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Fare and Ticketing Systems in Europe 1

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Fare and Ticketing Systems in Europe 1 Fare and Ticketing Systems in Europe 1 Fare and Ticketing Systems in Europe 2 YTV Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council, Opastinsilta 6 A 00520 Helsinki, Finland tel. exch. +3589 15 611 fax +3589 1561 369 http://www.ytv.fi Further information: Pirkko Lento, tel. +3589 1561 637 [email protected] Cover picture: WSP Finland Helsinki 2008 3 Introduction The Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council’s travel card system will be replaced by 2014. In conjunc- tion with this work the need to renew the fare and ticketing system will be evaluated. A preliminary study on renewing the fare and ticketing system was completed in October 2006. To complement the preliminary study, this follow-up study consists of an overview of the fare and ticketing systems used in other, mostly European, cities. The eleven European cities chosen for this study were Barcelona, Amsterdam, Zürich, Stuttgart, Vienna, Manchester and London as well as the Nordic cities of Stockholm, Malmö, Gothenburg, Oslo and Copenhagen. Of these cities Vienna, Barcelona, Stockholm, Oslo and Copenhagen are so called BEST cities, which monitor the quality of their respective public transport systems in co- operation. In addition to the European cities, Singapore was also included in the study as it uses a distance based fare system for both bus and rail transport. The structure and characteristics of the fare and ticketing system of each city was studied. The report is divided into chapters for each city. Every chapter begins with basic information con- cerning the city such as the number of inhabitants, surface area and population density. The cur- rently used fare and ticketing systems are described to the same extent as they are explained to ordinary passengers on the Internet pages of, for example, the parties responsible for providing transport services. However, to prevent the study from becoming a mere listing, the marginal ticket products or the most insignificant details of the fare systems have been left out. 24/48 hour tickets or other tickets offered for tourists that, in addition to the transport services, include also other benefits to Museums or similar kinds of places are not dealt with in this study. However, the espe- cially interesting bonus services offered by some cities in connection with tickets have been shortly presented (E.G. Barcelona). A central part of the work has been a written interview sent to the experts of each city, where the experts were asked to analyze the advantages and weak sides of the fare and ticketing systems of their city from different viewpoints. The answers of each city are presented in the end of each chap- ter. In the same connection the recently made or planned significant reforms of the fare and ticket- ing systems are presented. The final report was drawn in such way that it is as similar as possible for each city thus enabling comparisons. The report includes a summary and conclusion section, where the advantages and weaknesses of different systems have been analyzed. At the same time the grades awarded to the cities belonging to the BEST network based on, for example, the price/quality ratio of the transport services were analyzed. This study was drafted by M.Sc. Kerkko Vanhanen from the WSP Finland. The study was men- tored by Head of Unit, Pirkko Lento, YTV Passenger Services Unit. 5 Abstract page Published by: YTV Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council Author: Date of publication 27.02.2008 Title of publication: Fare and Ticketing Systems in Europe Financed by / Commissioned by: YTV Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council Abstract: The Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council’s travel card system will be replaced by 2014. In conjunc- tion with this work the need to renew the fare and ticketing system will be evaluated. A preliminary study on renewing the fare and ticketing system was completed in October 2006. This study con- sists of an overview of fare and ticketing systems used in other, mostly European, cities and is in- tended to complement the preliminary study. The eleven European cities chosen for this study were Barcelona, Amsterdam, Zürich, Stuttgart, Vienna, Manchester and London as well as the Nordic cities of Stockholm, Malmö, Gothenburg, Oslo and Copenhagen. Of these cities Vienna, Geneva, Barcelona, Stockholm, Oslo and Copen- hagen are so called BEST cities, which monitor the quality of their respective public transport sys- tems in cooperation. In addition to the European cities, Singapore was also included in the study as it uses a distance based fare system for both bus and rail transport. The structure and characteris- tics of the fare and ticketing system of each city was studied. The report is divided into chapters for each city. Every chapter begins with basic information con- cerning the city such as the number of inhabitants, surface area and population density. A zone based system surrounding specific central city is clearly the most common fare system. In some city regions the central city is one flat fare zone, in other regions the zone divisions are denser. According to the interviews made for this study a zone based system is not perfect from a usability viewpoint if the amount of ticket types and fare discount groups is simultaneously large and the size of the central zone is small. The discount possibilities attached to a system with small zones may not be noticed by the passengers. The goals of affordable travel and perceived affordability by the passengers are not met in practice, if the passengers unknowingly pay more than they need to. A few cities are transitioning from a zone based system to distance based pricing. This requires the adoption of check in – check out technology. Almost every city that has recently transitioned from tickets specific to transit modes or operators to an integrated ticketing system considered the change to be a vast improvement. For instance the new fare and ticketing system introduced in Barcelona in 2001 is one of city’s most important public transport improvements in recent years. Discount policies vary from city to city as do the age limits attached to discounts. Some cities de- termine discount groups purely according to the age of the passenger, while other cities also in- clude socioeconomic factors in their discount policies. A wide range of special tickets exists in different cities. A few cities offer reduced price season tick- ets, which encourage off peak travel. It is also possible to add membership of a carsharing system to a season ticket. Keywords: fare system, ticketing system, zone Publication Series title and number: YTV:n julkaisuja X/2008 ISBN (nid.) ISSN: Pages: 77 Language: English ISBN (pdf) YTV Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council, Box 521 00521 Helsinki, phone +358 9 156 11, fax +358 9 156 1369 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...........................................................................................11 1.1 The Studied Cities ...........................................................................................................11 1.2 Zone Systems ..................................................................................................................14 1.3 Distance Based Systems..................................................................................................14 1.4 The Amount and Validity of Ticket Types ..........................................................................14 1.5 Discounts and Special Tickets ..........................................................................................14 1.6 Special Features...............................................................................................................15 1.7 BEST Comparisons: Does the Ticket Value Correspond to Its Price?................................15 1.8 Conclusions......................................................................................................................16 2 DEFINITIONS OF THE USED TERMS ....................................................................................18 2.1 Basic Charge Unit............................................................................................................18 2.2 Check in - check out........................................................................................................18 3 AMSTERDAM...........................................................................................................................19 3.1 General............................................................................................................................19 3.2 Fare System ....................................................................................................................19 3.3 Tickets and Payment for Journeys..................................................................................20 3.3.1 Single, Value and Multi-tickets ...........................................................................20 3.3.2 One or Several Day Passes ...............................................................................21 3.3.3 Season Tickets ...................................................................................................21 3.3.4 Discount Groups and Special Tickets ................................................................22 3.3.5 Travel Card.........................................................................................................22 3.4 New Development Projects .............................................................................................22 3.5 Interview ..........................................................................................................................23
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