall Mall with the Archives Centre staff in support. With prior arrangement with the club researchers can see the archives in the reading rooms at the Archives Centre under the usual conditions. The on-line catalogue to the collection is available through the website of the Royal Automobile Club. In June 2010, RAC Archivist, Jessica Bueno de Mesquita began working two days a week on the collection in the Archives Centre.

During 2009/10 the Churchill Archives Centre was honoured to act as temporary custodian of the world famous Parker manuscripts collection during building work to the Parker Library at Corpus Christi College.

10: Conservation This year saw further work on the Hailsham Papers (HLSM) and particularly the diaries (HLSM 1). ‘Fisherizing’ (conservation binding) was carried out on HLSM 1/1/14, HLSM 1/5A and is almost complete for HLSM 1/1/15, while deacidification work and paper repairs are nearing completion for several files of family papers and correspondence (HLSM 8).

Paper conservation including removal of pressure sensitive adhesive tapes, humidification, deacidification and remoistenable tissue support has been carried on items from the papers of Leo Amery (AMEL), AV Alexander (AVAR), Lord Norwich (DUFC), Lord Esher (ESHR), Sir Thomas Fife Clark (FICA), Michael Young (YUNG), Jack Le Vien (LEVN) and from the Churchill Additional collection (WCHL). Items from the Thatcher Papers (THCR) have also been conserved as preparation work for digitisation.

Conservation work on photographs and photograph albums in the papers of Oswald Tuck (TUCK) and Sir Alan Lascelles (LASL) has also been carried out, including cleaning, flattening by humidification, repair of mounts/pages with toned tissue/infills, removal from mounts, packaging with museum board, silversafe, microchamber and melinex

Many boxes have been custom-made this year for volumes, including phase boxes and cloth- covered drop spine boxes. Volumes in the papers of Sir Alan Lascelles (LASL), Oswald Tuck (TUCK), Vanda Salmon (SALM), Churchill Additional (WCHL), and Stephen Roskill (ROSK) have been boxed, with other repair work also being applied to some of these. Padded artefact boxes have been produced for items in the papers of Max Born (BORN) and Lise Meitner (MTNR), and for the protection of parchment/seals in the papers of Lord Kilmuir (KLMR).

Measures have had to be put in place to allow safe access to material in Chadwick (CHAD) and Feather (FEAT), found to have low levels of residual radioactive contamination arising from the research processes that they document. The worst affected material has been encapsulated in melinex and isolated, but the use of gloves and particular handling is all that is usually required.

Large format items in MISC 40, MISC 90, Sir Martin Ryle (RYLE), AV Alexander (AVAR) and Bagnold (BGND) have been protected with archival folders, tubes and wrapping as well as other minimal conservation treatments.

The project to improve the storage and copying of our audio visual (AV) archives continues. The digital copying of the Thatcher audio cassette tapes is well underway. The first phase of the film project is complete with all films having been re-rolled and archivally packaged and fully assessed. A survey of chemical deterioration was carried out and this, along with other information, formed the basis for prioritising films for copying. A full survey of the analogue discs (records) within our collections was carried out, the items prioritised and equipment acquired to enable the Audiovisual Technicians to digitise this material in-house. The copying will start in August 2010.

8 The preservation packaging of Lord Norwich (DUFC) has been completed this year and the packaging of Stephen Roskill (ROSK) and Admiral Lord Fisher (FISR) has commenced. Packaging of section CHUR 2 of the Churchill Papers continues. Packaging, involving some custom-made enclosures and other work, has been carried out on new collections, in particular Willmott (WLMT), Rawlinson (RWSN), Rankin (BARA), Born (BORN) and Pitt- Rivers (PIRI). Future work on PIRI glass plate and film negatives and lantern slides has been logged.

As a result of so much new material being accessioned this year, there has been a higher proportion of time spent dealing with the immediate problem of damp, insect and mould affected material. This has involved drying and cleaning work in the conservation workshop on Kilmuir (KLMR), Pitt-Rivers (PIRI), Winston Churchill (WSCH) and Robin Cook (COOK).

The conservation team continue to occasionally advise and work for other related bodies including this year, the Westminster School, and the Royal Automobile Club. The Archives Centre has a commercial arrangement in place with the RAC, and considerable time has been spent undertaking full conservation work on the RAC Woodcote Park land deeds, including the washing, sizing and lining of a paper map and the mounting and packaging of parchment and seals. In addition, a report has been written on recommendations for the conservation/preservation of the scarp book albums of Sir Stirling Moss.

Two people undertaking conservation courses at the Camberwell College of Arts have gained work experience over several days in the Conservation workshop, undertaking paper repairs and box-making.

Preparation of originals from the Burgis (BRGS), Churchill (CHAR) and Churchill Additional Papers (WCHL) for exhibition at the and the Oxfordshire Museum has been carried out.

The Archives Centre is working towards becoming part of a University-wide Disaster Response Network, being coordinated by the .

We continue to monitor for safe levels of light, temperature and humidity in the stores, while also watching for signs of insect activity. Overall, conditions have been good. For the majority of the time the Strongroom and the New Wing have maintained conditions within the safe range identified in the relevant national standard, BS 5454 (16-19 deg C and 45-60% RH).

11: Visits to the Archives Centre 01 July 09 – Judge Business School General Management Programme/Møller Centre 04 July – Display for Churchill College Alumni 09 July – Local Graduate Trainee Librarians 15 July – Sutton Trust Summer School Sixth Formers 16 July – Joseph Cooper group 17 July – Steve & Tracey Knowles (Hamblin family) 20 July – Katie & Teddy Bommarito 22 July – Councillor Russ McPherson, Mayor of Cambridge 22 July – Saffron Walden Town Library Society 23 July – Beijing Cultural Group/Møller Centre 23 July – Sir John Stuttard, Mr & Mrs George Mallinckrodt 30 July – Cambridge Rutherford Rotary Club 11 Aug – China Bohai Bank/Møller Centre 18 Aug– Excellence East Summer School students 19 Aug – Excellence East Summer School students 20 Aug – Shanghai Pudong Development Bank/Møller Centre 25 Aug – Conservative Party Selection Conference interviewers/Møller Centre 09 Sept – Carmel McEniery & colleagues 09 Sept – Simon Burne 10 Sept – Annual Conference of CILIP’s Rare Books & Special Collections group 12 Sept – Display for Open Cambridge Weekend Libraries Trail & Heritage Open Days 16 Sept – Elderhostel ‘The Spying Game’ Conference group 16 Sept – Professor Tai Yong Tan 22 Sept – Display for College Admissions Open Day

9 23 Sept– OCR Teachers Training Day 23 Sept - Ben Harris & Spanish FAES group 24 Sept – Lady Ridley & Professor Jane Ridley 25 Sept – University Alumni weekend 08 Oct - Anne Jarvis (University Librarian) 09 Oct – Dr Mark Goldie with 1st year History students 12 Oct – Sir Evelyn de Rothschild 14 Oct – Legal Group/Møller Centre 19 Oct – Hilary Cowan 20 Oct – Bill Janeway 21 Oct – Mrs Garbee 23 Oct – Lord & Lady Balfour 27 Oct – China Bohai Bank/Møller Centre 28 Oct – Entrants to Stevens Competition 30 Oct – Bank of China Hong Kong /Møller Centre 03 Nov – Entrants to Stevens Competition 04 Nov – Chairman of a Chinese Bank 04 Nov – Delegates from Finnish Institute Conference, including His Excellency The Finnish Ambassador 06 Nov - Heather McIntyre of the Dartington Hall Trust 11 Nov – Dr Henry Kissinger 17 Nov – Dr Anthony Wild group 17 Nov – Display for College’s 50th Governing Body meeting 19 Nov – Display for Cold War Conference 23 Nov – Kings College, London with Professor Richard Vinen and Mr Chris Collins 25 Nov – Sir Ralph Kohn 26 Nov – Entrants to Stevens Competition 01 Dec – Judge Business School General Management Programme/Møller Centre 02 Dec – Imam Ahmed El Mahdi 03 Dec – Dr Phil Gaskell & U3A group 15 Dec – Entrants to Stevens Competition 14 Jan – Lord Lawson of Blaby 18 Jan – Celia and John Lee and Sunday Times journalist 18 Jan – Academy for Chief Executives/Møller Centre 19 Jan – Mark Pigott 20 Jan – Entrants to Stevens Competition 22 Jan – Entrants to Stevens Competition 01 Feb – Display following Roskill Lecture 02 Feb – Dr D’Maris Coffman 04 Feb – Celia Pilkington from Inner Temple Archive 09 Feb – RAC Motoring Committee 16 Feb – Friends of the Fitzwilliam Museum 01 Mar – Churchill College Pensioners 05 Mar – Professor Gustav Born & family 05 Mar – Churchill College Student Quiz 08 Mar - Dr Mark Goldie with 2nd year History undergraduates 10 Mar – Tracey Wilkinson from Kings College 11 Mar – Display for Science Festival lecture by Professor Dudley Williams 15 Mar – Brian Wallis with U3A group 15 Mar – Faculty of Divinity journalists & broadcasters group/Møller Centre 16 Mar – Trainee Librarians 24 Mar – Shanghai Pudong Development Bank/Møller Centre 25 Mar – Mr Max Arthur 26 Mar - Mr Andrew Wylie 26 Mar – Bruce & Beth Hajek family 30 Mar – Display for College Admissions Open Day 20 Apr – Irene Noel-Baker 21 Apr – Alison Barnard from Norfolk Record Office 06 May – Small group from Bank of China/Møller Centre 08 May – Churchill Centre UK 12 May – CCBH students 12 May – Mrs Barbara Rankin 18 May – Mr Beverley Coleman 19 May – Leamington Society 21 May – Sir Peter & Lady Bonfield 25 May – Bank of China Macau/Møller Centre 28 May – Judge Business School Sustainability & Art Design group/Møller Centre

10 01 June – National WW2 Museum US 03 June – Dr Declan Kiely 07 June – Professor Sinai (Newton Institute guest) 10 June – Edwina Sandys & Richard Kaplan 14 June – Miss Nina Veitch with Professors Ayliffe, Kerr & Mainelli 15 June – Judge Business School McLaren Leadership Course/Møller Centre 26 June – NIH Scientific Philanthropists 26 June – Display for Churchill College General Admission 28 June – Frank Warn from 29 June – Mrs Delphine Daft

12: Education and Outreach This year the Archives Centre was delighted to be able to support the College’s fiftieth anniversary programme. The initiative of the Development Director led to the publication of Cosmos out of Chaos; a wonderful full colour introduction to the riches of the collections, funded by alumnus Michael Cowan. We also helped celebrate the anniversary of the first governing Body meeting on the opening night of our Cold War conference, provided a display for the Danish Embassy reception on 24 March, and organised a conference with the National University of Singapore and a talk at Hong Kong University to complement the Master’s visit to South East Asia in April.

The year saw annual events like the Archives Centre Quiz, and biennial occasions like the Roskill Lecture (delivered this year by Ken Livingstone), taking place along side the rather special one-off two day conference on The Cold War and its Legacy, held in November to coincide with the anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall. This drew high profile speakers from the United Kingdom, Russia and the United States, as well as China, Germany, India, Japan and Roumania.

The College and the Cold War were not the only anniversaries being celebrated. The summer of 2010 was also the seventieth since Churchill’s arrival as Prime Minister in 10 Downing Street and the ensuing Battle of Britain. This was marked by a Cambridge University podcast and associated press release on the making of Churchill’s ‘Finest Hour’ speech (18 June 1940) and by the Director talking to University alumni at the Imperial War Museum, Duxford.

13: British Diplomatic Oral History Programme Interviews which have taken place from June 2009 and are still being processed are as follows:

• Sir Anthony Brenton KCMG (Ambassador to Russia, 2004-08) • Turner CMG (Ambassador to Finland, 1983–85) • Sir Nicholas Fenn GCMG (High Commissioner to India, 1991-96) • Sir David Manning GCMG (Foreign Policy Adviser to Prime Minister, and Head of Defence and Overseas Secretariat, Cabinet Office, 2001–03) (2nd interview) • Warwick Morris (Ambassador to South Korea, 2003-08) • John Sankey CMG (UK Permanent Rep. to the UN, 1985-90)

Interviews which have been completed and received FCO approval in July 2009-June 2010: • Charles Cullimore CMG (High Commissioner to Uganda, 1989–93) • John Edmonds CMG, CVO (Leader, UK Delegation to Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Negotiations, 1978–81) • Desmond Higgins (Commonwealth Relations Office) • Lord Jay GCMG (Permanent Under-Secretary of State, FCO, and Head of the Diplomatic Service, 2002–06) • Peter Longworth CMG (High Commissioner, Zimbabwe, 1998–2001) • Colin Munro CMG (Ambassador to Croatia, 1997-2000) • Adrian Sindall CMG (Ambassador to Syria, 1994–96)

Interviewers for the programme are Mr Jimmie Jamieson and Mr Malcolm McBain (Director). Transcription work is carried out by Mrs Joanna Buckley and Mrs Evie Jamieson.

11

14: Staff The staffing of the Archives Centre during 2009/2010 was as follows:

Mr Allen Packwood (Director) Ms Natalie Adams (Senior Archivist/ Information Services Manager & College Archivist – part-time) Mr Andrew Riley (Senior Archivist/ Public Services Manager) Ms Sarah Lewery (Conservator) Ms Sophie Bridges (Archivist) Miss Katharine Thomson (Archivist) Mrs Julie Sanderson (Archives Administrator – part-time) Mrs Caroline Herbert (Archives Assistant) Dr Lynsey Robertson (Archives Assistant) Ms Madelin Terrazas (Archives Assistant – full-time from 2 November 09) Ms Bridget Warrington (Conservation Assistant – part-time)

15: Training and Staff Development The following training courses were attended by various members of the Archives Centre staff: • Postgraduate Diploma in Archives & Records Management distance-learning course – Lynsey Robertson continued her studies throughout 2009/10 • College training on ‘Working at Heights’ – Lynsey Robertson & Bridget Warrington (July 09) • College training on ‘Manual Handling’ – Caroline Herbert, Allen Packwood & Julie Sanderson (July 09) • In-house review of Handling Procedures – all staff (Nov 09) • College training on ‘Fire Safety’ - Caroline Herbert & Madelin Terrazas (Nov 09) • Libraries @ Cambridge Conference – Natalie Adams & Katharine Thomson (Jan 10) • ‘Project Management for Archivists’ training @ MLA – Natalie Adams (Jan 10) • University workshop on ‘Information Management’ – Caroline Herbert (Jan 10) • Archives Skills Consultancy Ltd ‘Basic Archives Skills’ training – Madelin Terrazas (Feb 10) • SCA Intellectual Property Rights & Licensing Workshop @ JISC Offices – Allen Packwood (Mar 10) • College training on ‘Risk Assessments’ – Allen Packwood (Mar 10) • In-house review of Fire Procedures – all staff (Mar 10) • Society of Archivists ‘Copyright for Archivists’ training – Madelin Terrazas (Mar 10) • College ‘Dignity at Work’ training – Caroline Herbert & Andrew Riley (Apr 10), Natalie Adams, Allen Packwood, Madelin Terrazas & Bridget Warrington (June 10) • Exhibition Conservation work placement at Fitzwilliam Museum – Bridget Warrington (17-21 May 10) • College Induction Training – Madelin Terrazas (June 10) • Training on ‘Setting up Exhibitions’ for Midlands group of Conservators at Nottingham University – Bridget Warrington (June 10) • Fire Safety talk at Fitzwilliam Museum – Sarah Lewery (June 10)

Mandatory staff training is arranged by the College, and members of staff are required to attend the following courses on a three-year cyclic basis: ‘Manual Handling’, ‘Fire Safety’, ‘Basic Health & Safety’, ‘Dignity at Work’ and ‘Working at Heights’.

Sarah Lewery is currently the Secretary of the Society of Archivists Conservation Training Scheme. She sits on the Committee that organises the day-to-day running of the scheme and is involved in the organisation of meetings, the Chemistry Week, Instructors’ assessments, Trainee exams and assessments. On a local level, Natalie Adams has continued to represent the Centre on the Janus steering group and the Cantab development group. Both are technology initiatives which directly feed into the Centre's cataloguing work, and which enable the Centre to benefit considerably from collaborating with other repositories and to share the development costs involved.

12

This year we have welcomed the following volunteers to the Archives Centre: Emma Mustich (History undergraduate at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge), July 2009-June 2010; Nanci Dhell (A Level student at the Grey Coat Hospital School, Westminster), 6 July 2009; Madelin Terrazas (History graduate from the University of Chester), 6 July-7 September 2009 [later employed as an Archives Assistant]; Frances Mortlock (teacher), 10-31 July 2009; Averil Condren (archivist), 4 August-7 September 2009; Bradley Hart (History postgraduate at Churchill College, Cambridge), 30 November-4 December 2009; Katie Borley (Classics undergraduate at Pembroke College, Cambridge), 14-18 December 2009; Richard Calver (Senior Lecturer in Optometry at Anglia Ruskin University), 15-16 December; Carol Peacok (Camberwell College of Arts Conservation Diploma and Churchill graduate), 4-8 January 2010; Anna Coyle (History undergraduate at Murray Edwards College, Cambridge), 27 January-10 March 2010; Luke Kirwan (Archives and Records Management postgraduate at University College Dublin), 15-16 and 18 February 2010 and 7-8 April 2010; Nicola Kiddle (Camberwell College of Arts Conservation MA), 8-12 March 2010; and Genna Morgan- McDermott (GCSE student at St Mary’s School, Cambridge) 28 June-2 July 2010.

16: Archives Committee The main Archives committee continues to meet termly and includes both student representation and external advisers. The composition throughout 2009/10 was as follows:

Dr Frank King (Chair) Mr Allen Packwood (ex-officio as Director of the Churchill Archives Centre) Professor Christopher Andrew (Corpus Christi) Mr Matthew Beale (JCR representative) Sir John Boyd Professor David Edgerton (Imperial College, London) Dr Phil Gaskell Dr Mark Goldie Mr Bradley Hart (MCR representative) Professor Melissa Hines Professor Anthony Kelly Dr Sean Lang (consultant on Churchill Era website) Professor Simon Laughlin Mr Malcolm McBain (Director, British Diplomatic Oral History Programme) Professor David Reynolds FBA (Christ’s) Mr Iain Sproat (former Government Minister & MP) Dr Pieter van Houten

17: Archives Trusts The Churchill Papers remain the property of the Sir Winston Churchill Archive Trust (SWCAT). The trustees for the period in question were comprised as follows: Mr James Joll (Chair) Mrs Anne Jarvis (ex-officio as the University Librarian) Dr Scot McKendrick (ex-officio as representative of the British Library) Professor Alison Richard (ex-officio as the Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University) Mrs Jennifer Rigby (ex-officio as the Bursar of Churchill College) Professor Sir David Wallace (ex-officio as the Master of Churchill College) Mr Mark Whitmore (ex-officio as representative of the Imperial War Museum)

The Thatcher Papers remain the property of the Margaret Thatcher Archive Trust (MTAT). The trustees for the period in question were comprised as follows: Mr Julian Seymour (Chair) The Rt Hon. Lord Gowrie Lord Powell Professor Alison Richard (ex-officio as Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University) Mrs Jennifer Rigby (ex-officio as Bursar of Churchill College) Mr Andrew Roberts Professor Sir David Wallace (ex-officio as Master of Churchill College)

13 The Churchill College Archive Trust owns no collections, but controls an endowment fund and makes an annual grant to the Churchill Archives Centre. The Trustees for 2009/10 are recorded below. It is with regret and sadness that we record the death of Mr Winston Spencer Churchill. Professor Sir David Wallace (Chair, ex-officio as Master of Churchill College) Mr Winston Spencer Churchill (until March 2010) Mrs Jennifer Rigby (ex-officio as Bursar of Churchill College)

Mr Allen Packwood served as secretary to all trusts in his capacity as Director of the Archives Centre.

18: Archives Patrons Douglas N. Daft and Scott B. Kapnick remained the Honorary Chairmen of the Archives Centre Patrons. A full list of Patrons can be obtained from the Director of the Churchill Archives Centre.

Allen Packwood September 2010

14