DOCSLIB.ORG

Die Theologische Lehre Von Der Unsterblichen Seele Vor Dem Hintergrund Der Diskussion in Den Neurowissenschaften

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Die Theologische Lehre Von Der Unsterblichen Seele Vor Dem Hintergrund Der Diskussion in Den Neurowissenschaften Die theologische Lehre von der unsterblichen Seele vor dem Hintergrund der Diskussion in den Neurowissenschaften Von der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Techni- schen Hochschule Aachen zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Gerhard Scheyda Berichter: Prof. Dr. U. Lüke Prof. Dr. J. Meyer zu Schlochtern Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 23.04.2014 Diese Dissertation ist auf den Internetseiten der Hochschiulbibliothek on- line verfügbar. 1 1 Bestandsaufnahme einer christlichen Seelekonzeption …………………………………………………………..9 1.1 Die Verwendung und der Gebrauch des Begriffs Seele im Alltag ………………………………………………………………..9 1.2 Etymologische Ableitung des Wortes Seele ........................... 10 1.3 Der Beginn der Leib-Seele-Problematisierung in der christlichen Antike 12 1.3.1 Justin der Märtyrer contra Plato ...................................... 12 1.3.2 Bibeltheologische Implikationen bei Tatian ................... 13 1.3.3 Der Antignostiker Irenäus ............................................... 14 1.3.4 Der Karthager Tertullian ................................................. 14 1.3.5 Der christliche Literat Laktanz ....................................... 15 1.3.6 Der Kirchenvater Klemens von Alexandrien .................. 16 1.3.7 Origenes .......................................................................... 17 1.4 Die Rezeption der antiken-spätantiken philosophischen Konzepte durch den hl. Augustinus .................................................... 18 1.4.1 Die Überwindung des Vermächtnisses Platons .............. 18 1.4.2 Differenzierung anthropologischer Konstituenten .......... 20 1.4.3 Ambivalenz der augustineischen Seelekonzeption und ihre Folgen für die Seelenauffassung des Frühmittelalters .................... 25 1.4.4 Paratheologische Seele-Definitionen .............................. 26 2 Die aristotelisch-thomanische anima-unica-forma- corporis-Lehre und ihre Konsequenzen für die aktuelle Theologie ............................................................................. 33 2.1 Chancen für ein konfessionsverbindendes Seeleverständnis mit dieser Formel ...................................................................................... 35 2.2 Ursachen für Missverständnisse in den Kirchen der Reformation bezüglich eines gemeinsamen Seeleverständnisses ............................ 43 3 Das Seeleverständnis der Neurowissenschaft und ihrer „Gläubigen“ ........................................................................ 49 2 3.1 Entfaltung der Parallelen Geist-Gehirn/Leib-Seele ................. 49 3.2 Das Gehirn als Basisobjekt der Neurowissenschaften ............ 53 3.2.1 Eine kurze Chronologie der Hirnforschung im Hinblick auf das Leib-Seele-Problem ................................................................... 53 3.3 Warum neurowissenschaftlichtle Informationen in einer theologischen Abhandlung? ................................................................ 80 3.4 Definitionen des Gehirns ......................................................... 82 3.4.1 Konversationslexikon ...................................................... 82 3.4.2 Allgemeines medizinisches Lexikon ............................... 82 3.4.3 medizinisches Fachlexikon .............................................. 83 3.4.4 Grundlage der Neurobiologie: das Nervensystem ........... 85 3.4.5 Struktur und Funktionsweise des Neurons ...................... 88 3.4.6 Entstehung, Weiterleitung und Wirksamkeit von Transmittern..................................................................................... 92 3.4.6.1 Begriffsbestimmung .................................................... 92 3.4.6.2 Der Verlauf der Signalübertragung ............................. 93 3.4.6.3 Die Auslösung und Weiterleitung des Nervenimpulses 97 3.4.6.4 Synapsen mit außergewönlichen Eigenschaften.......... 99 3.4.7 Die Anatomie des Gehirns und seiner Hauptteile ......... 102 3.4.7.1 Das Rückenmark (Medulla spinalis) ......................... 102 3.4.7.2 Das Nachhirn (verlängertes Mark, Medulla oblongata) ………………………………………………………103 3.4.7.3 Die Brücke (Pons; Hinterhirn) ................................... 103 3.4.7.4 Das Mittelhirn (Mesencephalon) ............................... 104 3.4.7.5 Das Zwischenhirn (Diencephalon) ............................ 104 3.4.7.6 Das Großhirn/ Endhirn (Telencephalon) ................... 105 3.4.8 Äußere Gestalt und Gliederung des Großhirns.............. 106 3.4.8.1 Die subcortikalen Strukturen ..................................... 109 3.4.8.2 Hirnhaut, Liquor, Neurone ........................................ 109 3.4.8.3 Blutversorgung des Gehirns ...................................... 110 3 3.5 Das Gehirn als Produktionsort mentalen Lebens .................. 116 3.5.1 Die Cortexeinteilung nach Brodmann .......................... 117 3.5.2 Irrwege aufgrund voreiliger Schlussfolgerungen.......... 119 3.5.3 Funktionsstörungsanalysen am „lebenden“ Hirn bestätigen die Brodmanntheorie ..................................................................... 121 3.5.4 Weiterentwicklung der Brodmannhypothese ................ 122 3.5.5 Zwei verschiedene Gehirne oder Dubletten? Die Großhirnhemisphären - Unterschied und Symmetrie ................... 128 3.5.6 Die Lokalisation der subcortikalen Funktionen ............ 132 3.5.7 Bild gebende Verfahren, deren Anwendung sowohl dem Nachweis einer Lokalisierung und als auch der Initiierung von Bewusstsein dienen ....................................................................... 136 3.5.7.1 Computertomographie (CT)...................................... 137 3.5.7.2 Positronen-Emissions-Tomograph (PET) ................. 138 3.5.7.3 Das SPECT-Verfahren (Single Photon Emission ComputerTomographie) ............................................................ 138 3.5.7.4 Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT)........................ 138 3.5.7.5 Abschließende Beurteilung des Nutzens von Bild gebenden Verfahren .................................................................. 140 4 Chancen für Philosophie und Theologie auf Grund der Erkenntnisse der Hirnforschung zur Lösung des Leib-Seele- Problems ........................................................................... 142 4.1 Die Frage nach der Entstehung des Bewusstseins ................ 143 4.1.1 Benjamin Libets Antwort auf die Frage nach der Entstehung des Bewusstseins ........................................................ 144 4.1.1.1 Überprüfung der BMF-Theorie Libets...................... 149 4.2 Weitere Antworten ................................................................ 151 4.2.1 Bewusstsein nach Meinung eines Psychologen ............ 154 4.2.2 Ein Naturwissenschaftler und seine Ansicht über die Entstehung von Bewusstsein......................................................... 155 4.2.3 Ein Philosoph ................................................................ 156 4 4.3 Das Leib-Seele versus Gehirn/Bewusstsein, versus Körper- Geist-Problem in der aktuellen Wahrnehmung und Beiträge zur Lösung dieses Dilemmas ................................................................................ 157 4.3.1 Unterschiedliche Sichtweisen des Leib-Seele-Problems ........................................................................................157 4.3.2 Allgemeine Formulierung des Leib-Seele-Problems: Die Grundlage aller naturwissenschaftlichen Systeme sind Gesetze in der Form: „Alle x mit der Eigenschaft p besitzen auch die Eigenschaft y“ …………………………………………………………159 4.3.3 Dualistische Lösungsangebote ...................................... 161 4.3.4 Monistische Lösungsversuche ....................................... 163 4.3.5 Initionstheorie ................................................................ 163 4.3.6 Kontinuitätstheorie ........................................................ 164 4.4 Die Prägung der aktuellen Debatte durch Descartes ............. 164 4.4.1 Wie Descartes zum „Kartesianer“ wurde ...................... 166 4.4.1.1 Funktions- und Bedeutungswandel der Kernbegriffe Dualismus-Monismus ................................................................ 170 4.4.2 Kontrahenten Descartes und deren Argumente ............. 173 4.4.2.1 Einwände seiner Zeitgenossen................................... 173 4.4.2.2 Thomas Hobbes ......................................................... 173 4.4.2.3 Pierre Gassendi .......................................................... 174 4.4.2.4 Der Einspruch Arnaulds gegen die zweite Meditation Descartes ....................................................................................175 4.4.2.5 Descartes Hypothese aus der Sicht G. W. Leibniz’ ... 175 4.4.2.6 Der Widerspruch des Johannes Caterus gegen die erste Meditation .................................................................................. 178 4.4.3 Zeitgenössische Kritiker und Verteidiger und eine unerwartete Neuauflage des cartesianischen Ansatzes .................. 179 4.4.3.1 Gilbert Ryle ............................................................... 179 4.4.3.2 Patricia Smith Churchland ......................................... 187 4.4.3.3 António R. Damásio .................................................. 187 5 4.4.3.4 Johannes Paul II. ....................................................... 190 4.4.3.5 Godehard Brüntrup ................................................... 190 4.4.3.6 Brüntrups Bewertung der psychophysischen Wechselwirkung bei Descartes ................................................. 204 4.4.3.7 Die Popper-Eccles‘sche-Interaktionshypothese.......
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001
    Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001. Preface This bibliography attempts to list all substantial autobiographies, biographies, festschrifts and obituaries of prominent oceanographers, marine biologists, fisheries scientists, and other scientists who worked in the marine environment published in journals and books after 1922, the publication date of Herdman’s Founders of Oceanography. The bibliography does not include newspaper obituaries, government documents, or citations to brief entries in general biographical sources. Items are listed alphabetically by author, and then chronologically by date of publication under a legend that includes the full name of the individual, his/her date of birth in European style(day, month in roman numeral, year), followed by his/her place of birth, then his date of death and place of death. Entries are in author-editor style following the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 14th ed., 1993). Citations are annotated to list the language if it is not obvious from the text. Annotations will also indicate if the citation includes a list of the scientist’s papers, if there is a relationship between the author of the citation and the scientist, or if the citation is written for a particular audience. This bibliography of biographies of scientists of the sea is based on Jacqueline Carpine-Lancre’s bibliography of biographies first published annually beginning with issue 4 of the History of Oceanography Newsletter (September 1992). It was supplemented by a bibliography maintained by Eric L. Mills and citations in the biographical files of the Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD.
    [Show full text]
  • Network Map of Knowledge And
    Humphry Davy George Grosz Patrick Galvin August Wilhelm von Hofmann Mervyn Gotsman Peter Blake Willa Cather Norman Vincent Peale Hans Holbein the Elder David Bomberg Hans Lewy Mark Ryden Juan Gris Ian Stevenson Charles Coleman (English painter) Mauritz de Haas David Drake Donald E. Westlake John Morton Blum Yehuda Amichai Stephen Smale Bernd and Hilla Becher Vitsentzos Kornaros Maxfield Parrish L. Sprague de Camp Derek Jarman Baron Carl von Rokitansky John LaFarge Richard Francis Burton Jamie Hewlett George Sterling Sergei Winogradsky Federico Halbherr Jean-Léon Gérôme William M. Bass Roy Lichtenstein Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruisdael Tony Cliff Julia Margaret Cameron Arnold Sommerfeld Adrian Willaert Olga Arsenievna Oleinik LeMoine Fitzgerald Christian Krohg Wilfred Thesiger Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant Eva Hesse `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas Him Mark Lai Clark Ashton Smith Clint Eastwood Therkel Mathiassen Bettie Page Frank DuMond Peter Whittle Salvador Espriu Gaetano Fichera William Cubley Jean Tinguely Amado Nervo Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Ferdinand Hodler Françoise Sagan Dave Meltzer Anton Julius Carlson Bela Cikoš Sesija John Cleese Kan Nyunt Charlotte Lamb Benjamin Silliman Howard Hendricks Jim Russell (cartoonist) Kate Chopin Gary Becker Harvey Kurtzman Michel Tapié John C. Maxwell Stan Pitt Henry Lawson Gustave Boulanger Wayne Shorter Irshad Kamil Joseph Greenberg Dungeons & Dragons Serbian epic poetry Adrian Ludwig Richter Eliseu Visconti Albert Maignan Syed Nazeer Husain Hakushu Kitahara Lim Cheng Hoe David Brin Bernard Ogilvie Dodge Star Wars Karel Capek Hudson River School Alfred Hitchcock Vladimir Colin Robert Kroetsch Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai Stephen Sondheim Robert Ludlum Frank Frazetta Walter Tevis Sax Rohmer Rafael Sabatini Ralph Nader Manon Gropius Aristide Maillol Ed Roth Jonathan Dordick Abdur Razzaq (Professor) John W.
    [Show full text]
  • Fondo Omodeo.Pdf
    Museo Galileo Istituto e Museo di storia della scienza Piazza Giudici 1, Firenze, ITALIA BIBLIOTECA www.museogalileo.it/biblioteca.html FONDO OMODEO L’Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza ha acquistato nel dicembre 2003 la biblioteca personale di Pietro Omodeo, attualmente professore presso il Dipartimento di Biologia evolutiva dell'Università di Siena e da sempre appassionato studioso di storia della scienza e della biologia in particolare. Il Fondo Omodeo consta di ca. 2.000 opere e costituisce un patrimonio di grande interesse storico-naturalistico che va ad integrare le collezioni della biblioteca dell'Istituto, tradizionalmente orientata verso le discipline fisico-matematiche. Nel corso degli ultimi mesi è stata portata a termine la collocazione e catalogazione dell'intero fondo, che è adesso a disposizione degli studiosi e consultabile nel catalogo on line della biblioteca secondo le tradizionali modalità di ricerca. Di seguito una lista in formato breve del fondo. OMODEO COLLECTION In December 2003 the Institute and Museum of the History of Science acquired the personal library of Pietro Omodeo, currently a professor in the Evolutionary Biology department of the University of Siena and ever an ardent scholar of the history of science, and of biology in particular. The Omodeo Estate is made up of approximately 2,000 works and constitutes a holding of great historical-naturalistic interest that will integrate the library's collections, traditionally oriented towards the physical-mathematical disciplines. Over the course of the past months the collocation and cataloguing of the entire collection has been completed, and it is now available to scholars and consultable through the library's online catalogue using traditional search methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Williams Dissertation 4.17.12
    ACTIVATION, DESENSITIZATION AND POTENTIATION OF ALPHA7 NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS: RELEVANCE TO ALPHA7-TARGETED THERAPEUTICS By DUSTIN KYLE WILLIAMS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2012 1 © 2012 Dustin Kyle Williams 2 To the most important people in my life: my family 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my wife, Julie Williams, and my parents, Kevin and Kathy Williams for their unconditional love and flawless support through the graduate school experience, even when I have had to place work before them. I would like to thank Dr. Roger Papke for his mentorship over the last five years. I have had more success under his arm than I ever could have expected when I started graduate school. In addition, I am thankful for the many collaborative meetings I participated in with Dr. Nicole Horenstein and Dr. Jingyi Wang. I would like to thank Mathew Kimbrell for his fine work in helping to create the stably transfected cell lines, and for the interactions I have had with all members of the Papke laboratory. I wish to express gratitude to the members of my advisory committee, Dr. Nicole Horenstein, Dr. Brian Cooper, Dr. Michael King, and Dr. Brian Law, for their counsel and guidance. I am thankful for the financial support I have received from the National Institute on Aging Training Grant T32-AG000196. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. 8 LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... 9 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Vol. 120, Num
    Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Vol. 120, Num. 1. Año 1976 Held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge Fred L. Whipple. “Comet Kohoutek in Retrospect” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 120, Num. 1. Año 1976; pagina 1-6 Myron P. Gilmore. “The Berensons and Villa I Tatti” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 120, Num. 1. Año 1976; pagina 7-12 Helen B. Taussig. “The Development of the Blalock-Taussing Operation and Its Results Twenty Years Later” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 120, Num. 1. Año 1976; pagina 13-20 Ward H. Goodenough. “On the Origin of Matrilineal Clans: A “Just So” Story” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 120, Num. 1. Año 1976; pagina 21-36 Leon N. Cooper. “How Possible Becomes Actual in the Quantum Theory” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 120, Num. 1. Año 1976; pagina 37-45 John Owen King. “Labors of the Estranged Personality: Josiah Royce on “The Case of John Bunyan”” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 120, Num. 1. Año 1976; pagina 46-58 Stanley A. Czarnik. “The Theory of the Mesolithic in European Archaeology” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 120, Num. 1. Año 1976; pagina 59-66 Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Vol. 120, Num. 2. Año 1976 Held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge Jonathan E. Rhoads. “New Approaches in the Study of Neoplasia: Preliminary Remarks for the Symposium” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 120, Num. 2. Año 1976; pagina 67-68 Sol Spiegelman. “The Search for Viruses in Human Cancer” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Languages and Classification
    LANGUAGES AND CLASSIFICATION John Scales Avery October 27, 2017 Introduction As children, many of us have played the game, “20 Questions”. In this game, someone thinks of a word. Then the other players try to guess the word by asking questions, to which the answer can only be “yes” or “no”. Only 20 questions are allowed, but the word is almost always found correctly with this number of questions or less. This may seem surprising, unless we happen to know that 220 = 1, 048, 576, whereas the Second Edition of the 20-volume Oxford English Dictionary contains full entries for only 171,476 words in current use. Now I hope that the reader will forgive me if I indulge in some personal memories. Between 1950 and 1954, I was an undergraduate student of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. During this period, it occurred to me that an international language like Esperanto could be based on a system similar to “20 Questions”. The words in my invented language would be pronounceable, since they would alternate between vowels and consonants. The first few letters of the word would define the meaning in a rough way, and the following letters would specify the meaning more and more precisely. I believed that my invented international language would be very easy to learn because a learner would know the approximate meaning of a word from the first few letters. I wrote an article about my idea, and it was published in MIT’s Tech Engineering News. However, I later realized that no invented language, neither Esperanto, nor any other, would be able to compete as an international language with English, which happens to be very widely used at the precise moment that communication has become global.
    [Show full text]
  • John Zachary Young 1907-1997
    J. Zool., Lond. (1998) 244, 157±158 # 1998 The Zoological Society of London Printed in the United Kingdom John Zachary Young 1907±1997 John Zachary Young, or `JZ' as he was known to the regeneration of the nerves of Octopus. At this time, friends and colleagues around the world, was one of the JZ found an undescribed structure attached to the most distinguished biologists of the 20th century. stellate ganglion of an octopus. This, the epistellar Trained as a zoologist, his ®elds of study ranged extra- body, he described in 1929, in his ®rst publication, ordinarily widely. He was renowned as a neuroscientist which he wrote in Italian. In the 1930s, when searching for his studies of the nervous systems of animals and of for a similar structure in a squid, he found instead huge the regeneration of nerve ®bres after injury, and for the transparent strands. These, to his astonishment, after rediscovery of the giant nerve ®bres of squids. He was carrying out critical but simple electrical stimulation of an acknowledged authority on cephalopod molluscs. the strands, he proved to be giant nerve ®bres. Realizing Besides this, he was an outstanding teacher, not only of the value of such huge nerve ®bres, he demonstrated his his students but of a far wider audience through his preparation to physiologists in Britain and America. writings. His achievements are formidable and his in¯u- This preparation allowed physiologists at that time ence on others cannot be measured. greatly to increase the understanding of the excitability Born in Bristol on 11 March 1907, JZ was educated of nerves.
    [Show full text]
  • Professor Dr. Geoffrey Burnstock (1929–2020)
    Purinergic Signalling (2020) 16:137–149 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11302-020-09709-y OBITUARY Professor Dr. Geoffrey Burnstock (1929–2020) Maria P. Abbracchio1 & Kenneth A. Jacobson2 & Christa E. Müller3 & Herbert Zimmermann4 Published online: 2 July 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020 Professor Geoffrey Burnstock, a great luminary in science and In 1956, he moved to the Physiology Department at the the founder of our field of purinergic signalling, sadly but National Institute for Medical Research in Mill Hill, peacefully died in Melbourne, Australia, on the 2nd of June, London, as a postdoctoral fellow with Wilhelm Feldberg 2020, at the age of 91. He had retired at the age of 88, in (1956–1957). There, he developed a novel technique for re- October 2017, when, after 42 years in London, he decided to cording membrane activities from smooth muscle, the “su- fulfill his wife’s and family’s desire to move back to Australia, crose gap technique.” This led to a position with Edith where, in 1959, he had been appointed Senior Lecturer at Bulbring in the Department of Pharmacology at Oxford Melbourne University, his first important academic University (1957–1959). A Rockefeller Travelling engagement. Fellowship allowed him to work for a year with Clifford Geoffrey Burnstock grew up in London where he was born Ladd Prosser at the Physiology Department, University of on May 10, 1929. After completing his secondary education at Illinois, USA. Greenford County Grammar School in 1946, he did his He then had to decide whether to take up an offer for a job National service with the Air Force in 1947.
    [Show full text]
  • JEB Classics
    JEB Classics 3485 TRANSLATIONAL to neurobiology by discovering and JEB Classics is an occasional NEUROSCIENCE DURING characterizing the giant fiber system of the column, featuring historic squid (Young, 1939), whose large caliber publications from The Journal of THE SECOND WORLD axon and huge synapse made possible the Experimental Biology. These WAR Nobel Prize-winning work of Alan articles, written by modern experts Hodgkin and A. F. Huxley on axonal in the field, discuss each classic conduction (Hodgkin, 1964; Huxley, 1964) paper’s impact on the field of and of Bernard Katz on synaptic biology and their own work. A transmission (Katz, 1971). PDF of the original paper is available from the JEB Archive Young, in turn, assembled a team that was, (http://jeb.biologists.org/). in his words ‘a curious mixture’ (Young, 1993). His three co-authors on the paper featured here were Ernst Gutmann, Ludwig Guttmann and Peter Medawar. Gutmann (1910–1977) was a Czech physician who, according to Young (1993), had arrived in Britain as a prisoner of war. He was sent to the group in response to their request for ‘someone to clean out the animal house’ (Young, 1993), but it soon became apparent that he was a knowledgeable and technically gifted researcher. Guttmann (1899–1980) had been a leading neurologist in Germany, who had fled to England in 1939. His refugee status prevented him from resuming his practice, so he was eager to join a group that not s A copy of Gutmann et al.’s 1942 classic only allowed him to gain a livelihood but paper ‘The Rate of Regeneration of Nerve’ also to use his skills.
    [Show full text]
  • BBC-Year-Book-1986.Pdf
    'A Annua www.americanradiohistory.com www.americanradiohistory.com BBC Handbook 1986 Incorporating the Annual Report and Accounts 1984-85 British Broadcasting Corporation www.americanradiohistory.com i Published by the British Broadcasting Corporation 35 Marylebone High Street, London W 1 M 4AA ISBN 0 563 20448 6 First published 1985 © BBC 1985 Printed in England by Jolly & Barber Ltd, Rugby www.americanradiohistory.com Contents Engineering 76 Part One: Transmission 77 & Television production 78 Annual Report Radio production 80 1984 Research and development 80 Accounts -5 Recruitment 82 Training 82 Personnel 84 Appointments, recruitment, training 84 Foreword Mr Stuart Young (Chairman) v Consultancy 86 Board of Governors viii Occupational health 86 Employee relations 86 Board of Management ix Legal matters 87 Division 87 Introductory 1 Central Services Programmes 5 Commercial activities 89 Television 5 Publications 89 Radio 14 BBC Enterprises Ltd 90 The News Year 23 BBC Co- productions 96 Broadcasting from Parliament 27 Direct Broadcasting by Satellite 97 Religious broadcasting 30 National Broadcasting Councils 99 Educational broadcasting 33 Scotland 99 Programme production in the Regions 44 Wales 108 Bristol 44 Northern Ireland 115 Pebble Mill 48 Manchester 50 Audit Report for the BBC 121 The English TV Regions 51 Balance Sheet and Accounts - Home Services BBC Data 54 and BBC Enterprises Ltd 122 Balance Sheet and Accounts - The BBC and its audiences 56 Open University 138 Broadcasting research 57 Public reaction 60 Public meetings 64
    [Show full text]
  • 50 Character Selection
    £50 character selection Between the launch and closure of the character selection process for the £50 note announced by the Governor on 2 November, we have received a total of 227,299 nominations from members of the public. This is the list of 989 eligible names that were suggested within the nomination period. This is only the preliminary stage of identifying eligible names for consideration: At this stage, a nomination has been deemed eligible simply if the character is real, deceased and has contributed to the field of science in the UK in any way. These names have not yet been considered by our Banknote Character Advisory Committee. We plan to announce the character for the new £50 banknote in Summer 2019. Aaron Klug Alister Hardy Augustus De Morgan Abraham Bennet Allen Coombs Austin Bradford Hill Abraham Darby Allen McClay Barbara Ansell Abraham Manie Adelstein Alliott Verdon Roe Barbara Clayton Ada Lovelace Alma Howard Barnes Neville Wallis Adam Sedgwick Andrew Crosse Baron Charles Percy Snow Aderlard of Bath Andrew Fielding Huxley Bawa Kartar Singh Adrian Hardy Haworth Angela Hartley Brodie Beatrice "Tilly" Shilling Agnes Arber Angela Helen Clayton Beatrice Tinsley Alan Archibald Campbell‐Swinton Anita Harding Benjamin Gompertz Alan Arnold Griffiths Ann Bishop Benjamin Huntsman Alan Baker Anna Atkins Benjamin Thompson Alan Blumlein Anna Bidder Bernard Katz Alan Carrington Anna Freud Bernard Spilsbury Alan Cottrell Anna MacGillivray Macleod Bertha Swirles Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Anne McLaren Bertram Hopkinson Alan MacMasters Anne Warner
    [Show full text]
  • Brian B. Boycott 38
    EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Marina Bentivoglio Duane E. Haines Edward A. Kravitz Louise H. Marshall Aryeh Routtenberg Thomas Woolsey Lawrence Kruger (Chairperson) The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography VOLUME 3 Edited by Larry R. Squire ACADEMIC PRESS A Harcourt Science and Technology Company San Diego San Francisco New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo This book is printed on acid-free paper. (~ Copyright © 2001 by The Society for Neuroscience All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Permissions Department, Harcourt Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777 Academic Press A Harcourt Science and Technology Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press Harcourt Place, 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK http://www.academicpress.com Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96-070950 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-660305-7 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 01 02 03 04 05 06 SB 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Morris H. Aprison 2 Brian B. Boycott 38 Vernon B. Brooks 76 Pierre Buser 118 Hsiang-Tung Chang 144 Augusto Claudio Guillermo Cuello 168 Robert W. Doty 214 Bernice Grafstein 246 Ainsley Iggo 284 Jennifer S. Lund 312 Patrick L. McGeer and Edith Graef McGeer 330 Edward R.
    [Show full text]