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‌Identification the Abundance of شده های اشغال شناسایی و فراوانی صدف Shell

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‌Identification the Abundance of شده های اشغال شناسایی و فراوانی صدف Shell مجله علمی ـ پژوهشی زیستشناسی جانوری تجربی .Experimental Animal Biology Vol. ??? No. ???, ?????? (??? - ???) سال ششم، شماره دوم، پیاپی بیست و دوم، پاییز 1396 )95-106( شناسایی و فراوانی صدفهای اشغالشده Identification the Abundance of Shell Occupied by Hermit Crabs in توسط خرچنگهای منزوی ناحیه بین جزر the Intertidal Zones of Southern و مدی جنوب جزیره قشم )خلیجفارس( Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf * Nabiallah Kheirabadi * نبیاله خیرآبادی M. A., Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of کارشناس ارشد، گروه زیستشناسی دریا، دانشکده علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت ,Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran مدرس Iran )تاریخ دریافت: 7/3/1395 - تاریخ تصویب: Received: May 27, 2016 - Accepted: Oct. 23, 2017) )1396/8/1) چکیده Abstract تحقیـق حاضـر بـا هـدف شنـاسایی و تعیین فراوانی صدفهای This study was conducted to investigate the شکمپای اشغال شده توسط خرچنگهای منزوی ناحیه جزر و مدی abundance of shell occupied by hermit crabs in 8 selected stations located in the intertidal zones of در هشت ایستگاه انتخابی در جنوب جزیره قشم انجام گرفت. بدین southern Qeshm Island. Sampling was conducted منظور، نمونهبرداری از ایستگاههای مورد نظر در آذر ماه 1392 انجام during December, 2013. Some of samples of each پذیرفت. تعدادی از نمونهها به منظور شناسایی در اتانول 70 درصد station were separately fixed in 70% ethanol and تثبیت و به آزمایشگاه انتقال یافتند. در این نمونهبرداری، تعداد were transported to the laboratory. In this study, 605 نمونه خرچنگ منزوی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر این اساس، تعـداد .samples of hermit crabs was surveyed 605 According to the results, eight hermit crab species هشـت گونـه خرچنـگ منـزوی Clibanarius signatus، (Clibanarius signatus, Clibanarius virescens, Diogenes ،Diogenes avarus ،Clibanarius virescens Diogenes avarus, Diogenes planimanus, Dardanus tinctor, Areopaguristes perspicax, Pagurus Areopaguristes ،Dardanus tinctor ،planimanus Coenobita scaevola Pagurus kulkarnii perspicax ، و kulkarniii and Coenobita scaevola) were identified in the intertidal zones of southern Qeshm Island. در ناحیه جزر و مدی جنوب این جزیره شناسایی شدند. نتایج نشان The results showed these hermit crabs occupied داد که این گونهها به ترتیب از 28، 17، 24، 10، 4، 18، 4 و 3 گونه and 3 species of gastropods 4 ,18 ,4 ,10 ,24 ,17 ,28 صدف شکمپا به منظور حفاظت از بخش شکمی خود استفاده میکنند. respectively to protect their abdominal section. In در مجموع نیز 50 گونه صدف شکمپا، مورد استفاده این هشت گونه general, 50 gastropod shell species were occupied by the 8 hermit crabs species. Highest number of خرچنگ منزوی قرار گرفته بود. بیشترین صدف اشغالشده متعلق به shells were occupied by Clibanarius signatus with خرچنگ منزوی C. signatus با 28 گونه بود. صدف شکم پای 28 gastropod shell species. Thais lacera with Thais lacera با 89/13 درصد از کل صدفهای اشغال شده، occupations of all the shells was the 13/89% بیشترین میزان اشغال شدن را به خود اختصاص داد. در ایستگاه پنج highest frequently occupied shell. Station 5 )جنگل دست کاشت حرا( نیز بیشترین فراوانی خرچنگهای منزوی و Mangrove forest) had the highest abundance of) the hermit crabs and shell occupation. بیشترین تعداد صدف اشغال شده مشاهده شد. واژههای کلیدی: خرچنگ منزوی، صدف شکمپایان، شناسایی، ,Keywords: Gastropod Shells, Hermit Crab Identification, Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf. جزیره قشم، خلیجفارس. * نویسنده مسئول: نبیاله خیرآبادی E-mail: [email protected] 96 مجله علمی ـ پژوهشی زیستشناسی جانوری تجربی، سال ششم، شماره دوم، پیاپی بیست و دوم، پاییز 1396 مقدمه Mantelatto, 2004; Sallam et al., 2008. خرچنگهای منزوی جانورانی هستند که با استفاده از Ismail, 2010(. همچنین در بعضی تحقیقات خصوصیات رفتاری و فیزیولوژیک، توانستهاند خود را بـا مشخص شده است که خرچنگهای منزوی فقط زنـدگـی در زیستـگـاههـای مختـلف سـازگـار سازنـد. صدف شکمپایان را اشغال نکرده، بلکه ممکن است در خرچنگهای منزوی در راسته Decapoda و فـوق مواردی، در صدف ناوپایان )Scaphopoda( )مانند خانواده Paguroidea که شامل شش خانواده است، Dentalium(، صـدف بـارنـاکلهـا، داخـل حفرات طبقهبندی شده و 1117 گونه از آنها در مناطق مختلف مرجانهای مرده و یا در صدف دوکفهایها نیز یافت دنیـا شنـاسـایی شـده است ) ,.McLaughlin et al شوند )Greenway, 2003; Garcia et al., 2003(. 2010(. این جانوران به منظور حفاظت از بخش شکمی خرچنگهای منزوی موجود در خلیج فارس و دریای نرم، حفاظت در برابر شکارچیان، جلوگیری از خشک عمان، بیشتر از جنبه سیستماتیک مورد بررسی قرار شدن بدن، از دست دادن آب و فراهم آوردن مکانی گرفته که مجموعه این مطالعات، منجر به شناسایی 38 مناسب برای حفاظت از تخمهای خود صدف خالی شکم گونه خرچنگ منزوی در خلیجفارس و 21 گونه در پایان را اشغال میکنند )Hazlett, 1981(. ولی این دریای عمان شده است ) ;Naderloo et al., 2012 جانوران به طور تصادفی و بدون در نظر گرفتن شرایط، Apel, 2001(. در رابطه با صدف گزینی خرچنگهای صدف آن را انتخاب نمیکنند. صدف باید از نظر اندازه منزوی در آبهای خلیجفارس و دریای عمان نیز مناسب باشد؛ زیرا صدف بزرگ با وزن زیاد، باعث هدر مطالعاتی صورت گرفته است که از آن جمله میتوان به رفتن انرژی شده و رشد و تولیدمثل جانور را بهطور مطالعه صدفگزینی خرچنگ منزوی گونه Coenobita چشمگیری کاهش میدهد )Angel, 2000(. همچنین scaevola در جزیـره ﻻرک ) ,.Seyfabadi et al صـدف بـا اندازه کوچک، رشد جانور را دستخوش 2013(، هشت گونه خرچنگ منزوی در سواحل دریای کاهش کـرده و همچنیـن میزان حفاظت از جانور را عمان )Moradmand & Sari, 2007(، 12 گونه کاهش میدهد )Osorno et al., 1998(. شکل، رنگ، خرچنگ منزوی در سواحل خلیج چابهار ) Mirbagheri گونه، شکل پیچش داخل صـدف و میزان در دسترس et al., 2010( و هشـت گونه خرچنگ منزوی در بودن صدف، برای خرچنگهای منزوی بسیار حائز سواحل جزیره هرمز ) ;Kheirabadi et al., 2012 اهمیـت اسـت ) ;Seyfabadi et al., 2014 Scully, 1979; Hazlett, 1981( اشاره کرد. McClintock, 1985(. صدف شکمپایان در چرخه هـدف مـا در ایـن مطالعـه، شناسایی صدفهای زندگی خرچنگهای منزوی نقش بسزایی داشته و عدم اشغـال شـده توسط خرچنگهای منزوی ناحیه جزر و دسترسی به صدف مناسب، باعث محدودیت شدید و به مدی جنوب جزیره قشم است؛ زیـرا در خصـوص خطـر افتـادن جمعـیت خرچنگهای منزوی میشـود خرچنگهای منزوی این منطقه و همچنین عادات )Hazlett, 1981(. صدفگزینی آنها اطﻻعات موجود بسیار محدود بوده و بررسی عادات صدفگزینی خرچنگهای منزوی با توجه به اهمیت بسیار زیاد این جانوران در منطقه در بسیاری از نقاط دنیا مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. جزر و مدی به عنوان بخشی مهمی از فون جانوری، در بسیاری از مطالعات، گونههای صدف شکمپای این مطالعه انجام گرفت. اشغال شده توسط خرچنگهای منزوی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است ) Turra & Leite, 2000; Suat مواد و روشها & Ates et al., 2007; Dominciano. در این مطالعه، نمونهبرداری در هشت ایستگاه واقع در خیرآبادی: شناسایی و فراوانی صدفهای اشغالشده توسط خرچنگهای منزوی ... 97 ناحیه جزر و مدی جنوب جزیره قشم انجام گرفت. این ایـن جزیـره، اگـر نمونـه جدیـد و منحصر به فردی ایستگاههـا بـه نحـوی انتخـاب شدنـد که تمامی مشاهده میشد، جمعآوریشده و مورد بررسی قرار اکـوسیستمهای متفـاوت ساحـلی تحت پوشش قرار میگرفت. نمونههای جمعآوریشده از درون هر گیـرند. اسـامی، موقعیـت )بـا استفـاده از GPS( و کوادرات به تفکیک ایستگاه، برچسبگذاری و سپس ویژگـ یهـای هـر کـدام از ایستگـاههای انتخـابی در به آزمایشگاه انتقال مییافت. نمونهها پس از شستشو، جدول 1 ارائه شده است. در آب شیرین ولرم قرار داده شد تا از صدفهای خود نمونهبـرداری از خرچنـگهـای منزوی در آذر ماه خارج شوند. به محض خروج از آنها و صدفشان، 1392 انجام شد. در هر ایستگاه نمونهبرداری یک عکس تهیه شده و به تفکیک هر ایستگاه، در اتانول ترانسکت عمود بر دریا با عرض 100 متر در نظر 70 درصد تثبیت شدند )Echsel & Racek, 1976(. گرفته شد و هر ترانسکت به سه ناحیه پایین جزر و مدی، خرچنگهای منزوی و صدفهای اشغال شده توسط میان جزر و مدی و باﻻ جزر و مدی تقسیم شد. با توجه آنها با استفاده از کلیدهای شناسایی معتبر در حد گونه به زمان ذکر شده در جداول جزر و مدی، در زمان مورد شناسایی قرار گرفتند ) Apel, 2001; Bosch et حداکثر جزر با پرتاب تصادفی کوادرات 5/0×5/0 متر al., 2001; .al., 1995; Hosseinzadeh Sahafi et مربـع در هـر یـک از نواحـی یـادشـده، جمـ عآوری ;McLaughlin et .Kazmi & Siddiqui, 2006 خرچنگهای منزوی داخل هر کوادرات انجام گرفت. al., 2010(. از نمونههای متاتیپیک موزه جانور شناسی به منظور دقت بیشتر در نتایج، در هر ناحیه سه تکرار دانشـگاه تهـران بـه منظور تأیید شناسایی گونهای انجام شد )در مجموع نه کوادرات در هر ایستگاه(. با خرچنگهای منزوی و صدفهای اشغال شده توسط آنها بررسی کامل و دقیقتر در هر یک از ایستگاهها )خارج استفاده شد. نمونههای موجود در این موزه با نمونههای از محـدوده ترانسکـت و کـوادراتها(، برای هرچه موزه Senckenberg فرانکفورت آلمان مورد تأیید واقع دقیقتر بودن شناسایی گونهای خرچنگهای منزوی شدهاند. جدول 1. مشخصات هشت ایستگاه نمونهبرداری در ناحیه جزر و مدی جنوب جزیره قشم شماره ایستگاه نام ایستگاه عرض جغرافیایی طول جغرافیایی توصیف ایستگاه 1 پارک زیتون E 26˚ 56 ′ 13″ N ″37 ′ 16 ˚56 ساحل قلوه سنگی با پوشش جلبکی پراکنده به همراه مرجانهای سخت، منطقه باﻻ جزر و مدی شنی- ماسهای. وجود گردشگر فراوان در ساحل 2 زیارتگاه شاه شهید E 26˚ 54′ 45″ N ″20 ′10 ˚56 ساحل شنی- ماسهای. وجود گردشگر در ساحل منطقه 3 سوزا E 26˚ 45′ 30″ N ″56 ′01 ˚56 ساحل شنی- ماسهای. در مناطقی ساحل سنگی- صخرهای. وجود Back Barrier )حوضچههای سدی( 4 مسن E 26˚ 44′ 48″ N ″44 ′00 ˚56 ساحل مجاور منطقه مسکونی روستایی، ساحل غیر یکنواخت شنی و سنگی- صخرهای 5 جنگل دست کاشت حرا E 26˚ 42′ 29″ N ″ 00 ′55 ˚55 ساحل گلی، وجود جنگلهای حرا- ساحل در نواحی پایین جزر و مدی تا حدودی شنی- ماسهای 6 صلخ E 26˚ 40′ 11″ N ″30 ′46 ˚55 ساحل سنگی - صخرهای مجاور اسکله. ناحیه پایین جزر و مدی گلی، میان جزر و مدی قلوه سنگی و ناحیه باﻻ جزر و مدی شنی- ماسهای 7 نمکدان قشم E 26˚ 35′ 59″ N″14 ′30 ˚55 ساحل سنگی- صخرهای. امﻻح نمکی فراوان 8 دوستکو E 26˚ 34′ 18″ N ″38 ′20 ˚55 ساحل غیر یکنواخت قلوه سنگی با پوشش جلبکی.
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