"Divergent Total Synthesis of (-)-Rhazinilam, (-)-Leucomidine B and (+)-Leuconodine F" and "Synthetic Studies Towards Sarpagine-Related Indoles"

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"Divergent Total Synthesis of (-)-Rhazinilam, (-)-Leucomidine B and (+)-Leuconodine F" and "Synthetic Studies Towards Sarpagine-Related Indoles" THÈSE NO 8156 (2017) PRÉSENTÉE LE 10 NOVEMBRE 2017 À LA FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES DE BASE LABORATOIRE DE SYNTHÈSE ET PRODUITS NATURELS PROGRAMME DOCTORAL EN CHIMIE ET GÉNIE CHIMIQUE ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE POUR L'OBTENTION DU GRADE DE DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES PAR Dylan Jean Robert DAGONEAU acceptée sur proposition du jury: Prof. N. Cramer, président du jury Prof. J. Zhu, directeur de thèse Prof. S. Clark, rapporteur Dr V. Ratovelomanana-Vidal, rapporteuse Prof. J. Waser, rapporteur Suisse 2017 À mon père. ‘’Il n'y a pas de problèmes ; il n'y a que des solutions. L'esprit de l'homme invente ensuite le problème. Il voit des problèmes partout.’’ André GIDE Acknowledgement First of all, I would like to thank all the members of the jury; Prof. Cramer, Prof. Clark, Dr. Ratovelomanana-Vidal and Prof. Waser; for accepting and taking the time to review the manuscript of my thesis and also for being present at my private defense. I want then to express my gratitude to Jieping for having given me the opportunity to complete my PhD among his group. It has been a fantastic experience to train and improve my skills on total synthesis and I thank you for allowing me to work on this field during the whole four years. I also appreciated your patience, your availability to discuss about chemistry and most of all your valuable advices and ideas in order to always move forward in the project. I cannot thank Jieping without thanking his partner Qian who was always available to answer any question we may have, either for a practical or a theoretical matter. In addition, thanks to her eagled eyes, she can spot any mistake we may have done in our experimental part and along the way I tried to develop the same rigour. Next, I would like to thank all the members of the group who bring a dynamic and pleasant working atmosphere, starting with my lab-mates of the 5418. I am particularly grateful to Olivier and Zhengren who accompanied me during my first days and for their various advices that I kept during all my PhD. Of course, I thank Omar, Shuo and Xu for their kindness and calm and Magic Raph for, in contrast, his craziness and magic tricks which spiced up our days. Concerning the current and former PhD’s of our group; Antonin, Nico, Tu, Cyril, Balázs, Mathias, JB, Thomas, Claire and Viktoria; I would like to thank them all for their presence on a daily basis. Our discussions during the lunch and/or the coffee break about everything and nothing (mainly stupid things…) were great opportunities to put the chemistry problems we faced aside for a short period of time. I really enjoyed the time we spent together, both inside and outside the lab, and I believe we will have similar moments in the future. You are more than just colleagues, you are my friends. I wish to the newcomers; Alexandre, Bastien and Teerawat; all the best in their PhD and some nice babyfoot games. I also have to thank all the other post-docs that I didn’t mention before; Weiwu, Sheng-Cai, Hua, Qiu, Bo, Yang, Wangqing and Guang; for their hard-work and passion for chemistry which promote an inherent dynamic working atmosphere. I have to mention of course our temporary neighbors of the GBF group, particularly Solène, François, Raph le Mytho and Luca who are also great friends to hang out with. I have plenty of good memories with them (Edinburgh, Rocket League, etc.) and, like I mentioned before, I hope to spend additional time with you after the PhD. To continue, I would like to thank all the past and present members of the LCSA and LCSO groups for their sympathy but not only. I appreciated the time we had during the group outings and MOM events, but more importantly during the following aperos and barbecues. I also would like to express my gratitude to all the staff of ISIC including our lab secretary, NMR and HRMS services, BCH-magasin's team, to EPFL and to FNS (Fonds National Suisse) for providing me with unique working conditions and necessary financial support throughout my doctoral work. J’aimerais par la suite remercier les amis qui m’ont accompagnés durant l’ENSICAEN et qui ont tous connus la joie d’une thèse en chimie organique: Alexis et Erwann. En compagnie d’Antonin, on a eu l’occasion de se réunir à plusieurs reprises pour nous mettre à jour dans nos vies et pour discuter de nos thèses. Mais c’était surtout l’opportunité de voir qu’aucun d’entre eux, d’un point de vue personnel, n’avaient changé: les deux sudistes sont toujours aussi grande bouche, ce qui donne lieu à des conversations toujours aussi hautes en couleurs. J’en profite pour faire un petit coucou à Maëva et au petit Damian. En continuant dans la même lignée, je voudrais remercier Quentin, Elise et Maël, mes amis les plus proches, avec Antonin, de la période de l’IUT du Mans. Dus aux chemins respectifs que nous avons pris chacun, on a eu que très peu d’occasions de se réunir tous ensemble mais ça a été toujours un grand plaisir de vous revoir et de passer du temps avec vous. J’espère que l’on continuera à se retrouver au fil des années. Pour ceux qui ont pris la peine de lire l’intégralité de ces remerciements, ils auront peut-être remarqué qu’Antonin est mentionné à trois reprises. En effet, à l’heure où j’écris ces lignes, cela fait neuf ans que l’on se connait tous les deux et que l’on se suit. On a parcouru l’intégralité de l’IUT, de l’ENSI et de la thèse au sein du LSPN ensemble. Un long périple qui semble malheureusement touché à sa fin avec pour la première fois un changement de parcours. Malgré mon esprit moins social, nous avons tout de même passé d’excellents moments à fêter, voyager, geeker et discuter mais aussi à réviser et travailler ensemble. Je voudrais donc te remercier pour tous ces souvenirs qui se sont cumulés au fil de ces neuf années. J’aimerais ensuite remercier tous mes vieux amis du lycée: Sylvain, David, Florent, Martin, Paul, Romain, Anna, Adeline, Mathilde et Pauline pour leur soutien tout au long de la thèse. C’était toujours un plaisir et un coup de boost au moral de tous vous revoir lors de mon retour dans le Perche ou lorsque je vous hébergeais en Suisse pour vous faire découvrir les magnifiques paysages qui encadrés mon travail de thèse. J’en profite au passage pour faire un clin d’œil au petit Gaston dont je suis le fier parrain. Bien sûr en parlant de soutien, je ne peux que remercier ma famille d’avoir toujours été présente pour moi: ma mère Anita, mon beau père Jean-Luc, ma petite sœur Manon, mes frères Mehdi et Jo et leur compagne respective Caroline et Angélique. Je n’oublie bien sûr pas deux petits êtres qui me sont très chers, mon neveu Enzo et ma nièce Mila, qui grandissent bien trop vite mais avec qui j’apprécie jouer au foot ou à un, deux, trois, soleil. Le meilleur étant toujours pour la fin, j’aimerais remercier ma tendre aimée Sara qui a su me supporter au jour le jour, même dans les périodes les plus sombres de la thèse. Tu es une personne en qui je peux compter et avec qui j’aime par-dessus tout passer du temps. Nos «grandes» vacances à Tenerife, au Japon et aux Etats-Unis ainsi que notre road-trip en Europe, sans oublier nos plus petits voyages (Londres, Copenhague, etc.), ont été de fabuleux moments en ta compagnie et une vraie aide au moral. Mais ce qui m’a été le plus précieux a été ton soutien au quotidien avec toujours pour objectif de me pousser vers le haut. Je ne pourrais pas être où j’en suis aujourd’hui sans toi. Nous avons déjà parcouru six merveilleuses années ensemble et je ne peux que me réjouir de passer les suivantes à tes côtés. Abstract The work presented in this thesis focuses on the synthesis of monoterpene indole alkaloids. The first part describes the divergent total synthesis of (-)-rhazinilam, (-)-leucomidine B and (+)-leuconodine F, three structurally distinct natural products of the Aspidosperma family. The key step involves the heteroannulation of an advanced tetrahydropyridine with bromoacetaldehyde or oxalyl chloride in order to afford the corresponding tetrahydroindolizine and 2,3-dioxopyrrole moieties, respectively. By fine tuning of the reaction conditions, the former was converted into rhazinilam while the latter led to the syntheses of leucomidine B and leuconodine F. In the case of leucomidine B, the development of a substrate-directed diastereoselective reduction of a sterically unbiased double bond is also discussed. The second part details the synthetic studies towards various members of the Sarpagan family. After the exploration of several strategies and indoles alkaloids, the enantioselective total synthesis of N(1)-demethyl-3,5-diepi-alstolactone was accomplished. This synthesis features three key points: 1) the incorporation of a vinyl ketone function in the C-2 position of indole by using the Liebeskind-Srogl coupling in order to afford, after ring-closing metathesis, an advanced eight-membered cyclic enone, 2) a highly diastereoselective intramolecular Michael addition and 3) the formation of an azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane bridged system from the corresponding eight-membered ring via a dehydration / transannular cyclization process.
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