Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd fhg mut fslbesldsbtne n ag mut fiognccmons(.. at fC,K, Ca, of salts (i.e., compounds inorganic of amounts consists large and and complex substances is solid etc.) soluble environmental, of clinical, amounts (biological, high samples of spectrometry many absorption of atomic flame matrix However, and (FAAS). (ETAAS), spectrometry spectrometry absorption mass atomic plasma electrothermal coupled inductively (ICPMS), (ICPAES), clinical spectrometry 6], emission [5, atomic environmental plasma 4], have coupled [3, tively to food need to that belong [5 samples elements biological of toxic and and number large essential of A concentration analysis. the instrumental determined to prior extraction and/or detec- preparation difficulties, ple and numberof interferences the of expenses. occurrence concern should and technique, samples, the eachtechnique of of of throughput use limits, the losses tion with and are less likely measure Benefits they to biases. systematic possible same analytes their Therefore, to the techniques. due to analytical results theother prone of of be comparison to for used those are from sample; techniques and andnuclear different a insensitivity fundamentally within matrix X-ray theprinciples sample. and content of detections element of total matrix limit the spec- low the Atomic by very measure affected provide elements. to be the can used of complexes techniques be some these labile can of of in and accuracy however, state bound sensitive oxidation very ions the are with of techniques together analysis trometric provide ions with also free can or held they (potentiometry) commonly and solution can is (voltammetry), techniques in methods elements suitable ions Electrochemical trace free of methods. of either number nuclear measure determination the and The X-ray, below, spectrometry, sensitivity. For ul- and atomic analytical voltammetry, billion required atomization. potentiometry, per the flame parts to with of due spectrometry range, concentration concentration drops absorption million in atomic per present probably parts elements is in present tratrace technique are used that widely elements most trace the the For composition. elemental of ysis it analyzing time his spend to not advised ofan 1957 from words an accuracy Therefore, by itself. caused established. analysis always be by be can finally, should analysis per and, determination elemental parts analytical preparation, ultratrace the sample and in storage, trace elements sampling, trace during determine improper Errors below. to and taken range be concentration should aswell precautions billion contamination correct multiplied Therefore, sensitivity problems. gain ofanalytical other The as determination. of the accuracy of important. verification very and measure- required accurate is for contents need organisms; the of for Therefore, amount doses devices. low hazardous designed at of as ments properties essential change well dramatically as can be traces below1ppm. some might is elements and of mass fraction exists concentrations at term Ultralow technology. capabil- the elements detection though concerns of Even Ultratrace increase appeared. definition. rapid rigid elements with no ultratrace together is of or century, there atoms term 20th used, million new the were not commonly per a of parts techniques, half 100 analytical elements about second of ofthese than the ities less In lot de- of mg/kg. the concentration a 100 average with and than an term appeared having less the element presence of any ofcontent, their origin is about the [1] IUPAC knowledge levels caused by The and at low time. technology long analytical of a matrices velopment for different methods in analytical by occur detectable elements of lot A Introduction 1 Determination Element Trace for Techniques Analytical Ruszczy Anna / Bulska Ewa GRUYTER DE hscneti free. is content This Berlin/Boston. GmbH, Gruyter de Walter 2017 © Bulska Ewa DOI: h eemnto ftaeeeet n otmnnsi ope arcsotnrqie xesv sam- extensive requires often matrices complex in contaminants and elements trace of determination The anal- ultratrace and trace for allowing techniques analytical available of number large a Thiers are there and Nowadays, analysis meaningful the to key a is contaminating without sample representative a Collecting and contamination of control adequate the needs instrumentation sensitive extremely of use common The and industry, of science, fields various in important very is elements ultratrace and trace of knowledge The 10.1515/psr-2017-8002 stecrepnigauthor. corresponding the is – “ ,7 7, nestecmlt itr faygvnsml skonwt etit,teaayti well is analyst the certainty, with known is sample given any of history complete the unless – ]smls otnl,tedtriaino rc eashsbe are u yinduc- by out carried been has metals trace of determination the Routinely, samples. 9] ń ska ” 2 sawy pt date. to up always is [2] “ rc elements. trace hsclSine eiw.21;20178002 2017; Reviews. Sciences Physical ” rc lmn defined element Trace 1 ’ Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd rai oeue.Hwvr Nsne ob oiidwt pcfclgn oipoetepromneof to selectivity performance the in superior improve are to resins ligand chelating The [15]. a specific selectivity different and capacity with with sorbent functionalized the modified be increasing be can by CNTs sorbents to selectivity, improve To need CNTs sorbents. m However, 1,500 good molecules. to as 150 organic serving from tens range for to areas basis surface fractions a The from is micrometers. several diameters which have than CNTs bigger not attention. lengths of and lot nanometers a of attracted have (CNTs) membrane. silicagel,modified nanotubes shell carbon stability egg modified and cellulose, online preconcentration: materials, for carbon sorbent chosen nanoparticles, on the assorbents magnetic used resins, chelating be and depend resins, can commonlycoupled solvents, capacity chitosan hasbeen and organic materials affinity, selectivity, of (SPE) Different as SPE. consumption an SP extraction such for low parameters sampling cost, analytical techniques, its low The detection recovery, FAAS. or different with high valve with factor, injection combine system enrichment to the ability orpreconcentration high after the immediately the ionic separation placed to or The online complexed minicolumns Due their in loop. ligands. in packed elution retained specific material be an with and stable can by agents, functionalized requires analytes followed chelating or The sorbents, then of controlled. sorbents range and and on wide implemented (SP) of forms easily use phase also the solid adsorption is allows detector the it the FAAS eluents; on representing the to preconcen- based material solution preconcentration after appropriate the and obtained directing mL an step separation volumes 4 on and Online small analyte 2 22]. of between an [17, case volume of applied sample in a be (MIS) of might system need methods injection the trations microsample to Due a step. analysis, single FAAS drastic a for a microex- in liquid-phase by contaminants inorganic fiber achieved and hollow be organic microextraction, can single-drop liquid by dispersive methods volume and extraction tration, phase liquid extractant the of of Miniaturization reduction equipment. [16]. complex FAAS coupling with and for coupled ideal ditives CPE be of to The applications seems detector. are methodology AAS there CPE to though the the directed even in after AAS, is a obtained trapped electrothermal which phase and are with phase, surfactant-rich volume media surfactant-rich the such small the of in volume in a small present extracted of elements and conditions phase metallic core certain surfactant-rich micellar under of hydrophobic complexes a which micelles, Hydrophobic phases: form phase. two to aqueous into surfactants large of separate samples property concentration) for the and used on widely (temperature based is is solvent, CPE immiscible technique. water sam- AAS for a used to widely sample is aqueous solvent Liquid the immiscible [21]. water procedure a the to of sample prolongation ples aqueous much the from too of analyte Ni(II)- without determination transferring of for applied the use ways extraction successfully the For useful samples, be matrix. most food can sample in the agent Zn(II) the of and itation from one Pd(II), elements is (II), trace Pb and Fe(III), of ions Cu(II), separation Cr(III), metal as trace well of as preconcentration [13 copper, preconcentration materials the cadmium, the research for different lead, useful in ion of is zinc extraction, and analysis method solvent iron, cipitation trace palladium, con- like for gold, analyte methods tin, used the nickel, preconcentration frequently bring chromium, The were cobalt, to detector. coprecipitation and the results, and of analytical adsorption, lower range of exchange, to accuracy dynamic determination and the instrumental precision into to the prior centration improve required to metals beendeveloped limits, have of detection the traces procedures the for of Several interferences. sensitivity separation the matrix enough and have preconcentration from not samples for suffers various does and in instrumentation samples is wellknown di- directly analytical natural available of elements is elements analysis the trace formost spectrum cases determine the many to in of technique However, Methodology atoms. FAAS part 12]. by the the UV/Vis use the to absorbed allows in partially and where radiation and flame flame rela- Electromagnetic a the the into atoms. of introduced through constituent because is rected sample into ions a metal dissociated technique, trace is this of In it determination equipment. the of for inexpensiveness techniques and conventional simplicity tive most the of one is FAAS spectrometry absorption Atomic 2.1 techniques Spectroscopic of 2 content the decrease to diluted least at or matter organic the have destroy samples t 2 u otehg ufc ovlm ai,es eiaiainpoeue n nqetemladmechanical and thermal unique and procedures derivatization easy ratio, volume to surface high the to Due ad- chemical some least at require and consuming time are methods above-mentioned the Nevertheless, ’ rprto.Codpitetato CE,smlrt liquid to similar (CPE), extraction point Cloud preparation. usaadRuszczy and Bulska ń ska – iudmcoxrcin(LM loigfrsprto n rcnetainof preconcentration and separation for allowing (DLLM) microextraction liquid – iudetato,tasern nlt from analyte transferring extraction, liquid ’ α rprto n ope with coupled and preparation bnonoiea coprecip- a as oxime -benzoin – ’ 0.Tecopre- The 20]. aeil [10 materials EGRUYTER DE – liquid 2 /g, – Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd platform. The use of FF with Pd-Mg chemical modifier in the determination of Pb, As, and Cd duringdirect and As, Pb, of the determination in modifier chemical Pd-Mg the can with with compared which process FF atomizer volumes, this of this sample of use of advantage during additional range The provides because wider atomizer, platform. FF atomizer A graphite volume. FF the atomization into the introduced the be of from eliminated performance are improves species graphite molecular porous the high- through of background sample use Zeeman modifier. the of appropriate by combination an of a lines selection of analytical the application alternative with the of together background from by selection correction result or the ETAAS and antimony by (HR-CS) resolved source ofarsenic be resolution-continuum may thedetermination and in interferences spectral Problems [40]. [37 ineffective successfully was used samples samples, were liquid tungsten of case and In palladium [36]. tungsten-magnesium and vanadium-iridium, tungsten-vanadium, tube modifiers ruthenium, tungsten, total permanent vanadium-ruthenium, iridium, are several vanadium, the molybdenum-ruthenium, for molybdenum-iridium, There tube nesium, [35]. the modifiers of various region of recommended modifiers surface performance permanent the permanent as serve developed near could L vation ofthe treatment remaining metals the noble and the on electrodeposited repeating intercalation or that without demonstrated can by surface possible was modifiers steps tube It chemical graphite platform. and atomization But or the standards. thetube pyrolysis on or tothe sample deposit making applied and the metal modifier are after a nent or as with modifiers applied solution chemical also Usually, been the oftube be reduced. have to significantly adding changes corrosion be by and in-depth corrosion can furnace several the surface lifetime graphite to consequence, total Due a their compounds. As platform, different present. and to exposed are were tubes tubes when in observed agglomerate subsurface the in including Zee- andatomization modifiers, zone of evaporation chemical components, interfering with separated from and devices graphite determined formin be correction, chemical to mineralization background ofthe preliminary elements effect interferences: man of these separation reduce to sample, anddifferences or a eliminate to of values, used tools absorbance various and including on atomic are interferences solid There of elements. of types effect quantities various has matrix small FAAS, relatively However, to absorbance, similarly 34]. background technique, Fe, [33, The Cu, elements analyzed. Cd, be two may As, or samples Cr, one liquid Co, only Ca, to Al, apply (e.g., commonly elements ments [27 of concentrations Zn) low Pb, Ni, determining FAAS andETAAS[26]. Mn, for used typically techniques: forboth is FAAS CVG K. coupling the of on directly thus aresolutions trapping generation atomization, by online but atomization there direct the before though steps The with preconcentrated Even other atomizer. samples. easily compatible flame are of is various Analytes technique need for FAAS species. volatile the the applied of ETAAS, eliminates is systems to atomizer contrast system any In (CVG) sensitivity. to generation the compounds vapor improving volatile chemical the of magnitude[25]. a anorder of Au), by transfer Ag, Cu, increase sample Co, may the of Cd, ofmeasurements the time systems, residence FAAS thesensitivity longer standard much a aresult, a to As provides Comparing and burner flame. standard [24]. atomizer a the the placed to in to is capillary sample tube ceramic complete the a a via which introduces nebulized onto TS-FF is instrument, solution FAAS sample an Inthiscase a of tube, head nickel of sampleintroduction. a of theefficiency consisting TS-FF AAS improving of (TS-FF) flame-furnace thermospray of of preconcentration use and the separation for [19]. determination sorbent its selective of a sensitivity during as the generation detection acted smalldroplets FAAS enhancing processes Cr(VI) by promoting nebulization followed surfactant and and cationic aspiration technique with the modified sampling polymer CDs slurry polyethyleneimine Cr(VI). withbranched with on capped ma- employed coupled were CDs preconcentration extraction and particle separation water-soluble Novel as dispersed modes. SPE with offline in exchange, employed or anion be online interaction, can in electrostatic func- and terial of CDs structure consequence properties, physical chemical in or and analytes interaction, physical of chelate unique adsorption the the to facilitate Due can samples. strength, various tionalized in ionic Cr solution, determine the and of separate pH chemical the factors: ions, different metal by the affected of be kind [23]. and can matrix nature polymetric resins the or these group, of complexi ncmaio ihapafr,gaht Faoie rvdsices nsniiiy itaino atomized of Filtration sensitivity. in increase provides atomizer FF graphite platform, a with comparison In species various surface, its of porosity the to Due ETAAS. in material used commonly most the is Graphite upto3,000 reach which temperatures, atomization muchhigher of use the by FAAS from differs ETAAS Hg, Te, Sn, Sb, Se, Pb, Ge, Bi, (As, species volatiles or hydrides forming elements of determination the For and of instrumentation modification is analysis elemental for technique FAAS for solution interesting An to method sensitive and selective a be to out turned (CDs) dots carbon materials, carbon other Among “ itrfurnace filter – ol easa ela hi itrso esvltl eas aldu,mlbeu,mag- molybdenum, palladium, metals: volatile less of mixtures their as well as metals noble – 2 n a eapidwtottene ferirpeocnrto faaye.Measure- analytes. of preconcentration earlier of need the without applied be can and 32] ” F)aoie n L a and atomizer (FF) ’ o platform. vov – 9,wietedrc eemnto fatmn nsolid in antimony of determination direct the while 39], ’ o ltomatn saperma- a as acting platform vov usaadRuszczy and Bulska ’ ieie hsobser- This lifetime. s ń ska 3 Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd atrtcnqewsal ocrettehri on pcrlitreecst esnbeetn [46]. extent thatthe reasonable a to indicating interferences spectral similar, found can beconsidered herein source the line correct theresults to and able ETAAS was HR-CS correction, technique Comparing background latter slurry. the some effect as that fine- Zeeman nm, prepared verify presented samples with 217.001 samples to digested ETAAS the possible at since to interferences it line spectral similar made of sensitive background ETAAS presence most structured HR-CS the avoid of the not did use Using samples accurate The of determination. obtain digestion observed. to lead were possible interferences of PO was spectral which case and it background, unknown in NO fine-structured cases, selenium the corrected both for of completely In responsible case were [48]. was the molecules interferences in nitrogen-containing the and while back- correct Sulfur PO, structured results. to and were fine used NaCl interferences The were spectral from and the spectra obtained. obtained arsenic, recorded reference is spectrum of is case reference analyte In molecule a pure sample. each using interfering of of corrected composition the spectrum chemical a of the on and spectrum depends spectrum reference ground sample the the respon- Then, structured is from interference. that fine subtracted molecule spectral the struc- the eliminate identify the fine To to rotational for [46]. mandatory with is absorption sible it molecules analyte correction, diatomic the background of least-squares presence with spectra using the spectrally background detect the and to of temporally possible environ- storage coincide is spectral and it that the ETAAS, N) HR-CS ture of and of visibility use (S the the interferences With to spectral resolution. due errors. HR-CS high of interferences at these correction line analytical of background in Thebackground investigation the for of resulting allows ment spectrum. the same, that ofthemolecular tool is not a lines is field ETAAS monoxide the rotational magnetic phosphorus interference, of of with this presence and the to splitting without of and Due absorption because field nm observed. indi- 217.0 magnetic is highsignal at the samples lead a under of fertilizer determination (PO) in correction, the in lead background possibility for effect no interference is Zeeman there spectral with of ETAAS presence source the line cating of use the back- With efficient resolution. with analytes Together many [45 of [44]. analysis samples time the of to variety that applied great been resolution, at a has spectral it in monochromators required correction), to available background due least-square necessary the (like was corrector with CS ground of achieved instead not line spectral was of use which the Walsh, the [43]. by into platform 1955 introduced graphite in nique not the on is silicates matrix or sample residues the carbonaceous The use of ultrasound-assisted because of problems buildup these the avoid throughput. avoiding sample atomizer, the mentioning to worth lowers allow sus- and is can tubes sample it of of metals; procedure of injection extraction the life determination the reliable with shortens and ETAAS significantly rapid Even it the atomization. removalthat ensures of the furnace temperature facilitating graphite the and a analyte of into stabilizing increase pensions them) 400 the of highmelting by than some nitrates, matrix of higher the andmagnesium mixtures furnance of nickel or graphite carbides palladium, zirconium of metals: or (as temperature noble tungsten elements (e.g., of the modifiers ofvolatile in chemical of oxides analysis use ETAAS as the sampling. evaporate need or slurry which antimony), modifiers two-stage or either permanent arsenic used of sampling reliable concen- use solid and slurry by the samples medium, rapid with environmental suspension of atomization the homogeneity, size, Analyses analyte particle depth. ensures efficiency, volume, sample sampling furnace injected and the stirring the graphite tration, of in a control present strict into particles providing sampling of precipitates or number solid soils procedures with in dissolution metals method sample of ETAAS with determination associated The problems 42]. avoid to slurries 41, soils and and [34, preparation sediments, sample materials, simplify biological to of analysis order for in sampling used extensively solid been or has andatomization Slurry method matrix. ETAAS pyrolysis complex and optimized with the the particlesto by mixture of caused modifier structure absorption appropriate background an avoids the sizeand eventually of of temperatures on use materials the to cases, applied both be In isdependent minimiz- analyzed. can be dissolution sampling sampling sample Solid slurry the results. whereas analytical structures, eliminate physical the would different improving sam 4 RC A savlal oldet h iiiiyo h pcrlevrneto h nltclln thigh at line analytical the of environment spectral the of visibility the to due tool valuable a is AAS HR-CS tech- AAS of introduction the After AAS. of performance the improves that innovation an is AAS HR-CS which pretreatment, sample the is samples solid of analysis FAAS and ETAAS of disadvantage main The usaadRuszczy and Bulska ń ska – 47]. EGRUYTER DE ° C, Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd otmnto rbes(eoyefcs eoiin lgig rsm nefrne asdb ovnsor consumption. bysolvents sample caused low requiring micronebu- electrophoresis someinterferences also like or techniques are with there coupling clogging) sample, of deposition, of possibility effects, nanoliters 0.1 (memory or of micro- problems rate in contamination uptake determination solution element with trace available the nebu- lizers like ultrasonic to Due for nebulizers allows 72]. byhigh-efficiency which [71, vaporization, electrothermal is provided or 70] [69, efficiency lizers 0.5 introduction of sample rate intro- Higher uptake sample [68]. solution a liquid %) with different cyclonic) of and (doublepass, lot chamber pass, spray single a with are combined ormulti-microspray) There spray, sonic procedure. cross-flow, V-groove, (concentric, analytical whole that [65 samples the developed solid for systems of duction digestion stage previous important of very need a a is is there Therefore, nebulization. solution liquid is economical separated accord- ion cups. ions are separated Faraday The or instruments. photomultiplier SF In mass by analyzer, focusing detected double in are ratio flightbeams (TOFMS). energy-to-charge (QMS), or of quadrupole ratio time mass-to-charge analyzers: watermatrixand and their mass to into ing (SFMS), nebulized plasma field the plasma, argon sector the In focusing from torch. double extracted pos- itinto are into toICP transforming ionized Ions then nebulizer ions. and argon effective single-charged constituents, itively atomic with an with into dissociated molecules then transported evaporated, isnebulized are is compounds sample chemical liquid which the aerosol, the process, fine of a stage first in theliterature the At ICPMSdescribed useof the with [61 analysis materials theelemental available of easy widely Most concerns is [60]. range tasks different dynamic of wide variety ICPMS, a volume [52 sample biological and small clinical and in used improvesits determination, analytes isotopic for of sub- possibility techniques of level limits, andenrichment the from of separation detection use samples of liquid The limits in level ultratrace composition. and trace matrix the different at determination with multielemental routine in used widely is ICPMS spectrometry mass plasma coupled Inductively 2.3 case. this in investigated and optimized always as be rates, to flow the have eluent affecting method and factors the sample Various of eluent, 51]. accuracy preconcen- the [50, the effective of earlier as concentration an well volume, described ICPAES, sample analysis with FAAS as such in detection process like to preconcentration similarly prior required, Therefore, is levels. step element tration low compounds extremely H organic of of decomposing use analysis or the samples by of obtained ofCl pH be could the lowering This bevaporization sample. might and a sample, in elements a present matrix of of some viscosity the influence of the One decreasing ICPAES. reduce by determination to highvis- analytical reproducible solutions and and reproducible the sensitive, elements accurate, not of of matrix for in indispensable influence be result the must may sample of sample investigation of which the from cosity Therefore, constant, elements ofhigh-viscosity detection. not of matrix limit be In analysis higher by might or changed results sample influenced. is be of might ICP volume elements injection of is muchmore analytical solutions, and condition from derived the ofinterferences intensities Since lot signal a techniques. solution, AAS from suffers ICPAES the an than hand, other expensive the On detected range. and dynamic sample larger much the within element the detector. of semiconductor concentration a the or of photomultiplier element. indicative a particular is by a emission of in this characteristic repeatedly wavelengths of recombine ions. at intensity charged and radiation The into electrons electromagnetic down lose emit broken then atoms to Excited is which introduced plasma. atoms, and astheresult respective is the ions their sample charged into and the by up electrons While is generated break created particles. the plasma molecules charged Various with is stable the collides ICP A immediately and it coil. atoms The symmet- plasma, argon rotationally sample. neutral the inaparticular the radio-frequency a the of between in collisions flows present the field and analyte of magnetic field temper- of electromagnetic the high toward intense atomization very the pattern for to in rical used due ionized is plasma is This which of sensitivity. gas, K) high argon 8,000 with an elements provides to trace (ICPOES), (up of spectrometry atures determination emission optical the for plasma scope coupled inductively excellent as to referred also ICPAES, spectrometry emission atomic plasma coupled Inductively 2.2 GRUYTER DE mn ag ait fsml nrdcinssesdvlpdfrIPS h otcmo n most and common most the ICPMS, for developed systems introduction sample of variety large a Among technique. ICPAES the in as plasma argon of type same the in ionized is sample the technique, ICPMS the In suitable fordirect not technique this makes that ofdetections limit of the level is significance without Not a has and simultaneously elements many detect can it FAAS; to detection of limits similar has ICPAES Even – 7.Tems rqetyue o ieaie ape spemtcnebulizer pneumatic is samples mineralized for used frequently most The 67]. – 4,fo 5,5]evrnetl elgcl nutilaayi [57 analysis industrial geological, environmental, 56] [55, food 54], – 3,btagetnme eog lot h iie ape [64]. samples limited the to also belongs number great a but 63], μ / vnt u-gL u oteecletsniiiy o detection low sensitivity, excellent the to Due sub-pg/L. to even g/L μ /i,wihi ra datg eas frdcinof reduction of because advantage great a is which L/min, – 2 Lmnadvr o rnpr fiiny(1 efficiency transport low very and mL/min 2 SO nsitu in 4 fm ramn [49]. treatment -fume apepeaainadpreconcentration and preparation sample usaadRuszczy and Bulska − n CO and – 9,adin and 59], ń ska 3 2 − ions, – 20 5 Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd 6 1: Table 1). (Table methodology quantification dilution of isotopic source an with the ICPMS are an of matrix limitations junction complexed of lot [85 with a analyzers Samples have mass analyzers high-resolution system. quadrupole with ICPMS used, systems commonly the the resolution to in low compared measurements the used of to (RSD) analyzer 82 Due precision mass [62, interferences. as many used well of frequently as kind is (LODs) sample limits the the detection addition of is achieved standard dilution the standard, simply for internal or important system, Extremely an collision introduction 84]. interferences, sample of physical of use some choice the overcome the by method, to [77], order sample conditions In appropriate plasma interferences. blanks, cold and [78 of [76], technology subtraction correction choose cell the mathematical the reaction by by of or simply elements, use overcome multi-isotopic the be of [75], can case preparation This in 74]. atomic isotope [73, from noninterfered interferences suffers of multielemental it and though isobaric even information, molecular isotopic and and analysis, multielemental throughput, detections, seawater and Freshwater water Tap water River fluids Body fluids Body Water Vinegar samples fat oil, Vegetable beers alcoholic Juices, lemonade juice, yoghurt, kefir, milk, beer, Wine, seawater juices, Fruit liver nail), (hair, biological Water, samples) (water Environmental cantaloupe) beans, green nectarine, grape, (apple, Fruit effluent industrial groundwater, water, Tap od natural Food, Sample waters oeo h otrpaal n cuaeaayia esrmnsahee oa r hnst h con- the to thanks are today achieved measurements analytical accurate and repeatable most the of Some of limit low very sensitivity, advantages: of lot a has technique ICPMS the expenses, high very the Besides usaadRuszczy and Bulska vriwo nltclpromneo eetdtcnqe sdfrtaeeeet determination. elements trace for used techniques selected of performance analytical of Overview Ir(III) Stripping As(III) Hg Cu, As, Pb, V Pb, Ni, Mn, Hg, Cr, Co, Cd, Be, Al, V Al, Ni, Cr, uteeetlSEICPAES SPE Multielemental Cd Zn Cd, Cu, Pb, As, Mn, Sn(IV) Cd As, Pb, Cu Zn(II) (VI) Cr Cu(II) DLLM Pb(II) Cr(VI), dI) Zn(II) Pd(II), Pb(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), Cr(III), Analyte ń ska – 1,o yteueo ihrslto assetoeesta eov elements resolve that spectrometers mass high-resolution of use the by or 81], voltammetry stripping adsorptive Catalytic voltammetry diamond stripping Boron-doped voltammetry ICPMS SF ICPAES H ETAAS ETAAS FF FAAS CPE FF-ETAAS TS-FFAAS resign Chelating FAAS injection Flow FAAS CD FAAS CNTs Functionalized MIS-FAAS FAAS Coprecipitation Technique 2 SO 4 fume 0.002 1.5 0.07 0.001 1 0.01 0.004 4 0.33 0.1 0.15 2.2 0.21 0.65 0.037 0.1 O [ LOD – – 2 0.8 – – – – 2.0 5.3 0.4 – 0.39 – 0.05 0.054 μ L g − – 1 88]. ] 6 <4 2 1 1.2 4.56 1 1.07 3 2.1 3 2.7 <1.2 2.8 3 <5 S [%] RSD – – – – 12 5 8 6 – – – 2.2 – 6.2 6 2.33 [117] [22] [111] [113] [61] [49] [50] [28] [16] [27] [25] [23] [19] [15] [32] [20] Ref EGRUYTER DE – Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd r w rnia ehd o rc detection. trace for techniques methods polarographic principal using two voltammetry stripping are and (ISEs) electrodes ion-selective using Potentiometry techniques Electrochemical 3 100 and sample 10 no between or resolution little feature spatial needs Asignificant it high fact, interferences. the spectral In is andreduced preparation. decomposition LA sample throughput wet during of sample avoids contamination good a very ICPMS of risk LA offers the and [99]. preparation as surfaces well solid as sample on a isotopes of radioactive and stable strategies. of calibration dilution determination isotope different anal- using quantitative samples time-effective powdered and in precise, elements accurate, trace an allows of ICPMS ysis LA standard with calibration, combination [96 external in standards com- There method, matched spectrometry areseveral to standard matrix capabilities data. internal or are dilution, the obtainquantitative isotope them provide to addition, among to order ICPMS; has in LA ICPMS for and standards LA strategies calibration of samples calibration among the differences Therefore, these pensate plasma. wavelength. the thelaser lead totheformation of in process independence might ization process sizes theLA different of of particles spherical character molten transport thermal aerosolde- The and composition, ofthe agglomerates chemical the its size of ICP. in of wavelength, because The aerosol decomposition Laser generated and 96]. LAprocess. the efficiency the [95, of distribution samples size during of particle fractionation variety the influence wide terminates size the spot for and power, materials duration, reference pulse adequate of lack depth persistent or the Volumeofablation analysis signal[94]. profile. surface of the mainly signal for and andgeometries allowing the dispersion efficiency stream volumes transport gas mainly overall internal the affects a different influence cell of with sizes formed sample aid cells the the the ablation on and Different with depending ablated materials. is plasma material studied the the of to Then, in analysis tech- environment. placed introduced is ambient This sample is the application. the First, aerosol from (LA) beam. it laser ablation dry focus isolating laser of cell use the the ablation by to special material due sample a of system ablation ICPMS surface on an based is with nique possible is sampling solid Direct ICPMS ablation Laser 2.4 welldocumented is IDMS 93]. [92, concentration element analysis. the of elemental influence for no total value and for final achieved been the has on The spike sensitivity the tracer. instrumental and percentage isotope sample the low the enriched the between equilibration in highly isotope are complete and once ICPMS tor sample ID by the determined in isotope concentrations 89 changed element [72, those range trace measuring to the by compared of mixing accuracy mixture precise concentrations and spike after known precision in performed sample interest is the of determination in element The the ratios sample. of the tracers isotope to more isotopes enriched added or two two of are or mea- with determination One of elements material. the method for sample quantification primary in any absolute a in applied of as possibility is regarded the is provides ICPMS ICPMS which by ID technique, surements. ratios (ID) isotope isotope-dilution the accurate by and concentrations precise element measuring of capability The MS) (ID-ICP spectrometry mass plasma coupled inductively dilution Isotopic 2.3.1 GRUYTER DE o uueapiain steaayi fasnl elo atcewt neetn plctosi ieadmaterial and life in applications interesting ICPMS with LA particle of or cell task single challenging a The of science. [104]. analysis samples the biological is and applications future clinical for in mainly is materials, technique various the [100 in of samples bution character unique microdestructive of This case picograms. in of uptake important sample low very with lasers, tosecond Atmospheric filters AIPSi eoigoeo h otipratdrc nltcltcnqe o h ai n sensitive and rapid the for techniques analytical direct important most the of one becoming is ICPMS LA orintheion- plasma, to aerosol transport during process, theablation in beinduced may effects Matrix and effects fractionation the to due mainly analyses quantitative for accepted completely not is ICPMS LA – 1.Ohravnae fteIM ehiu r one ftepeocnrto rdlto fac- dilution or preconcentration the of need no are technique IDMS the of advantages Other 91]. uteeetlTXRF Multielemental – 0] AIPShsbe sdt rdc mgso lmn distri- element of images produce to used been has ICPMS LA 103]. 0.0003 μ o aoeodlsr n eo 1 below and lasers nanosecond for m – 8.Adtoal,teueo stp iuinmass dilution isotope of use the Additionally, 98]. – 0.009 – usaadRuszczy and Bulska [123] μ o fem- for m ń ska 7 Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd ilmn eeto fA,C,P,adH a efre ntepeec foye ydfeeta us an- time[113]. pulse the measurement differential by anddecreased performed mul- oxygen to of stripping The of us allowed oxidized. presence use which the electrode, or the simplified microwire in reduced that vibrating deoxygenation gold performed are without of analysis was metals use Hg the where and with range voltammetry Pb, stripping potential odic Cu, narrow As, the of in detection bubbles. occur tielement hydrogen the can the block removing which in not peaks, help did Hz ping hydrogen 200 that at Vibrations in [118]. resulted <1) a which (pH using conditions conditions, of acidic stagnate gold mild procedure or at in conditioning electrode stirred made electrochemical of signals simple instead stripping a procedure per- electrode smooth applying Asimple vibrate and after analysis obtained was metal working electrode. potentials at the electrode trace deposition microwire reproducible high and produced relatively sensitive, the hydrogen to measure- aplatinum of reliable, on conditions 10 forming only effects acidic deposited interfering film after in gold the cleaned limited a of and using is because by polished voltammetry successful be more Stripping been to electrode. has side needs electrode wire the disk wire on the gold placed regard, hy- The disk this avoid hydrogen. old In To ments. the of conditions. with removal acidic developed were the was in conditions electrode facilitate reducible such rotating to only a in the is electrode, measure the and increases which to blocking As(V), made bubbles reproducibility, of been drogen have the determination that the affects attempts toward surface, few directed hydro- very electrode mostly The The the electrode. voltammograms. auxiliary blocks the the it of at working noise as produced the are problematic at de- oxidants formed is this and is at generation hydrogen protons reduced conditions, gen of be acidic reduction can in electrolysis, the that used by the is element surface During potential other electrode sample. deposition any low water with stripping a together the If the electrode in potential. working during present position the generated metal at current reduced the into The is of sweep. back analyte concentration potential metal the the anodic accumulated to an previously proportional applying the directly of removing firstis means step This the limits. time, striping by detection a with low solution very by increases the achieving followed accumulation allows is which require The preconcentration sample, will electrode. the of in concentrations the step element element on an long Low of or material concentration as solution. enough (anodic with be in buildup not process can analyte to faradic phase of step by preconcentration concentration accumulation either This the long period process. on certain 117] depending [116, a required, (adsorptive) during as nonfaradic electrode or working 115] increasethe to the [110, agent of cathodic) surface the ofachelating/complexing at use used [114]. mulated or been have complexing different surface aim, the electrode this have With of limit. methods, detection stripping modification electrodes,gold including gold the studies, modified on voltammetric Many focused microelectrodes, electrodes. orplatinum, screen-printed graphite and carbon, nanoparticles, on glassy films electrodes, disk 8 orgoldelectrodes example, of itstoxic for silver electrodes, and because nonmercurial beavoided antimony, some bismuth, of should diamond, use that doped the electrode [111 boron by film film, substituted mercury polymer was of electropolymerized use electrode the common Mercury and problem The the salts. instrumentation [110]. to operation the soluble and due instrumentation of basic is for portability costs occurs low is as that well mentioned as analysis be different rapid in should perform elements to metal that ability trace advantage detect to Another ability states. the and oxidation sensitivity, high limits, electrode and detection low improved remarkably case, from Inthis of since thecomposition the sample. results. from by calibration better provide vary can ischallenging the may design ions solutions of materials calibration filling robust of interfering and and solutions technique materials, calibration effect this ion-selective the the of new aspects of of nonideal use elimination the the design, The solution; in electrode system. in ISE special bi- ions by the interfering eliminated of Possible of response be solution. presence sub-Nernstian can dilute or the super-Nernstian from infinitely the and an from concentration come from low measurements response ISE potentiometric in existing extrapolated ases the with intercepts ion, [105 samples biological and environmental in limits, analysis metal detection trace like lower application improved of significantly range the detectors broadening for electrophoresis miniaturization ionophores, capillary plasma. new and sensing, chromatography, or polyion liquid electrodes, Na blood reference example, new in arrays, for sensor concentrations ions, of developments electrolyte relevant clinically of important measurement most the H the for for a available chemistry as are clinical described Electrodes in ideally years is many measured. device be for to the ions of target the potential of equilibrium activity the The of conditions. function Nernstian current zero under monitored + oto h oetoercdvcshdlmt fdtcin ntemcooa ag,btnmru new numerous but range, micromolar the in detections of limits had devices potentiometric the of Most . eemnto fmr hnoemtluigsrpigaayi sdfiutdet h osblt of overlap- the possibility to due difficult is analysis stripping using metal one than more of Determination accu- is analyte the where step electrolysis/deposition An steps. two of consists voltammetry Stripping tipn otmer sapwru nltcltcnqefrtaemtldtcin t nqeescomes uniqueness Its detection. metal trace for technique analytical powerful a is voltammetry Stripping for thetarget response, Nernstian the extrapolated which at the activity as defined is ISEs for LOD The applied been have and matrixes complex in ions of determination selective the for sensors chemical are ISEs are voltage equilibrium the in changes which in devices electrochemical passive are sensors Potentiometric – 1] odeetoe ndfeetfrshv enue odtc ev easb tipn analysis:solid stripping by metals heavy detect to used been have forms different in electrodes Gold 113]. usaadRuszczy and Bulska ń ska + K , + Cl , − Ca , EGRUYTER DE 2+ – and , 109]. Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd ambient air filters for a range of elements. a range for filters air ambient few are LODs typical and % 0.1 than is better the ofXRFmeasurements and is instrument precision the XRF of the Typical Theprecision sensitivity radiation, matrix. the incident on sample g/cm the detector. depend the the LODs of of The of photons. energy level detected efficiency the background (XRF) the on the of fluorescence statistics depends X-ray and the XRF is by used, of limited technique instrument sensitivity used the The commonly of elements. A geometry all [122]. for analyze matter trace environmental to for particulate and used used samples, airborne widely forensic been as samples, have archaeological such methods X-ray cements, insensitivity, samples steels, matrix materials, and geological detections in of analysis limit low very its to Due X-ray uses Techniques 4.1 analysis trace for used techniques Other 4 the enhance 121]. assays [120, and systems schemes analytical (precon- detection microscale new elements for of functional detectors coupling electrochemical additional the of and of power platform, integration microchip electrodes, single the modified a schemes, new on derivatization centration) of novel introduction to of instrumentation The control development systems. the the microanalytical of limited portable integration of truly range on-chip a self-contained allows to route produce broadened be electrochemical might The application samples. but capabilities, of solutions availability typical Detection to requirement. similar are sample accuracy reducing and significantly precision, developed solid- featuring been devices have Microfluidic microelectrodes been electrodes. dedicated has state of voltammetry development in the samples, reduction available and limitedly size miniaturization to Sample by extension achieved time. the analysis ensure and would consumption size reagent sample Reducing reducing mL. concurrently 119]. 10 least 117, at 116, is [114, which mercury size, its the in the reduction dissolved increases not the electrode is of on metal layer measurements the complex because subsequent monomolecular measurement a accumu- and voltammetric of and of electrode formation formation sensitivity low The mercury the complex. working with on accumulated the compounds, based the is on of intermetallic method peak complex form the metal to metals, a trace tendency difficulties of For strong main Ni). lation a (e.g., the avoids electrode with for procedure mercury metals by on This as with solubility electrode scan. well working analysis voltammetric as the the stripping samples to on anodic water prior adsorbed of estuarial process is and nonelectrolytic analyte seawater a the like of voltammetry, means matrices stripping adsorptive saline In for studies. useful speciation very samples. real are in and levels levels expected tration their to compared high however, these interferences; very from were most tested Zn indifferent the metals and interfering thatsuffered Sb, of Ni, concentrations theelement Mn, was Fe, Cr, Arsenic Cd, proper- interferences. Al, seawater significant any of the to effects in 1.0 similar Possible optimum objects. found from found research was was concentrations of M additionally range 0.5 and the NaCl sensitivities, raised with which M and allowingmaking ties, 0.1 shape, the results, HCl resolution, of of peak use The of reproducible time. terms and deposition andreproducibility stable short small very very a thesensitivity a with in determination improved resulted which electrode microwire thickness, gold layer a diffusion with vibrator a of combination The GRUYTER DE sotnb en fti-imsadrso sn udmna hsclprmtr ncnucinwithan inconjunction parameters physical fundamental ofng/cm or using LODs curve. standards efficiency thin-film determined of experimentally the to means by of compared lack often significant The is are matrices. that all in errors valid systematic curve large analyzed. calibration to being a amounts leads and low methods very standard calibration internal these as singleelement, in itself, ofa robustness sample the theaddition in by present is performed not Quantification techniques. [123]. above-mentioned ofmagnitude the orders to conversely by several with TXRF pg/m 2 pgmaybedetected them (SR), 0.03 lower even sources will even to radiation fluxes limits synchrotron photon detection Using intense and lowering s. more for 1,000 of allows LODs of excitation time sample in improved counting for a beam polychromatic with result elements levels of background variety low a for The reflected. totally is and ept ayavnae feetohmcldtcin hr sagetlmtto nsml hogptand throughput sample in limitation great a is there detection, electrochemical of advantages many Despite concen- picomolar the to voltammetry stripping of limits detection lower further can processes Adsorptive -a msinmyb nue yhaycagdprils(atceidcdXryeiso) Calibration emission). X-ray (particle-induced particles charged heavy by induced be may matrixeffects emission X-ray low for is areason that and film thin of form a in be to need samples techniques, these For thecriticalangle less than at sample the on isincident radiation theincoming (TXRF), XRF reflection total In 2 o atclt aeilfrawd ag felements. of range wide a for material particulate for μ / o1,000 to g/L μ / n1.0 on g/L μ / famxueo s u g n bddntcause not did Pb and Hg, Cu, As, of mixture a of g/L 2 aebe lie o atclt aeilon material particulate for claimed been have usaadRuszczy and Bulska 3 n h use the and ń ska 9 Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd 1]PujvdM,AaihM osfiS,Jml R eaeM osiiM,ShtA.Suyo ounSEwt yteie graphene synthesized with SPE column on Study AA. Sehat MH, Hosseini M, Rezaee MR, Jamali SR, Yousefi M, dispersive Arabieh after MR, FAAS Pourjavid by [18] samples environmental in palladium and gold of Determination M. Sacmaci S, Kartal S, Chem. Sacmci Food C, preconcentration. Ozdemir and [17] separation after FAAS by beverages canned some in Sn total of Determination sorbent N. selective Altunay a R, as Gurkan nanotubes [16] carbon modified Novel M. Amini M, Kasaeian A, Khalilzadeh A, Aliakbari H, Ebrahimzadeh M, Rezvani Res Water [15] detectors. spectrometry atomic with cadmium of determination for systems sorption-based On-line K. Kilian K, Pyrzynska [14] Fer- AS, Souza FAC, Amorin M, Bezerra Almeida De WNL, Santos dos MLSF, Bandeira VA, Lemons DS, Jesus de JB, Radioanal Andrade J De INAA. MGA, and Korn FAAS [13] using dust conditioner air in metals heavy of Determination MM.Tufail M. Chaudhry A, Ra- Majid J FAAS. N, and Sidique INAA [12] by study a complications: cardiovascular of consequences and levels zinc and Blood-cooper vitamin S. Waheed with S, supplements Rahman of [11] safety and adequacy elements: trace of source as supplements Calcium re- N. a Siddique S, techniques: Rahman spectroscopic S, by Waheed elements [10] earth rare of Determination R, Sitko A. Kita M, Polowniak B, Feist K, Pytlakowska B, Zawisza [9] Plackett of Application A. Hedhili F, Hellal J beverages. M, Ati-Hellal and El foods materials, [8] biological and Clinical update. 177 spectrometry 28, Atomic 2013, M. Spectrom White At M, Anal Patriarca J M, analysis. Day Environmental S, update. Branch spectrometry A, Taylor Atomic [7] CM. Davidson J, Cook WRL, Cairns O, Butler [6] errors: non-instrumental and instrumental of presence the in detection of P. Limit Pastore A, Tapparo A, emission Mondin optical I, Lavagnini plasma D, coupled Badocco inductively [5] flow gas Low W. Buscher U, Karst M, Sperling A, by Scheffer people M, celiac Holtkamp for M, food Gesell gluten-free S, Nowak in [4] elements trace of Determination F. Gaudio Di C, Lino S, Barreca M, Raso Pub- D, Interscience V, Amorello Volume S, Analysis. Orecchio Biochemical [3] of Methods ed. D, Glick In: control. its and analysis trace in Contamination RE. Thiers [2] (the ed. 2nd Terminology, Chemical of Compendium IUPAC. [1] References 978 isbn (2017), Gruyter De Analytics. Trace Inorganic Bulska, Matusiewicz, 11 in: available also is article This Acknowledgment that feature. also valuable form is a element method is the the objects necessary; of unique not isotope characteristic is of the sample are case radioactive of in and and the radiation which of detector neutron emitting nondestructive, decomposition suitable the the produced INAA, a In between be by produced. may reaction measured were half-lives they be nuclear characteristic method may a with the that of radionuclides separation, energies interest, result chemical varying of prior a element without As the out (INAA). of carried NAA is instrumental measurement called the is When largely sample. and the nature activate in to nondestructive determination. is formultielemental preparation, sample and allows no matrix, or sample little the very by requires unaffected produced It use ofradionuclides element. by target a determination quantitative from and identification the to refers analysis Activation analysis Activation 4.2 10 and preconcentration for dots carbon capped polyethyleneimine of Synthesis XQ. Chen SM, Chen X-S, Zhang HP, Li Wei Y, Li J, Hu Y, Liu [19] – xd dFA o eemnto ftaeaon fC(I n iI)in nra ape.MtrSiEgC21,4,114 47, 2015, C Eng Sci Mater samples. real in ions Ni(II) and Co(II) of amount trace of determination for FAAS ad oxide 4059 20, 2014, Chem Eng Ind J pretreatment. microextraction liquid-liquid 102 177, 2559 2015, 37, 2014, Sci Sep J samples. fruit in ion copper trace of determination and preconcentration for 2839 41, 2007, Talanta review. A techniques: spectrometric using 16 lead 69, of 2006, determination the for procedures preconcentration and Separation SLC. reira 219 292, 2012, Chem Nucl 657 287, 2011, Chem Nucl dioanal 134 89, 2014, Isot Radiat Appl formulations. phosphate and D vitamin C, 2373 26, 2011, Spectrom Atomic Anal J view. 95 47, 2014, Biochem Clin spectrometry. absorption atomic electrothermal with 595 23, 2008, Spectrom At Anal Spectrochim technique. ICP-MS by levels trace at elements 41 178 of 107, analysis 2015, the B to Part application Acta and error of sources possible the of study 575 129, 2014, Talanta digestion. microwave after samples food of analysis the for spectrometry 163 116, 2014, J Microchem ICP-MS. 273 1957, York, New Inc., lishers doi:10.1351/goldbook. 0-9678550-9-8. ISBN Jenkins. A. by 2006 piled http://goldbook.iupac.org version: corrected on-line XML 1997, Oxford Publications, entific 037194 and irradiate to used are neutrons which in variant common most the is (NAA) analysis activation Neutron lrysmln nlsso rc hoimi niomna ae ape.Tlna21,14 16 134, 2015, Talanta samples. water environmental in chromium trace of analysis sampling slurry usaadRuszczy and Bulska – 9. – 24. – – 10. 51. ń ska – – 84. 27. – – 646. 337. – – 64. 72. – 90. – umnadDelr ein o piiaino eeimaayi nplasma in analysis selenium of optimization for designs Doehlert and Burman “ odBook Gold ” – .Cmie yAD cagtadWlisnA lcwl Sci- Blackwell A, Wilkinson and McNaught A.D. by Compiled ). 40. – 65. – 100. – 8. – – 04 ia ,Kst ;udtscom- updates B; Kosata J, Jirat 2014, 23. – 65. – 22. EGRUYTER DE – 216. – 3 – Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd 4]Bce-osH lrkS etanU bevto,ietfiainadcreto fsrcue oeua akrudb en fcon- of means by background molecular structured of correction and identification Observation, U. Heitmann atomic S, electrothermal Florek by H, Becker-Ross rice [48] in cadmium of Determination SLC. Ferreira GD, Matos LA, Portugal LOB, Silva MMS, Junior DB, Silva da [47] the in interferences spectral of Investigation JB. Andrade de MB, Dessuy B, Welz MGR, Vale A, Jesus de LL, Francois EM, Becker AR, Borges [46] source resolution-continuum high of P. Application Bermejo-Barrera M, Aboal-Somoza MR, spec- Dominguez-Gonzalez absorption B, Paz-Rodriguez molecular [45] and atomic source continuum resolution High H. Becker-Ross M, Orkuss M, Vale E, Carasek S, Mores Welz, [44] as- microwave and sampling slurry extraction, ultrasound-assisted of Comparison MGR. Vale MM, Silva FJ, Krug Jr, sedi- F and Barbosa sludge EC, sewage Lima soils, [43] in Sb and As of determination direct the for modifiers W/Mg(NO3)2 of using Utilization spectrometry M. P, Zemberyova absorption Torok electrothermal [42] by slurries soil and sediment in arsenic of Determination FJ, Krug EC, Lima F, determination Barbosa direct [41] the for modifiers chemical of Study D. P, Prada Lopez-Mahia S, Muniategui JM, Andrade A, Carlosena MJ, Cal-Prieto [40] Pia M, Wojciechowski [39] Pyrzy M, Piascik [38] Spectrochim spectrometry. absorption atomic electrothermal in modifiers metal group platinum of efficiency Comparative AB. Volynsky [37] Pia [36] spec- absorption atomic electrothermal in modification Permanent R. Georgieva AD, Ulivo L, Lampugnani injec- VO, Slaveykova the DL, with Tsalev spectrometry [35] absorption atomic electrothermal by soils in arsenic of determination the spec- of absorption features atomic Specific MYu. furnace Burylin graphite [34] by water waste in osmium of Determination T. Mizuno S, Kaneco K, Otha AAS. M, ET Miyada T, using Suzuki samples vinegar [33] Brazilian in cadmium of determination for strategies Analytical SL. Ferreira DJ, Leao LO, Silva MM, Junior [32] into steps spectrometry: absorption atomic electrothermal multi-element simultaneous source continuum resolution Low D. Katskov [31] by legumes toxic and nutrients of Study A. Busamongko S, Laoharojanaphand S, Jittinadana S, Srianujata K, Judprasong M, Parengam [30] Graphite M. Arabadji A, Chebotarev A, Zhuravlev A, Zacharia [29] arsenic, of determination spectrometry absorption atomic Direct A, Dobrynin M, Arabadji A, Chebotarev S, Gucer A, Zacharia serum Zhuravlev, in [28] spectrometry absorption atomic atomization electrothermal by aluminum of Determination S. Shahzad M, Ahmed ideal MA, the Qadir towards [27] way the On spectrometry. fluorescence atomic and absorption atomic for compounds volatile deter- of and Atomization enrichment J. copper Dina for [26] system flow continuous on-line An RE. Santelli AC, Costa thermo- Spinola by BC, milk Moreira bovine VA, Lemos and SLC, juices Ferreira fruit [25] in Zn and Cu of determination Direct HA. Nobrega ARA, Nogueira MAZ, Arruda CC, and Nascentes biological water, [24] from zinc of preconcentration/determination On-line C. Soykan A, Sahan A, flame Ulgen system S, microsampling Sahan S, by Tokaliglu Pb(II) S, and Yilmaz Cr(VI) [23] of determination Ultratrace HM. Naseer MI, Khan HI, Afridi L, Elci by TG, samples Kazi environmental JA, and Baig food [22] in metals some of determination the for procedure coprecipitation A S. Kartal S, Sacmaci coprecipitation C, with Ozdemir ions [21] Cr(III) and Fe(III) Zn(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), of preconcentration and Separation M. Tuzen M, Karatas D, Mendil [20] GRUYTER DE 4]OtuN sioT iuaH aaaK aaaT netgto o nltclpoeuefrdtriaino rc ealcin in ions metallic trace of determination for procedure analytical for Investigation T. Hanawa K, Takada H, Kimura T, Ashino N, Ohtsu [49] iumsuc AAS source tinuum 2495 3, 2011, Methods Anal modifier. permanent as aluminum using spectrometry absorption absorption 213 atomic 101, furnace 2014, graphite B source Part continuum Acta high-resolution Spectrochim using spectrometry. samples limestone and fertilizers in lead of determination 492 170, 2015, Chem Food tisanes. and tea in absorption atomic flame trometry absorption atomic 995 electrothermal 15, by 2000, samples Spectrom sediment At and Anal biological J in spectrometry. determination lead and copper cadmium, for digestion sisted 291 65, 2010, B Part Acta Spectrochim spectrometry. absorption atomic electrothermal sampling solid by ments 2079 125, 2000, Analyst modifier. 93 permanent 21, W-Rh 2000, Spectrosc At compensation. D2 with sampling-ETAAS slurry ultrasonic by sediments and soils in antimony of 235 50, 2005, Anal 1799 59, 2004, B Part Acta 1615 56, 2001, B Part Acta Spectrochim spectrometry. absorption atomic electrothermal by acids mineral of presence trometry 39 70, 2015, Chem Anal J suspensions. of tion 259 129, 1998, Acta Microchim trometry. 209 160, 2014, Chem Food 25 105, 2015, B Part Acta Spectrochim practice. 23, 2010, Anal Compos Food J spectrophotometry. absorption 340 atomic furnace graphite and analysis activation neutron instrumental Anal Compos Food J atomizer. furnace filter graphite with samples 62 fat 38, and 2015, oil vegetable in zinc and lead manganese, copper, cadmium, 147 48, 2015, Lett Anal toxicity. hemodialysis characterize to 846 62, 2007, B Part Acta Spectrochim atomizer. 259 403, 2000, Acta Chim Anal spectroscopy. absorption atomic flame by mination 912 64, 2004, Talanta spectrometry. absorption atomic 85 furnace 27, flame spray 2013, Biol Med Elem Trace J spectrometry. absorption atomic flame and resin chelating synthesized 1 using 629495, samples ID: food 2013, Chem Methods Anal J effluents. industrial untreated and treated and water drinking in spectroscopy atomic 3977 5, 2013, Methods Anal spectroscopy. absorption atomic 320 flame 177, 2015, Chem Food samples. water and food in determination their and element carrier without method iuae oyfud yidcieyculdpam tmceiso pcrmty ae c ae e 07 8 429 18, 2007, Med Mater Sci Mater J spectrometry. emission atomic plasma coupled inductively by fluids body simulated 99 16, 2001, Spectrom At Anal J samples. biological in trometry 668 8, 2015, Methods Anal Food spectrometry. absorption atomic electrothermal using foods of sis ś – i ,Blk .Promneo lcrdpstdnbemtl spraetmdfir o h eemnto fcdimi the in cadmium of determination the for modifiers permanent as metals noble electrodeposited of Performance E. Bulska M, cik 5. – – eiw plSetocRv21,4,327 45, 2010, Rev Spectrosc Appl review. A 473 55, 2000, B Part Acta Spectrochim reality. and anticipation advances, – 8. ń k ,Blk .Dtriaino eeimi ua rn yeetohra tmcasrto pcrmty Chem spectrometry. absorption atomic electrothermal by urine human in selenium of Determination E. Bulska K, ska – 247. – eemnto fslnu n rei nhmnuie nlA pcrm20,1,137 15, 2000, Spectrom At Anal J urine. human in arsenic and selenium of determination ś i ,Blk .Nbemtl oiesfratmn eemnto ygaht unc tmcasrto spec- absorption atomic furnace graphite by determination antimony for modifiers metals Noble E. Bulska M, cik – – 821. 13. – 63. – 43. – – 37. – 1000. 72. – – 83. – 19. 54. – 53. “ – itrFurnance Filter 101. – 83. – 500. – 17. ” tmzrwt dM hmclmdfirfrdrc analy- direct for modifier chemical Pd-Mg with atomizer – – 64. 90. – 500. – 77. usaadRuszczy and Bulska – – 41. – 24. 6. – 23. – – 33. 99. ń – ska 90. – 8. 11 Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd 8]BrnvV,Tne D yai ecincl o nutvl ope lsams pcrmty(C-R-S.Pr .Terf-field The 1. (ICP-DRC-MS). Part spectrometry mass plasma coupled inductively for cell reaction dynamic A SD. Tanner VI, interfer- Baranov isobaric [80] resolving for devices multipole in processes collisional and chemistry Reaction SD. Tanner VI, Baranov DR, Bandura reac- [79] ion-molecule using ICP-MS, in interferences isobaric of Elimination SD. Tanner VI, Baranov DR, Bandura FF, Vanhaecke Spec- LJ, At Moens Anal [78] J spectrometry. mass plasma cold coupled inductively in suppression matrix and hydrofluoric ionization of and Characterization nitric SD. in Tanner materials [77] reference standard grain and plant of digestion Microwave A. Wittmeier injec- A, flow Wharmby by S, materials Wu biological X, of Feng analysis [76] the in interferences of removal On-line M. Baxter H, Crews PJ, Worsfold AS, Fisher L, possi- Ebdon spectrometry: [75] mass plasma couples inductively by profile isotopic mercury of Determination 150 E. 19, Bulska 1998, A, Spectrosc Krata At ICP-MS. M, Wojciechowski in interferences [74] polyatomic of table isotope A ETV-ICP-MS RH. with using Wiedmeyer TW, serum May and [73] water in selenium of analysis Accurate CSJ. Briche Wolff B, Firman EH, Evans SJ, Hill J, Turner spec- [72] mass plasma coupled inductively vaporization electrothermal by samples biological in lead nebu- of ultrasonic determination an Direct Y. using Okamoto serum [71] human in zirconium and titanium of determination ICP-MS MA, Wimmer M, Reich S, Koelling J, Kunze [70] oil crude of combustion Microwave-induced EMM. Flores TCO, Fonseca RA, Guarnieri RCL, Guimaraes PA, Mello LSF, Pereira JSF, Pereira [69] in elements selected and uranium of Determination Polkowska-Motrenko H. J, Chwastowska M, Pyszynska I, Bartosiewicz Chajduk, [68] Anal Trends spectrochemistry. plasma coupled inductively through microsamples 243 liquid of 24, analysis 2005, Elemental Chem JM. Anal Trends Mermet spectrometry. 419 JL, atomic Todoli 42, by [67] 2007, liquids Spectrom in Mass analysis J ultratrace tool. and Trace versatile JS. a Becker (ICPMS): [66] spectrometry mass plasma selenium, coupled on Inductively isomers AA, CLA Ammann dietary [65] of Effect L. Leng KM, Niedzwiedzka K, Boldizarova spec- E, mass Bulska plasma A, coupled Ruszczynska inductively J, using Kowalczyk milk M, Czauderna breast [64] in analysis element trace and Minor M. Zheng D, Chen S, Lin M, Hang L, Yang monitor [63] to procedures microwave-digestion High-throughput N. Violante O, Senofonte C, Pirola F, Petrucci G, Forte A, Alimonti B, Bocca [62] induc- filed sector by elements trace of Quantification O. Senofonte G, Forte G, Sancesario N, Violante F, tasks. Petrucci different A, of Alimonti variety B, a Bocca for [61] tool versatile a spectrometry: mass plasma a coupled using Inductively catalysts J. auto Kobler in M, Guecheva Rh W, and Devos Pt Ch, Pd, Moor of [60] analysis the for method accuracy high a of development The and T. Catterick peat R, in Hearn elements LS, earth Simpson rare [59] of determination the on procedures digestion of Influence W. Shotyk H, Emons C, 1999, Mohl Spectrom M, At Krachler Anal [58] J ICP-MS. nebulization ultrasonic using waters fresh in determination REE Direct O. Yoffe inductively I, by Segal wine L, in Halicz ratios [57] isotope strontium the of determination Precise R. Lobinski B, Medina S, Guilfoyle K, Robinson J M, review. Barbaste A [56] food: in species elemental and elements of determination the for spectrometry plasma-mass coupled Inductively F. Cubadda [55] Ruszczy A, Wilkowska reduces A, tobacco Barabasz in [54] expression HMA4 DM. Antosiewicz E, LWilliams E, Bulska A, Ruszczynska M, 309 Kendziorek 359, A, 1997, Barabasz Chem O, Anal Siemianowski J [53] Fresenius materials. biological of analysis element trace the in spectrometry mass of Applications L. Moens [52] of P. Evaluation Bermejo-Barrera A, P, Moreda-Pineiro Herbello-Hermello R, Dominguez-Gonzalez MC, Barciela-Alonso N, Garcia-Otero [51] 50W-x8 Dowex using sample water in multi-elements trace of Preconcentration B. Moodley TAM, Msagati JC, Ngila PN, Nomngongo [50] 12 J ablation. laser and aerosols dry for cell reaction dynamic a with ICP-MS an of capabilities and Characteristics D. Gunther B, Hattendorf [81] nrycnrbto ntemdnmco o-oeueratos nlA pcrm19,1,1133 14, 1999, Spectrom At Anal J reactions. ion-molecule of thermodynamic in contribution energy 454 370, 2001, Chem Anal J Fesenius ICP-MS. 991 in 16, ences 2001, Spectrom At Anal J study. case a rocks, magmatic of determination age Rb/Sr chemistry: tion 905 10, 1995, 939 trom 14, 1999, Spectrom At Anal J spectrometry. mass plasma coupled inductively by determination multi-elemental for acids 691 8, 1993, Spectrom At Anal J spectrometry. mass plasma coupled inductively tion 797 53, 2008, Warsaw Anal Chem limitations. and bilities 743 15, 2000, Spectrom At Anal J dilution. 300 367, 2000, Chem Anal J Fresenius furnace. boat cuvette-tungsten sample the in furnace-fusion (ETV-ICP-MS) after trometry 164 19, 1998, Spectrosc At membrane. desolvator with lizer 8 844, 2014, Acta Chim USN-ICP-MS. Anal by determination elements earth rare further for 1913 295, 2013, Chem Nucl Radioanal J ICP-MS. by sandstones and shales dictyonema Polish 107 24, 2005, Chem 529 14, 2005, Sci Feed Anim J liver. rat in levels calcium and magnesium chromium, copper, zinc, 85 142, 2003, Acta 65 Microchim 337, (ICP-MS). 2003, trometry Chem Bioanal Anal spectrometry. mass plasma coupled inductively of means by fluids body in elements neurotoxic Parkinson with patients 559 of 2004, fluid B cerebrospinal Part and Acta blood trochim serum, urine, in spectrometry mass plasma coupled tively 159 366, 2000, Chem Anal J Fresenius 1244 19, 2004, Spectrom At Anal J ICP-MS. multi-collector 17(8),844 2002, Spectrom At Anal USN-ICP-MS. J by samples plant 14(10),1579 135 17, 2002, Spectrom At Anal (ICP-SF-MC-MS).J spectrometry mass multicollector field sector plasma coupled 87(1),173 2004, Int AOAC 315 145, 2012, Plant Physiol P1B-ATPase. expressing plants tomato 1125 63, 2014, Bot Exp J barrier. apoplastic the of induction the to due accumulation Cd 16. 51 119, 2015, J Microchem protein. plankton marine in spectroscopy analysis emission metal optical trace plasma for coupled inductively and spectroscopy absorption atomic electrothermal electrophoresis, offgel Earth Chem Phys spectrometry. emission atomic 83 plasma coupled 66, inductively 2013, using determination their to prior resins Chelex-100 and nlA pcrm20,1,1125 15, 2000, Spectrom At Anal usaadRuszczy and Bulska – – 81. 88. – 21. – 116. ń – ska 204. – 66 – 1131. ń k ,Blk ,HnkneM zryM rmrU noiwc M ea epneo transgenic of response Metal DM. Antosiewicz U, Kramer M, Czarny M, Hanikenne E, Bulska A, ska – 164. – 746. – 88120. – 470. – – 808. – 51. 7. – – 31. 51. – 7. – 5. – 39. – – 14. 19. – 32. – 5. – 1142. – – 4. 54. – 7. ’ ies.Spec- disease. s – 427. EGRUYTER DE – 46. – 5. – 70. – Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd 12 vniiT,St ,Mkd ,FjsiaA iaaY lcrceia eeto fasnc(I)uigiiimipatdboron-doped iridium-implanted using (III) arsenic of detection Electrochemical Y. Einaga A, Fujishima Y, Makide R, thiadazole Sato electropolymerized TA, with Ivandini modified [112] electrode an using Cd(II) and Pb(II) of determination of Simultaneous tissues L. liver Wang and H, Lui gill muscle, C, the Zhao in [111] Zn) and Cd (Cu, elements trace of Analysis M. Cheraghi A, Farmany L, Tayebi S, Sbhanardakani Anal [110] membranes. ion-selective Pb2+ current-polarized with limits detection 613 Picomolar 65, E. 2005, Lindner Talanta review. K, A Toth potentiometry: RE, Gyurcsanyi stripping E, by Pergel arsenic mem- [109] of ion-selective speciation across and fluxes Analysis ionic S. of Palmero evidence E, Direct Munoz E. [108] Lindner I, 11 Bitter 393, K, Toth 1999, BT, Acta Lan Chim Thu Anal I, trends. Kapui new R, and Nagy limits E, current Pergel sensors: RE, Gyurcsanyi Ion [107] E. Pretsch A, Lewenstam D, Diamond E, Bakker [106] and chromoionophores pH fluorescent with optode ion-exchange sodium-selective Miniature R. Kopelman E, Bakker M, Shortreed [105] elements trace of spectrometry mass Bioimaging B. Wu A, Matush JS, Becker [104] in spectrometry plasma-mass laser-ablation-inductively-couples of Applications C. Garcia-Ruiz K. MT, Janssens Roldan K, CG, Nys Galvez E, FA, Bulska Orellana B, [103] Wagner A, Nowak F, Vanhaecke I, Deconinck A, Izmer O, Schalm V, Linden der P, Van Cosyns S, Cagno [102] Choi K, Rozum O, Syta [101] Garbo B, Wagner spectrometry [100] mass plasma coupled inductively ablation laser of applications environmental and biological Recent refer- NI. archeological Ward SF, corning Durrant of [99] composition elemental the of assessment Critical D. Günther K, Hametner E, Bulska A, spectrome- Nowak mass B, Wagner plasma [98] coupled inductively ablation laser of applications the of Review MAG. Nunes VL, Dressler GL, Sheffler Pozebon, for [97] techniques spectrometric mass inorganic as SIMS LA-ICP-MS and GD-MS, of revision repetition Critical D, and Gunther fluence, B, laser Fernandez size, J, spot Pisonero of [96] role MS: ICP ablation laser Ultrafast A. Hassanein RE, Russo SS, Harilal JJ, Gonzalez PK, Diwakar 41 [95] 11, 1992, Rev Spectrom Mass J elements, B, the Wagner of [94] (IDMS) spectrometry mass Dilution 169 Isotope 15, KG. 1994, Heumann Chem [93] Anal Instrum Tech spectrometry. mass P, Isotope-dilution Bievre de [92] refer- geochemical of analysis elements earth rare MC-ICP-MS dilution Isotope JA. Baker TE, Waight DW, Anal Peate J B, spectrometry. Jacobsen mass AJR, plasma Kent coupled [91] inductively dilution isotope by flour rice in elements trace of Determination JK. Suh CJ, by Park serum [90] human in zinc copper, iron, of determination Accurate A. iso- Sanz-Medel lead JI, of Alonso determination Garcia the JM, Marchante-Gayon of C, accuracy Sariego-Muniz the [89] of Evaluation R. Lobinski FC, Adams H, Emteborg B, Medina A, Galy L, Halicz spectrome- M, mass Barbaste plasma [88] coupled inductively resolution high by blood whole of analysis Multielement S. Branth F, Odman I, Rodushkin [87] multicollector focusing, double quadrupole, between comparison A PJ. Turner S, Main A, Sanz-Medel JI, Alonzo Garcia J, Encinar Ruiz [86] spectrometry, absorption atomic electrothermal of Comparison A. Sanz-Medel JI, Alonso Garcia JM, Marchante-Gayon effi- C, Sariego-Muniz high [85] injection direct using spectrometry mass plasma coupled inductively in effects interference Non-spectral W. ele- Krech trace E, of Bjorn determination [84] multi-element the for procedure a of Development N. Jakubowksi A, Bohlen with Von analysis R, multi-element Brandt of MM, aspects Castinera quality-control [83] and Practical W. Beld den van H, Staden van S, Piso R, Ritsema JLM, Boer de [82] GRUYTER DE 13 le M,MglasJC,Slu ,vndrBr M,Sae MM iutnoseetohmcldtriaino rei,cop- arsenic, of determination electrochemical Simultaneous HMVM. Soares CMG, Berg der P, van Salaun JMCS, Magalhaes GMS, Alves [113] imn lcrds nlCe 06 8 6291 78, 2006, Chem Anal electrodes. diamond 3586 4, 2012, Methods Anal film. 6607 184, 2013, Assess Monit Environ voltammetry. stripping anodic using species fish some 4249 73, 2001, Chem 2104 73, 2001, Chem Anal study. potentiometric and microscopic electrochemical scanning a branes: 2656 68, 1996, Chem Anal range. dynamic tunable 1 835, 2014, Acta Chim Anal 1 42, 2013, Chem Anal Trends evidence. forensic of analysis 10.4081/4964. chemical DOI: 1. 2013, Archaeometry J Open glass. Roman black-appearing of collection large a of data Composition 54, 1999, B Part Acta Spectrochim spectrometry. mass plasma 797 coupled inductively ablation laser and spectrometry absorption atomic 821 20, 2005, Spectrom At Anal (LA-ICP-MS). J 1667 402, 2012, Chem Bioanal LA-ICP-MS. Anal by glasses ence 2204 29, 2014, Spectrom At Anal J samples. biological of analysis the to try 1145 24, 2009, Spectrometry Atomic Analytical of Journal analysis, solid direct 339 29, 2014, Spectrom At Anal J fractionation. elemental and intensity signal in Geostand AGV-2. and AGV-1 W-2, WS-E, JB-2, BCR-2G, BHVO-2, BHVO-2G, 28(3),417 614, 2004, SRM Res NIST Geoanal 612, SRM NIST 610, SRM NIST materials ence 573 12, 1997, Spectrom At 14(9),1505 1999, Spectrom At Anal J ICP-MS. focusing double using analysis 307 dilution 54, isotope 2001, Talanta analyzers. time-of-flight and sector magnetic multicollector quadrupole, using MS ICP by wine in ratios tope 364(4),338 1999, Chem Anal J Fresenius try. At Anal J dilution. isotope by matrices biological in 322 lead 16, of 2001, determination Spectrom the in uncertainty combined total of Evaluation II. Part ICP-MS. 283 13, 1998, Spectrom At Anal J serum. human spec- in mass aluminium plasma of coupled determination inductively the field for sector trometry double-focusing and spectrometry mass plasma coupled inductively quadrupole 4 16, 2001, Spectrom At Anal J nebulisation. microconcentric and ciency 553 370, 2001, Chem Anal J Fresenius ICP-MS. by wine in ments 872 379, 2004, Chem Bioanal Anal blood. whole and urine to attention special with ICP-MS quadrupole e,la n ecr nuplue rs aesuigavbaiggl irwr lcrd.Aa hmAt 01 0,1 703, 2011, Acta Chim Anal electrode. microwire gold vibrating a using waters fresh unpolluted in mercury and lead per, 140 spec- 101, Raman 2014, and B Part spectrometry Acta mass Spectrochim plasma troscopy. coupled inductively ablation laser spectrometry, fluorescence X-ray by wall-paintings – 804. ę rlW pnalto elfrL-IPM netgtoso itrcojcs nlA pcrm21,2,2058 26, 2011, Spectrom At Anal J objects. historic of investigations ICP-MS LA- for cell ablation Open W. dral ś ,Blk ,HlnciA eemnto fio n opri l aucit ysur apiggaht furnace graphite sampling slurry by manuscripts old in copper and iron of Determination A. Hulanicki E, Bulska S, – 53. – ń 6. k ,Zieli M, ska – 577. – – 18. 29. – 92. ń k D, ska – Ż 46. kwk ,Kjwk ,Wge .Aayia rcdr o hrceiaino medieval of characterization for procedure Analytical B. Wagner A, Kijowska Z, ukowska – 9. – – 8. 148. – 62. – – 1677. 558. – 33. – 11. – 28. – – 60. – eetavneadapiain fL-C-S review. LA-ICP-MS: A of applications and advance recent 46. – 183. – – 10. 6611. – 7. – 111. – 880. usaadRuszczy and Bulska – 67. – 20. – – 18. – 7. 63. ń ska – 17. 13 Automatically generated rough PDF by ProofCheck from River Valley Technologies Ltd 13 asmt ,Smbc M ee A acmnoV.Amshrcpriuaeaayi ysnhornrdainttlrfeto (SR- reflection total radiation synchrotron by analysis particulate Atmospheric VF. Nascimento CA, Perez SM, life Simabuco the E, in Matsumoto elements [123] trace of study the for tool valuable a (BioXAS): spectroscopy absorption X-ray Biological MC. Feiters RW, Strange sam- twenty-fold [122] with speciation and analysis element Ultratrace voltammetry: in Miniaturization S. Caprara 223 LM, 56, Laglera 2002, Talanta D, review. Monticelli A [121] systems: analytical microscale for detection Electrochemical opti- J. Wang and [120] designing to approach efficient An E. Espaa-Bellido F, Yousfi El M, Stitou Garcia-Vargas M, stripping MD, Galindo-Riano by A, elements Aouarram trace [119] of detection the in frontier new wave: hydrogen the Beyond CMG. Berg den van K, P, Gibbon-Walsh Salaun [118] sea-water. and fresh- to Application (III). iridium ultra-trace of determination voltammetric samples stripping botanical Catalytic-adsorptive in C. aluminum Locatelli of [117] Determination NE. Souza de JC, Garcia EM, Nogami EE, Garcia AT, Paulino of MTF, analysis Souza simultaneous de LB, trace Santos ultra [116] the for matrix sol-gel in embedded polymer imprinted dual-ion A A. Verma D, Jauhari BB, electrode Prasad carbon [115] glassy a on (III) antimony of determination voltammetric stropping anodic Adsorptive Y. Dilgin HI, Gokcel HV, Sezgin [114] 14 XF.XRySeto 02 1 136 31, 2002, Spectrom X-Ray TXRF). 609 18, 2008, Biol Struct Opin Curr sciences. 273 128, 2014, Talanta reduction. size ple 1749 82, 2010, Talanta seawater. in AdCSV by Ni(II) of analysis the mizing 3848 83, 2011, Chem Anal voltammetry. 546 85, 2011, Talanta 50 112, 2014, J Microchem complex. Al-8-hydroxyquinoline as voltammetry stripping cathodic adsorptive by 398 120, 2014, Talanta copper. and cadmium 686 209, 2015, Chem B Actuators Sens receptor. chemical new a as rivastigine using usaadRuszczy and Bulska – 50. ń ska – 14. – – 56. 7. – – 16. 407. – 56. – 94. – 31. – 5. EGRUYTER DE