BIALXI

Collège de France Institut français Chaire "Civilisation de l'Égypte pharaonique : d'archéologie orientale archéologie, philologie, histoire"

Bulletin d'Information Archéologique

BIAwww.egyptologues.net

LXI Janvier - Juin 2020

Le Caire - Paris 2020

Bulletin d’Information Archéologique

REVUE SEMESTRIELLE N° 61 JANVIER / JUIN 2020

Système de translittération Directeur de la publication Nicolas GRIMAL des mots arabes [email protected]

Rédaction et coordination Emad ADLY [email protected]

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w/û tæ’ marbºta = a, at (état و z ظ kh خ Collège de France Chaire "Civilisation de construit) l’Égypte pharaonique : y/î article: al- et l- (même devant ى ‘ ع D د ,archéologie philologie, histoire" les “solaires”) http://www.egyptologues.net

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© Institut français d’archéologie orientale. Le Caire. 2020 © Collège de France. Paris. 2020 ISSN 1110-2489

SOMMAIRE

Système de translittération………….……….…3 MARDI 4 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 65 MERCREDI 5 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 67 Éditorial…………………...…………….……………...…5 JEUDI 6 FÉVRIER 2020 ...... 69 VENDREDI 7 FÉVRIER 2020 ...... 71 Sommaire……………………..……………………….…7 SAMEDI 8 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 72 DIMANCHE 9 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 74 LUNDI 10 FÉVRIER 2020 ...... 74 MARDI 11 FÉVRIER 2020 ...... 75 MERCREDI 12 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 77 I – Janvier 2020 JEUDI 13 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 77 VENDREDI 14 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 79 MERCREDI 1ER JANVIER 2020 ...... 9 DIMANCHE 16 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 79 JEUDI 2 JANVIER 2020 ...... 10 LUNDI 17 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 81 VENDREDI 3 JANVIER 2020 ...... 12 MARDI 18 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 83 SAMEDI 4 JANVIER 2020 ...... 13 JEUDI 20 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 84 DIMANCHE 5 JANVIER 2020 ...... 14 SAMEDI 22 FÉVRIER 2020 ...... 85 LUNDI 6 JANVIER 2020 ...... 17 DIMANCHE 23 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 87 MARDI 7 JANVIER 2020 ...... 18 MARDI 25 FÉVRIER 2020 ...... 89 MERCREDI 8 JANVIER 2020 ...... 22 MERCREDI 26 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 91 JEUDI 9 JANVIER 2020 ...... 23 JEUDI 27 FÉVRIER 2020 ...... 92 DIMANCHE 12 JANVIER 2020 ...... 28 SAMEDI 29 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 94 LUNDI 13 JANVIER 2020 ...... 28 MARDI 14 JANVIER 2020 ...... 29 MERCREDI 15 JANVIER 2020 ...... 31 JEUDI 16 JANVIER 2020 ...... 32 III – Mars 2020 VENDREDI 17 JANVIER 2020 ...... 35 SAMEDI 18 JANVIER 2020 ...... 36 DIMANCHE 1ER MARS 2020 ...... 99 DIMANCHE 19 JANVIER 2020 ...... 38 LUNDI 2 MARS 2020 ...... 99 LUNDI 20 JANVIER 2020 ...... 39 MERCREDI 4 MARS 2020 ...... 99 MARDI 21 JANVIER 2020 ...... 40 JEUDI 5 MARS 2020 ...... 100 MERCREDI 22 JANVIER 2020 ...... 42 VENDREDI 6 MARS 2020 ...... 102 JEUDI 23 JANVIER 2020 ...... 43 SAMEDI 7 MARS 2020 ...... 103 VENDREDI 24 JANVIER 2020 ...... 45 DIMANCHE 8 MARS 2020 ...... 103 SAMEDI 25 JANVIER 2020 ...... 47 LUNDI 9 MARS 2020 ...... 104 DIMANCHE 26 JANVIER 2020 ...... 48 MERCREDI 11 MARS 2020 ...... 105 LUNDI 27 JANVIER 2020 ...... 48 JEUDI 12 MARS 2020 ...... 107 MARDI 28 JANVIER 2020 ...... 49 VENDREDI 13 MARS 2020 ...... 107 MERCREDI 29 JANVIER 2020 ...... 50 DIMANCHE 15 MARS 2020 ...... 107 JEUDI 30 JANVIER 2020 ...... 52 LUNDI 16 MARS 2020 ...... 108 VENDREDI 31 JANVIER 2020 ...... 58 MARDI 17 MARS 2020 ...... 110 MERCREDI 18 MARS 2020 ...... 110 JEUDI 19 MARS 2020 ...... 112 VENDREDI 20 MARS 2020 ...... 114 SAMEDI 21 MARS 2020 ...... 115 II – Février 2020 LUNDI 23 MARS 2020 ...... 116 MARDI 24 MARS 2020 ...... 117 MERCREDI 25 MARS 2020 ...... 118 SAMEDI 1ER FEVRIER 2020 ...... 60 JEUDI 26 MARS 2020 ...... 119 DIMANCHE 2 FEVRIER 2020 ...... 60 VENDREDI 27 MARS 2020 ...... 120 LUNDI 3 FÉVRIER 2020 ...... 63 LUNDI 30 MARS 2020 ...... 120

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Sommaire

IV – Avril 2020 VENDREDI 22 MAI 2020 ...... 176 MERCREDI 27 MAI 2020 ...... 177 MERCREDI 1ER AVRIL 2020 ...... 123 JEUDI 28 MAI 2020 ...... 177 JEUDI 2 AVRIL 2020 ...... 124 VENDREDI 29 MAI 2020 ...... 178 VENDREDI 3 AVRIL 2020 ...... 124 SAMEDI 30 MAI 2020 ...... 179 SAMEDI 4 AVRIL 2020 ...... 126 DIMANCHE 5 AVRIL 2020 ...... 128 LUNDI 6 AVRIL 2020 ...... 129 MARDI 7 AVRIL 2020 ...... 129 VI – Juin 2020 MERCREDI 8 AVRIL 2020 ...... 131 JEUDI 9 AVRIL 2020 ...... 133 LUNDI 1ER JUIN 2020 ...... 180 VENDREDI 10 AVRIL 2020 ...... 133 MARDI 2 JUIN 2020 ...... 181 SAMEDI 11 AVRIL 2020 ...... 134 MERCREDI 3 JUIN 2020 ...... 184 DIMANCHE 12 AVRIL 2020 ...... 134 VENDREDI 5 JUIN 2020 ...... 184 LUNDI 13 AVRIL 2020 ...... 136 LUNDI 8 JUIN 2020 ...... 185 MERCREDI 15 AVRIL 2020 ...... 137 MARDI 9 JUIN 2020 ...... 187 JEUDI 16 AVRIL 2020 ...... 138 MERCREDI 10 JUIN 2020 ...... 188 VENDREDI 17 AVRIL 2020 ...... 139 JEUDI 11 JUIN 2020 ...... 191 SAMEDI 18 AVRIL 2020 ...... 140 SAMEDI 13 JUIN 2020 ...... 191 DIMANCHE 19 AVRIL 2020 ...... 141 DIMANCHE 14 JUIN 2020 ...... 193 LUNDI 20 AVRIL 2020 ...... 143 LUNDI 15 JUIN 2020 ...... 193 MARDI 21 AVRIL 2020 ...... 143 MARDI 16 JUIN 2020 ...... 194 MERCREDI 22 AVRIL 2020 ...... 144 MERCREDI 17 JUIN 2020 ...... 195 JEUDI 23 AVRIL 2020 ...... 145 JEUDI 18 JUIN 2020 ...... 199 VENDREDI 24 AVRIL 2020 ...... 148 VENDREDI 19 JUIN 2020 ...... 199 SAMEDI 25 AVRIL 2020 ...... 149 SAMEDI 20 JUIN 2020 ...... 200 DIMANCHE 26 AVRIL 2020 ...... 151 DIMANCHE 21 JUIN 2020 ...... 201 LUNDI 27 AVRIL 2020 ...... 153 LUNDI 22 JUIN 2020 ...... 204 MARDI 28 AVRIL 2020 ...... 153 MARDI 23 JUIN 2020 ...... 205 MERCREDI 24 JUIN 2020 ...... 206 JEUDI 25 JUIN 2020 ...... 207 VENDREDI 26 JUIN 2020 ...... 209 V – Mai 2020 SAMEDI 27 JUIN 2020 ...... 210 DIMANCHE 28 JUIN 2020 ...... 211 VENDREDI 1ER MAI 2020 ...... 154 LUNDI 29 JUIN 2020 ...... 215 SAMEDI 2 MAI 2020 ...... 154 MARDI 30 JUIN 2020 ...... 216 DIMANCHE 3 MAI 2020 ...... 156 LUNDI 4 MAI 2020 ...... 158 MARDI 5 MAI 2020 ...... 160 MERCREDI 6 MAI 2020 ...... 161 VII – Who's Who? JEUDI 7 MAI 2020 ...... 163 VENDREDI 8 MAI 2020 ...... 164 MINISTERE DU TOURISME ET DE L’ARCHEOLOGIE 219 SAMEDI 9 MAI 2020 ...... 165 MUSEES ...... 227 DIMANCHE 10 MAI 2020 ...... 166 UNIVERSITES ...... 229 LUNDI 11 MAI 2020 ...... 167 POUVOIR EXECUTIF ...... 230 MARDI 12 MAI 2020 ...... 167 DIVERS ...... 231 JEUDI 14 MAI 2020 ...... 168 DIMANCHE 17 MAI 2020 ...... 169 LUNDI 18 MAI 2020 ...... 171 MARDI 19 MAI 2020 ...... 173 VIII - Index……………….………………………….…233 JEUDI 21 MAI 2020 ...... 176

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I – JANVIER 2020

demonstrates the importance of the statues of Mercredi 1er janvier 2020 the Djoser. Djoser was highly respected in the royal family, Hawwâs added, explaining that the tomb was built to commemorate him alongside his son and grandson as well. Moreover, a new lighting system is currently being installed to prepare for the eagerly anticipated opening.

The Egyptian government hired British The Secretary-General of the Supreme engineers to work on all of the six-step Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî pyramid’s necessary renovations. announced that the Pyramid of Djoser, one of ’s oldest pyramids, is set to open in the al-‘Inânî previously underscored the first quarter of 2020, following the finalization importance of the pyramid, which took years of the restoration work. of restoration work. This step comes as part of the Ministry of Cintec Managing Director Peter James Tourism and Antiquities’ plan to protect and previously told Daily Mail in 2011 that “The revive Egypt’s historical locations. Step Pyramid project was of particular importance to us as the entire structure could Wazîrî made the announcement during his have been destroyed at any point, due to the tour of the area to inspect the restoration work damage on the ceiling and roof caused by the done there, including the recently renovated earthquake.” paths leading to the ancient Djoser pyramid, the internal corners leading to the burial well The pyramid was established as the tomb and the tomb. of the Pharaoh Djoser in the third Dynasty, 4,700 years ago. (“Egypt’s oldest pyramid “This is one of the most important projects opens in 2020 for first time”, Egypt that have been implemented by the Ministry st Independent, January 1 , 2020). because it is the world’s oldest pyramid,” Wazîrî said, adding that the restoration works - - first launched in 2006, stopped in 2011 and resumed in 2013. The chairperson of the Projects Sector at the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ stated that refurbishments included restoring the pyramid’s external façade, fixing rickety stones, restoring the steps at the southern and eastern entrance and the preparation of the pyramid’s internal corners.

“The scriptures on top of the tomb The Minister of Tourism and Antiquities entrance is very important,” prominent Khâlid al-‘Inânî revealed the ticket prices for Egyptologist Zâhî Hawwâs previously told the Grand (GEM), set to CCTV Video Agency, adding that this BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 9

Janvier 2020 kick off by the end of 2020, while also 5,000 from Tutankhamun’s collection — 2,000 discussing several of the services in the being showcased for the first ever time. archaeological museum — expected to be one of the largest in the world. During a phone interview with TV presenter ‘Amr Adîb on his program al-Hikâya (The Story) on the MBC Misr Channel, al-‘Inânî said that the entrance ticket will be LE400 for foreign visitors, LE200 for foreign students, LE60 for Egyptian visitors and LE30 for Egyptian students. The museum will also feature several The GEM’s General Manager Târiq Tawfîq entertainment hubs including restaurants, said in a previous interview with The Art theatres, and more. Newspaper that the GEM accommodates two 7,000 sqm galleries dedicated to the al-‘Inânî pointed to the collaborations Pharaoh’s lifestyle; how he lived, dressed and between the GEM and different countries, ate in addition to the complete collection of offering highly-professional management his belongings. facilities. He especially emphasized the Egyptian-French and Egyptian-American All hotels in the museum’s area are cooperation, dedicated to bringing the best currently undergoing a comprehensive management services. renovation process to prepare for accommodating tourists visiting the museum. The museum’s chairperson and entire staff All streets leading to the GEM including the are still , however, with al-‘Inânî ring road have been developed to facilitate explaining that “The one to open the reaching the museum, while the Fayyûm road antiquities warehouse is an Egyptian will expand four times to fit the capacity for employee from the Ministry of Tourism and cars heading there. Antiquities, while the ministry’s police are responsible for securing the museum.” Construction of the museum first began in 2006 but slowed down due to the outbreak of The museum’s security system also the January 25th revolution, and is anticipated monitors the number of visits paid by every to finally launch in 2020. visitor to the museum and when they last visited. Leaders will be invited from different countries around the globe to attend the The GEM will contain the world’s largest museum’s eagerly-awaited opening ceremony. antiquities collection belonging to a single (Mira Maged, “Tourism and Antiquities culture’s heritage, with al-‘Inânî stating that Minister reveals ’s other museums across the world display ticket prices”, Egypt Independent, January 1st, artefacts from various cultures. 2020). Constructed on approximately 500,000 - - square meters, the mega museum is located nearby the Gîza Pyramids. Jeudi 2 janvier 2020 al-‘Inânî said that while London had exhibited 150 items from among the Egypt’s Minister of Tourism Khâlid al-‘Inânî Tutankhamun’s findings excavated by Howard and Minister of Local Development Carter in 1922, during its temporary exhibition Muhammad Sha‘râwî inspected on Thursday in Saatchi Gallery starting November 2019 the renovation works at the Tree of the Virgin where nearly 300,000 tickets have been sold, Mary and its surroundings in Cairo’s suburb of the Grand Egyptian Museum is set to host Matariyya.

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Janvier 2020

chinoise dans les spectacles qui dorénavant se dérouleront en huit langues : l’arabe, l’anglais, le français, l’allemand, l’italien, l’espagnol, le japonais et le chinois. Début 2019, un spectacle de son et lumière en langue chinoise a été programmé aux Pyramides de Gîza (dimanche à 20h) et au temple de Karnak (vendredi à 21h). Cette

Virgin Mary’s Tree in Matariyya initiative a été grandement saluée par les (© Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism) touristes chinois. (‘Abd al-Fattâh Higâb, « 4 During the inspection tour, al-‘Inânî janvier : premier spectacle son et lumière en asserted the importance of abiding to the chinois dans les temples de Philae et d’Abû schedule set to finish the renovation works. Simbil », al-Ahrâm, 2 janvier 2020). Meanwhile, Sha‘râwî gave directives to - - remove any violations in the area of the The Egyptian Supreme Council of renovation. Antiquities has reduced ticket prices by 50 percent for foreign tourists visiting historical sites and museums in ’s Qinâ, , and Aswân governorates during the summer. The move is meant to invigorate tourism in Upper Egypt during the summer, when the number of visitors drops due to the hot weather

All foreign tourists will pay a flat rate, which is the price of a ticket for foreign students, The Tree of the Virgin Mary is a sycamore which is 50 percent cheaper than the full ticket tree in the Matariyya suburb of Cairo. price. According to local beliefs, the Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph stopped at Matariyya (then a Also, a new ticket booth will be opened at small village) on their trip through Egypt. archaeological sites and museums, including (MENA, “Egypt’s ministers of Tourism, Local the Museum of Hurghada, in the Red Sea Development inspect renovation of Virgin governorate. This will facilitate the process of Mary’s Tree in Matariyya”, Ahram Online, purchasing tickets for tourism companies. January 2, 2020. Voir également Ahmad The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is Mansûr, « Les ministres de l’Archéologie et du also moving towards digitalization to allow for Développement local et le gouverneur du the online reservation of tickets for museums Caire inspectent l’arbre de la Vierge », al- and archaeological sites. This will help Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 2 janvier). facilitate the reservation process and shorten - - queues at ticket offices in museums and archaeological areas. La compagnie Misr for Sound & Light s’apprête, à partir du 4 janvier, à présenter son These measures are in line with the state’s nouveau spectacle en chinois dans les temples plans for digital transformation, which is key to de Philae et d’Abû Simbil. Dans un developing the tourism sector and improving communiqué de presse, le président de Misr services for visitors at archaeological sites and for Sound & Light, Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz, a museums. (Nevine El-Aref, “Ticket prices at annoncé l’achèvement des préparatifs historical sites, museums cut by 50% during techniques visant à introduire la langue

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Janvier 2020 summer for foreign visitors in Upper Egypt”, “Gwendolen made it clear she (the Ahram Online, January 2, 2020). mummy) ought to be kept in a women’s - - college. But persuading students to come and see her now is not easy — many aren’t aware Girton College of the University of she’s here,” she said. (Mira Maged, Cambridge is urging students and tourists to “Cambridge urges students to visit 2,000- pay a visit to the university’s “Lawrence year-old mummy of Egypt’s first female Room” museum, which houses a 2,000-year- professor”, Egypt Independent, January 2, old mummy of an ancient Egyptian professor 2020). named Hermione, lamenting the lack of public - - interest in what one historian calls a “unique” relic of notable historical value, according to Vendredi 3 janvier 2020 the BBC. Discovered in 1911 by the legendary Egyptologist WM Flinders Petrie at South Cairo’s Hawwâra, the mummy dates back to the first century AD and has been showcased in the Girton College’s Lawrence Room for nearly a century. Dorothy Thompson, a retired classicist and historian of Hellenistic Egypt, has called the well-preserved mummy “a wonderful treasure” and “absolutely unique,” but she says visitors have been lacking, the BBC reported. The words “Hermione Grammatike” are written on her portrait, the historian added, which indicates that the ancient professor Some of the uncovered coins represents the “earliest known woman 370 ancient coins were uncovered in the professor of classics.” of Abû Fânâ in Minyâ governorate. Gwendolin Crewsdon paid £2,300 to buy Head of Islamic, Coptic and Jewish the mummy for Cambridge’s Girton college, antiquities sector Gamâl Mustafa announced with CT scans of the body showing that the that 341 coins are dating back to the Islamic ancient professor’s age ranged from 18 to 22 era and 29 coins are dating back to the Roman years old at the time of her death. It is also era. likely that she maintained a healthy diet, as the mummy’s teeth were found in good condition. The Monastery of Abû Fânâ is a Coptic Orthodox monastery, located in Minyâ Immediately following the excavation of Governorate about 300 km south of Cairo, Hermoine, the mummy was first displayed at northwest of Hermopolis around 2 kilometers the University of London, later serving as the from the village of Qasr Hur and east of the connection that got the mummy to Girton village of Banî Khâlid. College at Cambridge. It is named after Saint Fânâ, also known as The university says it has tried to motivate Bane (c. 354-395), Coptic Christian hermit. The students to visit Hermione, but Thompson has monastery is sometimes called the Monastery asserted that their efforts are not enough. of Abû Fânâ and is also known as the Underscoring the fact that Girton is a Monastery of the Cross, due to the presence women’s college, Thompson said that of many beautifully decorated crosses inside Hermoine remains an interesting artefact to be its church. showcased there. BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 12

Janvier 2020

The monastery was most likely built around cachées dans l’église Abû Fânâ à Minyâ », al- the burial site of Saint Fânâ. His tomb was Ahrâm, 3 janvier ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, found during excavations of an international « Découverte de 370 monnaies antiques team representing seven European academic cachées dans l’église Abû Fânâ à Minyâ », institutions and led by Austrian scholar Prof. Sada al-Balad, 3 janvier ; Amal Gamâl, « Mise Dr. Helmut Buschhausen in 1992. au jour de 370 monnaies cachées dans l’église Abû Fânâ à Minyâ », Watanî, 3 janvier). - - Le président du secteur des projets, Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ, a annoncé le lancement des travaux visant à baisser le niveau des eaux souterraines sous l’Obélisque inachevé à Aswân. Un désherbage a été effectué autour de l’obélisque. Après l’achèvement des

études, le projet a été confié à une société The 12th-century historian Abû al-Makârim privée. La durée des travaux est prévue pour mentions the church of Saint Fânâ, which was six mois. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de restored by al-Rashîd Abû Fadl. l’Archéologie a-t-il commencé le projet de baisse du niveau des eaux souterraines », al- th th Egyptian historian of the 14 –15 century Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 3 janvier 2020). al-Maqrîzî wrote about the monastery’s fine architecture. - - The history of the Patriarchs of Samedi 4 janvier 2020 mentions the monastery of Abû Fânâ twice, first in relation to the election of Pope Theodosius III of Alexandria of the Coptic Orthodox Church, 1294-1300 and second to the childhood of Pope Matthew I of Alexandria, 1378-1408. In pre-Islamic times, the monastery reportedly numbered some 1000 monks. The monastery’s numbers had drastically dwindled before the arrival of Islam in the seventh century. Chair of the Arab Regional Center for World Heritage, Shaykha Mai bint Mohammad al-Maqrîzî reports that during his day, the al-Khalîfa, has condemned the transfer of the monastery held only two monks. four sphinxes from Luxor’s Karnak Temple will The French Jesuit priest Father Michel be placed in Tahrîr Square. Marie Jullien (1827-1911) reported that the al-Khalîfa sent an official statement to the priest of the neighboring village Qasr Hur had Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities stating that cleared the church of debris and used the any changes to a site of this importance must church for the Divine Liturgy. (Angy Essam, be preceded by consulting the UNESCO “The uncover of 370 ancient coins at World Heritage Center, and presenting monastery of Saint Fânâ in Minyâ”, Egypt reports that evaluate the impact on the site Today, January 3, 2020. Voir également Fâdî itself, and other issues stipulated in the Francis, « Découverte de 370 monnaies operational guidelines of the World Heritage antiques dans le secteur de l’église Abû Fânâ Convention.” à Minyâ », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 3 janvier ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Mise au jour de 370 monnaies

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al-Khalîfa suggested that experts from the The officials followed up the latest Center and Egypt have to meet and find an developments in the mosque in preparation alternative solution to this decision. (“al- for its opening next week, in the presence of Khalîfa condemns the transfer of the sphinxes Secretary General of the Supreme Council of from Karnak Temple to Tahrîr square”, Egypt Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî; Assistant Minister Today, January 4, 2020. Voir également of Tourism and Antiquities for Engineering Ahmad Abû al-Haggâg, « Le ministère de Affairs Hishâm Samîr; Head of the Islamic, l’Archéologie entame le transfert vers Le Caire Coptic and Judaic Antiquities Sector Gamâl des béliers de Karnak », al-Shurûq, 8 janvier ; Mustafa and Head of the ministry’s Projects ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Démontage de 4 béliers du Sector Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ. temple de Karnak afin d’être transférés vers la place Tahrîr », Sada al-Balad, 8 janvier ; Muhammad al-Samkûrî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie entame le transfert vers Le Caire de 4 béliers de Karnak », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 10 janvier). - - Un groupe de 4 à 5 individus a effectué des fouilles archéologiques illicites à Tell al-

Miqdâm, situé dans la zone archéologique d’al-Daqahliyya. Les gardiens du site ont réussi The head of the Projects Sector indicated a arrêté l’un de ces malfaiteurs dénommé that the project cost nearly L.E 16 million. A.E.A., habitant du gouvernorat. Les pilleurs According to Gamâl Mustafa, the mosque ont creusé un trou de 160 cm sur 50 cm de consists of a main square for performing profondeur. Leurs outils utilisés ont été prayers upon which a dome is located. Three confisqués. Le site de Tell al-Miqdâm blocks of buildings with hallways and rooms (Léontopolis) a déjà été l’objet d’autres that serve the various purposes of the mosque tentatives de vol. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Tentative were attached to the prayer’s square from its déjouée de fouilles clandestines à Tell al- western, southern and eastern sides. Miqdâm », Sada al-Balad, 4 janvier 2020). - -

Dimanche 5 janvier 2020

Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, Minister of Awqâf Mukhtâr Gum‘a, and Governor of Cairo Khâlid ‘Abd al-‘Âl, visited Sunday the Royal Mosque of al-Fâtih in ‘Âbidîn, Cairo The main facade of the mosque is located on its western side, and overlooks the garden Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid of ‘Âbidîn Palace. Its height is 15.70 meters. al-‘Inânî, Minister of Awqâf Mukhtâr Gum‘a, The west facade is in the middle of the royal and Governor of Cairo Khâlid ‘Abd al-‘Âl, entrance to the mosque, and the minaret of visited Sunday the Royal Mosque of al-Fâtih in the mosque is located in the southeastern ‘Âbidîn, Cairo. corner.

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The mosque consists of an equilateral square surrounded by four huge red granite columns. The mihrâb, which is located in the center of the qibla wall, has been decorated with an unparalleled type of colored marble in the form of bars. The minbar is decorated with floral inscriptions deeply carved and painted with gold. Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad al-Qâsimî Egypt Today reveals details of the artifacts returned by Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad al- Qâsimî, Member of the Supreme Council and Ruler of Sharjah, to Egypt. The artifacts totaled up to 425 rare Egyptian artifacts from several eras. The artifacts are returned to Egypt in a touch of love and appreciation from the new ruler of Sharjah to Egypt, which has played and still plays an active and vital educational and enlightening role in the Arab countries. The history of the artifacts that reached Cairo coming from Sharjah, dates back to

different time periods from the pre-fourth The mosque is located on ‘Âbidîn Street millennium B.C. ages, and different Pharaonic and occupies the eastern part of ‘Âbidîn eras; The Ptolemaic Era from the fourth Palace. It was established by ‘Âbidîn al-Amîr century to the first century BC, the Roman Bey. Adjacent to his palace, is a small mosque period from the first century BC to the second known as Al-Fateh Mosque. century AD and the Coptic era from the fourth to the sixth century AD. ‘Âbidîn Bey worked to renew the mosque, so the mosque was named after him, ‘Âbidîn Mosque. The mosque dates back to the era of King Fu’âd I 1338 AH / 1918, where King Fu’âd ordered the renewal of the Mosque. The old entrance and minaret were preserved. It was set up in the style of Ottoman mosques, and its space has been doubled. (Mustafa Marie, “al-Fâtih Mosque restoration works cost L.E 16M”, Egypt Today, January 5, 2020. Voir également Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Une semaine avant son inauguration, les ministres de l’Archéologie et des Waqfs inspectent la mosquée al-Fath », al-Shurûq, 5 janvier ; Amal Gamâl, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de The artifacts also include vitrified stone, l’Archéologie inspecte la mosquée al-Fath », porcelain, wood and bronze sculptures Watanî, 5 janvier). representing ancient Egyptian deities, in addition to wooden coffins decorated with colors, in addition to human and animal - - mummies; birds, fish, and necklaces and bracelets of precious stones. The artifacts also

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Janvier 2020 contain pendants, and animal models of hawks varied, ranging from green faience, wood and and fish made from alabaster and timber. pottery. A large group of copper-encrusted eyes seized at Sharjah International Airport were also returned, in addition to a group of golden fingers and textile remains with pharaonic drawings. As for the Egyptian-Islamic artifacts, were two stone tablets and a glass disc bearing Islamic inscriptions.

al-Qâsimî was keen that the process of Sheikh al-Qâsimî, the ruler of Sharjah, is handing over the historical artifacts must be considered one of the biggest enthusiasts in carried out under his personal supervision. It Arab heritage and its preservation, believing was received from the Egyptian side by in its historical importance and great value in representatives of the Egyptian Ministry of enriching the heritage of all humanity. Antiquities who were present at Cairo al-Qâsimî, upon his arrival at Cairo Airport International Airport upon his arrival on the in 2017, returned to Egypt a total of 354 afternoon of Jan. 5. (Mustafa Marie, “Al- artifacts that were seized and confiscated by Sharjah ruler returns 425 rare artifacts to the customs officers at Sharjah International Egypt”, Egypt Today, January 5, 2020. Voir Airport. It is a group of confiscated artifacts of également Ahmad Mansûr, « al-Qâsimî great importance in their archaeological and restitue à l’Égypte des sarcophages colorés, historical value dating back to the Pharaonic des statues en pierre et des momies », al- period and some Islamic eras. The pieces Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 5 janvier ; « L’émir de Charjah included boxes containing pieces that have offre à l’Égypte 425 pièces antiques varied in its material, some of which were exceptionnelles », Sada al-Balad, 5 janvier ; made of diorite stone, while other pieces were “Governor of UAE’s Sharjah returns 425 made of limestone, in addition to a group of ancient artefacts to Egypt”, Egypt copper and wooden artifacts. Independent, January 5 ; Muhammad Mitwallî, Among the 354 artifacts returned to Egypt « La restitution des antiquités égyptiennes par in 2017, were limestone slabs and a number of l’émir de Charjah est un acte louable », al- stone obelisks of various sizes containing Watan, 5 janvier ; « L’émir de Charjah offre à hieroglyphic drawings and writings, in addition l’Égypte 425 pièces antiques to black diorite statues, one of them exceptionnelles », al-Ahrâm, 5 janvier). resembling the famous Sphinx, and numerous - - Ushabtis , which were carved as servants of the deceased in their after-life journey, Egyptian archaeologists have discovered a according to the prevailing belief in that new artifact at the tomb of Tutankhamen, as period. The materials of the Ushabti statues they were transporting some of the king’s

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Janvier 2020 treasures from the tomb in Luxor to the Grand representative of other government agencies Egyptian Museum. in order to relay their expertise on a relevant topic. This discovery was announced in a documentary film titled "Secrets of the Valley According to the decision, this ministerial of the Kings in Egypt" broadcast on the committee aims to resolve all obstacles that English Channel 5, according to the Express impede on the activities of tourism and newspaper in the UK. antiquities, as well as cooperating in maximising tourism and antiquities revenues, (…) The newspaper further clarified that as well as maximising the museums’ revenues. 300 miles south of the city of Luxor, ‘Îsa Zaydân, an Egyptian archaeologist, tried to The committee will work on setting up a transport 122 artifacts from the tomb of King mechanism to tighten security systems in Tut to the Grand Egyptian Museum. various tourist and archaeological areas, after coordinating with all concerned authorities. During the transportation process, the archaeological team discovered one of the The Ministerial Committee is also original boxes that Howard Carter used to concerned with resolving all the problems transport Tut’s treasures from the grave, related to the air transport system and travel placed on the side of the storage pit. Inside organisers in Egyptian airports, in addition to the box, the archaeologists discovered a operating new airlines to provide sufficient air precious piece of Tutankhamen’s belongings. flights to transport tourists from different places to Egypt. The newly discovered artifact is a piece of wood, which is believed to be part of a group On Saturday, Egypt’s Minister of Tourism of model ships Carter discovered in and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî announced Tutankhamen’s grave. The British newspaper Madbûlî’s approval of establishing a tourism explained that Tut’s ships were placed in his task group, similar to the economic ministerial tomb because Egyptians believed they will be committee. The group includes the ministries used by the deceased to embark on the of Antiquities and Tourism, Culture, Aviation, journey of the afterlife. (Mustafa Marie, Interior, Finance, and the Federation of Tourist “Unique artifact discovered in Tutankhamen’s Chambers. tomb”, Egypt Today, January 5, 2020). Commenting on this decision, chairperson - - of the Egyptian Hotels Association in Red Sea, ‘Alâ’ ‘Aqil and the Treasurer of Cultural Egypt’s Prime Minister formed a ministerial Tourism Association, Ihâb ‘Abd al-‘Âal told committee for tourism and antiquities. The Daily News Egypt that this decision is a committee will implement a number of tasks, positive one as it will help in coordinating including maximising the two sectors’ between the different ministries. (“Madbûlî revenues and developing security systems for chairs ministerial committee for tourism, archaeological sites and museums. antiquities”, Daily News Egypt, January 5, The cabinet said in a press statement that 2020). the committee will be formed and chaired by - - Madbûlî, while committee members will be made up of the ministers of Tourism and Lundi 6 janvier 2020 Antiquities, Culture, Finance, Local Development, Health, Environment, and Civil Tourists in Egypt flocked to Queen Aviation, in addition to a representative of the Temple on Monday to witness the Ministry of Interior, and the Chairperson of the sun fall perpendicular on the holy shrines of Egyptian Tourism Federation. the ancient monument, a unique astronomical The decision stipulated that the committee phenomenon marking the ancient Egyptian can invite any minister, governor, or festival of the Goddess Hathor.

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A group of Japanese tourists visited the temple, which is located west of Egypt’s Luxor, in order to witness the phenomenon, with dozens of visitors from countries around the world taking photos inside the complex. The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut was constructed to fit seamlessly into the area’s surrounding landscape and high cliffs, and the temple was designed on a solar axis to receive the winter sun. The sun falls perpendicular to the temple’s holy shrines on January 6 and December 9, which used to mark celebrations Head of the Supreme Council of Antiquities for the ancient Egyptian goddess Hathor and Mustafa Wazîrî said that the uncovered blocks the god Horus, who served as a symbol of were transferred to the recently discovered royal power and legitimacy in . Ptolemy IV Temple located in al-Sûq area of The deities were celebrated by ancient the same village. Egyptians in separate winter feasts, during The restorers, who conducted the first which various religious rituals were performed. examination of the limestone blocks, indicate President of the Egyptian Association for that the blocks belong to a shrine of the god Archaeological and Tourism Development Osiris, and that they date back to the era of Ayman Abû Zayd has pointed out that these King Ptolemy I. types of astronomical events attract tourists from around the world to Egypt. He explained that the movement of celestial bodies was linked to religious customs among ancient Egyptians, who were keen to build their religious temples in relation to light emitted by the sun, moon and stars. (“Tourists flock to Egypt’s Hatshepsut Temple to catch glimpse of rare astronomical phenomenon”, Egypt Independent, January 6, 2020). The first block is irregular in shape and bears decorative units representing the facade - - of the palace, while the second block is rectangular and features two scenes. The right Mardi 7 janvier 2020 scene shows King Ptolemy providing clothes to Osiris, who sits on the throne, and the left The Egyptian mission working in Suhâg scene shows King Ptolemy presenting another discovered five ancient limestone blocks of different sizes. BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 18

Janvier 2020 type of clothing to the god Osiris, who sits on Shaqâw à Suhâg », al-Ahrâm, 7 janvier ; ‘Alâ’ the throne. al-Minyâwî, « Découverte de 5 blocs archéologiques à Suhâg », Sada al-Balad, 7 The third block is also rectangular and janvier ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Découverte de 5 blocs depicts King Ptolemy presenting a necklace to de calcaire à Kom Shaqâw à Suhâg », Watanî, Osiris who sits on the throne, with his sister Isis 7 janvier). behind him. - - The Fourth block contains three rows of scenes representing King Ptolemy in front of Osiris, who sits on the throne, and behind Osiris stands a goddess. The upper row is completely lost, leaving only the legs of the king, the base of the throne of Osiris, and the feet of the deity standing behind him.

The restored statue - ET Mallawî Museum announced the result of the voting on the artifact of the month. Four artifacts were competing on the museum’s official pages on social media. The museum’s management announced that the winning piece is a double limestone statue dating back to the Old Kingdom’s Sixth Dynasty. The artifact will be displayed in Mallawî Museum until the end of January. The statue was discovered in Mîr region

and is 87 cm in height. It was restored after the unfortunate events that hit the museum in As for the middle row, it contains a 2013 at the hands of the Muslim Brotherhood. preserved scene of King Ptolemy giving two windings to god Osiris, who sits on the throne, Mallawî Museum was established on June while the goddess Nephthys stands behind 23, 1962 in Minyâ during the era of late him. The two windings may contain green eye President Gamâl ‘Abd al-Nâsir. It consisted of lacquer. two floors with four halls showing Pharaonic, Greek, Roman and Coptic artifacts, in addition The upper end of the lower row of the fifth to the artifacts of Tûna al-Gabal, the block is the only thing remaining; it holds a Asmunites, Tell al-Amarna, and Medieval scene depicting King Ptolemy in front of Osiris Egypt. sitting on the throne and the god Horus standing behind him. (Angy Essam, “5 The museum was subjected to unfortunate Ptolemaic limestone blocks discovered in violence and theft, after the dispersal of Rab’a Suhâg”, Egypt Today, January 7, 2020. Voir and Nahda sit-ins in 2013. également « Découverte de 5 stèles It took more than 3 years to restore and archéologiques à Tamâ », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 7 develop the museum. It now contains 944 janvier ; Fâdî Francis, « Des fouilles de artifacts, including 441 old exhibits, and 503 sauvetage mettent au jour 5 blocs antiques à new ones from the Bahnasâ, al-Ashmûnayn Kom Shaqâw à Suhâg », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 7 and Minyâ stores. janvier ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Une mission de sauvetage exhume 5 blocs de calcaire à Kom BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 19

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The total cost of the museum’s preparation for the launch of the palace’s development project reached LE 11 million comprehensive restoration project. distributed between Minyâ Governorate, which provided LE 1,150,000 of the governorate’s funds; and an Italian grant worth LE 4 million in the form of display cases for the museum’s exhibition halls. The grant comes within the framework of the debt swap project. The exhibiting scenario inside the museum was changed, beginning with a statue of a family, representing an important pillar in any community. The museum consists of only three exhibition halls. The fourth hall has been converted into a place for children’s educational activities, in addition to a library for scientific research to serve university This was confirmed by Mahmûd ‘Abd al- students in Minyâ and Asyût. Bâsit, director of the Historic Cairo Development Project. ‘Abd al-Bâsit said that A lecture hall was added, as the museum’s studies of the advisory office for the new administration found that the communal restoration of al-Sakâkînî Palace will be role of the museum should be revitalized. examined soon. New files are also added Mallawî Museum was reopened on September regarding the re-usage of the palace 22, 2017. (Mustafa Marie, “Ancient statue according to its construction nature. damaged by MB restored, exhibited in Mallawî Museum”, Egypt Today, January 7, The director of the Historic Cairo 2020). Development Project further explained that - - after studying the submitted proposals, the restoration project of the 119-year-old palace will be assigned to a company, under the supervision of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Head of the Projects Sector at the Ministry of Antiquities Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ revealed that additional restoration works are currently taking place in the palace. The palace is scheduled to open in 2020. al-Sakâkînî Palace is 119 years old and was owned by Habîb Pasha al-Sakâkînî, who died in 1923. He gifted the palace to one of his heirs who worked as the palace’s doctor. In 1961, the Health Education Museum was moved from ‘Âbidîn to the al-Sakâkînî Palace. The museum was then moved from the palace, for the palace to become eventually under the auspices of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. The council is currently examining the studies submitted by the consultant in

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The palace includes a collection of unique Workers on a sanitation project in Dandît artifacts, including "Durat al-Tâg” girl statue, village, located in Egypt’s al-Daqahliyya as well as the remains of a statue of a Governorate, discovered on Monday large crocodile. The palace is decorated with figures blocks of stone with what appear to be of girls and children and statues made of inscriptions in the hieroglyphic language. marble. It contains more than fifty rooms and The company responsible for work on the up to five floors. The palace has more than project immediately reported the discovery to 400 windows and doors and 300 statues, Mît Ghamr police station. Police moved to the including a half-statue of Habîb Pasha al- site where the workers were digging, which is Sakâkînî at the top of the main entrance to the near the cemetery of the village, and found palace. large blocks of stone with Pharaonic-like inscriptions and symbols, at a depth of about 4 to 15 meters.

Eyewitnesses said that the village is The palace also contains a basement; its thought to house a number of Pharaonic pillars are surrounded by four towers, each artefacts yet to be excavated. with a small dome on top. The basement has Digging for the sanitation project has been three spacious halls, four toilets, two rooms. It stopped and security guards were deployed is devoid of decorations, and was made for to the site of the discovery. The al-Daqahliyya servants and kitchens. (Mustafa Marie, “All you Antiquities Department was also notified to need to know about renovating al-Sakâkînî examine the blocks of stone discovered by the Palace”, Egypt Today, January 7, 2020. Voir workers, later confirming that the pieces in également Ahmad Mansûr, « Travaux de question are authentic antiquities. restauration du palais al-Sakâkînî », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 janvier). Secretary-General of the Supreme Council - - of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî also confirmed in a statement that the stone blocks were determined to be authentic archaeological findings. The artefacts discovered at the site include two stone blocks from alabaster with inscriptions featuring hieroglyphics, he added. The first is rectangular, 108 cm long, 64 cm wide, and 30 cm thick. The second block is slightly smaller, at 80 cm long, 64 cm wide, and 24 cm thick.

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“Secrets of Archeology: Tutankhamun, Pyramids and Mummies" for al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Basîr. ‘Abd al-Basîr is the director of the (BA) Antiquities Museum. This comes in preparation for the book’s participating in the Cairo International Book Fair, which is scheduled to start on January 22, 2020. “This book comes at a very important time The third block is made of limestone and is to answer many important questions that devoid of any inscriptions, measuring in at 68 attempt to challenge the great ancient cm long, 45 cm wide and 40 cm thick. Pottery Egyptian civilization. It also explains the fragments were also discovered at the site. magic, beauty, secrets of and treasures of Pharaonic Egypt that enchanted and still Wazîrî stressed that digging work for the enchants the whole world, especially the sanitation project has been halted, with the secrets of the golden Pharaoh Tutankhamun, blocks set to be transferred to a museum the great Egyptian pyramids and the charming storehouse. He added that an archaeological Egyptian mummies,” said Chairman of the mission will be dispatched to the area to carry Egyptian-Russian Foundation for Culture and out excavations for other potential artefacts. Science Husayn al-Shâfi‘î. (“Workers in al-Daqahliyya village stumble upon Pharaonic artefacts”, Egypt (…) “By discovering the Rosetta Stone and Independent, January 7, 2020. Voir également deciphering the ancient , it Sâlih Ramadân, « Découverte archéologique à became clear to the whole world that Egypt is al-Daqahliyya », al-Watan, 6 janvier ; Ghâda the cradle and land of civilizations. In Egypt, ‘Abd al-Hâfiz, « Mise au jour de 3 pièces history and human civilization were born archéologiques à al-Daqahliyya », al-Masrî al- thousands of years ago. Wherever you go, you Yawm, 6 janvier ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, will definitely find a part of the history of Egypt « Authentification des 3 pièces antiques as well as part of the history of the world. découverte à al-Daqahliyya », al-Shurûq, 6 Therefore, we will not be wrong if we say that janvier ; Amal Gamâl, « Nouvelles découvertes Egypt and history are identical twins in archéologiques à Dandît à Mît Ghamr », everything. The story of the discovery of Watanî, 6 janvier). Pharaonic Egypt and the deciphering of the - - secrets of the civilization was the moment when humanity learned its ancient Mercredi 8 janvier 2020 glory; when science prevailed and human civilization manifested itself in the most wonderful forms represented in ancient Egypt. The magic of Pharaonic Egypt still captures our eyes, fascinates our minds and lights our way. All love and appreciation to ancient Egypt, its eternal civilization, and the ancient Egyptians, the owners of the first civilization that taught the world, and was truly the dawn of the human conscience in the whole world."

concluded ‘Abd al-Basîr. The book cover - ET It is worth noting that ‘Abd al-Basîr is an The Egyptian Russian Foundation for archaeologist and novelist. He obtained a Culture and Science will issue a book titled bachelor’s degree in ancient Egyptian BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 22

Janvier 2020 antiquities at the Faculty of Archeology, Cairo moved from the temples to Cairo along with University, and received his master’s and an obelisk from the Sân al-Hagar doctorate degrees in ancient Egyptian archaeological site in Zaqâzîq. archaeology and history of the ancient Near The obelisk was transported four months East at Johns Hopkins University, USA. ago in blocks as it was discovered in situ, and ‘Abd al-Basîr has written a number of it is now under restoration before it is erected books, scientific articles and novels. He held in the square. many positions inside and outside Egypt, and To prepare the four sphinxes for their was a supervisor and director of the journey to Tahrîr Square, a team of restorers archaeological work at the National Museum from the Ministry of Tourism Antiquities is of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât, Grand giving the sandstone statues a facelift, in order Egyptian Museum in Gîza, Great Pyramids to ensure that they are in safe condition when Antiquities Area in Gîza, UNESCO, the they arrive to capture the hearts of Cairenes. Department of Scientific Publishing, Ministry of Antiquities, among others. They are to be unveiled as part of grand opening of the new-look square within the ‘Abd al-Basîr recently received the honor of next couple of months. the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Kairo (DAIK) and was granted permanent The decision to move the sphinxes was not membership of the institute, a proof he is one welcomed by all, however. Some oppose the of the most important archaeologists in Egypt move, thinking that the sphinxes are part of and the world. (Mustafa Marie, “ERFCS to the famous Avenue of Sphinxes in Luxor that publish al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Basîr’s book”, Egypt once connected the city to the Karnak Today, January 8, 2020). Temples, while others say the sphinxes would - - be damaged in the square as it is one of most crowded and polluted areas of Cairo. Mahmûd D., instituteur âgé de 46 ans, a There have been claims that people could été arrêté pour fouilles archéologiques illicites damage the sphinxes by sitting or writing on sous les fondations d’une maison située à them. Some social-network users have raised Abshanâ dans le gouvernorat de Banî Swayf. fears that the polluted Cairo air will damage L’accusé se faisait assister par Ragab N., the statues, wanting to see them remain in ouvrier de 29 ans, Mahmûd S., ouvrier de 23 their original habitat. ans, et dix autres complices. La perquisition du domicile a révélé la présence d’un puits de Supporters of the move say it is a good 4 m de diamètre sur 10 m de profondeur. decision as the sphinxes and the obelisk are (‘Amr Ragab, « Arrestation d’un instituteur et symbols of Egypt’s distinguished heritage, and de 12 autres personnes pour fouilles this should be represented in Tahrîr Square clandestines à Banî Swayf », al-Watan, 8 which has witnessed important political events janvier 2020). in the history of modern Egypt. - - “I really appreciate the pride of the Egyptians in their heritage, but what has been Jeudi 9 janvier 2020 spread in social media and in the newspapers is unfounded,” Khâlid al-‘Inânî, the minister of For almost 3,000 years, dozens of ram- Tourism and Antiquities, told Al-Ahram headed sphinxes have been decorating areas Weekly. of the awe-inspiring Karnak Temples in the He said the ram-headed sphinxes that will ancient city of Luxor. Today, within the be transported to Tahrîr Square were not from framework of the government’s efforts to those lining the famous Avenue of Sphinxes, develop and decorate Cairo’s iconic Tahrîr now under restoration within the framework of Square, four ram-headed sphinxes will be a development project that has cost tens of

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Janvier 2020 millions of pounds and is scheduled to open Ancient Egyptian Antiquities,” he told the soon. Weekly. “All precautionary measures have been taken to preserve them.” “The sphinxes that will be transferred to Cairo are those located in the first courtyard Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary-general of behind the first pylon of the temples,” al-‘Inânî Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA), said. said the transfer of the statues would be carried out amid tight security and that They will be placed on high mounts, and precautions would be taken to prevent next to them will be the obelisk which was vandalism once they were installed in Cairo. damaged in the Sân al-Hagar area of the al- Sharqiyya governorate and is currently under “No one will be able to carve their names restoration. onto historical objects on public display,” Wazîrî said. al-‘Inânî said that this would be the fifth obelisk to have been restored and re-erected A source at the ministry who requested recently. The first two were left in situ after anonymity said that a letter circulated on restoration, while two others were transported social media signed by chair of UNESCO’s to decorate the City of Culture and Art in the Arab Regional Centre for World Heritage New Administrative Capital and a fifth was voicing concerns at the move did not transported from the Andalusia Gardens in represent the views of the UN organisation, as Zamâlik to New al-‘Alamayn city. the centre only operates “under the auspices of UNESCO”. As for the obelisk for Tahrîr Square, this is 18m tall and will be placed on a high base, He explained that this was a UNESCO preventing any hands from reaching it. The Category Two Centre, and “this type of entity four sphinxes will surround the obelisk, and is not legally considered part of the they will look towards the four cardinal organisation.” The source said that the directions as part of the Tahrîr Square transportation did not conflict with the charter Development Project scheduled to be of UNESCO, especially since Egypt was fully completed within two months. committed to the goals of the organisation and cooperated fully with it. “The ministry has transported 50,000 artefacts to the new Grand Egyptian Museum ‘Abd al-Rahîm Rayhân, director of research, (GEM), in addition to 15,000 objects to the archaeological studies and scientific National Museum of Civilisation (NMEC), publishing in South Sinai, said that the without a single piece being damaged,” al- transportation of the four sphinxes out of a ‘Inânî said, adding that the antiquities’ total of 60 statues from Luxor did not transportation technique used in Egypt was contradict international agreements, including very advanced and secured the objects the Venice Charter on heritage conservation against any damage. which says that objects can be moved as part of efforts to safeguard them. “All precautionary and security measures will be taken to keep the obelisk and the “This is decided according to global or sphinxes safe,” he added. local interest,” he said, adding that the statues behind the first pylon had been moved in Mustafa al-Saghîr, head of the Karnak antiquity to expand the temples, and the Temples, said the four statues were from a public interest today required their transfer for recently discovered cache that was apparently protection. Their relocation in Cairo’s Tahrîr moved to their current location in about 700- Square had been decided by experts at the 800 BCE. ministry in order to beautify one of the most “The decision to remove them was made famous squares in Egypt. after exhaustive studies by experts and after the approval of the Permanent Committee for

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Tahrîr Square is currently under Egyptian artefacts and warning that if they buy development in preparation for the transfer of such a statue or coffin, we will break off the obelisk, and the façades of shops and cooperation with them. If someone wants to buildings are being repainted in order to excavate in Egypt, they can’t be involved in restore the square to its original grandeur. dealing in antiquities. If any evidence is found (Nevine El-Aref, “Sphinxes for Tahrîr Square”, linking a person (Egyptian or foreigner) to the Al-Ahram Weekly, January 9, 2019. Voir trade in antiquities, then all ties must be également Sulaymân Gûda, « Le transfert des broken. He or she has no place among us. 4 sphinx criocéphales suscite de However, for all those who are upset to l’inquiétude ! », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 8 janvier ; hear this issue and want to help, it is also Mustafa Marie, “Karnak Temples’ Rams important that they understand the history of transfer process launched”, Egypt Today, the antiquities market. January 8). - - There have been many examples of museums that have bought stolen artefacts Some world museums are still over past years. It happened when I was the following the methods of the past and head of the Gîza Plateau and the late Ahmad buying antiquities that have been Qadrî was head of antiquities, for example. stolen in Egypt, writes Zâhî Hawwâs. We received information that the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston had bought some reliefs The auctioneers Christie’s and Sotheby’s stolen from the Old Kingdom tombs at Dayr are famous institutions where antiquities are al-Gabrâwî. auctioned almost every month. We see the I travelled with the late Gamâl Mukhtâr to sales of stelae, statues, ushabtis, pottery and the opening of the Ramses II exhibition at the furniture there, but little is done to stop them. Museum of Science in Boston in 1988. We had We also see museums buying stolen Egyptian lunch with the director of the Museum of Fine artefacts without consulting the Ministry of Arts and asked for the return of the reliefs. The Antiquities in Cairo. If we review a few director agreed, and the reliefs went back to examples of the auction sales, the last notable Egypt. When we examined the accompanying one was for the head of a statue of the ancient paperwork, we discovered that the person Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun. who had sold the reliefs to the museum had The auction house in question did not want forged the signatures of the Cairo Museum to present the Ministry of Antiquities with any authorities, because before 1983 one could documents to show that the head had left take antiquities outside the country, but Egypt legally, and at the same time the UK before transporting them one needed to authorities did not want to see evidence that obtain permission with a stamp from the Cairo the statue had come to the country in an Museum verifying that they had left Egypt illegal way. Eventually, the statue was sold to legally. an anonymous buyer. The auctioneers did not The late William Kelly Simpson, a great want to reveal the name of the person who Egyptologist and the curator of Egyptian art at had paid $6 million to buy the head. We the museum, told me that they had brought expect that this will not now go to a museum the Dayr al-Gabrâwî reliefs rather than let but will be shown in the house of a rich them be bought by a rich man who would person. There are many similar examples of hide them in his home. But in my opinion if artefacts that are tucked away in the houses of museums are open to buying stolen artefacts, wealthy individuals. this will increase the theft of antiquities. In my opinion, the major problem here is The second example is the Saint Louis Art with the museums. We in Egypt have written Museum in the US that bought the funerary letters in the past to museums all over the mask of a 19th-Dynasty noble-woman world requesting them not to buy stolen

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Kanefernefer. The museum claimed that it had Cairo and promised that he would return written to the Cairo Museum, but it had still them, but said the process would take many bought the mask despite the fact that it was months. I asked him how an Egyptologist registered at the Cairo Museum as an object could consider buying reliefs that were known in the collection. We had many disputes with to be procured illegally. I cannot find an the Saint Louis Museum, and I still cannot answer to this question. believe it can have this mask knowing very I waited more than six months, but nothing well that it was stolen. happened. Then the Louvre applied to work at What do they tell children visiting the Saqqâra in Egypt, and the Permanent museum? This is a very unethical practice, and Committee for Antiquities stopped the work. I will not stop talking about the scandal that it Later, as I was going to give a talk to an has created. The Homeland Security American group, I received a call from the Department in the United States tried to help office of former president Husnî Mubârak. The us on this matter, but without success. The president said that former president Nicolas authorities at this museum are very stubborn Sarkozy of France had called and said we had and do not want to return the mask. stopped the excavation by the Louvre at This mummy mask of Kanefernefer has an Saqqâra. extraordinary presence, with its combination I asked the president if he had time to of glass inlaid eyes, a gilded face with a listen to the story, which I then explained to shimmering, almost lifelike translucence, and a him. The president said that we had done the realistic wig. The craftsman who fashioned the right thing. He said he would be travelling to wig out of thick resin carefully cut and France and asked me to send some modelled the plaits of hair in the latest style. archaeologists to receive the reliefs. These The red gold colouring of the skin is the result items eventually returned to their rightful of oxidation on the metal surface, which may home. be purposeful or merely the product of the sulphurous fumes given off by the resinous Yet another story concerns a museum and wig. The band around the mask’s head and its the sale of a statue from its collection purely eyes are inlaid with glass. for financial gain. This had never happened before in the history of museums, but it All this is written on the official label about occurred at the Northampton Museum in the mask. I have told the Saint Louis Museum England. The latter sold a fifth Dynasty statue authorities that they should return the mask to of the scribe Sekhemka to a person who has Egypt. If not, I will continue to publicise this tucked it away as his private property, case. meaning that no one can now access this A CASE AT THE LOUVRE. Another case I beautiful sculpture. This unethical practice is would like to mention is connected with the scandalous, and the museum lost its Louvre Museum in Paris. I found out when I accreditation as a result, making it ineligible was the head of antiquities that the Louvre for funding from many sources. had bought four reliefs stolen from a private Other museums have maintained their tomb on the west bank at Luxor. When the reputations and sense of duty. For example, thieves had entered the tomb, they had cut the University of Pennsylvania Museum of out specific reliefs and damaged the whole Archaeology and Anthropology in Philadelphia wall. If one goes to see the wall of the tomb has never bought artefacts from a dealer today, it is clear that the reliefs were taken, auction house. The Metropolitan Museum of and one can see that all the paintings on the Art in New York in the time of curator wall were damaged. Dorothea Arnold helped us a lot in returning I wrote a letter to the director of the Louvre many stolen artefacts and even guided us to to ask for the return of the reliefs. He came to many cases.

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However, recently the Met returned a buildings and artefacts belonged to the beautiful Ptolemaic gold coffin to Egypt that government of Egypt. had been acquired illegally. It had never The 1912 law said that any monuments consulted with the Ministry of Antiquities found either under or above the ground about the acquisition, and US Homeland belonged to the Egyptian government. Security collaborated with the Manhattan However, these laws protecting antiquities still district attorney in discovering that the coffin permitted their sale, even if they said that the had been stolen during the turbulence of the antiquities dealer needed a licence from the 2011 Revolution in Egypt. I do not know how antiquities service to buy and sell them and the attorney-general of New York was involved that all monuments that left the country should in the case, but this facilitated the return of the be purchased by a licensed antiquities dealer. coffin. The law further established that the transport All the papers that the dealer had given the of artefacts without a licence was punishable Met were fake. I hope that the Met will learn by a year’s imprisonment. from this case and follow in the footsteps of Antiquities Law 215/1951 confirmed a Dorothea Arnold. practice that was already extant: foreign HISTORY OF ANTIQUITIES. The first time expeditions had permission to take 50 per that monuments left Egypt was during the cent of their discoveries in Egypt except for a Roman Period, when many ancient Egyptian tomb found intact or a royal statue of obelisks were moved to Rome. limestone. This practice was highlighted during the discovery of the bust of (a In the 19th century, Muhammad ‘Alî gave statue made out of limestone) and also the gifts of antiquities to the crown prince of discovery of the , which Austria that formed the nucleus of the could not be taken out as it was found intact. Egyptian antiquities collection at the art museum in Vienna. In fact, a consular Another law was issued in 1983, number delegation was appointed in Luxor for the 117, that stopped the sale of antiquities but purpose of transferring mummies and other gave foreign missions 10 per cent of any finds. artefacts to receiving countries. When I became the head of antiquities in Egypt, we stopped that 10 per cent. In 2010, Egyptian antiquities became even more the law changed again, making those caught important after the world discovered the value stealing of defacing land on which there were of the Rosetta Stone and the hieroglyphic antiquities subject to increased jail sentences. language that was deciphered by the French scholar Champollion in the early 19th century. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Nile was The Rosetta Stone went to the British Museum often tapped by foreign adventurers. The Day in 1801 in an agreement between England al-Baharî cache of royal mummies found in and France. Egyptian antiquities then began 1881 by the ‘Abd al-Rasûl family revealed that to be sold under several decrees and laws, the sale of other objects from the cache had with museums around the world buying them taken place before the government came to and adding them to their collections. excavate it, for example. One mummy, that of Ramses I, left the cache to end up in the On 12 August 1897, a decree by the Niagara Falls Museum. The great German khedive ‘Abbâs Hilmî stated that anyone Egyptologist Arne Eggebrecht saw this taking antiquities belonging to the mummy and rightfully said it was the mummy government would be fined 50 to 100 piastres of a king. as well as given a jail sentence of three to seven days. Another decree, this one Bonnie Speed, the director of the Michael promulgated by Prime minister Ismâ‘îl Sirrî in C Carlos Museum, later asked the people of December 1909, established that all ancient Atlanta in the US to save the mummy when the Niagara Falls Museum was closed, and

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Janvier 2020 they did indeed but it. When I confirmed Dimanche 12 janvier 2020 through scientific evidence that the mummy did in fact belong to a king, Speed agreed to return it to Egypt. She is another lady whose name will be engraved in gold. Meanwhile, the famous bust of Nefertiti in the Berlin Museum left Egypt illegally, and we later collected all the necessary evidence that Ludwig Borchardt, its discoverer, took the bust without legal permission. At that time, the law did not permit any royal statue made of limestone to exit the country. Borchardt wrote in his diary, which no one read except him, La Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités that it was a bust of Nefertiti made of d’Asyût a mis en examen A.H., agriculteur âgé limestone. But in the registry, which would be de 35 ans, pour vol et recel de 39 pièces seen by the authorities, he wrote that it was a archéologiques. Il s’agit de 8 ouchebtis en royal statue made of gypsum. Borchardt put calcaire, inscrits et décorés, de différentes the bust in a box with other objects. The head tailles (8 à 18 cm) et formes, de 4 autres of antiquities at the time did not open the pièces pharaoniques, de 25 monnaies et d’une box, and Borchardt hid it in Germany for 10 amphore (40 cm) d’époque gréco-romaine. La years. perquisition de son domicile a conduit les policiers à la découverte d’un puits de 2 x 2 m I collected all this information and received et d’une profondeur de 2,5 m. Les pièces permission from the Prime minister to send antiques, les outils utilisés pour creuser ainsi the file to Germany. The authorities in que le domicile ont été saisis. Une instruction Germany wrote back to say that they needed judiciaire a été ouverte. (Nevine Mustafa, the letter to be signed by the minister. When I « Arrestation d’un paysan en possession de 39 received this response, I was in fact the pièces datant des époques pharaonique et minister of antiquities, but I did not have time grecque », al-Ahrâm, 12 janvier 2020. Voir during the troubles of 2011 to sign the letter. également Ashraf ‘Imrân, « Un agriculteur I am now organising a committee of d’Asyût arrêté en possession de 39 pièces Egyptian and foreign intellectuals that will antiques », al-Ahrâm, 13 janvier). write a petition to ask the return of the - - Nefertiti bust from Berlin. Il also think that the Rosetta Stone and the Zodiac from the ceiling Lundi 13 janvier 2020 of the Temple of Dandara, now in the Louvre, should also come back to Egypt. In the past, imperialism permitted the treasures of Africa to be taken out of the continent. Now, there is an awakening, and those objects should come back to Africa. But some museums are still using the methods of the past to buy stolen artefacts for their own benefit. This is a shameful practice. (Zâhî Hawwâs, “Antiquities in the wrong hands”, Al- al-‘Inânî, al-Fiqî, Hawwâs and Husnî Ahram Weekly, January 9, 2020). in a memorial photo in GEM -ET Upon the invitation of Minister of Tourism - - and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, former minister of culture Fârûq Husnî, former

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Janvier 2020 minister of antiquities Zâhî Hawwâs and work of extracting the wooden parts of the director of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina boat continues on a regular basis. Mustafa al-Fiqî visited the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) today. Minister al-‘Inânî and ‘Âtif Muftâh, the supervisor general of the GEM project, received the three guests and took them on a tour of the atrium, the grand staircase, Tutankhamun’s galleries and the hanging obelisk.

Khufu’s ship restoration It is expected that the team will finish lifting the wooden pieces from the hole and completing the initial restoration and documentation of all the pieces in mid 2020. Yoshimura clarified that the number of pieces of wood in Khufu’s second ship is about 1260 pieces. Some 1160 pieces were extracted by the team; 1030 artifacts have been restored, and 942 artifacts have been During the tour, Husnî expressed his transferred to the Grand Egyptian Museum to happiness with the work being achieved at the date. The team will begin to develop a special new museum, which he described as a dream study to assemble the boat inside the Grand come true. Egyptian Museum. He also expressed his appreciation and respect for President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî for the special care and attention he has shown in following up on the work at the museum, which he said will be Egypt’s gift to humanity. He also thanked al-‘Inânî, Muftâh and all the Egyptians who have worked on the project and the tremendous efforts they are exerting to complete it. (Nevine El-Aref, “Former ministers, Bibliotheca Alexandrina director visit Grand Egyptian Museum”, Ahram Online, January 13, 2020. Voir également Mustafa Marie, “GEM will be Sîsî’s ‘gift to humanity’: ex Minister Fârûq Husnî”, Egypt Today, January 13). - -

Mardi 14 janvier 2020 Director of restoration at Khufu’s second Sakuji Yoshimura, president of the Higashi ship project ‘Îsa Zaydân added that once the International University of Japan and head of artifacts are extracted, they are documented the Restoration Project of Khufu’s ship said the using 3D imaging technology. This method of documentation gives very precise and clear

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Janvier 2020 details. All parts will be scanned to computers momies animales. Enfin, le troisième prix a été before re-assembling, to avoid any possible attribué au restaurateur Muhammad Gâd. Le mistakes. secrétaire général du CSA, Mustafa Wazîrî, a souligné que ces trois récompenses sont allouées par l’ancien ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Hawwâs. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « 3 missions archéologiques décrochent des récompenses du Dr Hawwâs », Sada al-Balad, 14 janvier 2020). - -

Zaydân further indicated that after the initial restoration and documentation, the pieces will be transferred to the Grand Egyptian Museum, where a special hall have been provided to exhibit Khufu’s ships, noting that approximately two large pieces of the lower part of the ship are extracted daily. Scripts from the discovered book - ET (Mustafa Marie, “1160 parts extracted from Archaeologists have uncovered in Egypt Khufu’s ship”, Egypt Today, January 14, 2020. what is believed to be the first picture book in Voir également Fâdî Francis, « 202 pièces history. The book is a new guide that explains archéologiques transférées au GEM », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 13 janvier ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le the way to the afterlife of the god of reckoning GEM réceptionne 202 pièces and resurrection of the pharaohs, Osiris. archéologiques », al-Ahrâm, 13 janvier ; ‘Alâ’ The discovered book is more than 4,000 al-Minyâwî, « Zaydân : 942 pièces de la barque years old and may be the oldest version of a de Chéops transférées vers le GEM », Sada al- book ever present. The book is considered as Balad, 13 janvier ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, a "Book of Two Ways", known as the texts of « Transfert vers le GEM de 202 pièces dont 30 the coffins. appartenant à la barque de Chéops », al- The ancient book contains more than a Shurûq, 13 janvier ; Ahmad Mansûr, « 1 160 thousand talismans and scriptures which were pièces exhumées, 1 030 restaurées et 942 written on coffins during the Middle Kingdom transférées vers le GEM », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 14 (2055-1795 BC). Its purpose was to ensure janvier). survival in the afterlife. Many of these - - talismans are derived from the texts of the pyramids, while some of them are the original Lors des célébrations marquant le 14e talismans of "The Book of the Dead," which anniversaire de la Fête des archéologues, dates back to the Modern state. organisée à l’Opéra du Caire, les récompenses attribuées par Dr Zâhî Hawwâs aux meilleurs archéologues et restaurateurs ont été attribuées à trois missions archéologiques. Le premier prix (15 000 L.E.) a été attribué à deux archéologues et au rayyis des ouvriers de la mission d’al-‘Asâsîf, qui a mis au jour 30 sarcophages. Le deuxième prix a été attribué à la mission du Bubasteion qui a exhumé une cachette de

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It consists of a set of ancient Egyptian Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) in funerary texts/scripts, which began to appear Fustât. on the coffins at the beginning of the first The mummies will be transferred in an Decay Period. These texts were drawn from international ceremony and under high the texts of the pyramids that were for royal security measures. The transfer process will be use only. treated as an important event, no less in However, some of the words have been importance in the previous transfer of Ramses replaced to be used by the general public, as statue that was transferred to the main lobby it became possible for some ordinary of the Grand Egyptian Museum. Egyptians to own coffins with inscriptions of In total, 22 royal mummies will be funerary texts. That is, the right to the afterlife transferred to the NMEC in Fustât. is no longer restricted to the pharaoh. General Manager of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq explained that currently 22 royal mummies are being prepared to be transferred to the NMEC in Fustât from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr. A committee composed of specialists from the Tahrîr Museum and the National Research Center of the Ministry of Antiquities, the NMEC and the Grand Egyptian Museum are Most of these texts date back to the maintaining and sterilizing the mummies. Middle Kingdom. Sometimes these texts were ‘Abd al-Râziq further clarified that the inscribed on the walls of tombs, obelisks, mummies — after being documented — will papyri, and even on mummy masks. The be transferred in special containers to protect content of these texts is drawn from many them from any shocks or damages. different areas of religious life, like myths about deities, chants, and magic spells, as was ‘Abd al-Râziq added that a rehearsal of the the case with the pyramid texts. (Mustafa transfer took place on Jan. 14. Special cars will Marie, “1st picture book in history discovered be used for the transport of the 22 mummies, in Egypt”, Egypt Today, January 14, 2020). to prevent any harm or damages. - - For his part, veteran archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs told the press the transfer event will Mercredi 15 janvier 2020 be broadcast globally, covering the mummies’ departure from the Egyptian Museum and their arrival at the NMEC in Fustât. The number of mummies and coffins to be transported is 22 royal mummies and 17 royal coffins, dating back to the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th Dynasties. 18 of the mummies are for kings, while 4 are the mummies of queens. Among the mummies transferred are mummies for King Ramses II, King Seqenenre

National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât - ET Tao, King Tuthmosis III, King , Queen Hatshepsut, and Queen Meritamen; the wife The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is of King Amenhotep I, and Queen preparing to transfer the royal mummies from , the wife of King Ahmose I. the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr to the National

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The royal mummies will be transferred to - - the NMEC in a large march, in preparation for Le secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême the opening of three halls that include the des Antiquités (CSA) a décidé la nomination central exhibition hall and the mummies hall. de : (Mustafa Marie, “Preparations for transfer of 22 royal mummies finalized”, Egypt Today, — Muhammad ‘Abdallah au poste de January 15, 2020. Voir également Ahmad directeur général de la zone archéologique de Mansûr, « Cérémonie majestueuse à l’occasion la citadelle de Saladin, en remplacement de du transfert de 22 momies », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, Nâgî Hanafî. 6 janvier ; Mustafa Marie, “Ministry to transfer — Muhammad Rashâd au poste de 22 mummies, 17 royal coffins to Fustât directeur général de la publication scientifique Museum”, Egypt Today, January 7 ; ‘Alâ’ al- au Centre de documentation des antiquités Minyâwî, « Répétitions en vue du transfert des islamiques, coptes et juives momies royales de Tahrîr vers le musée de Fustât », Sada al-Balad, 10 janvier ; Islâm ‘Abd — ‘Abdallah Sa‘d au poste de directeur al-Ma‘bûd, « Un cortège royal pour général de la zone archéologique Est du Caire accompagner le transfert des momies vers le (‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Wazîrî nomme Muhammad NMEC », al-Shurûq, 14 janvier ; Amîra al- ‘Abdallah directeur général de la zone Sharqâwî, « La municipalité du Caire s’apprête archéologique de la citadelle de Saladin », al- à transférer les momies royales du musée de Ahrâm, 15 janvier 2020. Voir également ‘Alâ’ Tahrîr vers le NMEC », al-Ahrâm, 26 février). al-Minyâwî, « Nouvelles nominations dans le Secteur des antiquités islamiques », Sada al- - - Balad, 15 janvier). - -

Jeudi 16 janvier 2020

Lors des célébrations marquant le 14e anniversaire de la Fête des archéologues, le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr

Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a révélé les efforts déployés In just four hours last Friday, Minister of par son ministère en vue d’améliorer la Antiquities and Tourism Khâlid al-‘Inânî, top situation administrative des employés. 20 000 officials, and members of the local and fonctionnaires ont reçu une promotion, 800 international media travelled between Cairo autres ont eu une revalorisation de carrière et and Alexandria to attend the Friday prayer in 2 800 CDD ont été titularisés. D’autres bonnes ‘Âbidîn’s al-Fath Royal Mosque in Cairo, visit nouvelles suivront. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « 20 000 St Mark’s Coptic Orthodox Cathedral in promotions et 800 titularisations au sein du Alexandria to greet the country’s Coptic ministère de l’Archéologie », Sada al-Balad, 15 Christians, and inaugurate Alexandria’s Eliyahu janvier 2020. Voir également Fâdî Francis, « al- Hanavi Synagogue after the completion of ‘Inânî : Les archéologues ont joué un grand restoration work. rôle pour promouvoir l’Égypte dans le monde entier », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 15 janvier). “This is Egypt — a land of unique cultural and civilizational diversity combined in one BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 32

Janvier 2020 fabric with components that complement each “We are witnessing a sign of Egypt’s other,” al-‘Inânî told Al-Ahram Weekly. human heritage and sending a message to the world that Egypt was and always be the country of all religious and regional civilisations, given the diversity of its cultures since the Pharaonic era when one of its great kings, Akhenaten, discovered monotheism,” said Mustafa al-Fiqî, head of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina in Alexandria. He added that President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al- Sîsî had long guided Egypt’s efforts towards promoting religious tolerance and building “The restoration of the synagogue delivers respect among all Egyptians of all religious to the whole world a message of tolerance backgrounds, describing the inauguration of and acceptance of others. It reflects the the Synagogue as a highlight of these efforts. Egyptian government’s keenness to restore Hishâm Samîr, the minister’s assistant for Egypt’s monuments and archaeological sites, architectural affaires, said that the restoration including Jewish, Coptic and Islamic sites, work at the synagogue was one of the projects which represent the country’s heritage.” in the memorandum of understanding signed “The Egyptian government gives equal between the ministry and the Engineering importance to all the country’s monuments Authority of the Armed Forces in order to and heritage sites, whether ancient Egyptian, consolidate the building’s foundations, walls, Jewish, Coptic or Islamic, “ al-‘Inânî said, floors and ceilings and restore its architecture, highlighting that many mosques, stained glass, decorative elements and mobile and churches around the country had been artefacts, while also installing new lighting and inaugurated recently after restoration. security systems at a total cost of LE68 million. During the opening ceremony of the synagogue, the minister thanked all employees of the Ministry of Antiquities and the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA), the Engineering Authority of the Armed Forces, the Arab Contractors Company, and everyone who had contributed to the restoration of the building, the oldest synagogue in Alexandria, for the efforts they had exerted over the last two years to restore this Egyptian monument to join the heritage of humanity. During the restoration work, archaeological remains and traces of the synagogue’s original alter, and walls were uncovered, as the original 1354 CE edifice of the Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue was destroyed in 1798 by Napoleon Bonaparte’s expedition to Egypt in order to build a defensive wall from the Kom al-Dikka area to the Mediterranean. In 1850, the synagogue was reconstructed with contributions from the Egyptian royal family.

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“I’m very proud of what my country has youngster to attend Saturday prayers and how done, and it symbolises our living together. the synagogue had been a communal Today, there is no difference between gathering space for Egyptian Jews in Egyptian Muslims, Christians, and Egyptian Alexandria. Jews,” said Magda Haroun, head of Cairo’s She hoped the opening of the synagogue Jewish community, at the opening ceremony. would attract Jews abroad to pay a visit to “The heritage of the Jews is part of the Egypt. “I have relatives who left for France, great legacy of Egypt. Preserving it is a Italy, and other countries in Europe and the national task that every Egyptian should be United States, and they would like to visit the involved in. The restoration of the synagogue synagogue,” she added. reassures my heart and assures me that the Egyptian state will do its part to preserve our heritage,” Haroun said.

The Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue has an impressive interior design with green and violet stained-glass windows and towering Pierre Arie, an Egyptian Jew from marble columns. There are brass name plates Alexandria, the oldest member of the still affixed to the regular seats of the male community, said that “this event is an image worshippers. of the history of Egypt and is a recognition of The synagogue was built in its current form the history of the country because it is not a in 1850 on top of the original edifice dating Jewish synagogue but an Egyptian back to 1354 by an Italian architect. With room synagogue.” for approximately 500 worshipers, it is the Gamâl Mustafa, head of the Islamic, Coptic larger of the two synagogues remaining in and Jewish Sector at the Ministry of Alexandria and is located on al-Nabi Daniel Antiquities, told the Weekly that there were Street where the mosque of al-Nabi Daniel 1,305 monuments in the sector, including 934 and the St Mark’s Coptic Orthodox Cathedral Islamic monuments, 87 Coptic monuments, are also found. and 14 Jewish monuments, among them four (…) AL-FATH ROYAL MOSQUE. In the synagogues that could be used for prayers vicinity of the ‘Âbidîn Palace in Cairo stands such as the Synagogue of Ben Ezra in Old the al-Fath Royal Mosque welcoming Cairo, the Cairo Synagogue in ‘Adlî Street in worshipers and visitors. downtown Cairo, the Moussa Ibn Maymoun Synagogue in Islamic Cairo, and the Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue in Alexandria. Yolande Mizrahi, a septuagenarian Jew born and raised in Alexandria, was delighted with the conservation work. “If it had been for President al-Sîsî, this would never have been done. A lot of things have changed since he has taken over,” she said, recounting memories of going to the synagogue as a BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 34

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More than two years ago, the mosque was closed for restoration, as it was suffering from deterioration. Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ, head of the Projects Sector at the Ministry of Antiquities, told the Weekly that the walls had been reinforced, cracks repaired, wooden and marble elements cleaned and refurbished, and the pulpit and mihrâb repaired. New sound, lighting and security systems have been installed along with surveillance cameras and burglar alarms. Friday prayer was The interior of the mosque is very luxurious held for the first time since 2017 announcing as it is covered with a large dome supported the opening of the Mosque. by four arches and resting on four columns of red granite with decorated and gilded capitals. The four corners are covered with four small domes. The drum of the main dome is surrounded by a beautiful band of inscriptions, comprising a verse from the Quran, the name of king Fu’âd, and the date of completion. (Nevine El-Aref, “Islamic, Coptic, and Jewish monuments celebrated”, Al-Ahram Weekly, January 16, 2019. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « En coopération avec The Arab Contractors Osman Ahmed Osman & Co., 16 millions L.E. pour restaurer la mosquée al-Fath », Sada al-Balad, 5 janvier ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Achèvement de la restauration intégrale de la synagogue », al- Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 8 janvier ; “Renovated Eliyahu

Hanavi Synagogue to open on Friday in The mosque overlooks the gardens of Alexandria after restoration”, Ahram Online, ‘Âbidîn Palace, and it was formerly known as January 10 ; “al-‘Inânî: Egyptian government the ‘Âbidîn Mosque after its founder ‘Âbidîn cares about heritage of all religions”, Egypt Bek, the amir al-liwâ’ al-sultânî (commander of Today, January 11 ; Amânî Hasan, « Le the sultan’s body guard) who founded it in ministre de l’Archéologie dévoile les détails 1729. The mosque was restored by order of de la restauration de la synagogue », al-Masrî former king Fu’âd in 1918 and inaugurated in al-Yawm, 11 janvier ; Mira Maged, “Egypt 1920. opens Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue after LE65 Gamîl Mustafa, head of the Islamic, Coptic million restoration”, Egypt Independent, and Jewish Antiquities Sector at the ministry, January 11 ; Fathiyya al-Dakhâkhnî, « Un said that the mosque has two entrances, one musée du patrimoine juif en Égypte », al-Masrî of which is a private royal entrance accessible al-Yawm, 13 janvier). only from the gardens of the palace. Facing - - this entrance is a riwâq (colonnade) preceded by a portico on marble columns, from whence Vendredi 17 janvier 2020 a corridor roofed with small domes leads directly to the mosque. Le musée Gayer-Anderson a lancé jeudi une nouvelle initiative qui consiste à ouvrir ses portes aux visiteurs un soir par semaine.

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staircase within another distinguished group of royal statues. Among the transferred artifacts a pink granite statue of King Ramses II and a black granite statue of King Thutmose III in addition to a naos for King Nectanebo and a box of quartzite for preserving canopic pots from the collection of King Thutmose III.

Le président du secteur des musées, Mu’min ‘Uthmân, a assisté à l’expérience. Il a rappelé que les visites nocturnes ont déjà commencé au Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr, ouvert deux fois par semaine, les dimanches et les jeudis de 17h à 21h. Ensuite, cette initiative a été appliquée au Musée d’Art islamique, ouvert tous les samedis de 17h à 21h. Le tour du musée Gayer-Anderson est venu pour tester l’expérience. Sachant que tous les musées fonctionnement normalement dans la journée entre 9h et 16h. (‘Alâ’ al- Minyâwî, « Le musée Gayer-Anderson ouvre ses portes tous les jeudis soir », Sada al-Balad, 17 janvier 2020). Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities - - previously announced that about more than 90 percent of the Grand Egyptian Museum Samedi 18 janvier 2020 work was finalized. GEM is expected to be inaugurated in the last quarter of 2020. The inauguration of the GEM is one of the main events that Egypt and the whole world is waiting for in 2020. About 49,603 artifacts were moved to the GEM so far. One of the most important transferred artifacts were the statues of King Ramses II, Sekhmet and Seti, in addition to a The general supervisor of the Grand huge pink-granite portray of Ramses VI, and Egyptian Museum ‘Âtif Muftâh announced that another distinguished set of statues that the museum has received a collection of 356 express the mastery of ancient Egyptian art. artifacts from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, Also, a statue of King Khafra made of among which 57 artifacts from the treasures of alabaster and a statue of the priest Kay made the Golden King Tutankhamun and 11 pieces of colored limestone, depicting the priest will be displayed on the grand staircase. sitting on a seat with a half backrest, beside Director General of the Grand Egyptian his left foot is a small statue of his wife and a Museum for Antiquities affairs Dr. al-Tayyib sarcophagus of king Senusert I was transferred ‘Abbâs, said that the one of the most to GEM. important of these artifacts is a statue of god On October 19 ministry of Antiquities Ptah, whose weights range between 5 and 6 announced the discovery of the largest cache tons, which will be displayed on the grand in the cemetery of al-‘Asâsîf by the Egyptian BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 36

Janvier 2020 archaeological mission. A total of 30 coffins The hands are clipped with gold foil, spanning back to the 22nd Pharaonic Dynasty crossed across the chest, while holding royal were discovered and placed in a warehouse to decals inlaid with blue and red glass beads. It protect them from thievery. The 30 is 223.5 cm in length, 86.8 cm in diameter, archaeological coffins have been transferred while its height is 105.5 cm. The ark contains to the GEM. The cache was buried one meter silver handles on both sides that were used to from the surface of the ground. The first row move the lid. consisted of 18 coffins and the second Minister of Antiquities announced that consisted of 12 coffins for men, women, and 3 50000 artifacts will be displayed in the Grand children. Egyptian Museum. The GEM will be the largest museum in the world dedicated to one civilization only; the dazzling ancient Egyptian civilization. GEM will include a children’s museum, an educational center, a handicraft center, educational classes and a museum dedicated to sun boats, in addition to the first field for a hanging obelisk. (“GEM receives 356 artifacts from Tut, Ramses II, Thutmose III, Ptah treasures”, Egypt Today, January 18, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie achève 90 % des travaux du GEM », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 4 janvier ; Mustafa Marie, “GEM restoration labs complete work on 47K For the first time GEM will display artifacts”, Egypt Today, January 12 ; Gum‘a Tutankhamen treasures in one place. The total Hamallah, « Le GEM reçoit 356 pièces du number of antiquities belonging to King musée de Tahrîr », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 18 Tutankhamen is 5398. Among king Tut’s janvier ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « 356 pièces artefacts that was transferred is his coffin. archéologiques transférées vers le GEM », al- Ahrâm, 18 janvier ; Amal Gamâl, « Les rois et les divinités égyptiennes arrivent au GEM », Watanî, 18 janvier ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Transfert de 365 pièces du Musée de Tahrîr vers le GEM », al-Shurûq, 18 janvier ; “GEM receives 356 artefacts, including 57 treasures of King Tutankhamun”, Egypt Independent, January 19). - -

The transferred coffin is one of the three coffins of Tutankhamen, portraying the golden king as God Osiris. The coffin was discovered The ministry of antiquities replied to the in King Tut’s burial chamber in 1922. The uproar made on social networks regarding the outer ark is made of gilded wood. neglect that the statue of King Ramses II was said to have been subjected to.

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al-Tîbî further stated to the press that this is the first time that pieces of archaeological reproductions are displayed by the Ministry of Antiquities at Cairo Airport. These pieces will be displayed in a number of airports including those of Sharm al-Shaykh, Luxor and Aswân, where the Ministry of Aviation hired merchants to display the archeological models. The executive director of the Archeological Models Production Unit at the Ministry of Antiquities pointed out that the archeological models executed by the unit are of a higher quality than those designed by merchants elsewhere, because the unit’s specialists The head of the Egyptian Antiquities sector possess the highest level of craftsmanship. Ayman al-‘Ashmâwî said that King Ramses II It is worth noting that the ministry’s statue that was transferred from in front of Archeological Models Unit is working on Zaqâzîq University is a reproduced one. al- preparing a comprehensive development plan ‘Ashmâwî further added that it was placed in for the unit’s work mechanisms to ensure front of the University for decoration purpose. maximum benefit from the existing technical The real King Ramses II statue was transferred competencies and develop the unit’s to the Grand Egyptian Museum. (“al- production lines through mechanization. The ‘Ashmâwî: Rameses II statue is a reproduced development plan aims to keep pace with the one”, Egypt Today, January 18, 2020. Voir requirements of the local and global markets également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le ministère de in response to the increasing demand for l’Archéologie : La statue de Ramsès II à models of Egyptian antiquities. Zaqâzîq n’est pas authetique », Sada al-Balad, 17 janvier ; Muhammad ‘Abd al-Rahmân, « La The unit targets establishing a promising fausse statue de Ramsès II finit dans une industry according to sound scientific and déchetterie », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 18 janvier ; technical specifications and controls that Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le ministère de effectively contributes to the protection of l’Archéologie : La statue de Ramsès II est une intellectual property rights, aiming to achieve réplique », al-Shurûq, 18 janvier). decent economic returns by investing in our - - cultural and civilizational heritage. (Mustafa Marie, “Archaeological reproductions to be Dimanche 19 janvier 2020 sold in Egyptian airports”, Egypt Today, January 19, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Pour la première fois, exposition de Executive Director of the Archeological répliques archéologiques à l’aéroport du Models Production Unit at the Ministry of Caire », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 19 janvier ; Antiquities ‘Amr al-Tîbî said the first batch of “Antiquities’ replicas to be sold at Cairo Int’l archaeological clones, which will be displayed Airport by end of January”, Daily News Egypt, in the duty-free shop at Cairo Airport, will be January 20). delivered within 10 days. - - This is based on a cooperation protocol between the ministries of Antiquities and La Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités a Aviation, to allocate a place inside the duty- mis en examen M. A., ouvrier âgé de 42 ans, free shops in several Egyptian airports to pour fouilles archéologiques illicites sous sa display and sell antiquities reproductions. maison située à al-Mishât dans le gouvernorat de Suhâg.

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of the “Golden Pharaoh’s” treasures, during which the exhibit travelled to several major cities around the world, such as Paris, Los Angeles and London. According to a report published by CNN, the exhibition will showcase more than 150 pieces belonging to Tutankhamun’s tomb, including 60 pieces displayed outside of Egypt La perquisition de son domicile a conduit à for the first time. la découverte d’un puits de forme The artefacts will be showcased in the rectangulaire, de 7 m de profondeur. Ce puits Saunders Castle at Park Plaza beginning from mène à un couloir et à la salle d’un temple June 13, marking the first time the exhibition ptolémaïque composé de six colonnes has come to Boston since 1963. inscrites et décorées. Les bases des colonnes tout comme les parois de la salle sont en The city’s Mayor Marty Walsh had calcaire. La maison a été saisie. L’accusé est announced earlier while standing next to a passé aux aveux. (Nevine Mustafa, replica of a 25-foot statue of King Tut in « Découverte à Suhâg d’une salle d’un temple Boston that the Golden Pharaoh exhibition will ptolémaïque sous la maison d’un ouvrier », al- come to the city in June this year, in a huge Ahrâm, 19 janvier 2020. Voir également Amal event for the first time in almost six decades. Ibrâhîm, « Découverte d’un temple ptolémaïque à Suhâg », Watanî, 19 janvier ; Shirîf Sulaymân, « D’Alexandrie jusqu’en Haute-Égypte, la plupart des maisons sont construites au-dessus des antiquités », al- Watan, 20 janvier ; Ashraf ‘Imrân, « Arrestation d’un ouvrier pour fouilles clandestines sous sa maison à Suhâg », al-Ahrâm, 21 janvier). - - “In Boston, we know the value, importance Lundi 20 janvier 2020 and excitement of history and culture. I am very happy to announce that the King Tut exhibition will be visiting the @CityofBoston from Egypt later this year for the first time since 1963,” he wrote on Twitter. CNN also referred to an invitation by Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities in Egypt Mustafa Wazîrî, urging residents of the American city to visit the

exhibition. The American city of Boston is set to host the “King Tut: The Treasures of the Golden “See (King Tut’s treasures) and visit them before they return back to Egypt forever,” Pharaoh” exhibition this summer for the first Wazîrî said in the press release announcing the time in over 50 years, with the exhibition set to tour. feature a number of treasures belonging to the ancient Egyptian king. The Sydney Museum in Australia is the next The exhibition’s move to Boston comes destination for the King Tut exhibition in 2021, within the framework of an international tour CNN reported, adding that the artefacts will

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Janvier 2020 be returned to Egypt once the world tour ends The tour of the King Tutankhamun and are set to be displayed in the new Grand exhibition began in 2018, making its way Egyptian Museum opening this year. across seven countries and 10 different cities. The global tour comes as part of Egypt’s tourism promotion plan, which officials hope will attract international attention to the country’s numerous archaeological treasures, a great number of which will be exhibited at the much-anticipated Grand Egyptian Museum, which is set to attract 5 million visitors annually. (“The Golden Pharaoh: Boston awaits King Tut exhibition”, Egypt

Independent, January 20, 2020. Voir Photo credit: AFP également “Come June, King Tut Treasures CBS Boston also highlighted the exhibit, To Be Exhibited in Boston”, Egyptian Streets, quoting officials from the Museum of Science, January 16). one of the largest science museums in the - - United States, who commented that the King Tut touring exhibit was “unique,” adding that Mardi 21 janvier 2020 the exhibition includes more than 150 artefacts, a figure three times larger than that in previous tours.

Colorful inscriptions discovered in South Sinai region caves - ET

The archaeological mission of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has finished Meanwhile, a number of Boston school and documenting colorful archaeological university students have expressed interest in inscriptions found in an ancient cave located the exhibition after the city’s mayor distributed about 60 km southeast of Sirâbît al-Khâdim free tickets. and 30 km North of St Catherine. This is within The “Up to Boston” website also the framework of the documentation of rock highlighted the event, presenting a brief Inscriptions in South Sinai. summary on King Tutankhamun and Secretary General of the Supreme Council describing the exhibition as bringing together of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî explained that the “greatest” treasures of the iconic Egyptian the cave is located in a difficult terrain called pharaoh. al-Zarânîg. It is of sandstone with a depth of The website also pointed out that it was about 3 meters, a height of 3.5 meters and a difficult to obtain tickets due to high turnout diameter of 22 meters. expected at the event, adding that tickets Wazîrî further declared that the cave is the would be provided in particular to students of first of its kind to be discovered in the South public schools and members of the Museum Sinai region, where it was found by chance, of Science in Boston. upon the information received from a desert adventurer in South Sinai.

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ceiling, in addition to other hand-prints on a rock in the middle of the cave. As for the second group, it is likely that it dates back to the copper age and is characterized by women images and other images for animals. The third and final group, depicts individuals on camel Hodges.

Head of the Egyptian Antiquities Sector at the Ministry Ayman al-‘Ashmâwî indicated that the discovered cave contains many colorful inscriptions, some are on the ceiling of the cave, others on the stone blocks falling on the floor of the cave.

Husayn added that the mission will complete its work, and the entire area is being surveyed, pointing out that the mission started its work in South Sinai during the past year, where a number of valleys were documented

in the Sirâbît al-Khâdim region. (Mustafa In the cave, the mission also found large Marie, “Ancient inscriptions inside South Sinai quantities of animal excretions indicating its caves documented”, Egypt Today, January 21, use as a shelter for Bedouins and livestock, for 2020. Voir également Fâdî Francis, « Les protection against rain and storms in later inscriptions de la cave découverte au Sud- ages. Sinaï remontent à 12 000 ans », al-Masrî al- For his part, Hishâm Husayn the Director Yawm, 21 janvier ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « La General of the North Sinai Archeology Region mission du ministère de l’Archéologie achève and head of the archaeological mission, said la documentation des inscriptions d’une cave the discovered inscriptions depict many découverte à Sainte-Catherine », al-Ahrâm, 21 different scenes dating back to different eras, janvier ; Amal Gamâl, « Une mission achève la that was divided groups. documentation des inscriptions d’une cave découverte à Sainte-Catherine », Watanî, 21 The first group of inscriptions are drawn on janvier ; “Archaeologists document 12,000 the oldest layer of the ceiling of the cave and year old inscription in South Sinai”, Egypt is considered the oldest, initially spanning Independent, January 22 ; Islâm ‘Abd al- back to 5,500 to 10,000 years BC. It features a Ma‘bûd, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie dark red color and has views of animals such achève la documentation des inscriptions as donkeys and mules. It is characterized as découvertes dans une cave au Sud-Sinaï », al- being harmonically in-line with the body size Shurûq, 21 janvier). of animals, unlike other scenes. Five animals of the same era can be distinguished on the ceiling at the entrance to the shelter, and also - - a group of human hand-prints painted on the

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Mercredi 22 janvier 2020

Des sources auprès du ministère de l’Archéologie ont révélé la détérioration de la pyramide de Hawwâra dans le Fayyûm. En The Cairo Criminal Court on Tuesday effet, cette pyramide souffre de la hausse du granted the former honorary consul for Italy, niveau des nappes phréatiques et, par Ladislav Otakar Skakal, a 15-year-sentence in conséquent, des remontées de sel à l’intérieur absentia on charges of smuggling Egyptian des couloirs. antiquities to Italy. Skakal is accused of smuggling nearly 22,000 artefacts from Alexandria to Italy in 2017, according to a previously released statement by Egypt’s public prosecutor on September 2019, when Egypt notified the Interpol that the former Italian official should be added to their red notice.

Depuis des années, le ministère de l’Archéologie se trouve dans l’incapacité d’accéder à la chambre funéraire à cause des eaux qui submergent la pyramide. Deux raisons à cela : les terres agricoles qui Boutros Raûf Ghâlî environnent la pyramide et qui sont arrosées The brother of former Finance Minister par immersion d’un côté, et de l’autre le canal Youssef Boutros Ghâlî was found to have d’irrigation qui passe à proximité. La solution à assisted Skalal in the smuggling. ce problème consiste justement à dévier ce Egyptian Attorney General Nabîl Sâdiq canal. Cependant, depuis des années rien n’a officially announced the arrival of the été fait. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Pyramide de smuggled antiquities at Cairo Airport on July Hawwâra : 11 ans de souffrance à cause des 2019. eaux souterraines », Sada al-Balad, 21 janvier 2020. Voir également Michel al-Gharqâwî, In 2018, the Egyptian Public Prosecution « Installation de 5 appareils pour mesurer les recognized the presence of Egyptian niveaux d’eau dans la pyramide de Hawwâra », antiquities seized in the Italian city Salerno. Watanî, 18 mars). Sâdiq accordingly ordered widespread - - investigations regarding these seizures.

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Sâdiq then requested the Ministry of Le musée archéologique de Suhâg a Antiquities send a team of archaeologists to organisé une exposition intitulée « Les Italy to examine the smuggled antiquities. porteurs de torches » qui présente 67 pièces Sâdiq and the General Secretary of the archéologiques exposées pour la première Supreme Council of Antiquities accompanied fois au public. Le directeur général du musée, the investigating team to Italy. ‘Alî Siddîq, a précisé que ces pièces proviennent des missions de fouilles travaillant sur les sites de Suhâg, d’Abydos et d’. Elles retracent l’histoire du gouvernorat de Suhâg depuis l’Ancien Empire jusqu’aux époques grecque et romaine. En marge de cette exposition, des distinctions ont été accordées à quelques personnalités qui ont contribué activement aux champs archéologique et muséologique. Par ailleurs, un atelier éducatif a été organisé à l’attention des enfants, afin de leur présenter Confirming that the antiquities were d’une manière simple les collections du musée Egyptian originals, investigations revealed 195 et de rehausser leur conscience historique. small pieces were found, in addition to 21,660 (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « 67 pièces archéologiques ancient metal coins. exposées pour la première fois au musée de Egypt’s public prosecution immediately Suhâg », Sada al-Balad, 22 janvier 2020. Voir informed the Italian authorities that Egypt has également Husâm Zaydân, « Les porteurs de the full right to seize these smuggled torches : exposition organisée par le musée de antiquities. Suhâg », al-Fagr, 22 janvier ; MENA, « Le musée archéologique de Suhâg organise une Thanks to the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign exposition », al-Dustûr, 22 janvier). Affairs and the Egyptian embassy in Rome, the Italian authorities instantly accepted the - - Egyptian prosecution’s appeal. Jeudi 23 janvier 2020 Along with a team from the Egyptian prosecution, a group of experts were directed to Italy to legally obtain the antiquities from Salerno and return them to Egypt, where the pieces are to be exhibited in the long-awaited Grand Egyptian Museum. (Mira Maged, “Former Italian diplomat receives 15-year sentence for smuggling Egyptian artefacts”, Egypt Independent, January 22, 2020. Voir également Ashraf ‘Imrân, « L’ancien consul honoraire d’Italie condamné par contumace à 15 ans de prison pour trafic archéologique », The awe-inspiring Palace of Baron Empain al-Ahrâm, 22 janvier ; al-Walîd Ismâ‘îl, « Butrus on al-‘Urûba Street in Heliopolis with its burnt Ghâlî : Je n’ai rien fait. L’ex-consul d’Italie était sienna colour and distinguished Indian juste un ami », al-Watan, 19 février ; Ibrâhîm architectural style is as magnificent as it always Qurrâ‘a, « Tous les détails sur le procès been and illustrates something of the creation d’exportation illicite d’antiquités égyptiennes of this elegant Cairo suburb. vers l’Italie », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 21 février). Today, the palace and its gardens are - - buzzing with workers and restorers armoured

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Janvier 2020 with white helmets and equipment to out before starting the restoration work. The complete the final touches for the palace’s studies had also included the palace’s grand opening in February and its exhibition photographic documentation, and exploratory on the history of the area. drilling had been done in parts to inspect the condition of the foundations. Integrated After more than two years of restoration, documentation of all the architectural the palace has regained its former glory and is elements had been prepared using 3D scheduled to be officially inaugurated not only technology, he said. as a tourist destination but also as an exhibition relating history of Heliopolis. He added that the restoration work had been based on the original plans of the The work of restoration was carried out in palace’s French architect Alexander Marcel, collaboration with the Armed Forces and the team had succeeded in solving even Engineering Authority and the Arab unexpected problems. “Almost 98 per cent of Contractors Company to a budget of more the restoration work has been achieved, and than LE100 million. the work will continue at full swing to meet the “The restoration of the palace is a dream grand opening in February,” he said. come true, and we will be able to breathe new Several ideas had been suggested to life into this landmark as a result,” Tourism rehabilitate the palace upon the completion of and Antiquities Minister Khâlid al-‘Inânî told its restoration. Some suggested transforming Al-Ahram Weekly. it into a boutique hotel, while others said it He said that the palace had benefitted should be a cultural centre of library. A third from long overdue restoration work that had group wanted it to be a multi-functional helped to restore it to its former glory. Dust edifice that combined these functions and has covered the palace since it was built over would be a venue for musical and theatre a century ago, turning it a beige colour. performances. “However, when the restoration team cleaned “In fact, the ministry had another idea to the external walls, this restored the original be implemented in collaboration with the colour, which is burnt sienna,” al-‘Inânî said, Belgium Embassy in Egypt, the Centre for adding that a similar colour change had Documentation of Cultural and Natural happened with the marble columns in the first- Heritage (CULTNAT), and the two NGOs of ever restoration of the Palace. the Heliopolis Heritage Foundation and the Heliopolis Association,” Nevine Nizâr, ministry assistant for museums, told the Weekly. She said that the idea was to organise an exhibition relating the history of Heliopolis and its development. The exhibition will include a collection of photographs, archival documents, maps, drawings and letters in relation to the history of the Heliopolis suburb, including Matariyya.

Hishâm Samîr, minister of antiquities The exhibition will also display objects assistant for engineering affaires, said that the reflecting the lives of the suburb’s inhabitants Armed Forces Engineering Authority had during the early period, including chairs, overseen the restoration work carried out by lamps, tables, and telephones. Photographs four private companies. showing the different phases of the palace’s restoration will also be on show, along with He said that a comprehensive study of the panels of the Hindu architectural style and palace’s condition and detailed architectural Baron Empain and his family. and archaeological surveys had been carried BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 44

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during the mid-academic year vacation, which will start from Friday January 24 and extend to February 7. The decision comes as part of the Ministry’s ongoing efforts to stimulate and promote domestic tourism, encouraging Egyptians to visit archaeological sites and museums and raising awareness about their importance among various groups in Egyptian society. Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî said in a statement issued on Thursday that the discount rate will include Egyptian adults, adding that all museums will organize free The 1910 Heliopolis tramway, which does introductory tours for visitors during the same not exist anymore and has been replaced by period. the modern metro line, is also part of the Meanwhile, the Supreme Council of exhibition. A wagon of the old Heliopolis Antiquities has also issued a decision allowing tramway has been restored and is on show in Egyptian school students, including those the gardens. enrolled in elementary and preparatory A culturama, a cultural panoramic show schools, to enter all archaeological sites and portraying the history of Heliopolis through museums for free, as well as the families of nine interactive 180-degree panorama martyrs and senior citizens using the national screens, will be provided by CULTNAL along ID card. (“Ticket prices for sites, museums with augmented reality screens. Other screens reduced by 50% for Egyptians during mid-year showing documentaries on the history of the vacation”, Egypt Independent, January 23, suburb will also be provided. (Nevine El-Aref, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « al- “Baron’s Palace to reopen”, Al-Ahram Weekly, ‘Inânî décide de baisser les prix des tickets des January 23, 2019. Voir également Sanâ’ Fârûq, musées et des sites archéologiques », al- « Le ministre du Tourisme inspecte Ahrâm, 23 janvier ; Nevine El-Aref, “Half-price l’achèvement du projet de restauration du tickets to Egyptian visitors of archaeological palais Empain », Watanî, 18 janvier). sites and museums during mid-year vacation”, - - Ahram Online, January 23 ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « 50 % de réduction sur les tickets des musées et des sites archéologiques », Sada al-Balad, 23 janvier ; Amal Gamâl, « Réduction sur les tickets des musées et des sites archéologiques pour les Égyptiens », Watanî, 23 janvier ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « À partir d’aujourd’hui, 50 % de réduction sur les tickets des musées et des sites archéologiques pour les Égyptiens », al- Shurûq, 24 janvier).

- -

Tourism and Antiquities Minister Khâlid al- Vendredi 24 janvier 2020 ‘Inânî has issued a decision reducing the prices of tickets for tourist sites and museums Le musée d’Art islamique de Bâb al-Khalq across Egypt by 50 percent for Egyptians inaugure samedi prochain une exposition BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 45

Janvier 2020 temporaire intitulée « Des yeux qui veillent », Masrî al-Yawm, 24 janvier ; Ahmad ‘Uthmân, afin de célébrer la Fête de la Police. « Des yeux qui veillent au musée d’Art islamique », al-Wafd, 24 janvier ; Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Bâqî, « Une exposition archéologique et artistique au musée d’Art islamique pour célébrer la Fête de la Police », Vetogate, 24 janvier ; Kâmilyâ ‘Atrîs, « Une exposition archéologique et artistique au musée d’Art islamique pour célébrer la Fête de la Police », Ruz al-Yûsuf, 24 janvier ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Inauguration de l’exposition Des yeux qui veillent au musée d’Art islamique », Sada al- Balad, 25 janvier ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le musée d’Art islamique inaugure l’exposition Des yeux qui veillent », Watanî, 25 janvier). - -

Le directeur général du musée, Dr Mamdûh ‘Uthman, a révélé que l’exposition regroupe 32 pièces archéologiques dont certaines armes à feu et quelques manuscrits. Le public pourra également admirer une trentaine d’œuvres modernes représentant les Momie de Nesyamun célébrations de la police égyptienne et variant entre photographies, sculptures et peintures. Can you imagine hearing the sound of a 3,000 years old ancient Egyptian mummy? This became possible with a breakthrough study, where engineers 3D printed its vocal tract. The sound made indicated how the mummified individual may have sounded like. However, the scientists were not fully able to produce an entire speech.

Le responsable éducatif du musée animera CT scans and a plethora of other un atelier retraçant la bataille d’Ismâ‘îliyya et la technologies were used to take a picture of raison pour laquelle le 25 janvier a été choisi the vocal tract, which was later printed out and pour fêter la police. Un autre atelier sera used to form a voice. organisé pour les enfants à partir de l’âge de Perfect preservation conditions of the 12 ans. Ils y apprendront la confection de body’s soft tissues are a must for such a patrons de couture pour les uniformes de la breakthrough to occur, meaning that it is quite police. (‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Exposition impossible for most remains. archéologique et artistique au musée d’Art islamique pour célébrer la Fête de la Police », The mummified body of the ancient al-Ahrâm, 24 janvier 2020. Voir également Egyptian Nesyamun was perfectly preserved, Fâdî Francis, « Pour célébrer la Fête de la allowing the scientists to replicate the vocal Police, le musée d’Art islamique inaugure une tract. exposition archéologique et artistique », al- BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 46

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The scientists conducting the research listening to a sound from a vocal tract that has referred that Nesyamun lived during the hectic not been heard for over 3000 years, preserved era of Ramses XI, working as a scribe and through mummification and now restored priest. His voice was an important part of his through this new technique, they conclude. life, abundantly using it in singing rituals and (Mustafa Marie, “Sound of a 3,000 years old speeches. mummy heard through breakthrough technology”, Egypt Today, January 24, 2020. Voir également Associated Press, “Audio recording: The voice of a 3,000-year-old Egyptian mummy”, Ahram Online, January 23 ; “Researchers listen to voice of Karnak Temple priest 3,000 years after his death”, Egypt Independent, January 24). - -

The mummy of Nesyamun, a priest who lived in Thebes about 3,000 years ago, ready for CT scanning (Photo: Scientific Reports) Furthermore, only a single sound was produced by the researchers, which sounded like a vowel-like English word. However, it did give a glimpse on how the mummy’s voice sounded during a full speech. Since mummies were once living people, and not objects, researchers wondered if making it “speak” again is ethically appropriate. Sayyid E., directeur d’une école à Asyût, Nesyamun’s coffin consisted of inscriptions âgé de 56 ans, a été arrêté pour vol et recel that refer to the ancient Egyptian view that "to de pièces archéologiques. La Police du speak the name of the dead is to make them Tourisme et des Antiquités a saisi sur lui 40 live again". pièces antiques : 26 statuettes en calcaire et The researchers revealed that he en terre cuite colorée, 5 lampes à huile en (Nesyamun) wished to be able to speak and terre cuite, 4 oudjat et un scarabée. À ces move in the afterlife, just as he did when he pièces d’époque pharaonique s’ajoutent 4 was alive. This is the reason that encouraged monnaies d’époque islamique. Le Parquet the researchers to resume their work as it only général a été saisi. (Nevine Mustafa, made Nesyamun’s wish come true. « Arrestation d’un directeur d’école en possession de 40 pièces antiques », al-Ahrâm, "The team concluded that the potential 24 janvier 2020. Voir également Mahmûd benefits outweighed the concerns, particularly Maqbûl, « Mise en examen d’un directeur because Nesyamun’s own words express his d’école en possession de 40 pièces desire to ‘speak again’ and that the scientific antiques », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 24 janvier ; Ihâb techniques used were non-destructive," wrote ‘Umar, « Saisie de 40 pièces antiques à the researchers in a paper published in Asyût », Sada al-Balad, 24 janvier). Scientific Reports. - - Given Nesyamun’s stated desire to have his voice heard in the afterlife in order to live forever, the fulfillment of his beliefs through Samedi 25 janvier 2020 the synthesis of his vocal function allows us to Les douaniers de l’aéroport international make direct contact with ancient Egypt by de Louqsor ont arrêté aujourd’hui un voyageur

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étranger en possession de six statuettes et de - - 13 pièces de monnaie en bronze, en cuivre et en argent, dissimulés dans ses bagages. (Îmân Lundi 27 janvier 2020 al-Hawwârî, « L’aéroport de Louqsor déjoue une tentative d’exportation illicite de 6 statuettes et de 13 monnaies », al-Ahrâm, 25 janvier 2020). - -

Dimanche 26 janvier 2020

Head of the Central Department for Engineering Affairs, Antiquities and Museum

Projects at the Ministry of Antiquities Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ stated that about 95% of the Egyptian Interior Ministry agencies foiled development work of the Egyptian Museum in an attempt to rob an antiquities store in the Tahrîr has been completed. Saqqâra archaeological area, after The museum’s entrances, garden and outer investigations uncovered a plan to steal its walls have been developed. contents, which included 12 mummies. Abû al-‘Ilâ stated to the press that the A statement from the Interior Ministry on exterior facades of the museum have been Monday said that the necessary security painted with the previous colors. This is in services were assigned to counter the addition to strengthening the iron fence in the attempted theft, in coordination with main facade, and developing the three competent authorities. external gates to be used by visitors and in The Public Security sector was tipped off transporting artifacts. by anonymous sources regarding a plan from Abû al-‘Ilâ added that the stone bases of some gangs to rob antiquities stores in the the statues on display in the garden were Saqqâra archaeological area. cleaned, and the museum’s bathrooms have been developed and maintained. The Precise Restoration Department in Cairo has restored the marble facades. Abû al-‘Ilâ said developing the corridors will be delayed until all the artifacts are transferred from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr to the Grand Egyptian Museum. The Ministry of Antiquities announced in July 2019 that it will develop the Egyptian

Museum in Tahrîr as part of a development project to raise the quality of services at In coordination with the General museums and tourist sites. (Mustafa Marie, Administration of Tourism and Antiquities “95% of Egyptian Museum’s development Police and by intensifying investigations, work completed”, Egypt Today, January 26, police teams located an antiquity store next to 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, the tomb of Ptahhotep I. « Achèvement de 95 % des travaux de After coordinating with the Antiquities réaménagement du Musée Égyptien », al- Ministry, a committee was formed to enter the Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 26 janvier). store, upon which the committee and security services found two rooms with 12 wooden BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 48

Janvier 2020 coffins and 12 mummies, a coffin cover, Mardi 28 janvier 2020 carved stone pieces, and other antiquities. Detectives discovered that the store had been closed since 1960 and was not included in the antiquities store registry, and was therefore unknown to the antiquities inspectors.

The al-Basâtîn Cemetery, located in Cairo and known as the world’s second oldest Jewish cemetery, is set to be restored with funds provided by the US Embassy in Cairo, according to an official statement released by the embassy on January 24.

“We are proud to partner in preserving and protecting Egypt’s heritage sites. This Inspections showed that the store was Ambassadors Fund project at al-Basâtîn closed with a wooden door, which was sealed Cemetery is an investment in Egypt’s diverse with the stamp from an antiquities inspector cultural history, and an opportunity to raise dating to 1960. (“Police foil attempt to rob awareness of Egypt’s diversity,” the US unlisted Saqqâra antiquities store with 12 Ambassador to Egypt Jonathan Cohen said. mummies”, Egypt Independent, January 27, 2020. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Échec The project comes in light of the strategic d’une tentative de vol d’un magasin à partnership that was launched in 2001 Saqqâra », Sada al-Balad, 27 janvier ; Yusrî al- between Egypt and the US, under which the Badrî, « Tentative déjouée de vol d’un embassy funded the renovation of numerous entrepôt archéologique », al-Masrî al-Yawm, historical and archaeological destinations in 27 janvier ; Hiba ‘Abd al-Hafîz, « Des pilleurs Egypt. conduisent à la découverte d’un magasin fermé depuis 60 ans », al-Fagr, 27 janvier ; Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Râdî, « Découverte d’un entrepôt muséologique à côté du mastaba de Ptahhotep à Saqqâra », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 29 janvier ; Muhammad Barakât « Un gang de trafiquants conduit la police à une découverte archéologique », al-Watan, 2 février).

- - The conservation project is a collaboration between the Drop of Milk Foundation and the

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American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE). The synagogue’s development portrays the Restoration work includes maintenance of the dedication of the Tourism and Antiquities cemetery’s architecture as well as the Ministry to the Jewish heritage just like other graveyard. Egyptian inheritances, archaeological expert ‘Abd al-Rahîm Rayhân told MENA. (Mira Dating back to the ninth century, the old Maged, “US Embassy in Cairo funds cemetery used to accommodate two Jewish restoration of world’s second oldest Jewish communities named Karaite and Rabbinate, cemetery”, Egypt Independent, January 28, according to the statement. It added that all of 2020. Voir également “US Embassy to Fund the late renowned Jewish people based in Restoration of Jewish Cemetery in Cairo”, Egypt are buried in that cemetery, such as Egyptian Streets, January 23 ; « L’ambassade Rabbi Haim Capusi. des États-Unis : Lancement d’un projet de préservation du cimetière al-Basâtîn », Vetogate, 23 janvier ; Minna Khalaf, « Restauration du cimetière al-Basâtîn avec du financement américain », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 24 janvier). - -

Mercredi 29 janvier 2020

In cooperation with Taha Husayn Library for the Visually Impaired in Bibliotheca Alexandrina, the Archeology Museum is organizing a workshop for the visually impaired children under the title "Archeologist". The 30-minute workshop will be held on Feb. 4 at 2 p.m. The workshop is divided into:

— Coloring drawings of artifacts, and The Jewish community in Cairo has acquainting the participants with them. significantly shrunk down to five individuals, belonging to the last Jewish family known to — Acquainting the participants with the be living in Cairo; Magda Haroun and her four costumes worn by the ancient Egyptians and granddaughters, according to the Watanî Greeks through touching the fabrics. news website. — Modeling clay figures for some artifacts Egypt housed 80,000 Jews during 1948, in the museum, and screening the movie many of whom were fragmented after their "Mummification." departure between 1956 and 1976, though The New Alexandria Library or the General Haroun’s family stayed behind according to Library of Alexandria is a reproduction of the the Jewish Telegraphic Agency. old Library of Alexandria, the largest library of Egyptian Tourism and Antiquities Minister its time, a huge project that Egypt undertook Khâlid al-‘Inânî inaugurated the Eliyahu Hanavi jointly with the United Nations. The library was Synagogue in Alexandria on January 10, rebuilt in a location close to the old library in following intensive two-year restoration work al-Shatbî area. The new library was opened on in collaboration between the ministry and the October 16, 2002. Armed Forces Engineering Authority based on The Library of Alexandria contains several a protocol signed in 2017. museums, including the Antiquities Museum. The museum’s collection covers various eras of BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 50

Janvier 2020 the Egyptian civilization, starting from the Executive Director of the Archaeological Pharaonic era until the Islamic era, and passing Models Production Unit at the Ministry of through the Greek civilization that came to Antiquities ‘Amr al-Tîbî said in a press Egypt with the conquest of Alexander the statement that the exhibition targets as many Great. people as possible, especially children, to explore Egyptian antiquities, and discover the This is in addition to the BA Antiquities treasures of ancient Egyptian civilisation, while Museum which exhibits a collection of about learning about its most famous tourist 1079 artifacts and the Manuscripts Museum, destinations. which is one of the academic centers attached to the Library. This museum was established by a Republican Decree No. (269) of 2002. Last but not least, the fourth museum of the library is the History of Science Museum. The museum displays the development of science in Egypt over three consecutive historical periods that make up the main sections of the museum: the Pharaonic section, the Greek section and the Arab and Islamic section. (Mustafa Marie, “History workshop for the visually impaired to be held in Alexandria”, Egypt Today, January 29,

2020). - - The exhibition showcases 70 antiquity replicas, that were especially produced to be Les gardiens du Conseil Suprême des on display. This includes the most famous Antiquités (CSA) ont réussi aujourd’hui à Nefertiti statue, and the statue featuring the l’aube à déjouer une tentative de fouilles head of Akhenaten as well as the well-known illicites dans la zone archéologique d’Abû masks of Yuya, who was a powerful Egyptian Rawwâsh. Le secrétaire général du CSA, courtier in the 18th Dynasty, and Tuya the wife Mustafa Wazîrî, a annoncé qu’un gang of 19th Dynasty Pharaoh Seti I. composé de quatre malfaiteurs a été pris en flagrant délit de fouilles clandestines. Ils ont Replicas of a number of Tutankhamun’s été remis à la Police du Tourisme et des belonging are also to be displayed at the Antiquités. (‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Tentative exhibition, including the royal chamber, déjouée de fouilles illicites à Abû Rawwâsh et golden knives, as well as a number of warrior arrestation des pilleurs », al-Ahrâm, 29 janvier shields covered with gemstones. A number of 2020. Voir également Fâdî Francis, « Tentative jewellery replicas are also to be on display déjouée de fouilles illicites à Abû Rawwâsh et along royal hunting equipment. arrestation des coupables », al-Masrî al-Yawm, al-Tîbî further explained that the exhibition 29 janvier). highlights the passion and high turnout of - - Italians regarding the exploration of ancient Egyptian antiquities, highlighting that the As a part of the Ministry of Antiquities and exhibition is not the first of its kind. Tourism adopted policy in promoting ancient Egyptian antiquities through a number of A similar exhibition took place in Italy back foreign exhibitions, the ministry is to hold an in 2018 where over 100 thousand visitors exhibition of replicas for a number of relics in attended. Venice, starting mid-February.

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The ministry of Antiquities and Tourism Le personnel travaillant sur le site portera previously announced its plan of activating the un uniforme distinctif. Il sera surveillé de près. Archaeological Models Production Unit. Aucun clash ne sera toléré, que ce soit avec les visiteurs égyptiens ou étrangers. Nous al-Tîbî stated last week that the unit is to nous efforcerons de faire du Plateau des produce a number of replicas that will be pyramides un centre culturel, touristique et de available for purchase at the Cairo divertissement, en fournissant tous les services International Airport’s duty free by the end of aux visiteurs, de sorte qu’ils puissent passer January. The almost identical replicas leur journée entière sur le site, sans manquer produced by the unit are the closest in shape de rien. (Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Achèvement and quality to the real relics, unlike the des travaux architecturaux à 100 % », al- commercial ones that are commonly sold at Shurûq, 29 janvier 2020). bazaars. (“Temporary exhibition for antiquity replicas takes place in Venice”, Daily News - - Egypt, January 29, 2020. Voir également Angy Essam, “Archaeological replicas exhibition to Jeudi 30 janvier 2020 be inaugurated in Venice on Feb.14”, Egypt Today, February 14 ; MENA, « Venise Important work has been done in accueillera une exposition de répliques salvage and site-management work in archéologiques égyptiennes en février the , but there is still prochain », al-Shurûq, 27 janvier ; Amal more that needs to be done, writes Zâhî Gamâl, « Venise organise une exposition de Hawwâs: répliques archéologiques égyptiennes », Watanî, 27 janvier ; Ahmad Mansûr, « 70 A very important project I did when I was répliques archéologiques exposées à Venise », the head of antiquities in Egypt was a master al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 14 février ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, plan site-management plan for the Valley of « 70 reproductions archéologiques exposées the Kings on the west bank of the Nile at en Italie », Sada al-Balad, 14 février). Luxor. - - I was assisting the Ministry of Tourism with a new site-management plan for the valley. Le directeur de la zone archéologique des We were working on the protection of the Pyramides, Ashraf Muhyî al-Dîn, a annoncé tombs and setting up a schedule so that the l’achèvement du projet du Plateau des tombs opened in rotation, with cleaning and pyramides. L’inauguration coïncidera avec restoration work carried out in the closed celle du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM), au tombs. I hope that the Ministry of Tourism and cours du dernier trimestre 2020. 30 autocars Antiquities will be able to work on the électriques seront mis à la disposition des implementation of this project now. groupes touristiques. The ministry is working with the US Getty Le ministère de l’Archéologie avait confié à Conservation Institute on several projects Orascom Investment Holding la responsabilité supervised by my friend Tim Whalen, the head de gérer ce site et de fournir les services aux of the Conservation Institute at the Getty. One visiteurs. Un système de sécurité de haut is in the tomb of Tutankhamun, where dark niveau a été installé. Il permettra de contrôler spots have marred the decoration on the walls toutes les routes d’accès et les lieux de of the burial chamber. These were present at rassemblement des visiteurs. Sachant que the time of the excavation of the tomb in the l’ancien accès au site sera réservé aux 1930s by Howard Carter, but no one had présidents et aux dignitaires de haut rang. studied the problem. Samples have been Quant au nouvel accès, situé sur l’autoroute taken since, and the Getty Conservation du Fayyûm, il accueillera les visiteurs Institute has discovered the real cause of the ordinaires. spots.

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It seems that the curse of Tutankhamun is absolutely amazing to see the temple lit up so still working. Tutankhamun’s large quartzite beautifully. sarcophagus is still inside his tomb, and his I do hope that Minister of Antiquities mummy was enclosed in three coffins, the first Khâlid al-‘Inânî will be able to convince the and second from the bottom (one of solid security authorities to let tourists visit the gold) being moved to the Egyptian Museum Valley of the Kings at night, because for the and soon to the Grand Egyptian Museum protection of the tombs it is not good for all (GEM). But the third on the top, inside the tourists to visit them in the morning. It would quartzite sarcophagus, was in a bad condition. be better for them to do the visit three times a This coffin is made of wood and covered in day, in the morning, at noon, and then at gold, and I asked Whalen to find an expert to night. restore the coffin. Brian Considine was chosen, The Carter House, the house in which but just before Brian planned to begin his Howard Carter lived during the excavation of work, he suffered from a bad accident that Tutankhamun’s tomb, has been converted into required three months of treatment. Everyone a museum. The rooms have been restored so connected this accident with the curse of they appear as they did in Carter’s day, and Tutankhamun. Egyptian restorers eventually visitors can watch a 20-minute lecture given by restored the coffin beautifully, and it was taken a holographic version of the famous to the GEM a few months ago. I was the coffin archaeologist. recently when I visited the GEM and saw the great work that had been done. Do not miss the chance to relax in Carter’s House and see the objects that he touched The Getty is also interested in working to every day during the years when he explored protect the , namely the the golden tomb. tomb of Nefertari, since this has not been restored for a long time, and the Getty did EXCAVATIONS ON THE EAST BANK: great work in the conservation of the tomb. There was also a major salvage excavation project underway in the modern town of In 2010, the Supreme Council of Luxor, focusing on the avenue of the sphinxes Antiquities (SCA) finished the site that once connected the Temple of Karnak management at Dayr al-Baharî, and visitors with the smaller Luxor Temple. can now see the Mortuary Temple of queen Hatshepsut in an even more beautiful way. Over time, this avenue was destroyed, and They can enter from the visitor’s centre and in modern times people began to build their see a film about Hatshepsut and a model of houses, roads, mosques, and churches above the temple. Then they can walk of take an it. Thanks to Samîr Farag, the previous electric vehicle up to the temple and return to governor of Luxor, the people living in this walk in a small bazaar where they can buy area were relocated and paid compensation. souvenirs at the end of the trip to the site. This campaign was even carefully followed by former president Husnî Mubârak and his We received a loan from the Spanish cabinet, and it received special attention from government to protect the West Bank, and Ahmad Nazîf, the former prime minister. now the Ministry of Antiquities is preparing for the protection of the rest of the mortuary We know from previous archaeological temples of the New Kingdom. work that the avenue of the sphinxes was 2,700m long, and it consists of 1,050 statues When I was in charge of antiquities, the of human-headed sphinxes from the reign of SCA finished properly lighting all the king Nectanebo I of the 30th Dynasty. The monuments on the West Bank, allowing avenue began with six chapels with ram- tourists to visit them at night. I recently went headed statues representing the god Amun to the Temple of Hatshepsut at Dayr al-Baharî built by queen Hatshepsut. It was then to seen the new lighting system there. It was followed up by Amenhotep III and

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Tutankhamun, but Akhenaton destroyed the industrial area containing a storage shaft, KV heads, which were restored by other kings T, and near it, a water tank KV U. Between until Nectanebo built the human-headed these, we found inlays that were used to cover sphinx avenue. royal coffins, as well as a ring with the name of Amenhotep III and a silver ring of a queen. We For many years, visitors to the Luxor also found an ancient workshop area with 30 Temple could see the beginning of the avenue houses for making gold, pottery, and furniture, of about 200m long, which originally held 64 with pottery dating to the 18th Dynasty. statues just north of the first pylon. Work to Additionally, we discovered KV65, which restore it began there and continued another contained tools that the ancient Egyptians 150m to the north, uncovering an additional used in the construction of the tomb. 29 statues. In this area, we found a Roman city and houses belonging to the Middle Ages. Lastly, we found a mummification workshop that contained tools used to The most exciting discovery was a relief mummify kings. An Egyptian expedition under bearing the cartouche of queen VII Mustafa Wazîrî has recently found the al- — perhaps she brought Julius Cesar or Mark ‘Asâsîf cache containing 30 decorated coffins Anthony to walk in the avenue of the sphinxes. on two levels for men and women as well as in the next section we excavated, between al- children in this area, all decorated with scenes ‘Adra (meaning the Virgin) Church and al- from the Book of the Dead. Inside The coffins Mathan Street, we cleared 150m and found were mummies. evidence for a few statues. The ones on the west side are in good condition, but only the An Egyptian mission also worked on the bases remain on the east. façade of the Luxor Temple last year, which had two seated statues, with one standing to Also, in this area there was a Late Period the west. Today, all the other statues have chapel and a Ptolemaic chapel. The final and been restored, and we can see the other two largest site was behind the library where we standing on the east of the seated statue and cleared 620m and found 104 sphinxes. The the one on the west. The façade is now archaeologists loved working there because complete. the area was so rich; one day they discovered the head of a sphinx, and the next the body It is important to have work clearly came to light. In the past, there was a viewing organised for sites to be preserved. For platform in this area, so that one could go and example, the creation of the Carter House watch the archaeologists, architects and Museum allows visitors to see where Carter restorers working together to tell the story of lived during his famous excavation of the avenue of the sphinxes. Tutankhamun’s tomb, and they can see the tools he used in his excavation. We were planning to open the avenue in 2012, but the events of 2011 halted our plans. Moreover, salvage archaeology is very I sincerely hope that the project will pick up important in the work done near the Luxor again so that the avenue can be completed. Temple and in the avenue of the sphinxes. With more and more important sites being The archaeological story of Luxor has also uncovered in the country, the need to added several new chapters in recent years. preserve and manage them increases, not just The discovery of foundation deposits in the for us today, but for upcoming generations Valley of the Monkeys may lead to a new and the future of Egyptology. (Zâhî Hawwâs, tomb, perhaps belonging to Ankhsenamun. I “Salvaging and managing the Valley of the am undertaking two excavations on the East Kings”, Al-Ahram Weekly, January 30, 2019). Bank right now, and we hope to find a royal tomb soon. We have made a major discovery in the - - Valley of the Monkeys, where we found an

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The Wâdî al-Natrûn Monasteries of St , Paromeos, St Macarius, and al-Suryân are among the 25 stops made by the Holy Family on their flight into Egypt. They are built to similar designs and are surrounded by fortified walls that enclose several churches and living quarters for monks. (Nevine El-Aref,

“Wâdî al-Natrûn as World Heritage?”, Al- A scientific, archaeological and technical Ahram Weekly, January 30, 2019. Voir committee is preparing a submission file to également Fâdî Francis, « al-‘Inânî examine le register the Monasteries of Wâdî al-Natrûn on classement des monastères de Wâdî al-Natrûn the UNESCO World Heritage List, with a au Patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco », al-Masrî February 2020 deadline for submission to the al-Yawm, 25 janvier ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le UN organisation’s World Heritage Committee ministre du Tourisme examine avec une (WHC). experte de l’Unesco le classement des The file is being compiled in cooperation monastères de Wâdî al-Natrûn au Patrimoine with two international experts who are mondial », Sada al-Balad, 25 janvier ; Islâm currently visiting Egypt. ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie étudie avec une experte de l’Unesco le classement des monastères de Wâdî al-Natrûn au Patrimoine mondial », al-Shurûq, 25 janvier ; “Egypt discusses listing Wâdî al- Natrûn monasteries on UNESCO World Heritage List”, Egypt Independent, January 26 ; Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt seeks to add Wâdî al-Natrûn monasteries on UNESCO World Heritage List: Minister”, Ahram Online, January 26).

- - Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities

Khâlid al-’Inânî has announced the discovery Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid of communal tombs for high priests at the al- al-‘Inânî met with one of the experts, Katri Ghurayfa area in Tûna al-Gabal archaeological Lisitzin, an expert on World Heritage site site in Minyâ, which marks the first management and a member of UNESCO’s archaeological discovery by the Ministry of committee in Sharjah. The two discussed Tourism and Antiquities in the year 2020. technical support to complete the application file.

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tombs with about 20 sarcophagi and coffins of various shapes and sizes, including five anthropoid sarcophagi made of limestone and engraved with hieroglyphic texts, and five well-preserved wooden coffins. Some of the coffins are decorated with the names and titles of their owners, and were discovered alongside more than 10,000 ushabti figurines made of blue and green faience, most of which are engraved with the titles of the The communal tombs were dedicated to deceased. high priests of the god Djehuty and senior officials in the fifteenth nome of Upper Egypt and its capital, Ashmûnayn.

The mission also found more than 700 amulets of various shapes, sizes and materials, including heart scarabs, amulets of the gods, Minister al-’Inânî said that since 2018, and amulets made of pure gold, such as the several discoveries have been made in Minyâ “Ba” and an amulet in the shape of a winged governorate, including a cachette of cobra. mummies, as well as several tombs full of Many pottery vessels of different shapes sarcophagi and funerary collections including and sizes, which were used for funerary and jewelries, ushabti figurines and funerary masks. religious purposes, were also unearthed along “Minyâ is set to be put on Egypt’s tourists with tools for cutting stones and moving map for its distinguished archaeological sites,” coffins, such as wooden hammers and baskets al-’Inânî said. made of palm fronds.

The discovery was made by an The discovery also includes eight groups of archaeological mission headed by Mustafa painted canopic jars made of limestone with Wazîrî, the secretary-general of the Supreme inscriptions showing the titles of their owner, Council of Antiquities. who bore the title of the singer of the God Thoth. Two collections of four canopic jars Wazîrî explained that the ongoing work by made of alabaster for a woman and a man the archaeological mission has uncovered 16 BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 56

Janvier 2020 were also unearthed, as well as stone dough deceased, the most important of which is the without any inscriptions representing the four title of “the assistant.” sons of Horus. It is worth mentioning that during its Wazîrî said that one of the stone previous works, the mission discovered 19 sarcophagi belongs to the son of Psametik, tombs containing 70 stone coffins of various who took the title of the head of the royal sizes and shapes. (Nevine El-Aref, “Communal treasury. He bore many titles, the most tombs for high priests uncovered Upper important of which were the priest of Osiris Egypt”, Ahram Online, January 30, 2020. Voir and Nut. également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie annonce la première découverte en 2020 à Minyâ », al- Ahrâm, 30 janvier ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « al- Ghurayfa dévoile ses secrets », Sada al-Balad, 30 janvier ; Mira Maged, “16 tombs, 20 mummies and 10,000 statues among Egypt’s first archaeological discovery of 2020”, Egypt Independent, January 31). - -

The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities The second sarcophagus belongs to Horus organized a series of visits and tours for the and has a scene depicting the goddess Nut disabled to acquaint them with the history of spreading her wings above the chest, and Cairo and its most important archeological below it are inscriptions revealing the sites, Director General of the department of deceased’s titles, including the title of royal culture and societal interaction in the ministry treasurer. Also discovered was a sarcophagus Rashâ Kamâl said. of Epy with three vertical lines of hieroglyphic inscriptions showing the names and titles of In statements on Thursday, Kamâl said that the deceased. these tours are organized on the occasion of selecting Cairo as the capital of Islamic The sarcophagus of the Djed of Djehuty Iuf culture. ankh, which is made of well-polished limestone, is considered one of the most The tours fall within the framework of a important coffins discovered during this program on archeological awareness for the season due to the titles inscribed on the disabled which comes as a step in the track of sarcophagus lid — that of royal treasurer and sustainable development, she said. (MENA, bearer of seals of and the sole “Ministry of Antiquities organizes tours for companion of the king. disabled to acquaint them with Cairo history”, Egypt Today, January 30, 2020). - - The granddaughter of , ’s late political leader and anti- apartheid revolutionary, paid a visit to Cairo’s new Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM), the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities said in a statement on Wednesday.

Ndileka Mandela was received by the General Supervisor of the GEM ‘Âtif Muftâh. The fifth sarcophagus has hieroglyphic inscriptions showing the surnames of the

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al-Bahnasâ archaeological site in al-Minyâ governorate, Upper Egypt.

The Head of the Islamic, Coptic and Jewish Sector said the renovation project will be implemented in three phases to turn the village a tourist attraction.

The visit included a tour of the Restoration Center of the much-anticipated GEM, the lobby that includes a statue of King Ramses II, the grand staircase, and the construction site of the museum and exhibition halls, according al-Bahnasâ is known for having many to the statement. Prophet Muhammed’s descendants buried in it following several major battles during the Mandela’s granddaughter was amazed by Islamic conquest of Egypt. the sheer size of the GEM and was excited to visit the new museum in light of its grand Between 3,000 and 5,000 citizens visit the opening this year, the statement said. tombs and archaeological sites in the village (“Nelson Mandela’s granddaughter visits every Friday. (MENA, “Antiquities Minister Grand Egyptian Museum”, Egypt directs officials to renovate al-Bayt’s shrines in Independent, January 30, 2020. Voir al-Bahnasâ”, Egypt Today, January 31, 2020. également Hishâm Shawqî, « La petite-fille de Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « al-‘Inânî et Mandela visite le GEM », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 29 le gouverneur de Minyâ en tournée janvier ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le GEM accueille la d’inspection à al-Bahnasâ », al-Ahrâm, 31 petite-fille de Mandela », al-Ahrâm, 29 janvier ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « al-‘Inânî inspecte les janvier ; Amal Gamâl, « Le GEM accueille la mausolées situés à al-Bahnasâ », Watanî, 31 petite-fille du leader Mandela », Watanî, 29 janvier). janvier). - - - - La Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités de Suhâg a mis en examen un ouvrier et son Vendredi 31 janvier 2020 frère, en plus de six autres complices, pour fouilles illicites dans le village d’Akhmîm. Il Tourism and Antiquities Minister Khâlid al- s’agit de : ‘Inânî on Friday issued directives to officials to begin renovation works of the shrines of al- — A. E., ouvrier âgé de 45 ans ; Bayt (the Prophet Muhammed descendants) in — K. E., ouvrier de 34 ans ;

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— M. S., plombier de 25 ans ; La perquisition du domicile a révélé la — E. E., peintre en bâtiment de 25 ans ; présence d’un puits de 1 x 0,9 m, d’une — R. M., propriétaire d’un restaurant, âgé profondeur de 8 m. Une amphore de 40 ans ; pharaonique blanche, de forme conique (60 — Sh. R., ouvrier de 34 ans ; cm) a été trouvée. Le Parquet a été saisi. — A. KH., ouvrier de 32 ans ; (Nevine Mustafa, « 8 individus arrêtés pour — A. H., menuisier, âgé de 25 ans. fouilles clandestines à Suhâg », al-Ahrâm, 31 janvier 2020).

- - - -

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ambassadors visit ‘Âbidîn Palace in Downtown Samedi 1er février 2020 Cairo”, Ahram Online, February 1st, 2020). - - Les policiers de Louqsor ont arrêté cinq individus qui entreprenaient des fouilles archéologiques illicites dans une maison située à côté du temple d’Esnâ. Ils ont été déférés devant le Parquet. (Îmân al-Hawwârî, « Arrestation de 5 fouilleurs clandestins à côté du temple d’Esnâ », al-Ahrâm, 1er février

A group photo of Tourism and Antiquities Minister Khâlid al- 2020). ‘Inânî, centre, along with ambassadors of 40 countries during their visit to ‘Âbidîn Palace in Cairo on Saturday (Photos courtesy of - - Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities) Ambassadors of 40 countries visited Dimanche 2 février 2020 Saturday ‘Âbidîn Palace in Cairo at the invitation of Tourism and Antiquities Minister Khâlid al-‘Inânî. A host of tourism investors were also invited by the minister to visit the historical building in eastern Downtown Cairo. The visit is part of a state policy to highlight historical landmarks and tourist destinations nationwide. Planning and Tourism Minister Hâla al- Sa‘îd, Minister of Communications and Egypt Today reveals a number of photos of Information Technology ‘Amr Tal‘at and State Ramses II obelisk after being installed in Tahrîr Minister for Immigration and Egyptian Square, one of the most famous squares in Expatriates Affairs Nabîla Makram were Egypt and the world. present. The foundation of the obelisk was ‘Âbidîn Palace was built in 1863 by relocated to Tahrîr Square from its original Egyptian, Italian, French and Turkish location in Sân al-Hagar archaeological region architects. in al-Sharqiyya Governorate on August 29, 2019, within the framework of the state’s plan The palace is one of the most famous to expose Egypt’s unique civilization to the buildings erected during the reign of world, and also in efforts to restore and Muhammad ‘Alî Pasha Dynasty. It was the seat beautify Tahrîr Square. of the government as of 1872 till 1952. The Ramses II obelisk was restored. Its During this eventful period of time, the base was installed first and then the obelisk palace witnessed unforgettable events that will be installed after that. Minister of Tourism undoubtedly affected Egypt's modern and and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî said that there contemporary history. (MENA, “40 foreign is no danger to placing Ramses II obelisk in Tahrîr Square. “We will not place a single brick BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 60

Février 2020 in any location in Egypt if there is any risk factor in doing so, as we are the guardians of the ancient Egyptian civilization, and we cannot put it at risk.” commented al-‘Inânî.

It is carved from pink granite stone and is distinguished by the beauty of its inscriptions which depicts King Rameses II standing in

front of a deity, in addition to the various titles Secretary General of the Supreme Council of the king. (Mustafa Marie, “Foundation of of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî explained that Ramses II Obelisk installed in Tahrîr Square”, the transfer process took place amid tight Egypt Today, February 2, 2020. Voir security measures by the Tourism and également Ahmad Mansûr, « La base de Antiquities Police, after the approval of the l’obélisque de Ramsès II fixée sur la place Permanent Committee of the Egyptian Tahrîr », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 2 février ; ‘Alâ’ al- Antiquities within the framework of the Minyâwî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de government’s plan to develop and renovate l’Archéologie inspecte le réaménagement de Tahrîr Square to be a new touristic hotspot la place Tahrîr », Sada al-Balad, 9 février ; within the archaeological and tourist Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Âtî, « Le Premier ministre attractions in the city of Cairo. inspecte les travaux de réaménagement de la place Tahrîr », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 16 février). - -

Almost 300 kilometres away from Cairo, The different parts of the obelisk will be ancient Egypt’s capital Minyâ is located where subject to restoration and re-assembly by a Pharaohs’ hidden treasure still wait to reveal specialized team of restorers from the Ministry its hidden gems to the world. A team of Antiquities in Cairo, prior to permanently discovered 16 burial shafts and 20 tombs from locating it in Tahrîr Square. the Late Period in Tûna al-Gabal’s Director of the Scientific Office of the archaeological site in Minyâ. Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Minister of Antiquities and Tourism Khâlid Antiquities Muhammad al-Sa‘îdî noted that the al-‘Inânî announced the discovery on obelisk moved from Sân al-Hagar Thursday, in a press conference that took archaeological region in al-Sharqiyya place at the discovery sight. Governorate was divided into 8 parts. The upper part is pyramid shaped. When all the The shafts belong to a number of high- pieces are put together, the obelisk will reach ranked priests of the 26th Dynasty where al- a height of about 17 meters and will weigh Ashmûnayn was the fifteenth nome of Upper about 90 tons. Egypt. Some of the shafts contain sealed tombs that are believed to contain well-

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Février 2020 preserved mummies. The found sarcophagi Muhammad al-Sa‘îdî, Director of the vary in shape and size, some of them were Scientific Office of the Secretary General of found in one chamber belonging to one the Supreme Council of Antiquities told Daily family, while five were found made of News Egypt that the unearthed gems are only limestone and engraved with hieroglyphic the beginning of a long way to go. “So far, we texts. only discovered all of that from excavating one hill of the site, which contains over 12 more others.”

The unearthed treasures also contain 10,000 ushabti statues with the names of their owners, some of which are made of pure gold, He explained that through discovered as well as pottery vessels. names engraved on the tombs and the attached relics, the mission managed to draw The mission also found more than 700 a family tree of the senior priests that were in amulets of various shapes, sizes, and materials; charge of worshipping Gods at the time, including heart scarabs, amulets of the gods, “especially with the help of having some and amulets made of pure gold such as the family members buried together.” “Ba” and an amulet in the shape of a winged cobra. al-Sa‘îdî explained that all of the shafts in the area are just the “beginning of a huge al-‘Inânî stated in his speech that the cemetery dating back mainly to the 26th archaeological site still had a number of Dynasty.” treasures to be discovered, explaining that “it is still virgin, with much gems waiting to see “The priests buried in this cemetery are the the light.” al-‘Inânî added that the ministry is highest priests of that time. They were currently working on listing Minyâ on the dubbed with special names that were given to international touristic map, due to its them only throughout the eras at al- distinguished archaeological sites. Ashmûnayn,” he stated, explaining that the amulets that the mission found are unique, He said that the area would still fascinate indicating their positions as the only priests people with much more discoveries. who worshipped the five gods of that time. (…) The discovery, which is the first in He further noted that the main 2020, also marks the first anniversary of a distinguishing element of the chambers is the similar discovery in the same area where a fine-quality limestone used in them, which family cemetery had a collection of 40 indicate, along with the other unearthed relics, sarcophagi of different shapes and sizes, with their wealth. statues and figurines with the names of the members carved on them. The discoveries are the results of only three excavation seasons in the site. So far, the excavation that started in August 2017, came to find 35 burial chambers and 90 sarcophagi, all belonging to senior officials of the late Kingdom.

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The archaeological site located 75 Lundi 3 février 2020 kilometres south of Minyâ was only listed as an archaeological site in 1925. al-Ghurayfa (the very small room), was named after the miracles it was believed to bless its visitors with. The area was long believed before that to be holy. Surrounded by hills in the middle of the desert, al-Ghurayfa was culturally believed to have a secret spell for fertility. Women used to enter it in the dark, looking to be blessed with a male born son. The belief was that the fear the grim brings to one soul is Egyptian archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs spoke all what the upper power needs to bless the about Cleopatra, Tutankhamun and person with a male born and keep him safe Akhenaten during a lecture on Egyptian from all danger. tourism in Madrid. Among the residents of Minyâ, the site is a “I am looking for the tomb of Nefertiti in well-known heritage location, and was the western part of the Valley of the Kings, I frequently visited by pregnant women. think it is there.” said Hawwâs during the It was not announced as an historical site lecture. until 1925, when officials discovered an illegal “I have already found 30 cemeteries, a digging in the area, that resulted in the cemetery-building workshop, an oven, discovery of one of the most fascinating and ceramic, building workshops, a workshop for well-preserved limestone tombs, belonging to making liners and a grave for construction with th a high-ranked priest of the 26 Dynasty. The tools to make graves. Last week, I found a sarcophagus is currently on display at the mummification workshop, which is why I Egyptian museum. believe that the tomb of Nefertiti is in the So far, two of the unearthed tombs were western part of the Valley of the Kings.” transferred to be showcased at the new capital resumed Hawwâs. museum, according to al-Sa‘îdî. “The tomb of Nefertiti will be the next As for the rest, they are to be on display at great discovery. A good archaeologist must the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM), be very patient, and I am patient, that’s why I Hurghada, and Sharm al-Shaykh Museums, did not lose hope.” concluded the iconic amid their official openings, also planned to archaeologist. take place this year. (Nada Deyaa’, “16 Burial chambers containing 20 well-preserved tombs unearthed in Minyâ” Daily News Egypt, February 2, 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « Première découverte archéologique du ministère de l’Archéologie en 2020 à Minyâ », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 2 février ; Mustafa Marie, “Spanish Newspaper ABC amazed by Minyâ’s discovery”, Egypt Today, February 4;

Nevine El-Aref, “Minyâ in the limelight”, Al- Ahram Weekly, February 6). Hawwâs had requested that Spain protect the Temple of Debod located in Madrid from - - stormy weather. “If the temple is not protected, it must be returned to Egypt immediately.” stated Hawwâs.

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This came during a press conference held Le Musée national de la Civilisation in Spain on the sidelines of Hawwâs’ lectures égyptienne (NMEC) a accueilli les élèves de to promote Egyptian tourism around the deux écoles du Caire dans le cadre du world, in the presence of Deputy Prime renforcement du rôle éducatif et sociétal des Minister Carmen Calvo and more than 1,500 musées. Le superviseur général du NMEC, Dr attendees. Ahmad al-Shirbînî, a souligné que le rôle du NMEC consiste à jeter des ponts pour faire Hawwâs further pointed out that the connaître la civilisation égyptienne. Les Temple of Debod was gifted to Spain in 1968 conservateurs du NMEC ont fait découvrir aux by the Egyptian government during the era of jeunes élèves les différentes activités du late President Gamâl ‘Abd al-Nâsir, in musée, ainsi que la naissance de la civilisation appreciation of the Spanish role in saving the égyptienne et son évolution à travers les âges. antiquities of Nubia. Les élèves ont bien apprécié leur visite, tout “I will recover all the looted artefacts; I am comme l’architecture du NMEC et son a fighter and I always win”. “It is time for the emplacement exceptionnel sur le lac ‘Ayn al- stolen artefacts to be returned to Egypt, and Sîra. (Hishâm Shawqî, « Le NMEC accueille les for our country to recover the pieces that élèves de deux écoles du Caire », al-Masrî al- ended up in auctions of the rich and the elites Yawm, 3 février 2020. Voir également MENA, who kept them in their private rooms « Le NMEC accueille les élèves de deux écoles preventing the whole world from seeing and du Caire », al-Shurûq, 3 février ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, appreciating it.” said Hawwâs. « Le NMEC accueille une visite scolaire de Furthermore, Hawwâs presented a number deux écoles du Caire », Watanî, 3 février). of his books to the Spanish Deputy Prime - - Minister and former world-famous footballer Emilio Petrajenio, the current director of international relations for Real Madrid. (Mustafa Marie, “Hawwâs promotes Egyptian tourism in Spain”, Egypt Today, February 3, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministre espagnole du Tourisme : La restitution du temple de Debod à l’Égypte représente une catastrophe pour le tourisme à Madrid », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 11 février). - -

In an attempt to counter centralisation and away from big cities whose museums host most of the antiquities, Egypt is set to open the long-anticipated Al-Atony Museum at the end of the year in the Upper Egypt city of hidden treasures, Minyâ, said Mu’min ‘Uthmân, head of museums sector at Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism. Al-Atony Museum, dedicated to Amon, the god of sun in ancient Egypt, is to showcase the antiquities that have been discovered in Minyâ over the past few years, and marked international attraction.

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‘Uthmân’s statement was during his tour in Minyâ,” ‘Uthmân said, noting that Al-Atony Mallawî Museum in Minyâ, aside announcing Museum was co-financed by a German fund. the discovery of 16 burial chambers in the city. ‘Uthmân told Daily News Egypt that the The museum comes as a part of the museum would have an interesting showcase ministry’s plan to put Minyâ on the world’s system, similar to international ones, “that is touristic map due to “its distinguished all about highlighting the beauty of the relics archaeological sites,” said Minister of away from piling them all in one place.” Antiquities and Tourism Khâlid al-‘Inânî. He added that the new system the ministry The pyramid-shaped museum was is adopting in displaying relics at the museum originally planned to display only the focuses on settling the pieces separated from collection of Akhenaten, the 18th Dynasty each other, each with the appropriate required Pharaoh that ruled for 17 years in which he lighting system, that attracts attention. dedicated his life to change the traditional “It was a common complain that museums Egyptian polytheism beliefs and introduce the pilled antiquities that visitors did not have the idea of worshiping one god, named Aten, the chance to fully enjoy each of them separately; first known instance of monotheism in ancient something we made sure not to happen at any Egypt. After his death, Akhenaten’s statues, of the soon opening museums,” he assured. inscriptions, and symbols were all destroyed and erased from most of the temples and his The number of museums Egypt has so far name was removed from monarch lists. been 43, a number that the ministry is planning to increase to 50 by the end of this However, ‘Uthmân stated that this is no year through opening 13 museums across the longer the plan, as the ministry is currently country, notably the Grand Egyptian Museum, working on widening the scale of the and Sharm al-Shaykh and Hurghada museums, showcased antiquities. according to ‘Uthmân. “It is still mainly dedicated to Akhenaten He stressed that Egypt witnessed a leap in collection and his distinguished philosophy, museum visits in 2019 that it has not seen in but it will also include a big hall for the new years, revealing that the Egyptian Museum discoveries in Minyâ over the past few years,” witnessed over 6,000 visitors daily, mostly he said. foreigners, compared to around 1,500 visitors The museum’s opening was postponed in 2013, mostly Egyptians. (Nada Deyaa’, “Al- several times. The museum’s construction Atony Museum in Minyâ to open year-end; started in 2002, with EGP 150m fund. It was showcasing King Akhenaten collection” Daily built over three phases and the basic News Egypt, February 3, 2020. Voir également foundations were finalised in 2010. The Muhammad ‘Abd al-Latîf, « Le gouverneur de construction was halted first in 2011 due to Minyâ inspecte le projet de construction du the 25 of January revolution, and later due to musée Atonien », al-Ahrâm, 6 février). Mallawî Museum’s robbery and destruction - - that led to loosing 1,003 antiquities, of which 900 pieces only were restored. Mardi 4 février 2020 The construction was also delayed due to the lack of financing provided by the Ministry Le ministre du Tourisme et de of Antiquities. The work resumed in 2015. l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a accueilli l’ambassadeur de Biélorussie au Caire, S.E.M. A committee from the ministry selected the Sergei Terentiev, afin d’examiner le antiquities to be showcased, and is currently renforcement de la coopération bilatérale working on the display scheme. dans les domaines du tourisme et des “So far, we are planning to display from antiquités. L’ambassadeur de Biélorussie a 3,000-6,000 relics, mostly discovered in passé en revue les possibilités de

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Février 2020 collaboration, de signature d’accords dans le The limestone with hieroglyphic inscription, domaine des musées, d’échange des which was used as an anchor, is to be on expertises et d’entraînement du personnel des display at the Egyptian exhibit in Israel musées. Museum in Jerusalem. The limestone has engravings showcasing the image of an ancient goddess that is yet to be known. The inscriptions are shown clearly, as the limestone is well preserved due to being incised deep in sand.

Enfin, l’ambassadeur de Biélorussie a réaffirmé le désir de son pays de renforcer les liens ainsi que le flux des touristes Biélorusses vers l’Égypte. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie reçoit l’ambassadeur de Biélorussie au Caire afin d’examiner le renforcement de la coopération bilatérale », Sada al-Balad, 4 février 2020. Voir également Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Bâqî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie examine avec l’ambassadeur de Biélorussie au “Its function is quite mundane and easily Caire le renforcement de la coopération identifiable: it was a typical anchor used by bilatérale », Vetogate, 4 février ; Amâl Raslân, ships during the Bronze Age, which ended « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie some 3,200 years ago,” Shirly Ben-Dor Evian, examine avec l’ambassadeur de Biélorussie au curator of Egyptian archaeology at the Caire le renforcement de la coopération dans museum told the local media portal, le domaine des musées », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 4 explaining that “these anchors were shaped février ; « L’ambassadeur de Biélorussie au like a trapezoid with rounded corners, with a Caire affirme le désir de son pays de renforcer hole drilled near the top end to secure a la coopération avec l’Égypte », al-Wafd, 4 rope.” février). This is not the first time Israel unearths - - ancient Egyptian relics. The sea, where the stone was found is known to be a home of number of Egyptian antiquities. “This was a known site from which other finds have emerged, but we were not digging there at the time,” Jacob Sharvit, head of the IAA’s maritime archaeology unit, told Haaretz, “Sometimes the sea does our job for us, and

fortunately a member of the public saw it and alerted us.” (“3,400-year-old ancient Egyptian A 3,400-year-old ancient Egyptian anchor discovered in Israel” Daily News Egypt, limestone anchor was accidentally discovered February 4, 2020. Voir également Ahmad at Israel’s northern shores in Haifa, according Mansûr, « Découverte en Israël d’une pièce to Israeli news portal Haaretz. archéologique égyptienne vieille de 3 500

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Février 2020 ans », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 février ; Mustafa Marie, “Egyptian artefact discovered in Haifa”, Egypt Today, February 6 ; “Israeli finds Egyptian artifact while swimming south of Haifa”, Egypt Independent, February 6). - - Le ministre du Tourisme et des Antiquités, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a révélé qu’une cafétéria et un restaurant touristique seront installés pour la première fois sur le Plateau des pyramides. La perquisition de son domicile a permis « S’ils le souhaitent, les visiteurs ont de saisir 269 pièces antiques : 26 statuettes de parfaitement le droit de déjeuner en face des différentes tailles et formes (granit, terre cuite, pyramides de Gîza », a souligné le ministre. calcaire, cuivre, basalte et faïence), 17 Cette initiative s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet amulettes (faïence, calcaire). En plus de ces de réaménagement des pyramides, pièces d’époque pharaonique, les policiers actuellement en cours. Ce projet est ont également saisi 226 monnaies en cuivre et entièrement placé sous la supervision du en bronze datant des époques grecque et Conseil Suprême des Antiquités, dans le romaine. Une instruction judiciaire est ouverte. respect de l’environnement archéologique. (Ashraf ‘Imrân, « Saisie de 269 pièces archéologiques dans le domicile d’un chômeur Toute la zone autour des pyramides et du à Minyâ », al-Ahrâm, 5 février 2020). Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) est le théâtre de nouvelles infrastructures, de déviations des - - routes et de nouveaux services, conformément à la nouvelle vision des lieux. L’autoroute désertique Le Caire-Alexandrie a été élargie. La place al-Rimâya sera supprimée, en prévision de l’inauguration du GEM, fin 2020. (Amâl Raslân, « Pour la première fois, le ministère du Tourisme inaugure une cafétéria et un restaurant touristique dans le secteur des pyramides », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 4 février 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « al- ‘Inânî et Sâwîris discutent la modernisation des services dans la zone des pyramides », al- Masrî al-Yawm, 2 mars ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie reçoit Sâwîris pour examiner la modernisation des services dans la zone des pyramides », al- Part of the comprehensive brochure on the historical al-Bahnasâ city - ET Ahrâm, 2 mars). The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has completed a detailed brochure about the - - ancient city al-Bahnasâ (Oxyrhynchus) in Minyâ Governorate. Mercredi 5 février 2020 This came upon the instructions of Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî to La Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités de create an illustrative brochure of the city and Minyâ a mis en examen un chômeur, âgé de its Islamic monuments, such as the domes, 26 ans, pour trafic archéologique. shrines and mosques of the companions of Prophet Muhammad, and the followers and

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Février 2020 scholars who visited Egypt, along with the tree Additionally, al-‘Inânî stated that the of the Virgin Mary and the dome of the seven invaluable archaeological domes need girls. restoration as they have not been restored since they were documented in 2001, The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities will indicating that the restoration process will start print a large number of the illustrated in two weeks. (Mustafa Marie, “Illustrative brochure, prior to its distribution at the brochure about al-Bahnasâ completed”, Egypt archaeological areas and tourism offices in the Today, February 5, 2020. Voir également ‘Alâ’ governorates of Egypt. al-Minyâwî, « Le gouverneur de Minyâ : It is worth noting that the minister of Achèvement de 75 % des travaux de Tourism and Antiquities visited Minyâ last réaménagement du monastère de Gabal al- Thursday to announce a new archaeological Tayr », Sada al-Balad, 21 janvier ; Ahmad excavation in al-Ghurayfa, Tûna al-Gabal. Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie édite A tour on Friday was made to inspect the un catalogue illustré des mausolées de works of the restoration project of the Minyâ », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 5 février ; Islâm Monastery and Church of the Virgin Mary ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Édition d’une brochure sur (Dayr al-Muharaq) in Gabal al-Tayr (Mount le patrimoine islamique d’al-Bahnasâ à Bird), which is one of the stops on the path of Minyâ », al-Shurûq, 5 février). the Holy Family in Egypt. - - A tour was also made to the city of al- Bahnasâ (Oxyrhynchus) as it hosts several domes, shrines and mosques of about 70 of the companions of Prophet Muhammad, and the followers and martyrs of Islam. The brochure was made with the aim of providing abundant information on the region’s endless religious and touristic sites that hold a great value. Le superviseur général du projet du Grand Also, al-‘Inânî directed to start the Musée Égyptien (GEM), ‘Âtif Muftâh, a révélé restoration work immediately in the area of the que des discussions sont en cours avec al-Bayt tombs located in the al-Bahnasâ area certaines compagnies, afin de relier le GEM au in Minyâ Governorate. A sum of L.E 4 million Plateau de Gîza, à travers un sentier de 2 km was provided by the ministry for the de long sur 0,5 km de large. L’évacuation du restoration works. Club al-Rimâya se poursuit et sera achevée en al-‘Inânî stressed the importance of this mars prochain. À l’emplacement de ce club se region, which annually welcomes hundreds of tiendra probablement la scène où se visitors from inside Egypt, as well as tourists dérouleront les cérémonies d’inauguration du from some East Asian countries. GEM. al-‘Inânî pointed out that the region needs En coordination avec les autorités a large restoration project to bring it back to compétentes, le Plateau des pyramides sera its original condition. relié à certains hôtels importants présents sur The minister further pointed out that the le site. Un téléphérique de dix stations restoration works will be carried out in two assurera la fluidité des déplacements. Ce parts. The first part will focus on the projet de téléphérique est en cours de archaeological area and the second part will discussion avec les trois plus grandes focus on the vicinity of the archaeological compagnies au monde. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Un area. sentier de 2 km reliera le GEM au plateau des pyramides », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 5 février 2020).

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- - février ; Husâm Zaydân, « L’ambassadeur du Kazakhstan remercie l’Égypte pour la restauration de la mosquée al-Zâhir Baybars », al-Fagr, 5 février). - -

Jeudi 6 février 2020

(…) On top of the Gabal al-Tayr cliff stands

the rock-hewn Monastery and Church of the Le ministre du Tourisme et de Virgin Mary, with its distinguished architecture l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a accueilli and wonderful view of the Nile Valley giving l’ambassadeur du Kazakhstan au Caire, S.E.M. onto carefully cultivated fields and lush palm Arman Issagaliyev, afin d’examiner le groves. renforcement de la coopération bilatérale dans les domaines du tourisme et des According to tradition, the area has the antiquités. Au début de l’entretien, M. name of “Gabal al-Tayr”, which means “Birds Issagaliyev s’est félicité de la progression des mountain”, because thousands of birds live travaux de restauration de la mosquée al-Zâhir and nest in the cliffs. It is one of the locations Baybars, située dans le quartier al-Zâhir, au where the Holy Family visited and stayed for Caire. Il a remercié le gouvernement égyptien three days during their journey in Egypt. et le ministère de l’Archéologie pour leurs According to historian of Christian efforts déployés en vue de l’achèvement de ce monasteries and churches in Egypt Abû al- projet. Makârim, while passing by the place in a small M. Issagaliyev a affirmé la nécessité boat the Virgin Mary noticed an enormous d’assurer une plus grande promotion des sites rock coming loose from the mountain and touristiques égyptiens auprès du public about to fall on the boat. kazakhstanais. Il a même proposé la mise en The infant Jesus extended his hand and service d’une ligne aérienne directe entre Le stopped the rock from falling, and the shape Caire et le Kazakhstan. Sachant qu’un grand of his palm was imprimed on the rock. In 1168 nombre de Kazakhstanais fréquentent CE, the then ruler of Jerusalem removed the uniquement Sharm al-Shaykh, grâce à part of the rock bearing the imprint and took it l’existence d’une liaison aérienne directe avec with him to Syria. cette ville. Gamâl Mustafa, head of the Islamic, Coptic De son côté, Dr al-‘Inânî a souligné les and Jewish Antiquities Sector at the Ministry efforts de son ministère pour aplanir toutes les of Antiquities, said that the Church of the difficultés et reprendre en 2018 le projet de Virgin Mary at Gabal al-Tayr was built in 328 restauration de cette mosquée, initié en 2007, CE by the Byzantine empress Helena (mother après plusieurs années d’interruption. (‘Umar of the emperor Constantine) in memory of the al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de passage of the Holy Family in Egypt. l’Archéologie examine avec l’ambassadeur du Kazakhstan au Caire le renforcement des In 1938, Severus, the bishop of Minyâ, relations bilatérales », al-Ahrâm, 5 février restored the church and removed the original 2020. Voir également « Le ministre du stone roof in order to enlarge it. Tourisme examine avec l’ambassadeur du The church itself consists of a nave with Kazakhstan au Caire la mise en service d’une three sanctuaries and two side aisles and a liaison directe avec Astana », al-Watan, 5 western return aisle separated from each other février ; Râmî Husayn, « al-‘Inânî examine avec with ten rock-cut columns. on the south side of l’ambassadeur du Kazakhstan la mise en the church, the baptismal font is carved in a service d’une liaison directe », al-Dustûr, 5 BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 69

Février 2020 column. The area in front of the middle The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) is sanctuary serves as a choir. indeed shaping up to be a gem. Anyone passing the GEM are stopped in their tracks Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ, head of the Projects by the grandiosity of the premises. The new Sector at the SCA, said that work on the museum has come a long way in a short time. restoration project at the monastery and the While a year ago the building was surrounded church began in 2018 after the approval of the by scaffolding, today it stands tall, overlooking Permanent Committee of Islamic, Coptic and the Gîza Plateau, almost ready to receive its Jewish Antiquities. The work was carried out in eager visitors later this year. two phases, the first phase covering the western corridor and being completely Progress has been quick and impressive. In finished. The second phase includes the only four years, tremendous efforts have been southern corridor and is still ongoing. put into finishing off a site that the whole world is waiting for. In 2016, only 17 per cent The work of the first phase included the of the museum was complete. Today, more restoration of the walls and ceiling of the than 94 per cent of the works are finished. church. In the second phase, the work will include the restoration of the other walls and Sprawled on 500,000 square metres, and the rest of the work to be completed. This bigger than Vatican City, the museum’s includes the replacement of the modern trapezoidal architectural design and mosaic set up in 1987 on the eastern wall of distinguished external wall offers an enormous the church’s southern entrance with another panoramic view of the Gîza Plateau. It will mosaic of the journey of the Holy Family. house 100,000 objects from ancient Egypt, (Nevine El-Aref, “Minyâ in the limelight”, Al- beginning with prehistory and going up to the Ahram Weekly, February 6, 2020). early Roman period. Among the objects on - - display will be the unique treasures of the boy king Tutankhamun, some of which will see the light for the first time ever. Upon entering the GEM’s main external gate visitors will be greeted by the obelisk from the Sân al-Hagar archaeological site in Zaqâzîq. It will be the first obelisk display, offering visitors the opportunity to walk beneath it and see the cartouche of king Ramses II engraved on its bottom. Ancient

Egyptian royal figures used to engrave their Sh. A., chauffeur âgé de 52 ans, résidant à cartouches on the bottoms of obelisks as a Manfalût dans le gouvernorat d’Asyût, a été mark of ownership. Within the building itself mis en examen pour trafic archéologique. Il a the statue of Ramses II proudly greets été arrêté en possession de 43 statuettes de incomers. Moreover, the museum’s différentes tailles et formes, d’une statuette unparalleled grand staircase, spread out over représentant un singe portant une couronne et 6,000 metres, will carry some 87 huge ancient de 15 lampes à huile. En plus de ces pièces pieces. datant de l’époque pharaonique, les policiers GEM is foreseen to be the largest and most ont également saisi une boîte à khôl datant de significant cultural project in the world today l’époque copte et décorée d’une and is projected to change Egypt’s tourism représentation de la Sainte Vierge. (Nevine map. In fact, BBC Travel lists the opening of Mustafa, « Arrestation d’un chauffeur en GEM as one of the reasons Cairo is a top possession de 41 pièces antiques », al-Ahrâm, place to visit in 2020. 6 février 2020). - - BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 70

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The new museum will provide a full cultural Shâmî, « L’ambassadeur du Japon au Caire : experience. Its ground will include a 7,000 L’inauguration du GEM sera un nouveau square metre commercial area with retail symbole de l’amitié entre l’Égypte et le shops, cafeterias, restaurants, leisure and Japon », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 29 février). recreational activities. These will include a - - 1,000-seat conference centre, a 500-seat cinema, eight restaurants, with two Vendredi 7 février 2020 overlooking the Gîza Plateau, an open-air theatre, food courts, bookshops and other retail outlets, with 28 shops, a traditional arts and crafts centre, a spacious piazza for festivals of more than 15,000 participants and a multifunctional building. The streets around the GEM have also been developed to highlight it as the centre of attention and to facilitate arrivals to the museum, untangling the heavy traffic for which the neighbourhood was infamous. Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities GEM is a dream come true — a fourth revealed on Friday the price of entry tickets for pyramid for Egypt. The idea of the museum Cairo’s Baron Palace, which is set to re-open dates to 2002. It was meant to solve the this month after undergoing an intense problems of the overstuffed Egyptian Museum restoration process. in Tahrîr Square and to bring together materials stored at various archaeological sites Tickets for foreigner visitors will cost LE across the country. The $1 billion facility was 100, reduced to LE 50 for foreign students. finally made possible thanks to funding by the Egyptian government along with two soft loans from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) amounting to around $750 million. What GEM will provide to the world is much bigger than the sum going into building it; it will be Egypt’s gift to the world, a monument left to future generations. With so Tickets for Egyptians will cost only LE 20 many investments and efforts going into and will be reduced by half for Egyptian making the dream come true, it is of utmost students as well. The ticket includes entry and importance that all concerned authorities a tour through the palace and gardens. focus on how best to promote it to the world, Visitors to the newly renovated palace will and how to organise an unforgettable also have access to the roof, according to a inauguration ceremony. GEM is no less press statement issued by the Secretary important that the Suez Canal. If well General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, managed, it could be a major source of hard which will allow tourists access to a panoramic currency income for the country and help view of the surrounding city. boost Egypt’s tourism appeal as a whole. (“Breathlessly waiting for GEM”, Al-Ahram Tickets for the roof cost LE 50 for Weekly, February 6, 2020. Voir également foreigners and LE 20 for Egyptians. Mahmûd al-Badawî, « Prix du ticket du GEM : The Baron Palace is set to display a large 60 L.E. pour les Égyptiens et 500 L.E. pour les collection including paintings, photographs, touristes », al-Watan, 2 février ; Khâlid al- and official letters and documents related to BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 71

Février 2020 the palace, in an exhibition on the history of Dayr al-Madîna et conservés au Musée Heliopolis. Égyptien. La présentation de chaque pièce est accompagnée d’une traduction de ses The recent renovation process came in inscriptions. light of a memorandum of understanding signed on September 12 by Egypt and Belgium for funds of LE 16 million to renovate the Baron Empain Palace, according to an official statement.

Meanwhile, Minister of Antiquities Khaled Le catalogue est divisé en trois catégories : al-‘Inânî pointed out that the palace is set to les stèles, les tables d’offrandes et puis portray the history of Heliopolis in différentes pièces comme des linteaux de collaboration with the Belgian Embassy, portes dont la plupart remontent au Nouvel adding that “97 percent” of the restoration Empire. (‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le CSA édite un work has been completed. (Mira Maged, nouveau tome du Catalogue General consacré “Supreme Council of Antiquities announces à Dayr al-Madîna », al-Ahrâm, 7 février 2020. ticket prices for Baron Palace”, Egypt Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le CSA Independent, February 7, 2020. Voir édite un nouveau tome du Catalogue General également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Montant du consacré aux trésors de Dayr al-Madîna », ticket d’entrée du palais Empain », Sada al- Sada al-Balad, 7 février). Balad, 18 janvier ; Amâl Raslân, « Le palais - - Empain ressuscite », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 février ; « Un ticket séparé pour visiter les Samedi 8 février 2020 terrasses du palais Empain », al-Masrî al- Yawm, 7 février ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Un ticket séparé pour visiter les terrasses du palais Empain », al-Ahrâm, 7 février ; Islâm ‘Abd al- Ma‘bûd, « Un ticket séparé pour visiter les terrasses du palais Empain », al-Shurûq, 7 février ; “End of renovation in sight: Baron Palace ticket prices announced”, Egyptian Streets, February 9). - - Le Conseil Suprême des Antiquités a édité un nouveau tome du Catalogue General of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, nos. 35001-35066, Deir El-Medina : Stelae and other inscribed Objects. Fruit d’une collaboration entre la France, l’Espagne et l’Égypte, ce catalogue présente une étude de 66 objets provenant de BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 72

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Egyptian minister of Tourism and reopened after its renovation. (“al-‘Inânî to Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî visited Luxor and inspect visual identity project at Karnak, Luxor Karnak temples on Saturday, February 8 to temples”, Egypt Today, February 8, 2020. Voir check the work that are being implemented également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du within the project of developing and raising Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le the efficiency of tourism services in that region projet d’identité visuelle dans les temples de and the elements of the visual identity project. Louqsor et de Karnak », al-Ahrâm, 8 février ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le ministre du About 80 percent of the visual identity Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le project is finished. The project will be applied projet d’identité visuelle dans les temples de in Luxor and Karnak temples, in addition to al- Louqsor et de Karnak », al-Shurûq, 8 février). Kibâsh road. More than 90 percent of al- Kibâsh road has been restored and - - developed, and will inaugurated soon. The Le ministre du Tourisme et de Pharaonic al-Kibâsh road is to become the l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, s’est longest gangway and open museum in the entretenu avec les responsables du tourisme world. et des antiquités à Louqsor, en présence du gouverneur de Louqsor, Mustafa Alham et du secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa Wazîrî. Cet entretien avait plusieurs objectifs : suivre le déroulement de la saison touristique hivernale actuelle, promouvoir le tourisme à la lumière des dernières découvertes archéologiques, répondre aux attentes du secteur touristique. Lors de cet entretien, al-‘Inânî a annoncé

que l’ouverture des tombes de Néfertari et de Séthi Ier, situées sur la rive Ouest, a rapporté The renovation of the Pharaonic al-Kibâsh plus de 100 millions de livres égyptiennes, au road is considered a monumental moment for cours des trois dernières années. (Muhammad Luxor, as the project will bring the great road al-Samkûrî, « L’ouverture des tombes de to life again. Its new design is set to change Néfertari et de Séthi Ier a rapporté 100 millions Luxor’s position on the touristic map, as it will L.E. », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 8 février 2020). become the longest gangway and open museum in the world. - -

Aiming to counter the effect of Egypt’s hot summer on Luxor tourism, the Supreme

Council of Antiquities is to apply a 50% discount on the newly launched Luxor pass. It is expected that the new makeover of al- Kibâsh road will attract tourists the world over The Luxor pass is a privilege card that and play a vital role in pushing the Egyptian allows tourists to visit all destinations located tourism forward. al-Kibâsh road will be in Luxor at 50 % price cut. The card facilitates

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Février 2020 where a tourist may journey as it allows them a appuie l’initiative Passe l’été au Saïd », al- number of visits to all of the temples, Masrî al-Yawm, 26 février). museums, and cemeteries without having to - - book a ticket for every single visit to each monument in the charming city. Dimanche 9 février 2020 Minister of Antiquities and Tourism Khâlid al-‘Inânî announced on Friday the pass would allow 50% discount starting from 1 July until 31 August, as a means of flourishing tourism during the hottest months of the year in Egypt. The pass was first launched last August with the aim of boosting tourism and easing tourists’ journey in the city, where the royal pharaohs were buried. Le musée Copte organise aujourd’hui un The five-day pass can be purchased from stage intitulé « La photographie et la either Cairo or Luxor at the Karnak Temple documentation archéologique », en vue de Visitor Centre. The pass requires a personal rehausser la conscience archéologique parmi photo of the holder, and their passports. les visiteurs du musée et le personnel archéologique. L’administration du musée For his side, Mustafa Wazîrî, the Secretary Copte a précisé que ce stage de trois jours General of Supreme Council of Antiquities s’adresse aussi bien au personnel du ministère said on Friday in a press release that there du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie qu’au grand would be a standard and premium card. public. Des conférences seront données par The standard Luxor pass allows its holder des spécialistes dans l’art photographique et to visit most attractions, except for the la documentation archéologique. th cemeteries of the 19 Dynasty pharaohs of Ce stage comporte une journée de travaux Seti I, and Nefertiti. pratiques au cours de laquelle les participants Both are located in the Valley of the Kings, s’exerceront à photographier les lieux and are known for their mesmerising archéologiques autour du musée. À l’issue de inscriptions drawn on their walls. However, ce stage, une exposition archéologique sera both cemeteries are allowed for visits under organisée pour présenter les meilleures the Premium pass. photos. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le musée Copte organise aujourd’hui un stage sur la The standard pass is currently sold at $100, photographie », Sada al-Balad, 9 février 2020. and $50 for students under the age of 30, and Voir également Husâm Zaydân, « La the Premium one is at $200 and $100 for photographie et la documentation students, before the price cuts. (“50% price archéologique : stage organisé au musée cut on Luxor pass during summer months: Copte», al-Fagr, 9 février). Tourism minister” Daily News Egypt, February 9, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, - - « Réduction de 50 % sur les billets d’accès aux sites de Louqsor durant les mois de juillet et Lundi 10 février 2020 d’août », al-Ahrâm, 7 février ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Passe l’été au Saïd : une initiative du Egypt’s House of Representatives ministère de l’Archéologie pour promouvoir le approved amendments in its plenary session tourisme », Sada al-Balad, 22 février ; Hishâm on Monday to two articles of the Antiquities Shawqî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie Protection Law No. 117 of 1983 regarding sneaking into archaeological sites and

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Février 2020 committing inappropriate acts, a statement by Mardi 11 février 2020 the Tourism and Antiquities Ministry said. The first amendment is a punishment of imprisonment for a period of no less than a month and a fine of no more than LE100,000, or one of these two penalties, for whoever climbs Egyptian antiquities, enters them secretly, or commits obscene acts against public morals at archaeological sites. The penalty is doubled if these acts are committed together.

The second amendment punishes with a fine between one million LE and LE10 million Temple of Debod and hard labor for whoever illegally possesses The Spanish minister of Tourism said, “If or sells an Egyptian artifact. the of Debod is damaged by The statement explained that these rain, and retrieved back to Egypt by Zâhî amendments were made as many people have Hawwâs, it will be disastrous for the tourism in recently been secretly accessing Madrid.” archaeological sites. The Spanish minister of Tourism stated that Egyptian antiquities are sold abroad the Egyptian Temple of Debod is the “pearl” through social media, the internet and at of Spanish tourist hotspots. auction halls abroad under claims that the During a press conference held in the antiquities came out of Egypt legally before Temple of Debod, the Spanish minister UNESCO’s 1970 convention and other related affirmed that Hawwâs’ visit to the temple and agreements, the statement said. his demand of its protection helped achieve In July 2019, Public prosecutors protection for the temple in an hour, interrogated a US tourist over attempting to something that previous Spanish politicians take obscene photos at the Gîza Pyramids and and Egyptologists failed to achieve. requested police investigation into the “We are happy that you have been gifted incident, the al-Watan website reported. this masterpiece for what you have given The Ministry of Antiquities said in a Egypt and its people by contributing to saving statement at that time that security personnel the temples and villages of Nubia, but the operating by the Gîza Pyramids region temple must be protected from rain and arrested a foreigner who was using his mobile erosion, and this is better for you and us, and phone to take obscene photographs. for all mankind. As you know, Egypt gifted (“Parliament approves law amendments three other temples to Italy, America, and the punishing obscene acts in Egypt’s Netherlands, and all three of them covered archaeological sites”, Egypt Independent, the temples to protect them from the weather, February 10, 2020. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al- except for Spain, which overlooked that Minyâwî, « Le Parlement approuve l’ajout de important issue," stated the veteran Egyptian deux articles à la loi sur la protection du archaeologist. patrimoine », Sada al-Balad, 9 février ; Amal Hawwâs further explained the protection Gamâl, « Le Parlement approuve l’ajout de plan for the Egyptian temple from 1968 until deux articles à la loi sur la protection du now. patrimoine », Watanî, 10 février). - -

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al-‘Inânî explained that the palace would take its visitors into a journey to the past, starting from the early stages of Baron Empain first building Heliopolis as a district of modernism and fascinating beauty. The palace is to open within the next few weeks.

The mayor of Madrid affirmed that a committee will be formed immediately to study how to protect the Temple of Debod from rain and corrosion. The mayor of Madrid announced that next week he would start taking measures to cover the temple, affirming that Hawwâs “embarrassed” the officials.

Hawwâs made these statements during his recent visit to Spain, where he threatened to He further explained that the museum retrieve the temple if it wasn’t appropriately would be a window to the old days’ lifestyle, taken care of and protected by the Spanish through showcasing cars that date to the last officials. (Mustafa Marie, “Spain takes two centuries in order to reflect a real-life protection measures for Temple of Debod vision of that era. after Hawwâs visits Madrid”, Egypt Today, February 11, 2020. Voir également Ahmad al-‘Inânî previously told Daily News Egypt Mansûr, « Zâhî Hawwâs demande à l’Espagne that the museum’s opening only waited for the de préserver le temple de Debod ou de le complete restoration of one of Heliopolis tram rendre à l’Égypte », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 2 carriages that was planned to be on display, as février ; MENA, « Le maire de Madrid : well as the surrounding wall of the palace. Formation d’une commission pour protéger le temple de Debod contre la pluie », Sada al- Balad, 11 février ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Hawwâs : Le maire de Madrid a entendu mon appel pour préserver le temple de Debod », al-Shurûq, 11 février). - -

The museum will also display a film series of the Baron Empain himself with his partner Nubar Pasha, the former prime minister of Egypt, and Alexandre Marcel, the French architect who designed the palace.

The films will also explain the architecture As the Baron Palace inauguration is just of Heliopolis over the decades, starting from around the corner, Minister of Antiquities and the district’s planning, going through its Tourism Khâlid al-‘Inânî visited the site earlier heritage, most famous places, and people’s this week to follow up on the renovation works lifestyle at different ages. and the Heliopolis museum that would be inside the palace.

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Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a reçu l’ambassadeur de Grèce au Caire, S.E.M. Nikolaos Garilidis, afin d’examiner le renforcement de la coopération bilatérale dans les domaines du tourisme, de l’archéologie et de l’échange des expériences en muséologie et en gestion des sites historiques. Les deux parties ont examiné la possibilité de constituer une mission Baron Empain had a major role in archéologique conjointe et d’unir leurs efforts designing the upper-class Heliopolis in Cairo, en vue de la protection du patrimoine. (‘Umar from the time he arrived in Egypt in 1904. al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie reçoit l’ambassadeur de Grèce He established his own business, which was au Caire, afin d’examiner le renforcement de called Heliopolis Oasis Company, and bought la coopération bilatérale », al-Ahrâm, 12 a large desert land from colonial forces, février 2020. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, turning it into what is currently known as « al-‘Inânî examine avec l’ambassadeur de Heliopolis. Grèce l’échange d’expertises en matière des He died in 1929, and was buried under the musées », Sada al-Balad, 12 février ; Amal Basilica Church in Heliopolis, which was linked Gamâl, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de to the Baron Palace by an underground l’Archéologie reçoit l’ambassadeur de Grèce tunnel. (Nada Deyaa’, “Baron Empain Palace au Caire », Watanî, 13 février). to opens its doors within days”, Daily News - - Egypt, February 11, 2020. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et Jeudi 13 février 2020 des Antiquités inspecte les finitions des restaurations du palais Empain », Sada al- Balad, 2 février ; Angy Essam, “Baron Palace to be inaugurated soon”, Egypt Today, February 9 ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et des Antiquités inspecte les finitions des restaurations du palais Empain », al-Ahrâm, 9 février ; « Le palais Empain s’apprête à recevoir ses visiteurs », Watanî, 9 février). - -

One of the pottery tombs discovered in Egypt’s Nile Delta region Mercredi 12 février 2020 (al-Daqahliyya governorate) with burials found in a "squatting" poisition - Press photo The Egyptian archaeological mission affiliated to the Supreme Council of Antiquities revealed the discovery of 83 graves during archaeological excavations in Kom al- Khilgân region in al-Daqahliyya Governorate. For his part, the Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî, affirmed that 80 tombs out of the 83 discovered spans back to the first half of the

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Février 2020 fourth millennium BC, known as the civilization the Naqada III era in addition to the Buto of Buto or Lower Egypt. period. Wazîrî pointed out that it took the form of More tombs buried in pottery coffins are oval pits cut in the sand layer, where burials expected to be revealed. were found inside the pits in a “squatting” For his part, Ayman al-‘Ashmâwî, Head of position. Wazîrî also revealed that funerary the Egyptian Antiquities Sector at the items were found with the burials. Supreme Council of Antiquities, said that a group of small handmade pottery vessels were discovered in addition to one or two marine oysters. al-‘Ashmâwî pointed out that the three discovered tombs span back to the era of Naqada III, in which two pottery sarcophagi were discovered with burials in a “squatting” position and surrounded by funerary items.

According to Wazîrî, this is the first time that pottery coffins dating back to the third Naqada period have been found in al- Daqahliyya governorate sites. Also, Wazîrî stated that this is the first time to ever discover burials in pottery-graves, He further added that the mission also except only once prior to that when the Polish found two stone vessels one of which has a mission discovered a pottery grave in Tell al- rectangular shape, and the other has a circular Farkha. shape. In turn, the head of the mission and the Director General of the al-Daqahliyya Antiquities Fathî al-Talhâwî, indicated that some artefacts dating back to the second transition period (the Hyksos period) had also been uncovered.

Some of the pottery items discovered in Egypt’s Nile Delta - Press photo This discovery is an added value to the history of the site, as it clearly confirms that the site witnessed intense settlement during Part of the discovery - Press photo BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 78

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al-Talhâwî explained that among these en plus de trois salles principales de 18 000 pieces, some furnaces and stoves were found, m2. L’Atrium, lui, mesure 8 500 m2. in addition to remains of foundations for mud- Parmi les pièces maîtresses figure le trésor brick buildings and four mud-brick burials of a de Toutankhamon qui regroupe 5 600 pièces child and three made for adults. dont certaines n’ont jamais été exposées ni dans le Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr ni dans celui de Louqsor. Une grande partie de ces pièces était entreposée dans les réserves.

Furthermore, al-Talhâwî pointed out that Quant aux 300 pièces de Toutankhamon some pottery, stone utensils, amulets and encore exposées au Musée de Tahrîr dont le ornaments that were made of semi-precious masque d’or, elles ne seront transférées vers stones were also found, in which some were le GEM que seulement trois mois avant son laced with gold. (Mustafa Marie, “83 ancient inauguration. Le GEM exposera également la tombs discovered in al-Daqahliyya collection de Hétep-Hérès, ainsi que les governorate”, Egypt Today, February 13, sarcophages d’al-‘Asâsîf qui seront réunis et 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Mise exposés dans un petit bâtiment. (‘Alâ’ al- au jour de 83 tombes à Kom al-Khilgân », al- Minyâwî, « Le masque d’or de Toutankhamon Ahrâm, 12 février ; Nevine El-Aref, “83 ancient sera transféré au GEM 3 mois avant son graves discovered in Egypt’s Nile Delta”, inauguration », Sada al-Balad, 14 février 2020). Ahram Online, February 12 ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, - - « 83 tombes : nouvelle découverte archéologique à Kom al-Khilgân », Sada al- Dimanche 16 février 2020 Balad, 12 février ; “83 ancient graves discovered in Egypt’s al-Daqahliyya Governorate”, Egypt Independent, February 13 ; Amal Gamâl, « Découverte de 83 tombes à Kom al-Khilgân », Watanî, 13 février). - -

Vendredi 14 février 2020

Le Directeur des affaires archéologiques du projet du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM), Dr al- Part of the exhibited artifacts - ET Tayyib ‘Abbâs, a annoncé que la scénographie s’étend de la période prédynastique jusqu’aux The Buffalo Museum of Science in America époques grecque et romaine. Le GEM dedicated a dimmed room to display ancient comprend deux salles pour les collections de Egyptian mummies alongside their unique Toutankhamon d’une superficie de 7 200 m2, coffins and gold-plated bandages.

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The curators at the museum said that the Today, February 16, 2020. Voir également mummies date back to the Greco-Roman era. Basant Gamîl, « Les momies pharaoniques They further stated that the Egyptian artefacts envahissent le Buffalo Museum of Science », displayed at the museum span back to the al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 16 février ; Mira Maged, year 332 BC. “Golden Egyptian mummies go on display at Buffalo Museum of Science”, Egypt Independent, February 17).

- - Le directeur général de la restauration au Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM), Dr Îsa Zaydân, a qualifié de plus grand projet de restauration Photo credit: from official promo video for the “Golden Mummies of Egypt” exhibition au monde, le projet d’extraction de la deuxième barque de Chéops. Ce projet Additionally, interactive touch screens conjoint entre l’Égypte et le Japon est mis en allow visitors to view all the hidden layers of place par le ministère égyptien du Tourisme et the mummifies, according to ubspectrum.c. des Antiquités et la Higashi Nippon The cross-sectional process reveals International University. Présidé par Dr Sakuji unprecedented features of ancient remains, Yoshimura, ce projet est financé par l’Agence including the flesh and bones of unidentified Japonaise de Coopération Internationale Egyptian mummies that were unveiled at the (JICA). exhibition. Le projet a démarré en 2010 avec The exhibition also includes several small l’aménagent du site et la construction de rooms screening short films about Egyptian plusieurs hangars. En 2011, les blocs de pierre cultural practices and mythological beliefs. qui couvraient la fosse ont été démontés et un laboratoire de restauration du bois a été installé provisoirement sur le chantier. En 2012, des analyses ont été effectuées. En 2014, l’extraction des planches de bois et leur restauration ont commencé. À l’heure actuelle, près de 1 170 planches ont été retirées sur un total de 1 264 planches entreposées dans la fosse et rangées sur 13 couches. 1 130 pièces ont été restaurées dont 942 ont été transférées au GEM. Il est prévu de Among the exhibited artifacts in Buffalo Museum of Science - ET rassembler la barque, afin de l’exposer dans For her part, Amy Pepper Coulson, director une salle dédiée au GEM. Chaque pièce of foreign relations at the Buffalo Museum of extraite est restaurée dans le laboratoire puis Science, stressed the importance of the scanner au laser. La barque sera rassemblée et visitors’ understanding of the history and modélisée numériquement avant de l’être en culture carried by the ancient remains, and réalité. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Barque de Chéops : that the museum displays unique artefacts 1 170 pièces extraites, 1 130 restaurées et 942 from the Greco-Roman era that depict that era transférées au GEM », Sada al-Balad, 16 like no other. février 2020). The locals were also happy that the famous pieces had made their way to Buffalo. - - (Mustafa Marie, “Buffalo Museum of Science exhibits ancient Egyptian artefacts”, Egypt

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The fountain drainage network in the Lundi 17 février 2020 garden’s Pharaonic part will be developed in the first stage of the restoration process. The second stage includes the restoration of archaeological models of statues inside the garden.

Part of Andalus Park - Photo Courtesy of Sherif Aboul Gadayel Cairo Governorate has recently announced its adoption of the Andalus Park’s development project under the supervision of the Ministry of Antiquities. Another view of the park - Atef el-Ekhnawi Andalus Park is one of the oldest historical A reproduction of the park’s statues that parks in Cairo’s downtown area. It was are impossible to restore will be made, while established by Muhammad Bey Zulfikar in restoration of the snake statues located in the 1935 at the end of King Fu’âd I’s reign. It has Pharaonic part of the garden will be been approved by the Egyptian Ministry of completed. The garden will also be reforested Antiquities as one of the Islamic and Coptic with rare plants that were previously removed. antiquities since 2010, and is now witnessing a The total budget for the development of comprehensive restoration process. Andalus Park amounts to L.E 30 million. The park is built on two acres and consists (Mustafa Marie, “All you need to know about of two parts. The southern part is called the Andalus Park’s restoration”, Egypt Today, Arabian Ferdous Garden. It is similar to the February 17, 2020. Voir également Ibrâhîm Andalusian gardens in southern Spain. It has Mu‘awwad, « al-Andalus, premier jardin classé perennial trees, such as the Uday tree, which is sur la liste du patrimoine », al-Masrî al-Yawm, more than 70 years old. The northern part is 4 février). called the Pharaonic Garden. - - It is located in a privileged location where it overlooks the Nile from the east and the Gezira Road from the west. From the north, it overlooks the Jeb Studio and from the south it overlooks the New Opera Square and the historical Qasr al-Nîl bridge.

Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a reçu l’ambassadeur du Japon au Caire, S.E.M. Masaki Noke ; le directeur général au Département Europe et Moyen-Orient à l’Agence Japonaise de Coopération Internationale (JICA), Monsieur Sakamoto Takema ; et la délégation qui les Andalus Park - Photo Courtesy of Abdallah S. Al Hodaif accompagnait. L’entretien a porté sur les

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Février 2020 moyens de renforcer les relations bilatérales dans les domaines archéologique et touristique, en vue de l’inauguration du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) prévue au cours du dernier trimestre 2020. Les deux parties ont passé en revue les préparatifs de cette inauguration, ainsi que l’augmentation du flux touristique japonais vers l’Égypte. (‘Umar al-Mahdî, « al-‘Inânî reçoit l’ambassadeur du Japon au Caire et le directeur de la JICA », al-Ahrâm, 17 février 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « Le Ont assisté à cette cérémonie un grand ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie nombre de professeurs d’archéologie des reçoit l’ambassadeur du Japon », al-Yawm al- différentes universités égyptiennes, des Sâbi‘, 17 février ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « En directeurs des instituts étrangers, des amis et prévision de l’inauguration du GEM, al-‘Inânî des étudiants du défunt, ainsi que beaucoup organise une réunion avec le directeur de la de responsables du ministère et du Conseil JICA et l’ambassadeur du Japon », Sada al- Suprême des Antiquités. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, Balad, 17 février ; « Le ministre de « al-‘Inânî : La disparition du doyen des l’Archéologie examine avec l’ambassadeur du archéologues est un jour triste pour tous les Japon les préparatifs pour l’inauguration du Égyptiens », Sada al-Balad, 17 février 2020. GEM », al-Watan, 17 février ; Kâmilyâ ‘Atrîs, Voir également Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Les « al-‘Inânî reçoit l’ambassadeur du Japon », archéologues arabes disent adieu à leur Ruz al-Yûsuf, 17 février ; Amal Gamâl, « al- doyen », Watanî, 14 février ; Amâl Raslân, « Le ‘Inânî reçoit l’ambassadeur du Japon au Caire ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie et le directeur de la JICA », Watanî, 17 février). organise une cérémonie en l’honneur du Dr ‘Alî Radwân », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 18 février ;

‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et - - de l’Archéologie organise une cérémonie en l’honneur de l’égyptologue ‘Alî Radwân », al- Ahrâm, 18 février ; Husâm Zaydân, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie organise une cérémonie en l’honneur de l’égyptologue ‘Alî Radwân », al-Fagr, 18 février ; Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Bâqî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie : Jour triste pour tous les archéologues », Vetogate, 17 février). - -

al-Sayyid M., âgé de 45 ans et Ayman R., Le ministère du Tourisme et de âgé de 30 ans, sont morts étouffés au fond l’Archéologie a organisé lundi soir une d’un puits qu’ils ont creusé à la recherche cérémonie en l’honneur de l’éminent d’antiquités à Wâdî al-Natrûn, dans le égyptologue Dr ‘Alî Radwân, ancien doyen de gouvernorat d’al-Buhayra. Les forces de la la faculté d’Archéologie et président de défense civile tentent d’extraire leurs l’Union générale des archéologues arabes, cadavres. (Hamdî Qâsim, « 2 individus décédé mercredi dernier. trouvent la mort lors de fouilles illicites à al- Buhayra », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 17 février 2020. Voir également Islâm Abû al-Wafâ, « 2

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Février 2020 individus périssent étouffés lors de fouilles Carved out of pink granite, the obelisk is illicites à Wâdî al-Natrûn », Watanî, 17 février). distinguished by the beauty of its inscriptions - - depicting Ramses II standing before one of the deities, surrounded by inscriptions of his various titles. Mardi 18 février 2020 Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî stated that placing the obelisk in Tahrîr Square does not pose any danger to the valuable monument or the people.

Aerial view of Mustafa Wazîrî during inspecting the newly installed Ramses II obelisk in Tahrîr Square - Press photo The development of Tahrîr Square continues, as the parts of Ramses II Obelisk are installed. The Cairo governor demanded the speedy completion of painting the The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has buildings surrounding the historical square just finished installing the hierarchical base for and developing the roads. Ramses II obelisk in Tahrîr Square as part of its development work. The other parts of the The obelisk installed in Tahrîr Square spans obelisk have also been installed on a raised back to the era of Ramses II. It was previously base so that they are out of reach. located in Sân al-Hagar area in al-Sharqiyya Governorate. All parts of the obelisk were subjected to restoration and assembly by a team of professional restorers from the Supreme Council of Antiquities. The obelisk installed in Tahrîr Square is not the only obelisk belonging to King Ramses II found in Sân al-Hagar archaeological area in al-Sharqiyya.

The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has

restored, assembled, and erected two The obelisk was divided into several parts. obelisks, two columns/pillars and two statues Put together, the obelisk reached a height of in the Ramses II Temple, in addition to 19 meters and a weight of approximately 90 tons.

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Février 2020 restoring and lifting some archaeological parts Presentation in Ancient Egypt”. The book is placed on terraces to protect them. published in the English language and is written by al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Basîr. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities also started with self-financing the second ‘Abd al-Basîr is the Director of the stage of the restoration, assembly and Antiquities Museum and the supervisor of Zâhî erection of a number of other obelisks, statues Hawwâs Center for Egyptology at the Library and columns in Sân al-Hagar area, which is of Alexandria. The book consists of 300 pages. considered one of the most important archaeological sites in Egypt’s Delta. (Mustafa Marie, “Ramses II obelisk installed in Tahrîr Square”, Egypt Today, February 18, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie achève la fixation du pyramidion de l’obélisque de Ramsès II place Tahrîr », al- Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 11 février ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Fixation du dernier fragment de l’obélisque de Ramsès II place Tahrîr », Sada al-Balad, 11 février ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Mustafa Wazîrî inspecte les restaurations minutieuses de l’obélisque de Tahrîr », al-Ahrâm, 16 février ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Restauration minutieuse de l’obélisque de Tahrîr », Watanî, 23 février).

- - The book includes a collection of articles Le musée archéologique de Mallawî and research for a group of the most famous organise, dimanche 23 février, une exposition Egyptologists and archaeologists around the temporaire intitulée « Notre culture, notre world, portraying how to depict the idea avenir ». Le président du Secteur des musées, behind self-representation through language Mu’min ‘Uthmân, a annoncé que l’exposition and art from the beginnings of early Egyptian présente des panneaux qui illustrent Dynasties to the end of ancient Egyptian l’importance de la protection du patrimoine, history. les différents risques qui le guettent et les “Self-representation in the ancient moyens de le protéger en temps de crise. Egyptian belief is considered the oldest and Cette exposition vise à rehausser la the most common element. This belief was conscience archéologique auprès du grand evident in private tombs of ancient Egypt, public. (‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le musée de where the personality and role of the Mallawî organise dimanche une exposition deceased individual are intentionally intitulée Notre culture, notre avenir », al- represented — by engravings or Ahrâm, 18 février 2020. Voir également ‘Alâ’ photographing — to the contemporary al-Minyâwî, « Le musée de Mallawî organise masses and to future generations.” said ‘Abd dimanche une exposition intitulée Notre al-Basîr. culture, notre avenir », Sada al-Balad, 18 février). The book also examines how and why non- - - monarchical elites represented themselves in ancient Egypt, through language and art in monuments, tombs, paintings, statues, and Jeudi 20 février 2020 literary texts. This was prevalent from the beginning of the ruling families to the Thirtieth The Publishing Department in the Dynasty. American University in Cairo has recently published a book titled: “Living Forever. Self- BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 84

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The book brings together articles from the l’ex-président du Service des antiquités world’s most famous Egyptologists and égyptiennes, Muhammad Bakr », al-Fagr, 20 archaeologists with different backgrounds. février). The several chapters of the book offer a new - - look at the form, content, and goal of self- representation in ancient Egypt. Samedi 22 février 2020 Applying different approaches and directions, they explore how to ensure self- The sun illuminated on Saturday at the face representation has rhetoric with deities and of Ramses II statue in Aswân, announcing the normal people alike, and provides rich start of the cultivation season according to historical and social information, in addition to ancient Egyptians’ beliefs. The phenomenon, providing examples of ancient rhetorical that takes place only twice a year, marks the channels in the Ancient Egyptian society and peak of tourism season in Luxor, Aswân, and highlights the concept of self in ancient Egypt. Abû Simbil. "Self-representation was the oldest and Dubbed the sun festival, the illumination most important component of Egyptian was at 6:20am and lasted for about 20 minutes culture. The non-royal elite members at Abû Simbil Temple. The event was presented themselves through language and witnessed by Aswân Governor Ashraf ‘Atiya art within the framework laid down by the and thousands of tourists. history and antiquities of their era. The Last year, the illumination was attended by elements of self-representation contrasted 6,500 tourists who usually gather before dawn with its heroes in titles, reigns, professions and to witness the light shedding on the 22-metre- backgrounds. They all focus on the meanings long statue slowly starting from face of the and history of the self in telling the story of statue, expanding to the surrounding giant life.” concluded ‘Abd al-Basîr. (Mustafa Marie, statues. (“Sun illuminates face of Ramses II as “AUC publishes “Living Forever” for ‘Abd al- Aswân’s tourism season peaks” Daily News Basîr”, Egypt Today, February 20, 2020). Egypt, February 22, 2020. Voir également - - Mahmûd Mulla, « 5 000 touristes assistent à l’équinoxe dans le temple d’Abû Simbil », al- Masrî al-Yawm, 22 février ; Muhammad Bakrî, « Le soleil illumine le visage de Ramsès II dans le temple d’Abû Simbil », al-Ahrâm, 22 février). - -

À peine quelques jours après la disparition de l’archéologue Dr ‘Alî Radwân, président de l’Union générale des archéologues arabes, la tristesse des archéologues se renouvelle avec le décès du Dr Muhammad Ibrâhîm Bakr, ancien président du Service des antiquités égyptiennes entre 1990 et 1993. Dr Bakr était apprécié par tous les archéologues. (‘Alâ’ al- Minyâwî, « Tristesse parmi les archéologues à Les autorités de Louqsor ont démoli cause du décès du Dr Muhammad Bakr », aujourd’hui deux immeubles, situés à côté de Sada al-Balad, 20 février 2020. Voir également l’église de la Vierge, dans le cadre du projet Husâm Zaydân, « Funérailles aujourd’hui de de ressuscitation du Dromos, reliant les

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Février 2020 temples de Louqsor et de Karnak. (Îmân al- his desire to have a number of local products Hawwârî, « Démolition de 2 immeubles situés sold at museums and outlets in Greece. sur le Dromos », al-Ahrâm, 22 février 2020. The minister’s initiative comes amid Egypt’s Voir également Muhammad al-Samkûrî, establishment of the first antiquities replica « Poursuite des travaux de réaménagement du factory, aiming to preserve the country’s Dromos à Louqsor », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 26 cultural heritage. The factory is to be the first février). of its kind that, according to al-‘Inânî, works to - - save the local market from having low quality products as well as generate proper revenues in investing in Egypt’s legacy.

Egypt’s Minister of Antiquities and Tourism Khâlid al-‘Inânî visited on Saturday a workshop in Athens, Greece specialised in making ancient Egyptian statue replicas in order to study the possible cooperation between the two countries in the replica making industry. The visit is part of al-‘Inânî’s official trip to Greece to meet his counterparts, looking to enrich the cooperation between the two countries in the field of replication. This comes a few days after Egypt launched its second replica exhibition in Venice, showcasing 70 antiquity replicas that were specially made by the unit to be on display. (Nada Deyaa’, “Egypt discusses cooperation with Greece to promote antiquities’ replicas”, Daily News Egypt, February 22, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al- Mahdî, « al-‘Inânî visite un atelier de reproductions archéologiques à Athènes », al- Ahrâm, 22 février ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Les reproductions archéologiques renforcent la coopération entre l’Égypte et la Grèce », Sada al-Balad, 22 février ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministre du Tourisme et des Antiquités visite un atelier de reproductions archéologiques à Athènes », al-‘Inânî praised the production process Watanî, 22 février). after working with technicians to enhance - - cooperation between the workshop and the Egyptian Archaeological Models Production Acclaimed Egyptologist Zâhî Hawwâs gave Unit at the Ministry of Antiquities, expressing a lecture in Nessour Cultural salon.

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Hawwâs revealed that the Grand Egyptian GEM’s opening ceremony”, Egypt Today, Museum (GEM) is the most important February 22, 2020. Voir également Ahmad archaeological project in the 21st century. The Mansûr, « Zâhî Hawwâs : L’opéra de veteran Egyptologist further added that Toutankhamon sera projeté lors de Tutankhamun Opera will be staged for the first l’inauguration du GEM en présence des rois et time in Cairo Opera House next September. des chefs d’État », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 22 février). Hawwâs has finished the script for Tutankhamun Opera, set to debut in the - - opening ceremony of the GEM in late 2020. Dimanche 23 février 2020 Hawwâs announced that one of the most important scenes in Tutankhamun Opera revolves around Nefertiti’s attempt to kill Tutankhamun and snatch the throne for one of her six daughters. Composed by Zamboni, the opera’s score will be completed this December, according to Hawwâs. Hawwâs added that November 4, 2022 will be the centenary of the discovery of Tutankhamun tomb, who is an important king Minister of Culture Înâs ‘Abd al-Dâyim said to the whole world not Egypt only. that celebrations of the solar phenomenon illuminating the face of Ramses II this year are Hawwâs stated that the DNA tests will very special. reveal a lot of information about the death of Tutankhamun and that he will announce to the In a phone call to “Manchette” program whole world in 2020 how the golden king broadcast on Extra News channel on Feb. 22, died. ‘Abd al-Dâyyim said the celebrations started in Aswân and concluded in Abû Simbil Temples, Hawwâs said in an interview with Italia 1 mentioning that there was a high turnout of Channel that the temporary exhibition of King visitors in all the celebrations and that the Tutankhamun currently on display at the increase in the number of international teams Grande Halle La Villette in Paris broke the participating in the celebrations reflect the records of turnout of the French cultural success of the festival. exhibitions. She explained that 13 countries and nine It is the most visited exhibition in France, Egyptian folklore bands from cultural palaces where the total number of registered visitors that have developed significantly are so far has reached 1.5 million, as recounted by participating in the ceremony. Hawwâs. Furthermore, the minister pointed out that In his interview with the Italian channel, celebrations at the temple have certain rituals, Hawwâs revealed a number of important facts and that many tourists enjoy the visual/audio about the family of the Golden Pharaoh, show and the artistic performance in front of announcing that his father is King Akhenaten the temple. ‘Abd al-Dâyyim added that night and that the mummy of his mother is located celebrations took place at the market. at tomb number 35 where the grandmother of Tutankhamun, , was buried. The ministry inaugurated Tushkâ Cultural Palace with a group of important activities that Hawwâs added that Tutankhamun was address the governorate and its people, suffering from lack of blood reaching the feet, according to the minister. flatfoot and malaria. (Angy Essam, “Hawwâs: Tutankhamun Opera will be displayed in BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 87

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The Temples Square, south of behind the walls of Tutankhamun’s tomb, Aswân witnessed the closing ceremony of the according to Nature. Eighth Aswân International Festival for Culture The survey, which has been published yet and Arts on Feb. 21. and only Nature has managed to get it, The festival comes on the sidelines of the indicates that the young Pharaoh’s burial celebrations of the solar phenomenon chamber hides a bigger tomb behind its illuminating on the face of Ramses II in Abû northern walls that might hide the tomb of his Simbil, in the presence of Minister of Culture stepmother, Nefertiti. ‘Abd al-Dâyyim, President of the General The research is led by an Egyptian mission Authority for Cultural Palaces Ahmad ‘Awad, a headed by former minister of antiquities number of executive officials in the Mamdûh al-Damâtî. Through a ground- governorate, and a number of foreign tourists penetrating radar (GPR), the mission scanned and Egyptian visitors. (Mustafa Marie, “13 the area behind the famous Tutankhamun’s countries celebrate sun illuminating Ramses II chamber in Luxor. face”, Egypt Today, February 23, 2020). - - They report, according to Nature, said that they have identified a previously unknown corridor-like space a few metres from the burial chamber. The mission’s results were submitted earlier this month to the Supreme Council of Antiquities, headed by Mustafa Wazîrî. Through the x-ray, the mission found a long rock corridor that is parallel in depth to Tutankhamun’s burial chamber. The corridor is located near the east, and appears in the scan La cour d’assises de Suhâg a condamné to be around 2 metres high and 10 metres Muhammad H., ouvrier âgé de 28 ans et al- long. Sayyid R., ouvrier de 25 ans à 7 ans de prison The report suspects that it might not be et à 500 000 livres égyptiennes d’amende linked to the young king’s tomb, and might be pour chacun. Ils ont entrepris des fouilles a part of another, undiscovered tomb in the archéologiques clandestines sous leur maison area. However, due to its location située à Akhmîm. (Ahmad Mar‘î, « Les perpendicular to Tutankhamun’s tomb, it is fouilleurs illicites poursuivent leurs forfaits », believed to be connected as unconnected al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 23 février 2020). tombs tend to be aligned at different angles. - - Examining the data of the report, Ray Johnson, an Egyptologist at the University of Chicago’s Oriental Institute in Luxor told Nature that it identifies “clearly [that] there is something on the other side of the north wall of the burial chamber.” The search for the royal queen’s tomb has been high and low for years, with no luck in finding an indicator to where she was buried. Centuries after her body was buried at Last October, veteran Egyptologist Zâhî what is still a secretive place, the mystery of Hawwâs revealed that an excavation mission is queen Nefertiti might come to an end, as a currently leading the biggest campaign since recent radar survey discovered evidence that 1921 when Edward Hawart discovered may lead to finding another burial chamber BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 88

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Tutankhamun’s tomb. He added that the 18 février ; Basant al-Sharqâwî, « La tombe mission has been working in the site since secrète de Néfertiti pourrait se trouver à December 2017. quelques pas de celle de Toutankhamon », al- Shurûq, 21 février). Back in 2015, when al-Damâtî was the antiquities minister, the British scientist - - Nicholas Reeves, a specialist in Egyptian history and material culture, was the first to Mardi 25 février 2020 come out stating his suspicions of having the tomb of Nefertiti hidden behind the wall of the young king. In a press conference, both announced the results of Reeves’s 18-month research, that came to believe that the iconic tomb of Tutankhamun might house extra rooms. The professor went on to add that his research even supports the possibility that the missing tomb of Queen Nefertiti might be enclosed in Pyramid of Djoser after restoration - ET one of the extra compartments. However, his The Ministry of Antiquities has completed suspicions were announced as inaccurate a the restoration project of the Pyramid of year later by Hawwâs, who assured that he Djoser and developed its surrounding area, came to find nothing in Tutankhamun’s tomb. within the framework of the ministry’s plan to Reeves’s findings include the fact that preserve and develop archaeological sites and Tutankhamun’s mask was initially made for a improve the services for visitors. queen, as the ears show significant piercing The Pyramid of Djoser is scheduled to marks, something that was never associated to open in the first week of March 2020, men in Ancient Egypt. according to sources at the ministry. He further supported his beliefs with evidence. While the tomb’s north wall showed evident cracks that suggest the existence of hidden doorways, the paintings covering that particular wall seems to be drawn later than the others, as it was painted on a white wall then concealed with yellow painting, unlike the other three walls that were initially yellow. “Plastid-over walls are often found in many tombs, especially in the Valley of the Kings,” Reeves added. “The tomb was made for a Secretary General of the Supreme Council queen; yet, the young king’s sudden death of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî inspected the changed the tomb’s primary plan.” (Nada pyramid and its surrounding area on Feb. 24. Deyaa’, “Is Nefertiti long-looked-for He explained that the Saqqâra Pyramid mysterious mummy buried next to Tut?” Daily restoration project is one of the most News Egypt, February 23, 2020. Voir important restoration projects implemented également Fâtima Shawqî, « Hawwâs : La by the ministry, as the Pyramid of Djoser is the prochaine découverte sera la momie de oldest stone building in the world. Néfertiti. Je n’ai pas encore perdu l’espoir », The restoration project included risk al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 3 février ; Muhammad ‘Izz al- reduction works. The internal and external Dîn, « Hawwâs : La découverte de la tombe de restoration of the pyramid included the Néfertiti bouleversera le monde », al-Watan, development of the paths leading to the

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Février 2020 pyramid and the internal corridors leading to Tourism and Antiquities Dâlyâ Khattâb the burial well, in addition to the restoration of explained that the process of developing the the stone sarcophagus, and the walls. region was carried out according to an integrated plan of action in cooperation with the private sector, with the aim of preserving the archaeological area and providing amenities and services to visitors.

Wazîrî said that the restoration project started in 2006 and came to a halt in 2011, before resuming again at the end of 2013. The outer facades of the pyramid, the buildings and stairs of the southern entrance and the The development plan also included eastern entrance were also restored. This is in providing informative panels to clarify the path addition to a thorough restoration and of the visit within the region, illustrative panels cleaning of all internal corridors of the explaining the history of the region and the pyramid, and the installation of the loose monuments in it, and providing uniforms for stones. cleaning workers and security personnel. (Mustafa Marie, “Restoration works of Pyramid of Djoser completed”, Egypt Today, February 25, 2020. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Achèvement de la restauration de la pyramide de Saqqâra et son inauguration dans quelque semaines », Sada al-Balad, 22 février ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et des Antiquités s’apprête à inaugurer le projet de restauration de la pyramide de Djoser », al-

Ahrâm, 23 février ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministère Pyramid of Djoser after restoration - ET du Tourisme et des Antiquités s’apprête à Assistant Minister for Investment and inaugurer la pyramide de Djoser », Watanî, 23 Financial Resources Development Îmân février ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Achèvement de la Zaydân said the work of developing the restauration de la pyramide de Djoser », al- Saqqâra Pyramid area included paving the Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 25 février). way from the gates of the archaeological area - - to the pyramid’s entrance to facilitate the Le ministère du Tourisme et de arrival of visitors in general and those with l’Archéologie a achevé aujourd’hui les travaux special needs in particular. de restauration et de développement des Supervisor of the Department of temples d’Abû Simbil, situés dans le Development of Archaeological Sites and gouvernorat d’Aswân. Museums in the Office of the Minister of

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al-Hawwârî, « L’aéroport de Louqsor déjoue une tentative d’exportation illicite de pièces archéologiques », al-Ahrâm, 25 février 2020). - -

Mercredi 26 février 2020

Le président de l’Administration centrale de Haute-Égypte, Muhammad ‘Abd al-Badî‘, a annoncé que les restaurateurs ont effectué un nettoyage mécanique et chimique des temples. Le centre des visiteurs a été doté de nouveaux écrans. L’éclairage des temples a été intégralement modernisé. Idem pour le système de sécurité et de télésurveillance. Le 1000 workers receiving extensive training in the GEM - ET nombre de toilettes a été augmenté. Les arbres ont été élagués et les mauvaises herbes Due to the heavy rains in Cairo this week, arrachées. (‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du rumours went viral on social media that the Tourisme et de l’Archéologie achève les Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) was flooded travaux de restauration des temples d’Abû with rain water. Simbil », al-Ahrâm, 25 février 2020. Voir General Supervisor of the Grand Egyptian également Amâl Raslân, « Le ministère du Museum and the surrounding area ‘Âtif Muftâh Tourisme et de l’Archéologie achève le confirmed that nothing within the GEM is left développement des temples d’Abû Simbil », for chance, stressing that everything is al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 25 février ; Mahmûd ‘Abd al- perfectly planned. Bâqî, « Le ministère du Tourisme achève les travaux de restauration des temples d’Abû Muftâh stated that over 1,000 employees Simbil », Vetogate, 25 février ; ‘Alâ’ al- at the GEM are being trained on mechanisms Minyâwî, « Achèvement des travaux de to deal with rains or fires. restauration et de développement des The general supervisor of the GEM temples d’Abû Simbil », Sada al-Balad, 26 revealed to the press that the training he, février). personally, provides to the employees depicts - - real-life scenarios inside and outside the museum, and ways to practically deal with such incidents.

Les douaniers de l’aéroport de Louqsor ont intercepté un voyageur étranger en 1000 workers receiving extensive training in the GEM - ET possession de cinq pièces archéologiques métalliques. La fouille de ses bagages a révélé Muftâh further explained that a real fire- la présence de trois poignards antiques. (Îmân fighting truck was used during the training, to

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Février 2020 make sure the vehicle can reach all areas of includes a rare mural of Queen Cleopatra and the museum in case a fire broke out. her son Caesarion. The museum’s supervisor denied all ‘Uthmân said he appreciated al-‘Inânî’s rumours that stated water accumulated in the efforts to push the temple’s development museum during the heavy rains that Egypt forward and place it on the tourism map again witnessed earlier this week, stating that the — particularly given how it would contribute museum is designed and equipped to deal to the return of the seven-night Nile cruise with bad weather conditions and any other between Aswân, Dandara, Abydos and Luxor. hazardous situation. (Mustafa Marie, “1k GEM The poor state of the agricultural road employees trained to combat fires, hazardous connecting the temple to Luxor was why most situations”, Egypt Today, February 26, 2020. tourist companies left the temple out of their Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Formation itineraries, ‘Uthmân said. lutte contre l’incendie pour 1 000 employés du GEM », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 25 février). He called for the western desert road to - - facilitate access to the temple following its restoration. ‘Uthmân further urged that the temple be part of promotion programs for Egyptian antiquities locally and abroad. (“Dandara Temple to open after restoration work”, Egypt Independent, February 26, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie annonce l’inauguration de la terrasse du temple de Dandara pour la première fois depuis 15 ans »,

al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 28 février). Tourism and Antiquities Minister Khâlid al- - - ‘Inânî will inaugurate the Dandara Temple in Qinâ governorate following the completion of Jeudi 27 février 2020 renovation work on Thursday. One of the most important tourist The first stage of development for the attractions in Aswân is Jebel Abû al-Hawâ area temple and its surrounding area covers on the west bank of the Nile. The height of roughly 40,000 square meters, with the temple that mountain is about 130 meters. having been transformed into an open museum in cooperation with France. The mountain includes carved graves of the nobles and priests of Aswân throughout Nine stone terraces were built to the left of different eras. It contains 85 cemeteries along the temple’s entrance gate, to display statues with 10 recently discovered cemeteries. and artifacts for the gods of love, beauty and motherhood uncovered over the past few The Ministry of Antiquities is studying the years. possibility of opening the area for visits. The head of the Tourism Marketing In the following lines, Egypt Today Committee in Luxor Governorate Muhammad presents a description of two of the newly ‘Uthmân emphasized that this development discovered cemeteries in the area. project would restore tourism flow to the Wasr Cemetery temple. In front of the cemetery there is an external Though it dates back 5,000 years, the patio. The façade of the tomb has no Dandara Temple still retains the splendor of its inscriptions except on a small threshold above colors and inscriptions, ‘Uthmân said, and BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 92

Février 2020 the door that depicts hieroglyphic inscriptions and remains of colours. The lower part of the lintel is destroyed and below it is the door to the cemetery. Below the door there is sandstone used to close the cemetery. In front of the cemetery, there is a small terrace made of stones and mud bricks on both sides of the entrance door. The entrance leads to a transverse hall. On the north and north-eastern walls of the hall, there are drawings of great beauty and vivid colours indicating the importance of the owner of the L’Arabie saoudite a offert à l’Égypte un cemetery. Although the inscriptions and fragment de la kiswa (étoffe qui recouvre la drawings are incomplete, they clearly illustrate Kaaba), afin d’être exposé dans le musée what art has reached in the era of the modern archéologique de la nouvelle capitale state. administrative. Ce don a été fait en présence du ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî et de l’ambassadeur d’Arabie saoudite au Caire, Usâma al-Naqlî. al-‘Inânî a déclaré que « c’est le premier cadeau d’une grande valeur, reçu par le musée de la capitale. C’est le plus merveilleux cadeau qu’un musée puisse recevoir ». Le ministre a formulé le souhait que d’autres pays

puissent suivre l’exemple de l’Arabie saoudite Amenhotep Cemetery et offrir au musée de la capitale ou à d’autres musées égyptiens des pièces archéologiques It is considered one of the largest tombs in symbolisant leur civilisation. (‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, the area, as the façade of the tomb is « L’Arabie saoudite offre à l’Égypte un approximately 12 meters. It has very fragment de la kiswa de la Kaaba pour être impressive and beautiful inscriptions depicting exposé dans le musée de la nouvelle capitale Amenhotep’s title and duties. administrative », Sada al-Balad, 27 février To the north, there is a brick wall. Above 2020. Voir également Ahmad ‘Uthmân, the tomb is another tomb "E" whose owner is « L’Arabie saoudite offre au musée de la unknown. The entrance to the cemetery is nouvelle capitale administrative un fragment rectangular, about 2 meters in length and de la kiswa de la Kaaba », al-Wafd, 27 février ; approximately 175 cm in wide. It contains MENA, « L’Arabie saoudite offre à l’Égypte un hieroglyphic inscriptions that are very fragment de la kiswa de la Kaaba pour être impressive and beautiful, indicating the exposé dans le musée de la nouvelle capitale accuracy and skill of the ancient Egyptian administrative », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 27 février ; artist. Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « L’Arabie saoudite offre à l’Égypte un fragment de la kiswa de la The entrance or passage of the cemetery Kaaba pour être exposé dans le musée de la leads to a door that leads to the remaining nouvelle capitale administrative », al-Shurûq, part of the cemetery. (Mustafa Marie, 28 février ; Fâdî Francis, « L’Arabie saoudite “Antiquities Ministry studies opening Qubbat offre à l’Égypte un fragment de la kiswa de la al-Hawâ for visits”, Egypt Today, February 27, Kaaba », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 28 février ; MENA, 2020). « L’Arabie saoudite offre à l’Égypte un - - fragment de la kiswa de la Kaaba pour être exposé dans le musée de la nouvelle capitale BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 93

Février 2020 administrative », al-Ahrâm, 28 février ; Amal Revenues from the museum will be equally Gamâl, « al-‘Inânî reçoit un fragment de la divided between the ministry and the kiswa de la Kaaba, cadeau de l’Arabie », company. Watanî, 28 février). - -

Samedi 29 février 2020

Hishâm Samîr, advisor to the minister of Antiquities on civil engineering, said the ministry’s requirements to secure the building

Photo courtesy of the Hurghada Museum Facebook page were being implemented through installing a state-of-the-art security system equipped with The Hurghada Museum was officially surveillance cameras and alarms. inaugurated by PM Mustafa Madbûlî and Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al- Private investors had provided the building ‘Inânî on Saturday. according to ministry requirements and offered to put on show the artefacts to This is Egypt’s first museum to be transform the building into an archaeological established in partnership with the private museum, Samîr said. sector. "It’s a leading experience in Egypt to link maritime and cultural tourism,” al-‘Inânî said, asserting that the ministry is to copy the experience in Sharm al-Shaykh museum, set to open in April.

“The Ministry of Antiquities will be the sole authority responsible for the management and security of the Hurghada Museum collection, He added that the government didn’t as well as anything related to antiquities, such shoulder any financial burdens in the as exhibition halls, and the maintenance and construction of the Hurghada Museum which restoration labs,” al-‘Inânî said, explaining that cost EGP 185 million and that were provided private investors will be responsible for by the partnering company. facilities and services. The company provided all the The decision of the ministry to operate the requirements the ministry requested such as new museum in partnership with the private the showcases, the security and lighting sector was taken with the aim of promoting systems, and the design of the museum’s hall. tourism in Hurghada, given the lack of public financial resources for the establishment of the BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 94

Février 2020 project. Many archaeological projects were The museum displays artefacts that put on hold in Egypt after 25 January 2011 embody the comfort of the house and due to high costs and incomplete construction furniture and cosmetics used by the ancient work. Egyptians such as hair accessories, wigs, creams, perfumes and jewellery. Sports, such as hunting and fishing, as well as musical instruments and scenes from dance and musical performances from the Pharaonic era to modern times are on show. A model showing how perfume was made and how ancient Egyptians decorated their tombs are exhibited. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt’s Hurghada Museum opens”, Ahram Online, February 29, 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « Le

ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie Samîr said the museum was a one-storey s’apprête à inaugurer le musée archéologique building designed according to the highest d’Hurghada entièrement financé par le secteur international standards, covering 3,000 sq. m privé », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 17 février ; to exhibit a collection of 1,791 artefacts Muhammad al-Sayyid, « Le secrétaire général brought from various storehouses in the Red du CSA révèle les derniers préparatifs de Sea area and beyond. l’inauguration du musée d’Hurghada », al- Masrî al-Yawm, 22 février ; Islâm ‘Abd al- Ma‘bûd, « Le musée d’Hurghada bénéficie d’un équipement ultramoderne », al-Shurûq, 23 février ; “Madbûlî to inaugurate Hurghada Museum on Feb.29”, Egypt Today, February 29 ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Le Premier ministre inaugure le musée d’Hurghada », Sada al- Balad, 29 février ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le Premier ministre inaugure le nouveau musée d’Hurghada », al-Ahrâm, 29 février ;

“Hurghada Museum opens to public with “Under the title ‘Beauty and Luxury’, the impressive collection”, Egyptian Streets, museum will have displays showing the beauty March 1st). and luxury of the ancient Egyptian civilisation through its different dynasties,” Mahmûd - - Mabrûk, advisor to the minister of Antiquities on exhibitions, said.

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Février 2020

Le Conseil Suprême des Antiquités (CSA) a commencé des travaux de restauration et de ré-érection de deux obélisques brisés et gisant sur le sol depuis leur découverte au XIXe siècle sur le site de Sân al-Hagar dans le gouvernorat d’al-Sharqiyya. Ces deux obélisques de Ramsès II en granit rose sont en bon état de conservation.

Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism placed 22 heavy artefacts on the grand staircase of the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM). The GEM is one of the most important cultural projects that the entire world is highly anticipating. The speedy completion of the museum's construction and archaeological works comes among the priorities of the Egyptian state. The state is doing everything it is capable of to meet the deadline previously set for the inauguration of the museum, which falls in the

last quarter of 2020. Cette intervention s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet de réaménagement lancé en 2017, afin de transformer Sân al-Hagar en un musée à ciel ouvert. Les travaux de réaménagement ont englobé 100 blocs de pierre, pesant plus de 20 tonnes et leur fixation sur des mastabas en pierre surélevés, afin de les isoler du sol et de les protéger contre les sels et l’humidité.

(Hishâm Shawqî, « Ré-érection de deux obélisques de Ramsès II pour la première fois General Supervisor of the GEM and the depuis le XIXe siècle », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 29 surrounding area ‘Âtif Muftâh previously said février 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, that the opening of the GEM will be in the last « Lancement des travaux de restauration de quarter of 2020, where all the work will have deux obélisques à Sân al-Hagar », al-Ahrâm, been completed by the first quarter of 2020. 28 février ; ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, « Réassemblage et ré-érection de deux obélisques à Sân al- Muftâh further explained that a museum Hagar », Sada al-Balad, 28 février ; Husâm with such details is like no other around the Zaydân, « Lancement des travaux de globe and consists architectural and restauration de deux obélisques à Sân al- archaeological structures, and very complex Hagar », al-Fagr, 28 février ; Mahmûd ‘Abd al- and interconnecting networks. Underneath the Bâqî, « Restauration de deux obélisques à Sân museum, there is a very complex web of al-Hagar », Vetogate, 28 février ; Amal Gamâl, networks, which was diligently installed using « Le CSA commence la restauration de deux the latest scientific methods. obélisques à Sân al-Hagar », Watanî, 28 The general supervisor noted that it has février). been discussed with a number of companies - - to link the Pyramid’s archaeological area with the inaugural ceremony of the GEM. A special

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Février 2020 walkway of up to 2 km in length and 0.5 km in Among the transferred artefacts a pink width will connect the museum to the Great granite statue of King Ramses II and a black Pyramids of Gîza. granite statue of King Thutmose III in addition to a naos for King Nectanebo and a box of quartzite for preserving canopic pots from the collection of King Thutmose III. Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities previously announced that about more than 90 percent of the GEM work was finalized. The inauguration of the GEM is one of the main Moreover, the Shooting Club is currently events that Egypt and the whole world is being evacuated. Some 50 percent of the waiting for in 2020. More than 49,603 artefacts evacuation process has been completed; the were moved to the Grand Egyptian Museum club will be fully evacuated by March. A stage so far. is being prepared to be installed in the club as part of the inaugural ceremony.

One of the most important transferred Coordination is taking place with the artefacts were the statues of King Ramses II, concerned authorities to link the Gîza Sekhmet and Seti, in addition to a huge pink- Plateau project and some important hotels granite portray of Ramses VI, and another to the site. Chairlifts will link 10 different areas distinguished set of statues that express the together. Negotiations are currently being mastery of ancient Egyptian art. held with pioneering international companies Also, a statue of King Khafra made of in preparation for the widely anticipated alabaster and a statue of the priest Kay made historical event. of coloured limestone, depicting the priest Over 1,000 employees at the GEM are sitting on a seat with a half backrest, beside being trained on mechanisms to deal with his left foot is a small statue of his wife and a rains or fires. sarcophagus of king Senusert I was transferred to GEM. (Angy Essam, “22 heavy artefacts Muftâh previously announced that the placed on GEM’s grand staircase”, Egypt museum has received a collection of 356 Today, February 29, 2020. Voir également artefacts from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, Mustafa Marie, “Latest developments of among which 57 artefacts from the treasures Grand Egyptian Museum”, Egypt Today, of the Golden King Tutankhamun. February 5 ; Mira Maged, “Opening of Grand Director General of the GEM for Antiquities Egyptian Museum will be biggest ceremony in affairs Dr. al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs, previously said Egypt’s history: Minister”, Egypt Independent, that the one of the most important of these February 27). artefacts is a statue of god Ptah, whose weights range between 5 and 6 tons, which will be displayed on the grand staircase within - - another distinguished group of royal statues.

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Février 2020

égyptien pour la restauration du pont Eiffel du zoo », al-Ahrâm, 29 février 2020. Voir également Nagham Hilâl, « Accord franco- égyptien pour la restauration du pont Eiffel du zoo », al-Wafd, 29 février ; ‘Izz al-Nûbî, « Accord franco-égyptien pour la restauration du pont Eiffel du zoo », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 29 février ; al-Sayyid ‘Alâ’, « Le ministre de l’Agriculture et l’ambassadeur de France

examinent la restauration du pont Eiffel du Le ministre de l’Agriculture, al-Sayyid al- zoo », al-Shurûq, 29 février). Qusayr, a annoncé la signature d’un accord entre l’Égypte et la France pour la restauration du pont métallique construit par Gustave Eiffel dans le jardin zoologique de Gîza, entre 1875 - et 1879. Accompagné de l’ambassadeur de France en Égypte, S.E.M. Stéphane Romatet, - - le ministre de l’Agriculture a effectué une - visite de ce pont suspendu, fermé depuis les années 90, considéré comme un important patrimoine. (Ahmad Hâmid, « Accord franco-

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III – MARS 2020

renforcer leur coopération en matière des Dimanche 1er mars 2020 nouvelles technologies.

Au cours de cet entretien, plusieurs

propositions furent discutées pour doter les La République arabe d’Égypte a éclairé les musées et les sites archéologiques de services façades de la citadelle de Saladin du Caire, les numériques, notamment la mise en place temples de Karnak à Louqsor et le temple de d’écrans intelligents pour diffuser des Philae à Aswân, avec la couleur rouge du contenus archéologiques, culturels et drapeau chinois, en signe de solidarité avec le publicitaires auprès des visiteurs. (‘Umar al- peuple chinois dans sa lutte contre le Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de coronavirus. (Usâma Fâyiz, « Le drapeau l’Archéologie reçoit le président de Samsung chinois orne certaines façades égyptiennes en Electronics Egypt », al-Ahrâm, 2 mars 2020. solidarité contre le coronavirus », Watanî, 1er Voir également « Le ministre du Tourisme mars 2020. Voir également MENA, « Les reçoit le président de Samsung Electronics façades des temples de Karnak et de Philae se Egypt », al-Watan, 2 mars ; Kâmilyâ ‘Atrîs, « al- parent des couleurs du drapeau chinois en ‘Inânî reçoit le président de Samsung », Ruz al- solidarité avec Pékin », al-Ahrâm, 1er mars). Yûsuf, 2 mars ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministre du - - Tourisme et de l’Archéologie reçoit le président de Samsung », Watanî, 2 mars). Lundi 2 mars 2020 - -

La Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités a Mercredi 4 mars 2020 mis en examen deux ouvriers en possession de 442 pièces antiques. Ils ont avoué que leur butin est le fruit de fouilles archéologiques illicites menées dans le secteur de Sân al- Hagar. (Ashraf ‘Imrân, « Saisie de 442 pièces archéologiques en possession de deux ouvriers à al-Sharqiyya », al-Ahrâm, 2 mars 2020). - - Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a reçu le Customs authorities working with the président de Samsung Electronics Egypt et la central administration of ports and délégation qui l’accompagnait, afin de

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Mars 2020 archaeological units have successfully thwarted an attempt to smuggle out genuine artefacts from Egypt among replicas in 16 packages.

The packages have been confiscated pending the finalization of investigations. (“Authorities foil attempt to smuggle Egyptian

artefacts among replicas”, Egypt Independent, March 4, 2020. Voir également According to the Secretary-General of the Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Saisie de 16 conteneurs Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa contenant des pièces antiques », Watanî, 2 Wazîrî, a supreme archaeological committee mars ; ‘Abd al-Rahmân ‘Alî, « Échec d’une was formed to investigate the packages, tentative d’exportation illicite de 21 pièces confirming upon examination that there were archéologiques », al-Ahrâm, 4 mars ; “Egypt legitimate pharaonic busts made of granite, thwarts attempt to smuggle artefacts in 16 basalt and limestone among other artefacts. parcels”, Daily News Egypt, March 4). - -

Jeudi 5 mars 2020

The serenity of the Saqqâra necropolis was disturbed today as the archaeological site was buzzing with people who flocked to attend the grand opening of Djoser’s Step Pyramid, the

first stone building in history and the oldest pyramid in the world. In a Monday statement, Wazîrî detailed how these artefacts date to different eras of Among the attendees were Prime Minister ancient Egypt, with busts of the god Amun, a Mustafa Madbûlî, Minister of Tourism and statue of King Ramses III, and the upper parts Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî and ‘Âsim al- of statues of Princess Meritamen and King Gazzâr, the minister of Housing. Ramses II. At the press conference following the Some of the artefacts feature artistic inauguration, Madbûlî said opening the Djoser individual features from the Middle Kingdom, Pyramid after restoration was an honour. “This and also include a fragment of a colourful project, along with other project in the field of royal state from the Amarna Period possibly archaeology, is one of the country’s mega retrieved from an illegal excavation. projects. Egypt is keen to preserve its unique heritage and it is on top of its priorities,” Other seized artefacts include huge Madbûlî said. quantities of archaeological beads, amulets made of faience and four pieces of Islamic-era “This is a meticulous medical surgery,” al- silver inlaid copper with floral motifs and ‘Inânî told Ahram Online, explaining that the Arabic calligraphy. restoration work that took 14 years has been carried out by skilful and efficient Egyptian

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Mars 2020 conservators with a budget of EGP 104 them to detach from each other, causing gaps million. to form. The primary objective was to stabilise the ceiling blocks (the area of initial collapse) in three stages. Loose ceiling blocks were reconnected by filling the gaps between them with lime mortar, a material similar in composition to the original mortar, to a depth of no less than 25 centimetres. Air stents were distributed in all hazardous locations to render the work area safe for workers.

Egyptian Prime Minister Mustafa Madbûlî (C) leaves after a press al-‘Inânî said the area around the pyramid conference in front of the step pyramid of Djoser in Egypt’s Saqqâra necropolis, south of the capital Cairo, on March 5, 2020. was developed. New placards with (AFP) information of the pyramid and its restoration (…) al-‘Inânî explained that the restoration work were installed. A visiting path was aimed at consolidating the pyramid and created and a slope was made for the removing the damages. Accumulated dust, disabled. A new lighting system was installed. sand, and stones containing damaging salts were removed from the surfaces of the terraces. Stone blocks that had loosened were restored, and gaps between the façade blocks were filled with the same archaeological material that had been used in the construction of the pyramid. Degraded stone blocks were treated using materials immediately after the removal of the soil covering them. The walls of the Photo courtesy of: egymonuments.gov.eg deteriorated underground passages were treated with injections and reinforced The burial chamber and its corridors were materials, or with careful restoration methods. restored. Rubble was completely removed and taken outside the pyramid, revealing a granite The southern entrance was prepared to sarcophagus and guaranteeing its structural serve as the main entrance into the pyramid stability. for visitors. After the rubble was removed, the sarcophagus was found to consist of 32 granite blocks, with sides measuring 3.47 × 5.35 metres, and a height of 4.73 metres. Its total weight is estimated at around 176 tons. The coffin was found resting on 18 limestone bases, all of which had collapsed, filling the burial chamber with rubble. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt’s Djoser Step Pyramid opens to visitors after 14 years of conservation works”, Ahram Online, March 5, 2020. Voir également Islâm Photo courtesy of: egymonuments.gov.eg ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Inauguration jeudi de la The stones in the collapsed area above the pyramide de Djoser à l’issue de sa central shaft were unstable and in a critical restauration », al-Shurûq, 3 mars ; Amâl state of structural equilibrium. Loss of mortar Raslân, « Inauguration officielle de la pyramide between the blocks had occurred, causing de Djoser après 14 ans de restauration », al- BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 101

Mars 2020

Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 5 mars ; Mira Maged, “Egypt’s oldest pyramid reopens to the public after LE104 million restoration”, Egypt Independent, March 5 ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inaugure aujourd’hui la pyramide de Djoser », al-Ahrâm, 5 mars ; Angy Essam, “Independent highlights Djoser Pyramid inauguration”, Egypt Today, March 7 ; Amal Gamâl, « La pyramide de Djoser accueille ses visiteurs après son inauguration officielle », Watanî, 7 mars ; “Djoser Pyramid Re-Opens to Public Quant aux pièces saisies, il s’agit de 11 After 14 Years of Renovation Work”, Egyptian statuettes en calcaire, une statuette d’une Streets, March 8). reine datant de l’époque pharaonique, 4 - - lampes à huile et 92 monnaies en bronze datant des époques grecque et romaine. Les La directrice générale du Musée Égyptien pièces archéologiques ont été saisies et les de Tahrîr, Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, a annoncé accusés déférés devant les autorités. (Nevine l’achèvement de 95 % des travaux de Mustafa, « Saisie de 108 pièces antiques en réaménagement du site général : le mur possession de 4 individus à Suhâg », al-Ahrâm, d’enceinte, le jardin muséologique, la 5 mars 2020). fontaine, les toilettes, les façades en marbre, ainsi que les trois portails extérieurs servant à - - l’entrée et à la sortie des visiteurs. Sachant que ces travaux de réaménagement ne gênent Vendredi 6 mars 2020 en rien la poursuite du travail à l’intérieur du musée ni le transfert hebdomadaire des pièces vers le Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM). De son côté, le président du Secteur des projets, Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ, a annoncé que les travaux restants englobent la peinture des façades extérieures du musée et la consolidation de l’enceinte en fer forgé. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Achèvement de 95 % des travaux de réaménagement du Musée Égyptien », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 5 mars 2020. Un visiteur égyptien a escaladé la pyramide Voir également Durriya Sharaf al-Dîn, de Chéops avant d’être rattrapé par les « L’avenir du Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr », al- policiers, forcé à descendre et emmené au Masrî al-Yawm, 4 mars). commissariat de Gîza. Rappelons que - - conformément aux récents amendements de la loi 117/1983, l’escalade des pyramides est La Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités un délit désormais passible d’au moins un an d’Asyût a arrêté quatre personnes en d’emprisonnement et/ou d’une amende possession de 108 pièces antiques. Il s’agit pouvant aller jusqu’à 100 000 livres de : égyptiennes. (‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Arrestation de — B. S., pêcheur, âgé de 55 ans ; l’escaladeur de la pyramide », al-Ahrâm, 6 mars 2020. Voir également ‘Alâ’ al-Minyâwî, — S. M., chômeur de 43 ans ; « Arrestation de l’escaladeur de la pyramide », — E. A., agriculteur de 40 ans ; Sada al-Balad, 6 mars ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Un — A. E., agriculteur de 22 ans. BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 102

Mars 2020 visiteur escalade la pyramide de Chéops avant al-Darb al-Ahmar », Watanî, 7 mars ; Ibrâhîm d’être arrêté », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 6 mars). Qurrâ‘a, « Une commission du ministère de - - l’Archéologie et du gouvernorat pour examiner l’incendie d’al-Darb al-Ahmar », al- Masrî al-Yawm, 7 mars ; « Une commission Samedi 7 mars 2020 diligentée pour faire l’inventaire des dégâts », al-Watan, 8 mars). - - Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a déclaré que le musée archéologique de Sharm al- Shaykh sera inauguré le 25 avril prochain. De son côté, le président du secteur des projets, Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ, a annoncé l’achèvement de

tous les travaux architecturaux du musée, ainsi Un incendie s’est déclaré hier dans des que l’installation de toutes les caméras de ateliers de fabrication de chaussures, situés vidéosurveillance. Après presque huit années dans la rue al-Tabâna à Bâb al-Wazîr, dans le d’interruption pour manque de ressources quartier d’al-Darb al-Ahmar. Les flammes se financières, les travaux du musée ont repris en sont propagées jusqu’au toit du kuttâb Yûsuf septembre 2018. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le Aghâ al-Habashî, jouxtant ces ateliers. ministère de l’Archéologie achève l’installation des caméras de surveillance dans le musée de Sharm al-Shaykh », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 7 mars 2020). - -

Dimanche 8 mars 2020

Le sabîl Yûsuf Aghâ al-Habashî a été fondé par Shams al-Dîn Sunqur al-Silihdâr et inauguré en 1277. Son importance réside dans le fait qu’il incarne l’évolution dans la construction des sabîls entre les époques mamelouke et ottomane. (Ahmad Ibrâhîm, « Le sabîl Yûsuf Aghâ al-Habashî victime d’un incendie », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 7 mars 2020. Voir également Husâm Zaydân, « Le toit en bois d’un sabîl victime d’un incendie à al-Darb al- Le guépard ne fait pas partie de la faune Ahmar », al-Fagr, 6 mars ; Islâm ‘Abd al- égyptienne. Pourtant, une mission Ma‘bûd, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie archéologique italienne travaillant à Aswân a dompte un incendie à Bâb al-Wazîr », al- publié récemment une photo numérique Shurûq, 6 mars ; Tal‘at al-Sanâdlî, « Le toit du représentant la tête d’un guépard, dessinée kuttâb Yûsuf Aghâ al-Habashî victime d’un sur un sarcophage en pierre. Ce mammifère incendie à al-Darb al-Ahmar », al-Ahrâm, 7 carnivore vise à donner au défunt la force mars ; Amal Gamâl, « Le toit en bois du kuttâb nécessaire pour son voyage vers l’au-delà. Yûsuf Aghâ al-Habashî victime d’un incendie à

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Lundi 9 mars 2020

Tourist activities are proceeding normally in Luxor on Monday, as thousands of visitors have flocked onto its different archaeological sites such as Luxor and Karnak Temples, Valleys of the Kings and Queens on Luxor’s West Bank as well as its museums. Dr. Mustafa Wazîrî, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities says that Les archéologues italiens affirment que le tourists are enjoying Egypt’s unique heritage guépard symbolise la force et la détermination in Luxor’s bright sunny weather asserting that dans l’Égypte ancienne. Selon l’encyclopédie the number of tourists is increasing. de l’Égypte ancienne (tome II, page 86) du Dr For example, the number of tourists who Silîm Hasan, le guépard fait partie des are visiting Karnak Temples has exceeded animaux sauvages dont le dessin fut trouvé à similar number at the same time last year. Maydûm durant l’époque prédynastique. Sa peau servait à confectionner notamment l’habit des prêtres dès l’Ancien Empire. (Muhammad ‘Abd al-Rahmân, « Les anciens Égyptiens connaissaient-ils le guépard ? », al- Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 8 mars 2020).

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It is worth mentioning that the Pharaonic Kibâsh Road is to become the longest gangway and open museum in the world. The renovation of the Pharaonic Kibâsh Road is considered a monumental moment for Luxor, as the project will bring the great road to life again.

Un jeune homme, fragile psychologiquement, s’est suicidé hier du haut de la pyramide de Chéphren. Durant douze heures, les policiers ont vainement tenté de l’en dissuader. Son cadavre a été transféré vers la morgue de Zinhum. (Muhammad al- Qammâsh, « Un jeune se suicide du haut de la pyramide de Chéphren », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 8 mars 2020. Voir également Hânî Barakât, « Un jeune se jette du haut de la pyramide de

Chéphren », al-Ahrâm, 8 mars). Its new design is set to change Luxor’s

position on the touristic map, as it will become - - the longest gangway and open museum in the world. It is expected that the new makeover of BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 104

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Kibâsh Road will attract tourists the world over Consultative studies and challenges facing and play a vital role in pushing the Egyptian the restoration project are to be presented to tourism forward. Kibâsh Road will be the permanent Committee of Islamic and reopened after its renovation. (“Tourists flocks Coptic antiquities, Mustafa said. onto different archaeological sites in Luxor”, The project aims to beautify the Heliopolis Egypt Today, March 9, 2020. Voir également district, ensuring sustainable preservation of Hishâm Shawqî, « Grande affluence touristique the antiquities there. à Louqsor », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 9 mars ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le projet de ressuscitation du Dromos Belgian engineer Baron Empain built the sur le point de s’achever », Watanî, 5 juin). palace as a gift to Sultan Husayn Kâmil. - - Following Kâmil’s death, the palace’s ownership transferred to the Heliopolis Company for Housing & Development which leased it to Husayn’s second wife Sultana Malak.

Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities The palace then became a school during has begun restoration work for the Sultana the 1960s, and was later recorded on the list Malak Palace in Heliopolis, the head of the of Islamic and Coptic Antiquities in 2000. Islamic, Coptic and Jewish Antiquities Sector (“Egypt begins restoring Sultana Malak Palace Gamâl Mustafa said Monday. in Heliopolis”, Egypt Independent, March 9, This comes as part of the ministry’s plans to 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, maintain and preserve Egypt’s historical « Premiers pas vers la restauration du palais de heritage. la sultana Malak à Héliopolis », al-Ahrâm, 9 mars ; Dînâ Sha‘bân, « Lancement du projet de restauration du palais de la sultana Malak à Héliopolis », al-Shurûq, 9 mars ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Projet de restauration du palais de la sultana Malak à Héliopolis », Watanî, 9 mars). - -

Mercredi 11 mars 2020

As part of preparations for a transfer of royal mummies between museums, the Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al- ‘Inânî, Minister of Higher Education and

Scientific Research Khâlid ‘Abd al-Ghaffâr, and the President of Hilwân University Mâgid Nigm inspected artwork by Hilwân University BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 105

Mars 2020 students along the roads where the royal Simon Boulevard Square, demonstrating mummies will be transported. responsibility towards their homeland.

To honour the students and the professors The mummies will be transferred in a who supervised their work, the statement said procession from the Egyptian Museum in that their names would be carved on stone Tahrîr Square to the National Museum of besides the murals. Egyptian Civilization in Fustât, Old Cairo, al-‘Inânî even granted them a free one-year according to an Antiquities Ministry statement entry permit to visit all archaeological areas on Wednesday. and museums. (“Ministers inspect student artwork along royal mummy procession route”, Egypt Independent, March 11, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Transfert des momies royales de Tahrîr vers le NMEC », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 5 mars).

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Twenty-two royal mummies, 18 kings and four queens, and 17 royal coffins dating back to the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th Dynasties will be transferred. These include the mummy of King Ramses II, King Sakan , King Tuthmosis III, King Seti I and Queen Hatshepsut, among others. The statement added that the murals were implemented on roadsides from the Simon Boulevard Square to the Italian embassy. The three officials listened to a detailed explanation from the participating students on Une étude a été récemment menée sur un the design of the murals. Artistically depicting coffre en bois, découvert sur le site d’al-Dayr the heritage of Egyptian civilization, the murals al-Baharî à Louqsor, contenant les restes d’un were shaded to resemble the inscriptions on pélican vieux de 3 500 ans. Le nom de ancient Egyptian antiquities, the statement Thoutmosis II, inscrit sur le coffre, indique qu’il said. s’agirait d’une tombe royale intacte, cachée à proximité. The two ministers praised the work and commended the students for beautifying the

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Vendredi 13 mars 2020

Le musée des Bijoux royaux en Alexandrie a annoncé la suspension de toutes ses activités, événements culturels et ateliers artistiques impliquant la présence de rassemblements. Cette fermeture sine die a été dictée en raison de la crise sanitaire et pour limiter la propagation de l’épidémie du

Covid-19, conformément aux directives du À l’intérieur du coffre, ont été trouvés Conseil des ministres. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le quelques paquets enveloppés dans du lin. musée des Bijoux royaux en Alexandrie L’un de ces paquets contenait un pélican, et suspend ses activités culturelles et artistiques un autre renfermait des œufs d’Ibis. à cause du coronavirus », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 13 mars 2020). - -

Dimanche 15 mars 2020

Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî embarked on an inspection tour in the

Pyramids of Gîza antiquities region. Le prof. Andrzej Niwiński, de l’Université de The tour was made by the minister to Varsovie, a précisé que ce coffre mesure 40 follow up on the removal of the rainwater that cm de long. Les raisons pour lesquelles un had accumulated in some places due to the pélican a été sacrifié ne sont pas encore bad weather. al-‘Inânî also inspected on March claires. Néanmoins, Niwiński espère découvrir 14 the Baron Empain Palace in Heliopolis and une tombe royale à proximité de cet endroit. al-Mu‘izz St. in Old Cairo. (Basant Gamîl, « Pourquoi un pélican a-t-il été The minister visited the area around the sacrifié sur le site d’al-Dayr al-Baharî ? », al- pyramid of Khafre as well as the panorama Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 11 mars 2020). area. He also inspected the first restaurant in - - the region, which is scheduled to open in late March, within the project to develop services Jeudi 12 mars 2020 in the Gîza Pyramids region. al-‘Inânî pointed out that all the entities of Le musée archéologique de Rosette a the country have joined hands to remove the annoncé la suspension de toutes ses activités, accumulated rain water, where over 70 trucks événements culturels et ateliers artistiques are currently being utilized to remove the impliquant la présence de rassemblements. accumulated water from the region. Cette fermeture sine die a été dictée en raison de la crise sanitaire et pour limiter la During his presence in the panorama propagation de l’épidémie du Covid-19, region, the minister met with a number of conformément aux directives du Conseil des tourist delegations from Taiwan, Spain and ministres. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le musée America, who were keen to take photos with archéologique de Rosette suspend ses the minister and express their great joy to be activités culturelles et artistiques à cause du in Egypt. (Mustafa Marie, “al-‘Inânî embarks coronavirus », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 12 mars 2020). on inspection tour to historical landmarks”, - - Egypt Today, March 15, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Inspection des sites BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 107

Mars 2020 archéologiques suite aux intempéries », al- know about the recently renovated historical Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 12 mars ; Hishâm Shawqî, « al- landmark in Cairo. ‘Inânî inspecte le palais Empain et la rue al- Baron Empain Palace is a historical Mu‘izz suite aux intempéries », al-Masrî al- landmark that is located in one of the most Yawm, 14 mars ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « al-‘Inânî prestigious districts in Cairo, Heliopolis. The inspecte la zone archéologique de Gîza suite palace has a design that is inspired by the aux intempéries », al-Ahrâm, 14 mars). Indian architecture. It was constructed by the - - Belgian millionaire Baron Edward Empain (September 20, 1852 - July 22, 1929). The palace will be officially opened for visits within the next upcoming days.

À l’occasion de la Journée mondiale de la trisomie 21 (ou syndrome de Down), le musée des Bijoux royaux en Alexandrie a organisé des célébrations artistiques. Le président du Secteur des musées, Mu’min ‘Uthmân, a précisé que les célébrations ont englobé des représentations théâtrales. Les conservateurs ont accompagné les enfants dans une tournée à l’intérieur du musée. (Muhammad al- Assistant Minister of Antiquities for Iskandarânî, « Le musée des Bijoux royaux Engineering Affairs and supervisor of the organise une célébration artistique pour les Historic Cairo Project Hishâm Samîr stated that handicapés », Sada al-Balad, 15 mars 2020. renovation works inside and outside the Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le musée palace is completed, using internationally des Bijoux royaux organise une célébration recognized scientific methods. The palace’s artistique pour les handicapés », al-Ahrâm, 15 renovation totalled up to a cost of L.E 100 mars ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le musée des million. Bijoux royaux organise une célébration Samîr further clarified that there are some artistique pour les handicapés », al-Shurûq, 15 works that have been added to the site, such mars ; Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Bâqî, « Le musée des as the completion of the fences and the Bijoux royaux organise une célébration development of the rear garden. Those works artistique pour les handicapés », Vetogate, 15 will be completed during the current month. mars). The exhibition inside the palace tells the - - history of the Heliopolis neighbourhood, through a variety of photos, archival Lundi 16 mars 2020 documents and illustrations, maps and special correspondence letters depicting the history Baron Empain Palace will be open for of Heliopolis district in different eras. visitors in a few days. In the following lines, Furthermore, the exhibition inside the Egypt Today shed light on all you need to palace also illustrates the different heritage

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Mars 2020 sites around the district of Heliopolis, in événements culturels et ateliers artistiques addition to a wide variety of photos, maps, impliquant la présence de rassemblements. documents and films that tell the history of Cette fermeture sine die a été dictée en raison Heliopolis, its style, appearances and lifestyle de la crise sanitaire et pour limiter la of that special time period. propagation de l’épidémie du Covid-19, conformément aux directives du Conseil des ministres. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le musée de Mallawî suspend ses activités culturelles et artistiques à cause du coronavirus », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 16 mars 2020). - -

The fee of the entry ticket is priced to be affordable to almost everyone, that being L.E 100 for foreign visitors, L.E 50 for foreign students, L.E 20 for Egyptians and L.E 10 for Egyptian students. All elderly Egyptian visitors (60+ years) will be exempted of the entry fee. Moreover, the restoration of the palace began under the supervision of the Engineering Authority of the Egyptian Armed Forces, where it started with the structural reinforcement of the palace’s ceilings, Le ministère du Tourisme et de restoration and finishing of the facades, l’Archéologie a achevé l’éclairage des façades cleaning and restoration of the decorative de la basilique de Notre-Dame, sise rue al- elements, completing the deficiencies of Ahrâm dans le quartier d’Héliopolis. L’adjoint doors and windows, cleaning and restoration au ministre de l’Archéologie pour les affaires of marble columns, wooden doors, metal architecturales, Hishâm Samîr, a précisé que windows and restored decorative iron l’éclairage de cette basilique coïncide avec windows on the main façades, in addition to l’inauguration imminente du projet de the restoration of the wall painting above the restauration du palais Empain. Tous les main entrance and the marble statues of the travaux ont été exécutés en coordination avec outer space. le Service architectural des Forces armées. Samîr noted that work has begun to raise the efficiency of the public site of the palace and the coordination of its garden. (Mustafa Marie, “Baron Empain Palace ready for visitors by end of March”, Egypt Today, March 16, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie achève la restauration du palais Empain », al-Yawm al- Sâbi‘, 9 mars). - - Le musée de Mallawî a annoncé la suspension de toutes ses activités,

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Cette basilique, modèle réduit de Sainte- Sophie de Constantinople, a été construite par le baron Empain. Malgré le décès de celui-ci en Belgique, il est enterré avec son fils, Jean, dans la crypte de cette basilique. (‘Umar al- Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie achève l’éclairage des façades de la basilique de Notre-Dame », al-Ahrâm, 16 mars 2020).

- - Les autorités policières d’Asyût ont arrêté quatre agriculteurs pour fouilles Mardi 17 mars 2020 archéologiques illicites. La perquisition de leurs domiciles a permis la saisie d’échelle en The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is bois, d’outils pour creuser et d’un revolver. working on preparing, packaging and Une suite judiciaire a été initiée. (Ashraf transporting artefacts from several locations to ‘Imrân, « 4 paysans mis en examen pour the Grand Egyptian Museum, which is fouilles illicites à Asyût », al-Ahrâm, 17 mars scheduled to be inaugurated at the last 2020). quarter of 2020. - - Îsa Zaydân, director general of the Executive Affairs for the Restoration and Mercredi 18 mars 2020 Transportation of Antiquities at the Grand Egyptian Museum, said that the bad weather The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities conditions that lasted for two whole days, did continues to transfer artefacts from the not affect the process of preparing and Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr to the Sharm al- packaging the artefacts to be transported Shaykh Museum, scheduled to officially open from the various archaeological sites across during the upcoming Sinai Liberation the country to the Grand Egyptian Museum. celebrations on April 25. Zaydân further stated that the Director General of the Egyptian Museum archaeological work did not stop inside the in Tahrîr Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq clarified that Grand Egyptian Museum, where lifting and transferring artefacts to the Grand Egyptian fixing the artefacts on the grand staircase Museum, Sharm al-Shaykh Museum and the resumed on Saturday. National Museum of Egyptian Civilization is In addition, Zaydân also noted that work ongoing using the latest scientific methods in inside the Grand Egyptian Museum starts from order to protect the artefacts from any 8 a.m. to midnight, and takes place under the damages. constant supervision and follow-up of Minister ‘Abd al-Râziq exposed that 300 artefacts of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî and have been transferred successfully to the General supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Sharm al-Shaykh Museum. Museum and the surrounding area ‘Âtif Muftâh. (Mustafa Marie, “Despite bad Head of the Central Department for weather, work resumes in GEM”, Egypt Today, Engineering Affairs, Antiquities and Museum March 17, 2020). Projects Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ stated that the civil protection equipment is yet to be installed in

the museum, while all development work has - - already been completed.

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Furthermore, Abû al-‘Ilâ noted that works in the museum has been resumed since September 2018, after a hiatus of about 8 years, precisely in the aftermath of the January 2011 revolution, due to the lack of the necessary funds. Advisor to the Minister of Antiquities for Museum Display Mahmûd Mabrûk mentioned in previous statements that the exhibition scenario in the Sharm al-Shaykh Museum will illustrate the daily life of the ancient Egyptian during the New Kingdom, where the D’une superficie d’environ 1 000 m2, cette displayed artefacts portray the civilized life the mosquée compte 99 colonnes. Commencé en ancient Egyptians were experiencing during 2008, les travaux de restauration ont été that era. interrompus plusieurs fois. (Hamdî Qâsim, « Après 12 ans de restauration, la mosquée al- Also, the museum’s display scenario Mahallî sera inaugurée en 2021 », al-Masrî al- illustrates the ancient Egyptian’s interest with Yawm, 18 mars 2020. Voir également Islâm the wildlife, revealing how the ancient Abû al-Wafâ, « Le gouverneur d’al-Buhayra Egyptians cared about animals, birds, reptiles inspecte les travaux de restauration de la and insects in terms of raising, sanctifying, mosquée al-Mahallî à Rosette », Watanî, 15 domesticating and treating them. (Mustafa mars ; Nasr al-Laqânî, « Le gouverneur d’al- Marie, “Sharm al-Shaykh museum receives 300 Buhayra inspecte les travaux de restauration artefacts”, Egypt Today, March 18, 2020. Voir de la mosquée al-Mahallî à Rosette », al-Wafd, également Ahmad Mansûr, « 300 pièces 18 mars ; Gamâlât al-Damanhûrî, « Le transférées du musée de Tahrîr vers le musée gouverneur d’al-Buhayra : Achèvement de la de Sharm al-Shaykh », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 18 restauration de la mosquée al-Mahallî à mars). Rosette l’année prochaine », Sada al-Balad, 18 mars). - - - -

Le ministre du Tourisme et de

l’Archéologie, Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a nommé Suhâ Le gouverneur d’al-Buhayra, major-général Bahgat au poste de porte-parole du ministère. Hishâm Âmna, a annoncé l’achèvement de (Hishâm Shawqî, « Suhâ Bahgat nommée 50 % des travaux de restauration de la porte-parole du ministère du Tourisme et des mosquée al-Mahallî, située à Rosette. À l’issue Antiquités », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 18 mars 2020. de ces travaux, estimés à 70 millions livres Voir également MENA, « al-‘Inânî nomme égyptiennes, la mosquée sera inaugurée en Suhâ Bahgat porte-parole du ministère du octobre 2021. Tourisme et des Antiquités », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 18 mars ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Suhâ Bahgat nommée porte-parole du ministère du BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 111

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Tourisme et des Antiquités », Sada al-Balad, reinstalling it at the Antiquities Museum in the 18 mars ; Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Bâqî, « Suhâ New Administrative Capital, al-‘Inânî said. Bahgat nommée porte-parole du ministère du They had also succeeded in transporting, Tourisme et des Antiquités », Vetogate, 18 restoring, and reassembling and re-erecting mars ; Amal Gamâl, « al-‘Inânî nomme Suhâ obelisks to decorate squares and other areas Bahgat porte-parole du ministère du Tourisme in Egypt. Ober the last 18 months, the SCA et des Antiquités », Watanî, 18 mars). had re-erected seven obelisks, including two - - in the Sân al-Hagar archaeological site in Zaqâzîq, two at the New Administrative Jeudi 19 mars 2020 Capital, one at New ‘Alamayn City, one in Cairo’s Tahrîr Square, and the last at the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) on the Pyramids Plateau in Gîza. The International Campaign that saved the Temples of Nubia during the construction of the Aswân High Dam in the 1960s is remembered as an unprecedented engineering achievement. In 1954, the decision to build the Aswân High Dam was

made, leading to the creation of a huge At the National Museum of Egyptian artificial lake covering the Upper Nile Valley Civilisation (NMEC) overlooking the ‘Ayn al- from Aswân in Egypt to the Dal Cataract in Sîra Lake in Fustât in Cairo this week, Minister Sudan. of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, Minister of Higher Education Khâlid ‘Abd al- The Safeguarding Campaign was launched Ghaffâr, and Ghaith Fariz, director of the by UNESCO to all its member states to help to UNESCO Regional Bureau for Science, along rescue the Nubia Temples threatened by the with more than 20 foreign ambassadors, building of the new High Dam. The appeal cultural attachés and heads of archaeological resulted in the excavation and recording of institutes in Egypt and Egyptologists met to hundreds of sites, the recovery of thousands celebrate the 40th anniversary of the of objects, and the salvage and re-location of completion of the International Safeguarding a number of important temples to higher Campaign to save and relocate the Nubia ground, the most famous of them being the Temples in March 1980. temple complexes of Abû Simbil and Philae. “This celebration marking the 40th The campaign ended as a complete and anniversary of the completion of the biggest spectacular success. On 10 March 1980, archaeological and international campaign in UNESCO announced that the International the history of the world and the history of Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia UNESCO highlights the strong partnership had been successfully completed. Overall, the between Egypt and UNESCO,” al-‘Inânî said project had cost more than $80 million, about during his speech at the event. half of which was paid for by Egypt. Egyptian archaeologists from the Supreme Egypt was also generous in the expression Council of Antiquities (SCA) had repeated the of its gratitude towards the countries that had experience of UNESCO’s rescue of the Abû lent a hand in saving the Nubian cultural Simbil Temples, as they had succeeded in heritage. Every nation that had provided transporting the beautifully tomb of a priest financial support received at least a sculpture named Tutu, discovered last year in a remote or other artefact as a gift. The four countries area in the Suhâg governorate, and that had been the biggest contributors — the United States, Spain, Holland, and Italy —

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Mars 2020 received the rescued Dendur, Debod, Taffa, Museum, after equipping and fixing the bases and Ellesiya Temples, respectively. (Nevine El- of all the heavy statues. Aref, “Celebrating the Nubia Temples”, Al- Some 87 statues of ancient Egyptian kings Ahram Weekly, March 19, 2020. Voir are set to be exhibited at the Great Staircase. également Amâl Raslân, « 40e anniversaire du This means that 51 artefacts are yet to be sauvetage des monuments nubiens avec la placed on the great staircase. collaboration de l’Unesco », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 mars ; Hishâm Shawqî, « al-‘Inânî : Le sauvetage des antiquités nubiennes est la campagne internationale la plus glorieuse pour le sauvetage du patrimoine culturel », al- Masrî al-Yawm, 10 mars ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « al- ‘Inânî : La campagne de l’Unesco pour le sauvetage des antiquités nubiennes est une immense réalisation culturelle », al-Ahrâm, 10 mars ; Amal Gamâl, « Célébration du 40e anniversaire du sauvetage des monuments nubiens », Watanî, 11 mars). - -

This process is carried out in cooperation with the Arab Contractors Company and

under the full supervision of the Grand Egyptian Museum’s specialists affiliated to the La compagnie Misr for Sound & Light, Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities as well as présidée par Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz, a under the careful follow-up of Minister of annoncé la suspension de tous ses spectacles Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, and son et lumière sur ses cinq sites : pyramides General Supervisor of the Grand Egyptian de Gîza, Karnak, Philae, Abû Simbil et Idfû. Museum ‘Âtif Muftâh. Cette suspension prend effet à partir de demain, vendredi 20 mars et ce jusqu’au General Director of Executive Affairs for mardi 31 mars. Cette fermeture est dictée en Restoration and Transportation of Antiquities raison de la crise sanitaire et pour limiter la at the Grand Egyptian Museum Îsa Zaydân propagation de l’épidémie du Covid-19, told the press that lifting and fixing the conformément aux directives du Premier antiques on the Great Staircase is carried out ministre, Dr Mustafa Madbûlî. (Hishâm Shawqî, in a sound scientific manner. « Suspension des spectacles son et lumière The Great Staircase of the Grand Egyptian jusqu’à fin mars pour empêcher la Museum will focus on four sections; the first propagation du coronavirus », al-Masrî al- section will focus on portraying how the Yawm, 19 mars 2020). King/God was sculptured during the ancient - - Egyptian Era. The sizes of the statues will be various, but all will be sculptured using the The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has three-dimensional effect. finished placing 36 heavy artefacts on the Great Staircase of the Grand Egyptian The second section will be portraying how the kings performed religious practices, and BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 113

Mars 2020 how they offered sacrifices to their gods, while The development work aims to create or the third section of will illustrate the upgrade tourist facilities and services along relationship between the kings and their gods, the path. using three- and four-dimensional sculptures. The Supreme Council of Antiquities has The fourth section will illustrate the process completed the restoration of all the that took place after the death of the kings, archaeological sites located on the Holy and how their bodies were reserved and Family path. mummified. The traditional path includes 25 points, The royal pyramids in Gîza will be visible starting from Arafat in North Sinai passing from a panoramic window in the upper part of through al-Farmâ in Mirth Por Said, to Sakhâ the Great Staircase to reflect the image of town in Kafr al-Shaykh, Tell Bastâ in al- eternal royalty. (Mustafa Marie, “36 heavy Sharqiyya, Sammanûd in al-Gharbiyya, to artefacts placed at GEM’s Great Staircase”, Wâdî al-Natrûn where the Paramos and St. Egypt Today, March 19, 2020). Macarius monasteries are located. - - It then moves to Bâb Zuwayla in Cairo, to Old Cairo where the Abû Sirga Church and Vendredi 20 mars 2020 Maadi church are located, then to Minyâ in Upper Egypt to Gabal al-Tayr church, then to Asyût, to the al-Maharaq Monastery, then to Drunka cave. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt allocates EGP 41 million to develop facilities along Holy Family’s path”, Ahram Online, March 20, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « 41 millions L.E. pour achever le réaménagement du parcours de la Sainte Famille », al-Masrî al- Yawm, 21 mars).

The path of the journey of The Holy Family to Egypt (Photo: - - Egyptian Tourism Authority) The Tourism Fund’s board has agreed to transfer EGP 41 million to the Ministry of Local Development to complete the development of the stops located on the Holy Family’s path in Egypt. This amount is a part of a larger budget of EGP 60 million allocated to the project by the fund. Nâdir al-Shâ’ir, secretary general of the Tourism Fund, explained that the development project will include three areas An awareness campaign to protect the on the path of the Holy Family: Old Cairo, the employees in the tourism sector, Egyptian and Maadi church and Wâdî al-Natrûn. foreign visitors to museums and archaeological sites all over the country, has The Tourism Development Authority has been launched by the Ministry of Tourism and put in place development requires because of Antiquities in coordination with the Ministry of the importance of this project to the tourism Health and Population. sector, which will increase the number of tourists to religious tourist destinations. This awareness campaign comes in light of the precautionary measures to counter the novel coronavirus. BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 114

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(“Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities launches awareness campaign to combat coronavirus”, Egypt Today, March 20, 2020). - -

Samedi 21 mars 2020

Îmân Zaydân, Assistant of the Minister of Tourism and Antiquities for Investment and Financial Resources Development, explained that according to the awareness campaign, a collection of 1000 posters, panels and brochures on the precautionary measures and safety instructions issued by the World Health Organization to fight against the virus were distributed among all employees of the ministry and others who are working in the tourism sector, and installed at the entrances of museums and archaeological sites. Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities posted Gloves, masks, and sanitizers were also a photo on its official Facebook page that distributed among the employees at the contains a message from the golden king ticket’s kiosks and security guards at the Gîza Tutankhamun’s, supporting people from all Plateau, the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, Salâh around the world who are facing coronavirus al-Dîn citadel and the Saqqâra necropolis as a and advising them to stay home. first phase. ‘‘For thousands of years I have seen it all, and I have learned that the sun always shines after the storm’’ sated the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities on behalf of the most famous ancient Egyptian king Tutankhamun. (Angy Essam, “Tutankhamun’s message: ‘The sun always shines after the storm’”, Egypt Today, March 21, 2020. Voir également Mahmûd al- Dusûqî, « Toutankhamon participe à la campagne de prévention contre le Covid-19 », al-Ahrâm, 24 mars). Other batches will be distributed among - - the rest of the sites and museums in succession. She pointed out that the Ministry’s administrative premises in Abbasiya, Gîza and Zamâlik areas were sterilized while surfaces and places in connection with visitors and public are cleaned and disinfected for several times during the day with approved sanitizers The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities on to ensure the safety of visitors and employees. Saturday announced that all museums and BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 115

Mars 2020 archaeological sites in Egypt will be closed phenomenon is called Equinox, meaning when from March 23 until March 31. the night and day become equal. A statement by the ministry said that this Hawwâs continued that the sun, after decision is part of precautionary and falling at sunset on the right side of the sphinx, preventive measures to counter the novel heads south, and during the summer it moves coronavirus. During this suspension period, to the north. the statement added that awareness sessions The veteran archaeologist emphasized that will be held for museum and sites workers on a more significant phenomenon, called ways to prevent and protect against the virus. Solstice, can be seen on June 21 and 22. It is Tourist attractions will be sterilized in when the sun sets directly between the cooperation with the Ministry of Health and Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu) and the pyramid of Population and in accordance with Chephren (Khafre). international standards. (“Egypt closes Hawwâs pointed out that the phenomenon museums and tourist sites, thousands of proves that archaeologists made a mistake tourists fly back”, Egypt Independent, March when they said that the ancient Egyptians 21, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, accidentally found an ancient rock and turned « Fermeture de tous les musées et sites it into a statue with a human face and an archéologiques jusqu’au 31 mars », al-Ahrâm, inhuman body. 21 mars ; Amal Gamâl, « Le secrétaire général du CSA annonce la fermeture de tous les He further explained that the phenomenon musées et sites archéologiques jusqu’au 31 proves that there is an astronomical and mars », Watanî, 21 mars ; Islâm ‘Abd al- religious reason for sculpting the statue of the Ma‘bûd, « Fermeture de tous les musées et Sphinx, which is the sun god, that rises and sites archéologiques jusqu’au 31 mars », al- sets between the horizons of the pyramids of Shurûq, 21 mars). Cheops and Chephren. - - This theory is unique and confirms the tremendous scientific superiority of the ancient Lundi 23 mars 2020 Egyptians. (Mustafa Marie, “Hawwâs: Sun setting on Sphinx’s shoulder proves superiority of ancient Egyptians”, Egypt Today, March 23, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Hawwâs : Phénomène astrologique exceptionnel aux pyramides », al-Masrî al- Yawm, 23 mars ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Phénomène astrologique exceptionnel sur l’épaule droite du Sphinx », al-Ahrâm, 23 mars ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Phénomène astrologique

exceptionnel aux pyramides », Watanî, 23 On March 22, the Pyramids’ archaeological mars ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le soleil se couche region witnessed a distinct astronomical sur l’épaule droite du Sphinx », al-Yawm al- phenomenon, as the sun set on the right Sâbi‘, 24 mars). shoulder of the Sphinx. - - Former Minister of Antiquities Zâhî Hawwâs The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is noted that the phenomenon occurs twice a working on completing the assembly and year over the course of four days, as the sun restoration of Ramses II statue, located on the sets on the right shoulder of the Sphinx, on west side of the first courtyard of the Luxor March 21 and 22, and September 21 and 22, Temple. that is, in spring and autumn. The

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The statue is 7 meters in height and weighs postponement”, Egypt Today, March 22, approximately 65 tons. It was initially 2020). scheduled to be unveiled on World Heritage - - Day on April 18. Will Coronavirus affect the set date? Mardi 24 mars 2020

Director of the Luxor Temple at the Ministry of Antiquities Ahmad ‘Urâbî stated to the press that the restoration and assembly of Ramses II statue is almost finished; however, General supervisor of the Grand Egyptian the scheduled date may be postponed Museum project and the surrounding area ‘Âtif because of the emerging coronavirus Muftâh said the museum’s health safety pandemic. measures to fight the new coronavirus are implemented with great thoroughness. “We are continuing with the restoration work that is 99 percent complete, to prepare Muftâh further affirmed that any violation in the statue for the opening date that was this regard will not be tolerated, as the health initially set on April 18, or the new date, of workers at the museum comes first. depending on the sudden change in plans,” The GEM’s general supervisor noted that stated ‘Urâbî. all workers are checked during their admission ‘Urâbî further stated to the press that the in the morning and when they leave in the restoration works are carried out using the evening without any exceptions, using the most recent scientific methods, and added laser thermometer. that the Luxor and Karnak temples underwent Muftâh pointed out that the daily routines several changes to be able to receive visitors of gathering the staff in the morning for the with special needs. attendance check was cancelled as it violates The work officially started on that façade the safety procedures. "No handshaking" and the statue in September 2019 upon the banners were also placed, as any physical approval of Minister of Tourism and contact of any kind is prohibited. Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, who decided to support the work of the Egyptian archaeological mission led by Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî. The remains and blocks of these statues were found during the period from 1958 to 1961 during the excavations held by legendary archaeologist Muhammad ‘Abd al-

Qâdir. (Mustafa Marie, “Due to COVID-19, unveiling restored Ramses II statue prone to The museum is sterilized daily, both internally and externally before the staff starts BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 117

Mars 2020 their work shifts. Work breaks are divided into Ray devices, tickets office, toilets, entrance to three periods to avoid gathering in high the entire archaeological area and the roads numbers. leading to it were all sterilized. This is in addition to sterilizing the wooden walkway in The sterilization process is once again front of the Great Pyramid, visitors’ seating completed after the work day is completed. areas and other places where humans stayed. Muftâh confirmed that Egypt, with all its Muhyî al-Dîn stressed that all workers entities working in full coordination, is received the tools of protection, including implementing a tight plan to control the virus, gloves, masks and disinfectants, and that the stressing that no complacency will be rest of the region is being sterilized. accepted. Muhyî al-Dîn explained that the number of GEM’s supervisor also described the workers in the area has been reduced, as part museum as the “Egyptian dream of the of the government’s instructions to limit future” and that work in the museum is carried gatherings to confront the emerging virus. The out in full swing professionally and downtime period will also be used to scientifically, putting the individuals’ health rehabilitate the area in terms of maintenance first. (Mustafa Marie, “GEM imposes daily and restoration in preparation for receiving strict safety measures on workers”, Egypt visitors after the virus is controlled. Today, March 24, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Désinfection quotidienne au Furthermore, the Ministry of Tourism and GEM contre le Covid-19 », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, Antiquities has cleared and sterilized its 23 mars ; Fâdî Francis, « Campagne de administrative buildings in ‘Abâsiyya, Gîza and désinfection au Musée Égyptien et dans les Zamâlik. zones archéologiques », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 23 Work is also underway to sterilize the mars). offices of the Tourism Promotion Authority in - - all governorates. The ministry is implementing the Mercredi 25 mars 2020 recommendations of the Ministry of Health and Population to clean surfaces and places periodically during the day to ensure the safety of visitors and workers, in addition to providing the employees who deal with the public with gloves, masks, and disinfectants.

The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities began the sterilization of the Pyramids’ region, to prevent the spread of the emerging coronavirus (Covid-19).

Director General of the Pyramids’ region This comes in conjunction with the Ashraf Muhyî al-Dîn said that sterilization was continuing work of the Hotel Establishments done in accordance with the international Chamber in coordination with the Ministry of standards and by using materials approved by Tourism and Antiquities and under the the Ministry of Health and Population, supervision of the Ministry of Health and pointing out that the visitors’ reception hall, X- Population to implement the procedures for BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 118

Mars 2020 disinfection and sterilization of hotels and tourist establishments of all kinds, as the disinfection and sterilization campaign started as a preliminary stage for hotels in Hurghada and in Makadi Bay in the Red Sea Governorate, moving in the upcoming week to the hotels located in Luxor. (Mustafa Marie, “Ministry: launches sterilization process in pyramids’ antiquities region”, Egypt Today, March 25, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Désinfection de la zone archéologique des pyramides et du Sphinx contre le Covid-19 », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 25 mars ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Prévention contre le Dans le gouvernorat de Minyâ, la coronavirus : le ministère du Tourisme désinfection s’est étendue à Zâwiya Sultân, au désinfecte les pyramides », al-Masrî al-Yawm, centre des visiteurs de Tell al-Amarna et à 25 mars ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du l’entrepôt muséologique d’al-Bahnasâ. Les Tourisme et des Antiquités désinfecte la zone interventions consistent à désinfecter les archéologique des pyramides », al-Ahrâm, 25 entrées et les sorties, les billetteries, les mars ; Amal Gamâl, « Le ministère du couloirs internes et externes, les Tourisme et des Antiquités désinfecte la zone bibliothèques, les bureaux administratifs et de archéologique des pyramides », Watanî, 25 sécurité, les lieux d’attentes des visiteurs. mars).

- -

Des masques, dans gants et des gels hydro-alcooliques ont été distribués à tout le Le ministère du Tourisme et des Antiquités personnel. (Amal Gamâl, « Désinfection des a entrepris la désinfection des musées et des musées et des sites archéologiques au Nord- sites archéologiques au Nord-Sinaï, dans le Sinaï et dans le Delta », Watanî, 25 mars 2020. Delta, en Haute-Égypte et au Caire. Le Voir également MENA, « La désinfection des président du Secteur des antiquités musées se poursuit pour lutter contre le égyptiennes, Dr Ayman al-‘Ashmâwî, a précisé coronavirus », al-Shurûq, 26 mars ; Hishâm que les mesures de désinfection englobent les Shawqî, « al-‘Inânî détaille les mesures de sites historiques et les centres administratifs désinfection des musées », al-Masrî al-Yawm, dont l’entrepôt muséologique du Nord-Sinaï, 30 mars). la zone archéologique de Marsa Matrûh, Tell - - Bastâ et Sân al-Hagar dans le gouvernorat d’al-Sharqiyya, la pyramide de Hawwâra au Jeudi 26 mars 2020 Fayyûm, Kom al-Nâdûra et les musées d’Alexandrie. Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, s’est réuni BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 119

Mars 2020 avec les membres du Conseil d’administration ont été prises pour les missions égyptiennes. du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM), afin En coopération avec les ministères de la Santé d’examiner l’avancement du projet à la et de l’Agriculture, toute la zone lumière de la crise sanitaire du coronavirus. Au archéologique de Louqsor, sur les deux rives cours de cette réunion, tenue jeudi après- est et ouest, a été désinfectée. (Shams Yûnis, midi, le Conseil d’administration a approuvé « Après la propagation du Covid-19, quel est une réduction de 50 % sur les tickets d’entrée le sort des fouilles archéologiques à des personnes âgées de plus de soixante ans. Louqsor ? », Sada al-Balad, 27 mars 2020). L’accès des handicapés sera gratuit à - - condition que leurs accompagnateurs payent un ticket plein tarif. Vu la taille du GEM, la Lundi 30 mars 2020 richesse de ses collections et le désir de certains visiteurs de prolonger leurs visites sur deux jours, un ticket valable deux jours successifs sera mis en place avec une réduction de 20 % sur le prix de deux tickets. Le Conseil d’administration du GEM a également décidé de fixer des horaires précises pour les visites scolaires gratuites, accordées aux écoles gouvernementales primaires et préparatoires.

Enfin, conformément aux directives du gouvernement en matière de lutte contre le In the morning of March 30, Minister of Covid-19, le Conseil d’administration du GEM Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî a décidé une réduction du nombre inspected the sterilization and disinfection d’employés travaillant sur le projet jusqu’au 8 works taking place at a hotel in Gîza. avril prochain. (Hishâm Shawqî, « Un ticket de al-‘Inânî further inspected the work of visite valable deux jours au GEM », al-Masrî al- clearing and sterilizing the area surrounding Yawm, 26 mars 2020. Voir également the Sphinx of the Great Pyramids of Gîza. This Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Nouvelles is a continuation of the application of réductions des tickets d’accès au GEM », Sada measures to prevent and protect from the al-Balad, 26 mars ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « al-‘Inânî emerging coronavirus. se réuni avec les membres du Conseil (…) Furthermore, al-‘Inânî then headed to d’administration du GEM pour examiner the Gîza Archaeological Area to resume the l’avancement du projet », al-Ahrâm, 26 mars). sterilization and disinfection work in the area, - - where the area surrounding the Sphinx and Khafre Pyramid are being sterilized. Vendredi 27 mars 2020 It is worth noting that the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is carrying out Un responsable de la zone archéologique extensive disinfection and sterilization works de Louqsor a annoncé la suspension des covering all museums and archaeological sites activités de toutes les missions archéologiques in the Arab Republic of Egypt. (Mustafa Marie, étrangères et égyptiennes travaillant à “Egyptian Ministry of Tourism, Antiquities Louqsor. Cette suspension est dictée par les resume extensive sterilization works”, Egypt mesures prises pour lutter contre le Today, March 30, 2020. Voir également coronavirus. Dès l’annonce de la suspension “Egypt sterilizes Gîza Pyramids site in bid to des liaisons aériennes, tous les États ont fight spread of coronavirus”, Egypt procédé au rapatriement de leurs équipes Independent, March 25). opérant à Louqsor. Les mêmes dispositions

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- - Pharaonic, Roman and Greek eras were found in his possession. Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie a annoncé la poursuite de la The seizures were presented to the Minyâ fermeture des musées et des sites Antiquities Inspectors, and are now subject to archéologiques sur tout le territoire jusqu’au the provisions of the Antiquities Protection 15 avril 2020. Cette mesure concerne Law. également tous les restaurants, les night-clubs The defendant confessed in the et les piscines dans tous les hôtels. investigations that he possessed the seized Au cours de cette période, la désinfection items for the purpose of trafficking and that he de tous les musées, les hôtels et les sites got them through excavations carried out in archéologiques se poursuivra. (Hishâm his residence. Legal action was then taken. Shawqî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de This comes within the framework of the l’Archéologie décide la fermeture des musées efforts of the Ministry of Interior to combat jusqu’au 15 avril », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 30 mars crime in all its forms, especially combating 2020. Voir également Muhammad al- crimes of possession of antiquities, illegal Iskandarânî, « Poursuite de la fermeture des drilling and excavation. (Mustafa Marie, musées et des sites archéologiques jusqu’au “Antiquities smuggling deal thwarted in 15 avril », Sada al-Balad, 30 mars ; Islâm ‘Abd Minyâ”, Egypt Today, March 30, 2020. Voir al-Ma‘bûd, « Poursuite de la fermeture des également Ashraf ‘Imrân, « Saisie de 113 musées et des sites archéologiques jusqu’au pièces archéologiques en possession d’un 15 avril », al-Shurûq, 30 mars ; « Prorogation individu à Minyâ », al-Ahrâm, 30 mars). de la fermeture des musées, des sites archéologiques et des restaurants jusqu’au 15 - - avril », al-Watan, 30 mars ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Poursuite de la fermeture des musées et des sites archéologiques en Égypte pour lutter contre le coronavirus», al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 30 mars ; Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Bâqî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie proroge la fermeture des musées et des sites archéologiques jusqu’au 15 avril », Vetogate, 30 mars). - - The security services in Minyâ Governorate arrested a person in Mallawî with 113 artefacts in his possession with the purpose of illegal trafficking.

Information and investigations of the Le ministère du Tourisme et de Criminal Investigation Department at the l’Archéologie a éclairé la pyramide de Chéops Minyâ Police Directorate, in coordination with avec des inscriptions en arabe et en anglais : the Public Security Sector, confirmed that a « Restez à la maison », « Protégez-vous », person, residing in Mallawî, Minyâ, had « Merci pour ceux qui nous protègent ». Il acquired some artefacts for the purpose of s’agit d’un message de prudence, adressé au trafficking. peuple égyptien et à tous les pays du monde. Upon completing the legal procedures, the Il s’agit également d’un remerciement au defendant was targeted by a police force personnel médical pour son abnégation et les headed by the public security sector. The risques qu’il assume pour lutter contre le defendant was found in his residence and 113 Covid-19. (‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du artefacts and coins dating back to the Tourisme et de l’Archéologie illumine la

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Mars 2020 pyramide de Chéops pour inciter les Pyramid of Gîza lit up with coronavirus Égyptiens à ne pas sortir », al-Ahrâm, 30 mars messages”, Egypt Today, March 31). 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie illumine la pyramide de Chéops pour inciter - les Égyptiens à rester à la maison », al-Yawm - - al-Sâbi‘, 30 mars ; Angy Essam, “Great -

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IV – AVRIL 2020

Mercredi 1er avril 2020 Dr ‘Abd al-Ghaffâr Wagdî travaille au ministère de l’Archéologie depuis 1998. Il a supervisé de nombreuses fouilles scientifiques, dirigé plusieurs missions archéologiques et publié des articles et des ouvrages scientifiques. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le CSA édite un ouvrage en allemand sur l’histoire de la nécropole saïte d’Héliopolis », al-Yawm al- Sâbi‘, 1er avril 2020). - - The government report submitted by Planning Minister Hâla al-Sa‘îd to the House of Representatives confirmed the completion of 6,265 projects in various sectors at a cost of about L.E 466 billion. The aforementioned amount includes L.E 264 million allocated to the antiquities sector to implement 17 projects.

In this regard, Egypt Today reviews the Le Département de la publication most prominent projects implemented in the scientifique du Conseil Suprême des antiquities sector as stated in the Antiquités (CSA) a édité un nouvel ouvrage en government’s report “Harvesting the langue allemande intitulé « Die saitische construction phase for the fiscal year Nekropole in Heliopolis » et consacré à la 2018/2019”: nécropole saïte d’Héliopolis. L’auteur de cet — Officially launched museums: 1 ouvrage, Dr ‘Abd al-Ghaffâr Wagdî, revient sur l’importance de l’époque saïte, à travers les — Archaeological discoveries made: 73 découvertes archéologiques réalisées jusqu’à — Completed antiquities restoration présent dans la nécropole d’Héliopolis qui projects: 11 regroupe cinq secteurs : ‘Ayn Shams Nord, — Number of archaeological discoveries in ‘Ayn Shams Sud, al-Matariyya, Hilmiyat al- Sinai: 10 Zaytûn et Héliopolis. — Number of artefacts transferred to the L’ouvrage présente les résultats des fouilles de sauvetage menées par le CSA, soit près de Grand Egyptian Museum: 4,500 29 tombes, en plus de différentes pièces The government’s report comes as one of archéologiques : sarcophages, stèles, the outputs of the national monitoring and statuaire, vases canopes, amulettes, etc. evaluation system that was launched during L’auteur analyse également les éléments the same year as the first electronic tool in architecturaux, les inscriptions et fournit une Egypt to measure the performance of the liste des noms et des titulatures mentionnés à country’s administrative apparatus. Héliopolis à l’époque saïte. Through more than 2,800 indicators to measure the performance, the Egyptian BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 123

Avril 2020 government is able to monitor, follow up and archéologiques », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 2 avril evaluate the performance of all state agencies 2020). to address shortcomings by conducting urgent - - intervention, and by ensuring an efficient allocation of resources. Vendredi 3 avril 2020 This has proven to be a practical basis that stimulates government and institutional advancement. (Mustafa Marie, “Achievements of Antiquities’ Sector in 2018/2019”, Egypt Today, April 1st, 2020). - - Le Conseil d’administration du CSA, présidé par le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a décidé une exonération de loyers de tous les bazars et les Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, cafétérias situés dans les musées et les sites in cooperation with its partners from scientific archéologiques, jusqu’à la fin de la pandémie and archaeological institutes launches a de Covid-19 et le retour du flux touristique. service to visit some of the archaeological sites Cette décision s’inscrit dans le cadre des through the official pages of the Ministry on efforts déployés par le ministère du Tourisme the Internet and social media by publishing a et de l’Archéologie en vue d’atténuer l’impact number of virtual visits to them or an économique dû au coronavirus. (« Le CSA : explanation of some museums provided by a exonération de loyers de tous les bazars et les number of Egyptian tour guides. cafétérias situés dans les musées et les sites archéologiques », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 1er avril The slogans of these visits will be: 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « al- Experience Egypt from Home ‘Inânî décide l’exonération de loyers de tous Stay Home les bazars et les cafétérias loués par le CSA », al-Ahrâm, 1er avril ; Amal Gamâl, « Exonération Stay Safe de loyers de tous les bazars et les cafétérias This comes within the framework of the loués par le CSA jusqu’au retour du efforts of the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and tourisme », Watanî, 1er avril). Antiquities to introduce some archaeological - - sites and museums to people from all around the world, to enjoy watching the ancient Jeudi 2 avril 2020 Egyptian civilization during their time in the homes within the precautionary and L’archéologue Zâhî Hawwâs a annoncé preventive measures of COVID-19 disease. qu’il était sur la piste de découvertes On April 3, Egyptian Ministry of Tourism archéologiques importantes dans la vallée des and Antiquities in cooperation with the Rois. « Près de 300 ouvriers sont actuellement American Research Center in Egypt, is engagés dans ces découvertes que je ne peux launching the first virtual visits to the Menna pas suspendre, car il s’agit de leur gagne-pain. tomb, which is one of the most beautiful Toutefois, nous sommes en mesure de tombs of the nobles in the western mainland sécuriser tous ces travailleurs et espérons in Luxor, which dates back to the Eighteenth découvrir le plus tôt possible la tombe de Dynasty. Néfertiti. Parallèlement, nous menons des fouilles à Saqqâra à la recherche de la tombe The Tomb of Menna (TT69) is one of the d’Imhotep », a précisé Hawwâs. (Minna Khalaf, most visited and well preserved of the small « Hawwâs : Je ne suspendrai pas les fouilles 18th Dynasty elite tombs in the Theban BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 124

Avril 2020 necropolis, yet it was previously never The second phase joined high-resolution systematically recorded or fully documented. digital images with an extensive net of measured points taken inside of the tomb to create an exact plan of the mural and ceiling decoration. Archaeometry, including XRF, RAMAN spectrometry, and colorimetry, was done in the third phase to aid conservators and art historians in their analysis of the tomb.

These state-of-the-art portable techniques The multiple visits to the tomb over a long non-invasively documented the physical and period of time and deteriorating chemical properties of the painting and its environmental conditions had negatively substrate. affected the painted interior of the tomb. Conservation comprised the fourth phase, Menna was a ‘Scribe in the fields of the and included stabilization, intervention, and Lord of the Two Lands of Upper and Lower the final presentation of the painted wall Egypt’ during Dynasty XVIII, and his job was decoration. probably to document the records of land The tomb was given a new wooden floor ownership. His wife’s name was Henuttawi, a and rail system, LED lighting and a bilingual Chantress of Amun. information panel in Arabic and English. (Angy Essam, “Egypt organizes virtual visits to unique archaeological sites”, Egypt Today, April 3, 2020. Voir également « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie lance la visite virtuelle de la tombe de Menna », al-Masrî al- Yawm, 3 avril ; “Six Historical Egyptian Monuments and Sites You Can Visit Virtually”, Egyptian Streets, April 19). - -

Dated on architectural and stylistic grounds, the reigning king is usually assumed to be Tuthmose IV or Amenhotep III, although there is no mention of the king’s name in the tomb. The Tomb of Menna Project, headed by Melinda Hartwig from Georgia State University started in 2006 with a feasibility study recording the existing conditions in the tomb chapel. Le directeur de la restauration de la An action plan was set for documentation, deuxième barque de Chéops, Dr Îsa Zaydân, a conservation, protection, and publication of annoncé la poursuite des travaux de the chapel. restauration dans le respect des recommandations édictées par le From 2007-2009, four major phases were gouvernement égyptien en matière de lutte undertaken. In the first phase, the tomb and contre la propagation du Covid-19. its environs were surveyed to create the first exact plan of the chapel and its surroundings. BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 125

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around the world to enjoy the ancient Egyptian civilization during their home confinement, within the precautionary measures taken to fight Covid-19. The ministry will post on its official website and social media platforms and Experience Egypt, the tomb of Queen Meresankh III who was the granddaughter of King Khufu, builder of the Great Pyramid of Gîza, and wife of either Khafre or Menkaure. Her unique underground chapel labelled (G 7530-40) preserves beautifully carved and painted scenes of the queen and her royal family, as well as servants, artisans, and funerary priests. (Angy Essam, “Egypt organizes a virtual visit to the tomb of King Khufu’s granddaughter”, Egypt Today, April 4, 2020. Voir également MENA, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie lance une visite virtuelle de la tombe de la petite-fille de Chéops », al- Le travail quotidien s’effectue dans le Shurûq, 4 avril ; Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt’s respect des consignes de sécurité, du port de Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities launching l’équipement de protection et de la second virtual tour on Saturday”, Ahram désinfection du site. Toutes les pièces en bois Online, April 4; “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism seront extraites vers la mi-2020. (Ahmad and Antiquities Launches Virtual Tours on Mansûr, « Le projet de la deuxième barque de Social Media Amid Coronavirus Lockdown”, Chéops en temps du coronavirus », al-Yawm Egyptian Streets, April 4). al-Sâbi‘, 3 avril 2020). - - - -

Samedi 4 avril 2020

Egyptian mummy which is nearly 3,000 years old named Ta-Kr-Hb. Scottish conservators discovered paintings inside the coffin of an Egyptian mummy which

The tomb of Queen Meresankh III is nearly 3,000 years old named Ta-Kr-Hb pronounced ‘takerheb’. Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities will launch on April 4, at 7:00 pm its second virtual The Egyptian mummy who believed to be tour within the initiative the ministry launched a priestess or princess from Thebes was lifted yesterday in collaboration with its partners out of her coffin for the first time in more than from scientific and archaeological institutions. 100 years. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities’ Scottish conservators made the discovery initiative is tailor made to help people from all during work to conserve the Egyptian mummy.

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Further research will be performed pertaining to the paintings to know more about the history of the Egyptian mummy, which most probably date from somewhere between 760 and 525 BC. The painting on the interior base of the coffin trough was previously hidden by Ta-Kr- Hb and is the best preserved of the two.

It shows Amentet in profile, looking right Conservators found painted figures of an and wearing her typical red dress. Her arms Egyptian goddess on the internal and external are slightly outstretched and she is standing bases of Ta-Kr-Hb’s coffin. on a platform, indicating the depiction is of a holy statue or processional figure. Usually, the The figures of both the internal and platform is supported by a pole or column and external bases of the coffin are one of these can be seen on the underside of representations of the Egyptian goddess the coffin trough. Amentet or Imentet, known as the ‘She of the West’ or ‘Lady of the West’. Ta-Kr-Hb was found in fragile status after being targeted by tomb looters throughout ‘‘It was a great surprise to see these history. paintings appear. We had never had a reason to lift the whole thing so high that we could The mummy was donated to Perth see the underneath of the trough and had Museum by the Alloa Society of Natural never lifted the mummy out before and didn’t Science and Archaeology in 1936. expect to see anything there’’ Dr Mark Hall, In 2013, Ta-Kr-Hb was transferred to collections officer at Perth Museum and Art Manchester Royal Children’s Hospital and Gallery, told the PA news agency. performed a CT scan and X-rays of her coffin. Radiographic examinations showed that her skeleton had suffered extensive damage to the chest and pelvis, sometime after the body had been mummified, according to SCBP Perth. While the skull remains intact, radiography revealed that as part of the mummification process the brain mass was removed through the sinuses. “The key thing we wanted to achieve was to stabilise the body so it didn’t deteriorate any more so it has been rewrapped and then we wanted to stabilise the trough and upper part of the coffin which we’ve done,” said Dr Hall. (Angy Essam, “Scottish conservators

discover Paintings inside the coffin of a 3,000- year-old Egyptian mummy”, Egypt Today, April 4, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Découverte en Écosse de peintures à l’intérieur du cercueil d’une momie égyptienne vieille de 3 000 ans », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 4 avril).

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- - Monastery, in Suhâg. The tour is set to take place on April 5 at 7 p.m. Dimanche 5 avril 2020 The virtual tour will be posted on the ministry’s official website and social media platforms and "Experience Egypt."

Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî was keen to send a message to the Egyptian people and people from all around the world, calling them to stay home, to protect their health and the health and safety of their families and loved ones. Furthermore, al-‘Inânî called Egyptians and everyone around the world to adhere to the health, safety and preventative measures The Red Monastery is considered one of approved by the World Health Organization the most important monasteries established (WHO), hoping to overcome this ordeal during Christianity’s early history. It is located quickly and eliminate the spread of COVID-19. 21 kilometres west of Suhâg. (Angy Essam, rd The Minister added that, while all the “Egypt organises 3 virtual tour for the Red Egyptians are staying at home and following Monastery in Suhâg on April 5”, Egypt Today, health and safety instructions, the Ministry of April 5, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, Tourism and Antiquities regularly cleans and « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie sterilizes archaeological sites and museums in vous convie à une visite virtuelle d’al-Dayr al- Egypt. Ahmar », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 5 avril ; Nevine El- Aref, “Red Monastery in Suhâg is today’s The ministry also monitors the procedures tourism and antiquities ministry virtual tour”, for sterilizing touristic establishments and Ahram Online, April 5; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le hotels in preparation for receiving visitors and ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie tourists as soon as this global crisis is over and lance une visite virtuelle d’al-Dayr al-Ahmar à the tourism movement returns back. Suhâg », al-Ahrâm, 5 avril ; Muhammad al- al-‘Inânî also wished the fast recovery, Iskandarânî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de safety and health for the Egyptian people and l’Archéologie lance une visite virtuelle d’al- the people of all nations worldwide. (Mustafa Dayr al-Ahmar », Sada al-Balad, 5 avril ; Islâm Marie, “Egypt sends reassurance message to ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le ministère du Tourisme et all the world’s nations”, Egypt Today, April 5, de l’Archéologie autorise la visite virtuelle d’al- 2020. Voir également Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, Dayr al-Ahmar », al-Shurûq, 5 avril ; Sanâ’ « al-‘Inânî adresse un message aux différents Fârûq, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de pays », al-Shurûq, 5 avril). l’Archéologie lance une visite virtuelle d’al- - - Dayr al-Ahmar », Watanî, 5 avril ; “Six Historical Egyptian Monuments and Sites You The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Can Visit Virtually”, Egyptian Streets, April 19 ; organised the third virtual tour for the Bassant Mohammed, “Suhâg’s Red Monastery distinguished Coptic monument, the Red BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 128

Avril 2020 brings ancient history to life with This tour comes within the initiative the magnificence”, Daily News Egypt, May 2). ministry launched in collaboration with its - - partners from the scientific and archaeological institutions, to enable people worldwide to Renowned Egyptian archaeologist Zâhî enjoy the ancient civilization during their home Hawwâs praised the website launched by the confinement imposed within the precautionary Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities measures to fight coronavirus (COVID-19). through which users can visit the ancient tombs from home. “The idea is great, and is Egypt’s gift to the world,” commented Hawwâs. Hawwâs further stated that in light of the quarantine imposed by the state due to the COVID-19 pandemic, anyone can visit the historical landmarks of Luxor, Aswân and the various archaeological sites around Egypt through the newly launched website. He stressed that these sites will gain unparalleled global viewership. The veteran archaeologist pointed out that The madrasa and khanqa of Sultan Barqûq several committee members from the Ministry are located on al-Mu‘izz Street and is known as of Antiquities refused to launch this initiative the Zahiriya School. King Zâhir Abû Sa’id while he was serving in the ministry. However, Barqûq ordered its construction, which began the current conditions the world is going in 786 AH / 1384 AD. Its inauguration took through have allowed the launch of the place two years later, in 788 AH / 1386 AD. website, which will help promote Egyptian This madrasa lies in the middle of one of the tourism. world’s largest architectural heritage complexes. (Angy Essam, “Egypt organises 4th It is worth noting that the Ministry of virtual tour for Sultan Barqûq area in al-Mu‘izz Tourism and Antiquities has launched a site for Street on Apr. 6”, Egypt Today, April 6, 2020. the public through which they can visit the Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère ancient tombs from the comforts of their de l’Archéologie organise aujourd’hui une home. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities visite virtuelle de la rue al-Mu‘izz », al-Ahrâm, also closed its museums to prevent 6 avril ; Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt’s Ministry of gatherings. (Mustafa Marie, “Hawwâs: New Tourism and Antiquities launching fourth antiquities’ website is Egypt’s gift to the virtual tour on Monday”, Ahram Online, April world”, Egypt Today, April 5, 2020). 6; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Vivez - - l’aventure à travers une visite virtuelle de la mosquée Sultan Barqûq », Sada al-Balad, 6 Lundi 6 avril 2020 avril ; “Egypt to launch virtual tour of Old Cairo mosque complex”, Egypt Independent, The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities April 6 ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Visite virtuelle de la organised its fourth virtual tour of the mosquée Sultan Barqûq », Watanî, 6 avril). distinguished Mosque, Madrasa (School) and - - Khanqa of Sultan Barqûq in al-Mu‘izz Street. The tour is set to take place on April 6. The Mardi 7 avril 2020 tour will be posted on the ministry’s official website and social media platforms and Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities "Experience Egypt." has recently launched an initiative allowing

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Avril 2020 people from all over the world to visit the visites virtuelles sur son site internet », al- various archaeological sites across the country. Shurûq, 4 avril). This step was taken to help people around - - the world to commit to staying at home as a precautionary measure to confront the novel coronavirus. Virtual Tours to other sites will be available in the upcoming period. A number of leaders at the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities confirmed that tours of a number of archaeological sites will be presented in cooperation with a foreign company and the Ministry of Communications. Le ministre du Tourisme et de As for the idea of making virtual visits to l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, et l’assistant museums, officials at the ministry indicated in du président de la République pour les affaires comments made to the press that the idea of financières, major-général Muhammad Amîn, making virtual visits to the archaeological ont inspecté ce matin l’avancement des museums in Egypt is already on the table, and travaux du musée archéologique de la it will be applied at a quality befitting the nouvelle capitale administrative. Ils étaient cultural history of Egypt. accompagnés par le secrétaire général du However, the matter is done according to CSA, Dr Mustafa Wazîrî ; le conseiller du the places on the map, which aims to ministre pour la muséographie, Dr Mahmûd implement the largest possible number of Mabrûk ; le président du secteur des musée, virtual tours. Mu’min ‘Uthmân ; l’assistante du ministre pour les affaires muséologiques, Dr Nevine Nizâr ; It is noteworthy that the Ministry of Tourism et le président de l’administration centrale and Antiquities will launch on Tuesday, April 7 pour la restauration, Gharîb Sunbul. at 7 p.m., with a virtual tour to Ben Ezra Synagogue, located in Misr al-Qadîma. La tournée d’inspection a englobé le grand (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities hall du musée, les salles attenantes et la Ministry resumes virtual tours of tombe de Toutou. Mu’min ‘Uthmân a annoncé archaeological sites”, Egypt Today, April 7, que jusqu’à présent 550 pièces 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le archéologiques sont arrivées au musée en vue ministère de l’Archéologie autorise la visite d’y être exposées. Au cours des trois virtuelle des tombes antiques à cause du prochaines semaines, les pièces lourdes et les Covid-19 », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 3 avril ; “Embark vitrines d’exposition seront transférées. Les on virtual journey through the ancient travaux de sécurisation et de vidéo- Egyptian civilization when stuck at home”, surveillance sont en cours d’achèvement. Egypt Independent, April 3 ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, Dr Nizâr a annoncé l’achèvement des « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie finitions architecturales du bâtiment et le lance la visite virtuelle des sites début des travaux d’éclairage interne et des archéologiques sur son site internet officiel et bases des statues. (‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le les réseaux sociaux », al-Ahrâm, 3 avril ; ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Visites virtuelles inspecte le musée archéologique de la des musées égyptiens : un nouveau service du nouvelle capitale administrative », al-Ahrâm, 7 ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie », avril 2020. Voir également Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le Sada al-Balad, 3 avril ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, ministre de l’Archéologie inspecte « Le ministère de l’Archéologie lance des l’avancement des travaux du musée

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Avril 2020 archéologique de la nouvelle capitale of other temple provisions, offerings, and administrative », Watanî, 7 avril). other small equipment. - - Twelve sacrificial votive bulls’ heads and bones dated to the Ptolemaic period were Mercredi 8 avril 2020 found inserted inside niches cut in the walls of the storerooms. In addition, a complete bull skeleton was found carefully buried under the floor of the temple palace. Dr. Iskandar further stated that the foundation deposits bearing the throne name of Rameses II buried under his first temple built in Egypt confirms that it was indeed constructed during his reign, and not earlier during his father’s time.

The mission of the New York University- The latest discoveries have in effect ISAW at the temple of Ramses II in Abydos changed the physical appearance of the under the direction of Dr. Sâmih Iskandar Abydos landscape and shed considerable light discovered the temple’s foundation deposits on our understanding of the temple and its at its south-west corner which was buried in economy during the thirteenth century B.C. 1279 BC at the time of its construction The insertion of numerous votive sacrificial ceremonies. bulls within the walls of the temple dated to The deposits materials include food the Ptolemaic period reveals that the temple offerings, plaques inscribed with Rameses II was still regarded then as a sacred place. This throne name painted in blue or green colour, is a testimony to the vivid memory of Rameses small copper construction tool models, pottery II in the Egyptian mind one thousand years vessel with hieratic inscriptions, and oval after his reign-an immense span of time. shaped quartzite grindstones, Secretary (“New discovery of foundation deposits and General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, the storerooms of Ramses II’s temple in Mustafa Wazîrî announces. Abydos”, Egypt Today, April 8, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie met au jour des dépôts de fondation dans le temple de Ramsès II à Abydos », al-Ahrâm, 8 avril ; Nevine El-Aref, “Foundation deposits and storerooms of Ramses II Temple in Abydos uncovered”, Ahram Online, April 8; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Mise au jour de dépôts de fondation dans le temple de Ramsès II à Abydos », Sada al-Balad, 8 avril ; Amal Gamâl, « Découverte de dépôts de fondation dans le temple de Ramsès II à Abydos », Watanî, 8 avril ; “Temple of Ramses II at Abydos reveals more ancient secrets”,

Ramses II Temple Foundation deposit 2020 - ET Daily News Egypt, April 15). The mission also discovered ten large mud- - - brick storerooms attached to the temple In the evening of April 8, the Egyptian palace, originally roofed with vaulted brick Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is ceilings. They were used as granaries, storage launching a new virtual tour inside the ancient

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Avril 2020 cemetery site of Banî Hasan on its official social media platforms.

Credit: Wikimedia Commons The synagogue is on Mar Girgis street in the Religious Compound of Old Cairo, near the and the Church of Saint Sergius and Bacchus. It was originally a church The Banî Hasan cemetery is a group of known as the Al-Shamma’in Church, which the tombs carved in the mountain, located about Coptic Orthodox Church sold in 882 AD to the 20 kilometres south of the city of Minyâ. On Jewish community. (“Ben Ezra synagogue is the upper part of the mountain there are today’s virtual tour by the Ministry of Tourism about 40 large tombs from the era of the Sixth and Antiquities”, Ahram Online, April 8, 2020. Dynasty and the Twelfth Dynasty. Voir également Fâdî Francis, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie présente aujourd’hui une visite The rulers of the 15th region were also virtuelle de la synagogue Ben Ezra », al-Masrî buried in Upper Egypt, such as the tombs of al-Yawm, 7 avril ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Visite Khnumhotep II, Amenemhat, Baqet III and virtuelle de la synagogue Ben Ezra », al- Khety, all are in a great state of preservation. Ahrâm, 7 avril ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, Its walls are decorated with beautiful « Visite virtuelle de la synagogue Ben Ezra », inscriptions of bright colours. (Mustafa Marie, Sada al-Balad, 7 avril ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le “Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Ministry ministère de l’Archéologie présente launches new virtual tour inside Banî Hasan aujourd’hui une visite virtuelle de la cemetery”, Egypt Today, April 8, 2020. Voir synagogue Ben Ezra », Watanî, 7 avril ; “Six également Ahmad Mansûr, « Visite virtuelle de Historical Egyptian Monuments and Sites You la nécropole de Banî Hasan », al-Yawm al- Can Visit Virtually”, Egyptian Streets, April 19). Sâbi‘, 8 avril ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie lance - - aujourd’hui une visite virtuelle de la nécropole de Banî Hasan », al-Ahrâm, 8 avril ; Nevine El- Aref, “Egypt’s tourism ministry launches virtual tour of Banî Hasan Necropolis in Minyâ”, Ahram Online, April 8 ; Muhammad al- Iskandarânî, « Nouvelle visite virtuelle de la nécropole de Banî Hasan », Sada al-Balad, 8 avril ; Amal Gamâl, « Visite virtuelle de la nécropole de Banî Hasan à Minyâ », Watanî, 8 avril). La Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités a arrêté un individu pour fouilles archéologiques - - illicites dans les fondations de sa maison The Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and située à Dishnâ dans le gouvernorat de Qinâ. Antiquities is giving an online tour of the Ben La perquisition de son domicile a révélé Ezra synagogue in Old Cairo. l’existence de deux puits de près de 6 mètres de profondeur ainsi qu’une pièce datant de

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Avril 2020 l’époque gréco-romaine. (Ashraf ‘Imrân, « Un (Mustafa Marie, “Empress Eugenie’s holdings ouvrier mis en examen pour fouilles exhibited at Egypt’s Suez Canal Museum”, clandestines à Qinâ », al-Ahrâm, 8 avril 2020). Egypt Today, April 9, 2020. Voir également - - ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Exposition au musée de Suez de pièces appartenant à l’impératrice Eugénie », al-Ahrâm, 9 avril ; Muhammad al- Jeudi 9 avril 2020 Iskandarânî, « Exposition de pièces appartenant à l’impératrice Eugénie au musée de Suez », Sada al-Balad, 9 avril ; Amal Gamâl, « Exposition de pièces appartenant à l’impératrice Eugénie au musée de Suez », Watanî, 9 avril). - -

Vendredi 10 avril 2020

Collection of the possessions of Empress Eugenie at the Suez Canal Authority Museum - Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities official Facebook Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities The Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and organised its first guided video tour at the Antiquities, in coordination with the Ministry of Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr on April 9. Awqâf (Endowments) and the Suez Canal The first guided video tour was presented Authority transferred a collection of artefacts by the two Egyptians tour guides Fatma from the possessions of Empress Eugenie to ‘Abdallah and Walîd al-Battûtî and produced the Suez Canal Authority Museum. by Media Hub group. This comes within the framework of the The tour highlighted two artefacts which ministry’s policy to make the best use of the are the Colossal statue of King Akhenaten and artefacts stored in the warehouses and to re- the Head of his wife Queen Nefertiti. employ them. This colossus of Akhenaten is carved of Head of the Islamic, Coptic and Jewish sandstone. It is one of a series that represents Antiquities Sector Usâma Tal‘at stated that the King that once stood in front of the pillars these holdings consist of a number of chairs of a temple to the god Aten just east of and sofas. It was prepared by Khedive Ismâ‘îl Karnak. to receive Empress Eugenie to attend the opening ceremony of the Suez Canal. The It depicts the king holding the crook and furniture was then owned by Khedive Ismâ‘îl’s the flail, symbols of kingship. They are children. characteristic of the early reign of Akhenaten, representing him with exaggerated features Tal‘at further pointed out that these pieces including narrow shoulders, a prominent belly, are in the custody of the Ministry of Awqâf, full hips, thin arms, and a very distinctive long and that they were preserved in Qubbat face with a long nose, narrow, oblique eyes, Afandînâ and the dome of Princess Shivakiar. and full lips. BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 133

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Although unfinished, this quartzite statue of band. A keen eye will notice that the bag Nefertiti is remarkable. It was discovered in (basket) has two tapering legs beneath it that the workshop of Thutmose, a sculptor in allowed it to be propped up when put on Akhetaten (modern Tell al-Amarna), who must ground. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s Ministry of have been a master of his craft. The statue Tourism and Antiquities organizes its second bears the powerful queen’s elegant features. guided video tour about 1st backpack in (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities history”, Egypt Today, April 11, 2020. Voir organizes its first guided video tour at the également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Egyptian Museum”, Egypt Today, April 10, Tourisme et de l’Archéologie lance la vidéo de 2020. Voir également Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt sa deuxième tournée promotionnelle », al- to launch online guided video tours of Ahrâm, 10 avril ; “Experience virtual tours at museums”, Ahram Online, April 9; Ahmad the Egyptian Museum displaying 20 unique Mansûr, « Visite virtuelle du Musée Égyptien artefacts”, Egypt Independent, April 10). de Tahrîr », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 avril). - - - - Dimanche 12 avril 2020 Samedi 11 avril 2020

Statuette of Niankhpepy’s Servant Screen shot from the virtual tour of Kom al-Shuqâfa Catacombs in Alexandria. Virtual tour made available by Egypt’s Ministry of Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Tourism & Antiquities organized its second guided video tour at the The Kom al-Shuqâfa catacombs in Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr on April 10. The Alexandria are among the most striking, second guided tour which was presented by beautiful, and best-preserved monuments the Egyptian tour guides Fatma ‘Abdallah and from Egypt’s Roman Period (30 BC–AD 395). Walîd al-Battûtî was about the Statuette of A spiral staircase leads around 20 meters Niankhpepy’s Servant. below ground, where sarcophagi decorated ‘Abdallah and al-Battûtî shed light on the with relief garlands of vine leaves, bunches of first backpack in history, which is a basket with grapes, and Medusa heads can be seen, as of two white straps, that we see on the well as loculi (rectangular burial niches carved Statuette of Niankhpepi’s porter. into the walls used for burials), and small The wooden statuette featured here was square niches in the walls, where urns discovered in the tomb of Niankhpepi, the containing cremated remains were once “Supervisor of Upper Egypt” during the reign placed. of the Sixth Dynasty King Pepi I, in Meir near It is also here that some of the best al-Qûsiyya, Asyût governorate. examples of the mixing of Egyptian and It depicts one of his servants carrying an Greco-Roman culture can be seen. ornate basket in one folded arm while he This Tour is made by the Ministry of carries a second basket on his back by means Tourism & Antiquities in cooperation with the of two white straps. The first basket is Ministry of Communication and Information decorated with a colourful grid of squares, and Technology. To enjoy the tour, please visit: the one on his back with a wide leopard print https://bit.ly/2mumm1E. (“Enjoy the virtual BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 134

Avril 2020 tour for Kom al-Shuqâfa catacombs in of Virgin Mary in al-Qûsiyya, the Monastery of Alexandria in 3D”, Egypt Today, April 12, the Virgin Mary at Gabal al-Tayr in Samallût, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le the Abû Mînâ area in Alexandria, and the ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie Monastery of St. Sam‘ân in Aswân. présente une visite virtuelle de la catacombe This is in addition to the sterilization of all de Kom al-Shuqâfa », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 12 the Islamic monuments found in al-Mu‘izz avril). Street, Salâh al-Dîn al-Ayyûbî Citadel, as well - - as Sultan Hasan, al-Azhar and al-Ghûrî areas and the houses of al-Suhaymî and al-Sinnârî.

Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has completed the sterilization of a number of Islamic, Coptic and Jewish archaeological sites in various parts of Egypt. Also, the Ministry of Tourism and This comes as part of the sterilization works Antiquities sterilized takiyat and the Mosque of museums and archaeological sites carried of Abû al-Dahab in al-Azhar, the out by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities archaeological collection and the palace of within the precautionary and preventive Prince Yûsuf Kamâl in Nag‘ Hammâdî, the measures taken by the government to combat Ottoman Castle in Red Sea Governorate, and the coronavirus. the Citadel of Qâytbây and Kom al-Nâdûra in Alexandria.

Usâma Tal‘at, head of the Islamic, Coptic and Judaic Antiquities Sector, announced that a number of Coptic antiquities have been sterilized and disinfected, including the area of Among the Jewish monuments that were Virgin Mary’s Tree in Matariyya, the Monastery sterilized were ben Maimon and

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Eliyahu Hanavi synagogue. (“Egypt’s Ministry al-‘Inânî stated that the development work of Tourism sterilizes several Islamic, Coptic, of the museum did not stop despite the Jewish Egyptian archaeological sites”, Egypt coronavirus crisis, and that is in accordance to Today, April 12, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî’s decision to al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de resume works on major projects. l’Archéologie achève les travaux de The Egyptian Minister of Tourism and décontamination de plusieurs sites islamiques, Antiquities also pointed out that currently coptes et juifs », al-Ahrâm, 12 avril ; Nevine 1700 laborers are working in the museum, in Camile, « Décontamination de la zone de Kom addition to about 300 engineers and al-Nâdûra pour la deuxième fois », Watanî, 13 supervisors representing 33 Egyptian avril). companies out of a total of 65 companies, - - completing work at the museum at a rate of 50 percent per day, as the number of workers Lundi 13 avril 2020 and restorers has been reduced within the site as a precautionary measure taken by the state to prevent and protect from COVID-19.

Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî during an inspecting tour in GEM - ET Egyptian Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî visited the Grand al-‘Inânî further added that an organized Egyptian Museum (GEM) in al-Rimâya Square plan is being developed to gradually increase on April 13. the employment capacity, while taking all preventive and precautionary measures al-‘Inânî visited the museum to follow up against the novel coronavirus. on the latest developments in the project and its work plan during the current period, in light The Minister of Tourism and Antiquities of the preventive measures taken by the said that the Ministry is now working on government to fight the novel coronavirus. creating a guide pertaining to the visitors of museums, archaeological sites and hotels, the During the inspection tour, al-‘Inânî was provisions of this guide will be applied after accompanied by the General Supervisor of the COVID-19 crises comes to an end. These GEM and its surrounding area ‘Âtif Muftâh, instructions will monitor visitors standing in Director of the Museum for Archaeological queues to purchase the tickets in museums Affairs al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs, and a number of and archaeological sites, in addition to leaders of the ministry and the museum. supervising the number of visitors inside the The tour included a visit to the exhibition halls, as well as the number of Archaeology Restoration Center, Wood visitors to restaurants and cafeterias. Restoration Laboratory, where some of the For his part, ‘Âtif Muftâh stated the work in artefacts of King Tutankhamun are being the Grand Egyptian Museum did not stop at restored, in addition to other wooden parts. all, as the museum officials took all safety al-‘Inânî also inspected the museum’s precautions to combat the COVID-19 construction site. pandemic, where daily sterilization and disinfection of the project’s site, restoration BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 136

Avril 2020 laboratories and administrative offices are visits GEM to follow up on its latest taking place. developments”, Egypt Today, April 13, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Zaydân : Les Muftâh further emphasized that workers are travaux du GEM se poursuivent jusqu’à la medically examined daily to see if any of them réalisation du rêve », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 has any symptoms while entering the museum avril ; Narmîn ‘Afîfî, « Le ministre de in the morning and leaving in the evening, l’Archéologie : Les travaux du GEM se sont without any exceptions, using a laser ralentis mais ne se sont pas arrêtés », al- thermometer. Watan, 13 avril ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le GEM », al-Ahrâm, 13 avril ; Islâm ‘Abd al- Ma‘bûd, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte les travaux du GEM », al-Shurûq, 13 avril ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Tournée d’inspection du ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie au GEM », Watanî, 13 avril). - -

Moreover, Muftâh further stated that workers in the museum pass through the sterilization corridor before entering the project, with medical masks distributed to them, in addition to hanging signs illustrating safety tips such as refraining from handshakes and to implement social distancing, and distributing an informative leaflet for all workers, so that it can be applied in all places of the project. À cause de la propagation de la pandémie du coronavirus dans le monde entier, Also, Muftâh further explained that a notamment au Royaume-Uni, l’exposition de training course with all museum staff to raise Toutankhamon, inaugurée en novembre 2019 awareness of the virus and ways to prevent it et prévue jusqu’en mai 2020, a été suspendue. is held regularly. Toutefois, une visite virtuelle de l’exposition a In addition, Muftâh clarified that the été mise en ligne, afin de permettre aux process of disinfection and sterilization in the citoyens britanniques de la visiter durant la museum is not only held while the staff enter période de confinement. (Ahmad Mansûr, in the morning, but is also implemented « Suspension de l’exposition de during the rest periods, which is divided into Toutankhamon au Royaume-Uni », al-Yawm al- three periods to ensure the distribution of Sâbi‘, 13 avril 2020). densities and to avoid gatherings. The sterilization and disinfecting process is repeated again during the end of the work - - day. It is worth noting that two sterilization Mercredi 15 avril 2020 lanes/corridors have been implemented on This Tour is made by the Ministry of site to reach the project’s full work capacity Tourism & Antiquities in cooperation with the after the sterilization and disinfection Ministry of State for Information. procedures have been completed. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities minister

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Ramses VI (KV9) on its official website, social media accounts (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Experience Egypt). The ministry outlined the tomb’s archaeological significance in an official statement. Dating back to the Twentieth Dynasty, the

tomb was originally established by King Screenshot from video made available by Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities in cooperation with Ministry of State for Ramses V. And while it still remains unknown Information. as to whether or not he was even buried there, The GEM will be the largest museum in the it was eventually taken over by his uncle world dedicated to ancient Egyptian culture. Ramses VI. (“Egypt invites world to virtual tour We are preserving and displaying our of the Tomb of Ramses VI”, Egypt important national heritage with state-of-the- Independent, April 15, 2020. Voir également art conservation laboratories, along with ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et educational facilities, temporary exhibition de l’Archéologie lance aujourd’hui une visite halls, a children’s museum, a conference virtuelle de la tombe de Ramsès VI », al- centre, restaurants, cafes, shops and large Ahrâm, 13 avril ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, gardens for everyone to enjoy. « Visite virtuelle de la tombe de Ramsès VI », Sada al-Balad, 13 avril ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Visite The theme is Kingship, and the virtuelle de la tombe de Ramsès VI », Watanî, Tutankhamun Galleries will contain over 5000 13 avril ; “Six Historical Egyptian Monuments objects from his royal tomb, many never seen and Sites You Can Visit Virtually”, Egyptian in public before. The Main Galleries show Streets, April 19). material from the Prehistoric to the Roman periods, while our entrance areas focus on - - Kingship and Power. All our exhibitions will be contextualized for the visitor, with stories, Jeudi 16 avril 2020 texts, digital interactives and media displays. To download video, please visit: https://we.tl/t-6GhogsNMwn. (“Enjoy guided video tours for the Grand Egyptian Museum”, Egypt Today, April 15, 2020. Voir également MENA, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie organise une deuxième tournée au GEM », al-Shurûq, 14 avril).

- - The faded ancient Egyptian sarcophagus - ET In the past, archaeologists used very basic tools in their attempts to unveil secrets of ancient Egypt. Now things have changed a lot, and scientists use some of the most advanced technologies to reveal ancient secrets. James Fraser, chief curator of the Nicholson Museum in Australia, which houses a 2,500-year-old ancient Egyptian sarcophagus, stated that the sarcophagus is beautiful and mysterious, but it lacks the Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities luxurious colours that symbolize the nobles’ has launched a virtual tour of the Tomb of sarcophagi in ancient Egypt. BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 138

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Fraser explained that it is possible that the Vendredi 17 avril 2020 coffins that retain their colours are covered with plaster. It is made from local wood and is considered the cheapest in Egypt, such as sycamore or acacia. He added that plaster keeps the paint better than wood. The veteran curator further explained that the rich in ancient Egypt were placed in these wooden coffins of human form. Then, they were placed inside a larger wooden box or stone coffin that is also beautifully decorated. "The coffins of the rich are often made of Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities imported Lebanese rice where artists were Khâlid al-‘Inânî visited the National Museum of able to draw on it directly. As the centuries Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) in Fustât to passed, the colours faded on the wood. With check on the latest developments of the the loss of colours, what hieroglyphics may museum and its work plan during the current have been present?" Fraser asked. period in light of the preventive measures taken by the government to combat the novel The veteran curator stressed that using coronavirus. modern tools and techniques, we could reveal the colours of the ancient sarcophagus that faded with the passage of time. For a faded mummy nest, colours that can only be guessed are determined by using a technique called vibratory spectroscopy that uses light to identify materials. It is possible to examine the strange black lines observed by earlier scientists but never been explained. It turns out that these lines represent wavelengths of light absorbed by The Egyptian minister of Tourism and impurities in the glass. Antiquities was accompanied by Dr. Ahmad al- Shirbînî, the museum’s general director. Scientists later found that each atom or molecule interacts with light in a unique way The tour included visiting the foyer, for that substance, such as a fingerprint. reception area, main hall, mummy hall and panorama of the museum. The process started with a high-resolution 3D laser scan of the sarcophagus. This allowed the elements of the sarcophagus to be greatly enlarged so that the smallest details can be seen using digital brushes, textures and lighting effects. (Mustafa Marie, “Faded colours of ancient Egyptian sarcophagus restored in Australia”, Egypt Today, April 16, 2020).

- - al-‘Inânî also inspected the guide boards that show the schedule of the different historical periods from the prehistoric period

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Avril 2020 until the contemporary era, as well as the map clearly seen on the its sides, whereas its curled that shows all the museums, archaeological neck and head creatively form its rim. and tourist sites in Egypt; in both Arabic and English languages to be displayed within the context of the museum display.

Vase in the shape of a Trussed Goose The shape of the vase suggests that it may have been used to store goose oil, or perhaps even dried up goose for consumption in the It is worth noting that the National Museum afterlife. It is one of many stone vases and of Egyptian Civilization is one of the most fragments of vases discovered in the Step important projects developed in cooperation Pyramid’s substructure. (“Egypt’s Ministry of with UNESCO to become one of the largest Tourism & Antiquities organizes a guided museums of civilization in Egypt and the video tours for Vase in the Shape of a Trussed Middle East with a new vision of the ancient Goose”, Egypt Today, April 17, 2020. Voir Egyptian heritage. (“Egypt’s minister of également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le Musée Tourism & Antiquities visits National Museum Égyptien de Tahrîr expose un vase sous la of Egyptian Civilization”, Egypt Today, April forme d’une oie attachée », al-Ahrâm, 16 17, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le avril ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Un vase ministre du Tourisme et des Antiquités sous la forme d’une oie attachée exposé au inspecte le NMEC », al-Ahrâm, 15 avril ; Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr », Sada al-Balad, 16 MENA, « Le ministre du Tourisme et des avril ; “Explore Egypt’s most unique collection Antiquités inspecte l’avancement des travaux of artifacts through virtual tours”, Egypt au NMEC », al-Shurûq, 15 avril ; Hishâm Independent, April 17 ; Amal Gamâl, « Un Shawqî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et des vase sous la forme d’une oie attachée exposé Antiquités inspecte l’avancement des travaux au Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr », Watanî, 17 au NMEC », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 16 avril ; avril). Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministre du - - Tourisme et des Antiquités inspecte le NMEC », Sada al-Balad, 16 avril ; Amal Gamâl, Samedi 18 avril 2020 « Le ministre du Tourisme et des Antiquités inspecte le NMEC à Fustât », Watanî, 16 avril). - - Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities organised a guided video tours for vase in the shape of a Trussed Goose on April 16. The vase was discovered in 1935 in one of the underground galleries beneath the Step Pyramid of King Djoser in Saqqâra. This curious 65-centimetre tall alabaster In celebration of World Heritage Day, the vase is shaped like a trussed goose with its Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities launched a feathers plucked. Its wings and legs can be drawing competition for children aged 6-12.

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The children are supposed to choose one également Amal Gamâl, « La triade de of the seven World Heritage Sites found in Mykérinos exposée au Musée Égyptien », Egypt, draw a picture of it and write a short Watanî, 17 avril). essay to describe it.

Each kid will send a photo of his/her - - drawing, essay and personal data on this mail: [email protected]. Dimanche 19 avril 2020 The ministry will organize an online gallery for the drawings and choose three winners. The last day to submit the drawings is 15 May 2020. (“In celebration of World Heritage Day, Tourism Ministry launches drawing competition for kids”, Egypt Today, April 18, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « À l’occasion de la Journée mondiale du patrimoine, le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie organise une compétition pour les enfants », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 18 avril ; Amal Within the celebrations of the World Gamâl, « Pour célébrer la Journée mondiale Heritage Day, Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and du patrimoine, une compétition de dessins Antiquities lit the Pyramids of Gîza with the pour les enfants », Watanî, 19 avril). slogans launched by International Council on - - Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS ) which are Shared Cultures, Shared Heritage, Shared Responsibility. The ministry was keen to launch this event from the Gîza Pyramids area, as it is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Egypt’s minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî and Egypt’s minister of Information Usâma Haykal participated in the event. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities lit Gîza Pyramids, celebrating World Heritage Day”, Egypt Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Today, April 19, 2020. Voir également Nevine organized a guided video tour for the Triad of El-Aref, “Egypt celebrates World Heritage Day Menkaure. online owing to coronavirus”, Ahram Online, April 18; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du This statue, described as a triad because it Tourisme et de l’Archéologie célèbre sur le depicts three figures, shows two deities on plateau des pyramides la Journée mondiale either side of King Menkaure, the builder of du patrimoine », al-Ahrâm, 19 avril ; the third pyramid in Gîza, who is also known as Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministère du Mykerinos. He is depicted young and in Tourisme et de l’Archéologie célèbre la perfect shape, embodying the ideal of male Journée mondiale du patrimoine », Sada al- form during the Old Kingdom. On his right- Balad, 19 avril). hand side is a female figure with a sun disk on her head between cow horns. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities - - organizes a guided video tour for the Triad of Menkaure”, Egypt Today, April 18, 2020. Voir

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A massive anthropoid wooden coffin bearing hieroglyphs written in yellow pigment was discovered in one of the niches. Other objects discovered around the coffin include 365 faience ushabti figurines, some of which bear hieroglyphs texts, and a small wooden obelisk about 40 cm tall.

The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has announced the discovery of an ancient burial site at Saqqâra’s Sacred Animal Necropolis.

Work at the site has been ongoing since April 2018, and is currently in its third stage. All four of the miniature obelisk’s sides bear painted scenes depicting the goddesses Isis and Nephthys, and the god Horus. Wooden statues of the god Ptah-Sokar-Osiris, and three pottery canopic jars holding internal organs were also found.

In a statement, the ministry said a shaft measuring 120 cm x 90 cm and 11 metres deep was found, with five still sealed stone coffins at the bottom. Also discovered in the same complex were four niches in a room containing wooden coffins and Late Period The ministry added that all the small human burials. artefacts have been removed from the shaft for conservation work to be carried out. The Supreme Council of Antiquities has made many discoveries at the Sacred Animal Necropolis in Saqqâra in the past two years. The most important of these discoveries was the decorated tomb of Wahti and a small cache of sacred birds and animals from which many animal mummies, some extremely rare, were uncovered.

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The museum is the first museum to be established in Egypt and the Middle East in 1906. It included models of rare embalms, skeletons, skins, and skulls for most animals, birds, and wild reptiles, in addition to various groups of ancient mummies. Furthermore, the museum includes 1,352 mummified birds, 555 mammals, 259 reptiles, 115 skulls, 49 heads, and 35 skeletons. Some of the embalms date back to the centenary of the zoo itself, while some date back to the late th 19 century. The most recent mummy in the museum is of an orangutan, which was (Nihal Samir, “Ancient burial site embalmed five years ago. discovered at Saqqâra”, Daily News Egypt, April 19, 2020. Voir également « Nouvelle It is worth noting that the museum was découverte archéologique à Saqqâra », al- renovated several times, first in 1962, then in Masrî al-Yawm, 18 avril ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le 1988. It then closed for nearly 18 years, from ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie 1998 to 2015. The museum was then lance une visite virtuelle de la tombe de Wahti reopened after renovation works in 2015. à Saqqâra », al-Ahrâm, 18 avril ; “Egypt Most of the animals and structures in the launches virtual tour of Wahti Tomb”, Egypt museum are for animals that were present in Independent, April 18 ; Muhammad al- the zoo and died either because of old age or Iskandarânî, « 9 informations importantes sur because of diseases and were then la nouvelle découverte archéologique à mummified once deceased. Saqqâra », Sada al-Balad, 18 avril ; Muhammad Tuhâmî, « Nouvelle découverte The museum also houses fontats from archéologique dans la nécropole des oiseaux abroad, which were confiscated, or acquired à Saqqâra », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 19 avril ; by the museum as gifts such as Goose Beans, Mustafa Marie, “All you need to know about which King Fârûq brought in 1943. latest discoveries in Saqqâra”, Egypt Today, To visit the Zoological museum, please use April 22). the link below: - - https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=t4bfsRUs XEK&help=2&play=1. (Mustafa Marie, Lundi 20 avril 2020 “Egypt’s Ministries of Agriculture, Tourism & Antiquities launch virtual tour at Zoological Museum”, Egypt Today, April 20, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Les ministères de l’Archéologie et de l’Agriculture lancent une visite virtuelle du musée zoologique », Sada al-Balad, 20 avril ; Angel Ridâ, « Visite virtuelle du musée zoologique de Gîza », Watanî, 20 avril). - -

Inside the Zoological Museum in Gîza. Screenshot from virtual tour Mardi 21 avril 2020 In cooperation with Egypt’s Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Antiquities is launching a virtual visit to the organised a virtual tour in the Coptic Museum Zoological Museum located in the Gîza Zoo. on April 19, to watch the Icon of the Holy

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Family’s flight into Egypt and the lintel The tomb is the final resting place of two depicting Jesus Christ’s entry into Jerusalem, men, Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep. They among the unique collection of the museum. were officials during the Fifth Dynasty, as well as priests in the sun temple of King Nyuserra in Abû Ghurâb. They were the king’s hairdressers and the supervisors of his manicurists. The tomb consists of two parts, one a free- standing structure made of limestone, and the other cut into the rock. The tomb, discovered in 1965, contains beautiful depictions of various scenes of everyday life, but the most The Coptic Museum houses the world’s famous is its unique scene that shows the two largest collection of Egyptian Christian men embracing. The entrance to the tomb is objects. Marcus Simayka Pasha, who had a adorned with two columns on which the great passion for Coptology, was the first to names and titles of Niankhkhnum and propose that a museum be built for Coptic art. Khnumhotep are inscribed. (…) The Coptic Museum came under the It leads to a set of chambers with an open jurisdiction of the Egyptian government’s courtyard, which contains many scenes of Department of Antiquities, and the Egyptian everyday life including farming, hunting, the Museum’s collection of Christian artefacts slaughtering of animals, jewellery making, and were moved to the Coptic Museum. The new sculpting. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egyptian wing was inaugurated in 1947. (Angy Essam, antiquities ministry launches virtual tour of “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Tomb of Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep in organises virtual tour in Coptic Museum”, Saqqâra”, Ahram Online, April 21, 2020). Egypt Today, April 21, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministère du - - Tourisme et de l’Archéologie lance une visite virtuelle du musée Copte », Sada al-Balad, 19 Mercredi 22 avril 2020 avril ; Amal Gamâl, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie lance une visite virtuelle du musée Copte », Watanî, 20 avril). - -

Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is to launch a new virtual tour for the Step Pyramid Complex of Djoser on April 22 at 8 pm. The tour will be posted on the ministry’s Tomb of Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep in Saqqâra (Photo : Egypt’s Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism) official website and social media platforms. The Tomb of Niankhkhnum and Third Dynasty Step Pyramid complex of Khnumhotep in Saqqâra is Tuesday’s virtual King Djoser is Egypt’s oldest pyramid. It is also tour on the Ministry of Tourism and considered the first largescale stone Antiquities’ website and social media construction in history, and an important platforms. phase in the evolution of the royal tomb towards a true pyramid shape. BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 144

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(…) The complex was initially excavated the Temple of Meritamen in Akhmîm and its from 1924 to 1935. The French architect Jean- administrative building, for the second time. Philippe Lauer — working for Egyptian General Coordinator of al-Mu‘izz Street authorities — dedicated most of his life to the Sharîf Fawzî referred that the headquarters of systematic protection and conservation of the the General Administration of Historic Cairo in Step Pyramid complex for around 70 years the Citadel was sterilized, in addition to the starting 1926. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s Ministry ministry’s Research Center, al-Mu‘izz and al- of Tourism & Antiquities to launch a new Gamâliya Streets. virtual tour for Djoser Pyramid on Apr.22”, Egypt Today, April 22, 2020. Voir également Head of the Museums Sector Mu’min ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et ‘Uthmân indicated that the sterilization and de l’Archéologie lance une visite virtuelle de la disinfection works have been completed at the pyramide de Djoser à Saqqâra », al-Ahrâm, 22 Matrûh Museum and the Rommel Cave in avril ; Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt’s antiquities Matrûh. ministry to launch virtual tour of Step Pyramid Moreover, the Ministry of Tourism and Complex of Djoser on Wednesday”, Ahram Antiquities confirmed that it has completed Online, April 22; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, sterilization and disinfection of all hotel « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie establishments in all Egyptian tourist lance une visite virtuelle du complexe destinations. pyramidal de Djoser à Saqqâra », Sada al- Balad, 22 avril ; “Egypt to broadcast virtual Assistant Minister for Quality Control of tour of Djoser Pyramid on Wednesday”, Egypt Tourism and Hotel Establishments ‘Abd al- Independent, April 22 ; Amal Gamâl, « Visite Fattâh al-‘Âsî clarified that all restaurants that virtuelle du complexe pyramidal de Djoser à provide delivery services are sterilized Saqqâra », Watanî, 22 avril). periodically. - - It is worth noting that disinfection is carried out in accordance with the international Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities standards and under the supervision of the has completed the second and third stages of Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population. disinfection of some archaeological sites and (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & museums across the country. Antiquities complete 2nd, 3rd sterilization Special teams were formed to carry out stages of museums, archaeological sites”, cleaning and disinfection works every 48 Egypt Today, April 22, 2020. Voir également hours. This comes within the framework of the Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministère du efforts of the Ministry of Tourism and Tourisme et de l’Archéologie achève la 2e et la Antiquities to thoroughly apply the 3e phases de désinfection des sites precautionary measures to combat the novel archéologiques », Sada al-Balad, 21 avril). coronavirus, and follow-up to complete - - disinfection of the various museums, archaeological sites and administrative Jeudi 23 avril 2020 buildings of the ministry. Head of the Egyptian Antiquities Sector at Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities the ministry Ayman al-‘Ashmâwî stated that launched a new virtual tour for the Funerary the third phase of disinfection has been Complex of King Unas on April 23. The tour completed for Dahshûr and al-Lisht was posted on the ministry’s official website archaeological area. This is in addition to and social media platforms. Saqqâra Necropolis, which included It contains all the components of the royal cemeteries, pyramids and a lounge for VIP funerary complex of the Old Kingdom. It visitors, as well as the Dandara Temple and includes the valley temple, mortuary temple, the causeway connecting them, and the BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 145

Avril 2020 pyramid itself. The entrance to the pyramid is - - located on its north side. A descending corridor leads to a hall, then to a horizontal gallery ending in an antechamber with three small magazines on its left. On the right is the burial chamber, which contains the oldest known Pyramid Texts. These are religious inscriptions that helped the deceased king in his resurrection and guide him to reach the sun god Ra in the sky. The mortuary temple, dedicated to the Sterilizing works in Bâb Rashîd Archaeological Zone - ET performance of religious rituals for the king The Authority of the Alexandria after his death, is located on the east side of Archaeological Zone and the North Coast the pyramid. It contains a court with columns, sanitized a number of archaeological sites the sanctuary, the altar, and a number of affiliated to the Ministry of Tourism and magazines. Antiquities. Bâb Rashîd in Alexandria’s downtown and the eastern tower in Alexandria Stadium were sterilized as part of the precautionary measures taken to battle the COVID-19 pandemic. The Authority of the Alexandria Archaeological Zone and the North Coast previously sterilized a number of

The Funerary Complex of King Unas archaeological sites in April, including the Citadel of Qâytbây, Kom al-Nâdûra, the From 1899 to 1903, excavations took place Jewish Temple, the Control Center in the Abû in the area surrounding the pyramid, which led Mînâ archaeological area, as well as the to the discovery of numerous shaft tombs from northern bath and the double bath, al-Madfan the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Monastery, Tomb of Saint Mînâ, Baptism Dynasties, as well as the tomb of King Monastery, the guest houses and the Hetepsekhemwy, the founder of the Second residential village, in addition to numerous Dynasty, which lies directly beneath the archaeological sites in Abû Mînâ mortuary temple. (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism archaeological zone. & Antiquities launched a new virtual tour for the Funerary Complex of King Unas”, Egypt The Alexandria and North Coast Today, April 23, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar Archaeological Zone Authority periodically al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de monitors the status of the archaeological areas l’Archéologie lance une visite virtuelle du and the application of precautionary measures complexe pyramidal d’Ounas », al-Ahrâm, 23 for workers in those areas. avril ; Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt’s tourism and Also, periodic work is done to sterilize antiquities ministry to launch new virtual tour archaeological areas, where the archaeological of Funerary Complex of King Unas”, Ahram area of Kom al-Nâdûra was cleansed and Online, April 23 ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, sterilized for the second time to ensure the « Visite virtuelle aujourd’hui du complexe safety of workers in the area. Also, periodic pyramidal d’Ounas », Sada al-Balad, 23 avril ; follow up on the project to reduce the Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le ministère du groundwater in the area and purify all wells to Tourisme et de l’Archéologie lance une visite prepare them for operation is carried out. virtuelle du complexe pyramidal d’Ounas », al- Shurûq, 23 avril). BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 146

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On the other hand, the Bibliotheca Il est également prévu d’installer des cafés et Alexandrina has been continuously sterilizing un restaurant au milieu du parc. and disinfecting its museum, while minimizing the number of the employees. Sterilization procedures will be followed in the museum until the COVID-19 crisis comes to an end. (Mustafa Marie, “Sterilization works carried out in Alexandria, North Coast Archaeological Zones”, Egypt Today, April 23, 2020. Voir également Muhammad ‘Abd al-Ghanî, « Décontamination de la région archéologique d’Abû Mînâ en Alexandrie », al-Ahrâm, 18 avril ; Ahmad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz, « Décontamination de la région archéologique d’Abû Mînâ en Alexandrie », Sada al-Balad, 18 avril ; Ahmad Le directeur exécutif du projet, ingénieur Mansûr, « Décontamination du fort Rashîd et Mahmûd al-Rays, a révélé le retrait de plus de d’autres monuments d’Alexandrie », al-Yawm 200 000 tonnes de détritus de ce secteur qui al-Sâbi‘, 23 avril ; Nevine Camile, « Campagne servait de déchetterie. Le lac a été refaçonné de décontamination de tous les sites en élargissant certains secteurs et en archéologiques alexandrins », Watanî, 23 rétrécissant d’autres. Une île a été aménagée avril ; Ragab Ramadân, « Décontamination de au milieu du lac, ainsi que des fontaines d’eau la citerne Ibn al-Nabîh en Alexandrie », al- dont 13 entourent un amphithéâtre. Le Masrî al-Yawm, 26 avril ; MENA, périmètre du lac sera doté de 4 restaurants, « Décontamination des sites archéologiques de plusieurs cafés et d’une jetée. en Alexandrie », al-Shurûq, 28 avril). - -

Le lac ‘Ayn al-Hayâ est situé à Fustât. Au cours du siècle dernier, ses eaux sulfureuses

étaient réputées guérir des maladies de peau. Les travaux se poursuivent sans relâche Il était très fréquenté jadis, avant d’être frappé dans le projet de réaménagement du lac ‘Ayn de négligence et devenir une zone informelle. al-Hayâ, situé en face du Musée national de la (Sayyid al-Khalafâwî, « Le pourtour du lac ‘Ayn Civilisation égyptienne (NMEC), dans le vieux al-Haya est transformé en un jardin ouvert », Caire. L’enrochement des berges, le al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 23 avril 2020. Voir nettoyage et le traitement de ses eaux également Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Âtî, « Le sulfureuses sont en cours d’achèvement. Premier ministre inspecte les travaux de Les services techniques du gouvernorat du réaménagement du lac ‘Ayn al-Sîra », al-Masrî Caire ont reboisé une grande portion du al-Yawm, 27 avril ; Karîm Hasan, « Le Premier pourtour du lac. Des palmiers et des massifs ministre inspecte les travaux de floraux multicolores visent à transformer les réaménagement du lac ‘Ayn al-Sîra et de la lieux en un jardin ouvert et densément coloré. région environnante », al-Ahrâm, 27 avril).

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- - The girl mummy is wearing two spiral shaped earrings in one of her ears. The two Vendredi 24 avril 2020 earrings are covered with a thin metal leaf. The newly uncovered mummy is wearing two rings, one made of bone and the other with a blue glass bead set on a metal base and tied with string.

A Spanish-Egyptian archaeological mission headed by José Galán uncovered an anthropoid coffin containing a mummy dating back to the 17th Dynasty in Dhirâ‘ Abû al-Nagâ necropolis on Luxor’s West Bank. Around the mummy chest there are four necklaces tied together with a faience clip. The first necklace is 70cm long, made from rounded faience beads and alternating dark and light blue. While the second one is 62cm long, and made of green faience and glass beads.

The newly discovered coffin measures 1.75 by 0.33m, and was carved in wood cut from a sycamore tree trunk, covered with a whitewash and painted in red. The coffin was placed on the ground horizontally.

The third necklace measures 61cm and is made of 74 pieces, combining beads of amethyst, carnelian, amber, blue glass and quartz. The most beautiful necklace has two scarabs, one depicting the falcon god Horus, and five faience amulets.

The fourth necklace is made of several The mummy which was found in a bad strings of faience beads tied together at both conservation condition is of a 15- or 16-year- ends by a ring combining all the strings. old girl resting on her right side inside the coffin. The mission unearthed as well a mud-brick offering chapel and a pile of mixed materials from funerary equipment.

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The director of the mission announced that these discoveries were found during excavation performed at the area located in front of the open courtyard of Djehuty’s tomb (TT11).

The sandals decoration and size show that it is probably belonged to a woman, and also the balls, were used by a woman for sport or as part of a dancing choreography, according to daily life depictions in Banî Hasan tombs of the 12th dynasty. (Angy Essam, “Egypt announces the discovery of coffin containing a mummy dating back to the 17th Dynasty in Luxor”, Egypt Today, April 24, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « La mission égypto-espagnole découvre un sarcophage en bois de sycomore datant de la XVIIe dynastie », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 24 avril ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Mise au jour à Dhirâ‘ Abû al-Nagâ d’un sarcophage en bois datant de la XVIIe dynastie », al-Ahrâm, 24 avril ; Nevine El-Aref, “17 dynasty mummy in coffin discovered at A small coffin made of mud was also found Dhirâ‘ Abû al-Nagâ necropolis in Luxor”, at the opposite side of the mud-brick chapel. Ahram Online, April 24; Amal Gamâl, « La It is still closed and tied together with string. mission égypto-espagnole découvre un sarcophage en bois datant de la XVIIe Inside the coffin there was a wooden dynastie », Watanî, 24 avril ; Angy Essam, ushabti wrapped in four linen bandages. The “Daily Mail highlights the uncover of coffin ushabti figurine and one of the linen bandages containing a mummy dating back to the 17th have hieratic text on them revealing the dynasty in Luxor”, Egypt Today, May 1st). identity of their owner ‘‘the Osiris, Djehuty’’ who lived in the 17th Dynasty (c.1600 BCE). - -

A pair of leather sandals were found Samedi 25 avril 2020 together with a pair of leather balls tied together with string, in the same area, but inside a funerary shaft. The newly uncovered sandals which are dating back to the 17th Dynasty are dyed in a red colour, and engraved with different motifs depicting god Bes, goddess Taweret, a pair of cats, an ibex and a rosette. The 3,600 years old sandals were found in a good state of preservation.

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Rock inscriptions documentation project valleys of South Sinai, where they were team in Sinai uncovered ancient cave inside implemented in a distinct artistic manner and which contained a variety of unique and may rise to the bas-relief, and is being studied sculpted scenes in the rock during its work in to determine its history. the Valley of al-Zulma in North Sinai.

Dr. Hishâm Husayn, director of Sinai

antiquities and head of the documentation mission, said that most of the unearthed The head of the Egyptian antiquities sector scenes were carved along the walls of the Ayman al-‘Ashmâwî said that the cave is inner cave and depict a number of animals, located at the beginning of a tributary of the including unique views of camels, deer, mule, valley in a mountainous area made of mountain goats and many scenes of donkeys. limestone, about 90 km southeast of the al- Qantara al-Sharqiyya city. About 200 meters southwest of the cave the mission also found the remains of circular buildings made of stone, which is likely to be the remains of a settlement used in the past. Director General of al-‘Arîsh Antiquities Yahya Hasanayn said that the depth of the Cave reaches 15 meters, and about 20 meters high, the ceiling of the cave is made from weak limestone, and is filled with large quantities of animal waste and fire ash, which indicates continuous use of the cave during

the successive ages, perhaps as a shelter for al-‘Ashmâwî pointed out that the cave is locals to protect them from rain, storms and the first of its kind to be unearthed in the area hail in the winter. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s rock and is larger in than the Zaranig Cave which inscriptions documentation project uncovers was documented recently. ancient cave in North Sinai”, Egypt Today, April 25, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Découverte d’une grotte antique à Wâdî al-Zulma dans le Nord Sinaï », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 25 avril ; “First archaeological cave discovered in North Sinai’s Wâdî al-Zulma”, Daily News Egypt, April 25; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie a mis au jour une grotte archéologique dans le Nord Sinaï », al-Ahrâm, 25 avril ; Muhammad al- Iskandarânî, « Découverte d’une grotte archéologique dans le Sinaï », Sada al-Balad, 25 avril ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Mise au jour d’une The head of the Egyptian antiquities sector grotte archéologique décorée dans le Nord said that the scenes engraved inside the cave Sinaï », Watanî, 25 avril ; Nevine El-Aref, is completely different from those in the “Ancient cave with distinguished engravings BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 150

Avril 2020 depicting scenes of animals discovered in Dimanche 26 avril 2020 Sinai”, Ahram Online, April 26; “Archaeologists uncover ancient cave in North Sinai”, Egypt Independent, April 26).

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Archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs said there is no reason for Sheikh ‘Alî Gum‘a, the former Le président du secteur des projets, Wa‘d Grand Mufti of Egypt, to talk about Abû al-‘Ilâ, a annoncé la poursuite des travaux archaeology. de restauration minutieuse du palais Alexan Hawwâs said Gum‘a is a “man of religion”, situé dans le gouvernorat d’Asyût. Ces travaux and so when he spoke about archaeology, he dont le coût s’élève à 20 millions de livres did not back his claim up by relevant scientific égyptiennes seront achevés dans cinq mois. evidence, but rather used information Tous les matériaux utilisés sont fournis par reported by obsessed archaeology fanatics. l’Administration centrale pour la restauration et la préservation archéologique. Hawwâs further explained that Sheikh Gum‘a mostly repeated what Sayyid Karîm claimed in his book "The Mystery of Egyptian Civilization", and that the book is full of fantasies that are far from science. The veteran archaeologist also claimed that Gum‘a repeated what Mustafa Mahmûd said in his famed program “Science and Faith".

According to the Egyptian archaeologist, Actuellement, les efforts sont concentrés this resembles the incident when some fame- sur la restauration des ornements des façades seekers claimed the Pyramids of Gîza were du palais. Les ornements manquants seront built by people who came from the lost moulés puis fixés à leur emplacement continent of Atlantis. d’origine. Des échafaudages seront installés, “What is his evidence that Prophet Idrîs afin de commencer le nettoyage et la was the first to build the pyramids and that the restauration des quatre façades. Quant aux statue of the Great Sphinx is an embodiment escaliers et l’entrée Est du palais, ils ont été of him?!” Hawwâs asked. sécurisés. En coopération avec le gouvernorat d’Asyût, le jardin du palais sera planté, les “First, we have full evidence that King réseaux d’égout et d’éclairage réparés. Djoser built the first pyramid we have. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de Imhotep was the first to switch from using l’Archéologie poursuit la restauration du palais mud-bricks to stones. We have the oldest Alexan », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 25 avril 2020). papyrus found to date, the Wâdî al-Garf papyrus, in which the chief of staff, Murar, talks about building the pyramid of Khufu,” - - said Hawwâs.

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Hawwâs stated that the pyramid area was “I have no idea how Sheikh Gum‘a linked initially called "Ankh Khufu", meaning “Khufu the Sphinx to prophet Idrîs? What is your lives”, and that Khufu lived in a palace inside evidence, Sheikh ‘Alî?” asked Hawwâs. the pyramid. Afterwards, building the "As for the claim that prophet Idrîs was the pyramids continued until the beginning of the first to call for monotheism, we should not modern state. forget that before there were any heavenly Also, the veteran archaeologist stressed religions, King Akhenaten was the first person that we cannot deny evidence from the royal to talk about monotheism," clarified the tombs in Gîza, where information about the veteran Egyptian archaeologist. priests of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure is Furthermore, Hawwâs clarified that Idrîs clearly illustrated. "Is it possible to forget the was linked to Osiris because of linguistic royal lists that specify the names of Egyptian similarity between the two names only. kings that did not include the name of Prophet Idrîs, peace be upon him?" “I am very sorry to say that Dr. Sayyid Karîm repeated all this without knowledge or As for the Sphinx, it does not go back to evidence, and that Prophet Idrîs did not teach the era of Khufu and Khafre, like Sheikh Gum‘a mummification, because mummification did mentioned. “This is a fatal mistake!” explained not just suddenly appear; the Egyptians kept Hawwâs. developing it from the First Dynasty when they According to Hawwâs, scientific evidence dried the bodies, and added some material to indicates that the Sphinx dates back to the era the legs. In the Fourth Dynasty, the work of of King Khafre. It was sculptured in a way masks was developed, and embalming did not depicting him in the form of Horus, as he reach its peak until the 18th Dynasty,” said worshiped the deity Ra. Hawwâs. “At the end, I must say that I respect and appreciate Sheikh Gum‘a on the personal level, but when he speaks about archaeology without knowledge or evidence, I have to stop him. Stop repeating what non-specialists are saying without evidence,” concluded Hawwâs. (Mustafa Marie, “Hawwâs presents evidence that Prophet Idrîs is not Osiris”, Egypt Today, April 26, 2020. Voir également Sharîf Sulaymân, « ‘Alî Gum‘a : Le prophète Idrîs a

Shaykh ‘Alî Gum‘a commencé la construction des pyramides et le Sphinx incarne son visage », al-Watan, 25 The ancient Egyptians had linked the avril ; Muhammad ‘Abd al-Rahmân, « Le power of the lion to the power of the king, Sphinx est-il le prophète Idrîs ? Démenti des depicting the king as a lion stepping on and archéologues », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 25 avril ; trampling the enemies. This art form has “Zâhî Hawwâs refutes former Grand Mufti ‘Alî appeared in the era of King Djedefre, the son Gum‘a’s Prophet Idrîs theory”, Egypt of King Khufu, showing the king with a human Independent, April 27 ; « Zâhî Hawwâs adresse face and a lion’s body. un message critique à ‘Alî Gum‘a », al-Masrî al- This depiction of the kings continued in the Yawm, 27 avril). fifth and sixth dynasties until the end of the late era on the Sphinx road that links the Luxor Temple to the Karnak temples. - -

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the largest silver-plated doors in the entire Lundi 27 avril 2020 world according to the ministry’s statement.

Looking further past the glamorous silver and Islamic craftsmanship, the door contains Le Premier ministre, Dr Mustafa Madbûlî, a another small yet remarkable feature which is effectué aujourd’hui une visite d’inspection de the artist’s signature engraved on the door la place Tahrîr qui vient d’être décorée de lock: Yahudah Aslan, a man neither Muslim or l’obélisque transféré depuis . Il a été Arab. accompagné par les ministres du Tourisme et This serves as a testament to Islamic Cairo’s de l’Archéologie, du Développement régional, foundation of tolerance and religious diversity, de l’Habitat et du gouverneur du Caire. a time where even non-Muslim artisans could Le Premier ministre a recommandé de excel at creating Islamic art. (“Egypt launches confier le site à une société de sécurité et à guided virtual tour of Ottoman-era une autre pour l’entretien. Le projet de masterpiece door”, Egypt Independent, April réaménagement de la place Tahrîr repose sur 28, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le sa pharaonisation à travers l’installation d’un ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie met obélisque et de quatre sphinx criocéphales. À en ligne une vidéo sur la plus grande porte cela s’ajoute l’aménagement d’allées dallées, décorée d’argent au musée d’Art islamique », de bancs ainsi que la plantation de palmiers et al-Ahrâm, 27 avril ; “Egypt launches online d’oliviers. (Mahdî, « Le Premier ministre guided tour exploring Islamic art”, Ahram recommande de confier la place Tahrîr à deux Online, April 27; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, sociétés de sécurité et d’entretien », al-Ahrâm, « La plus grande porte décorée d’argent 27 avril 2020. Voir également « La place Tahrîr exposée au musée d’Art islamique », Sada al- sera confiée à une société de sécurité », al- Balad, 27 avril ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « La plus grande Masrî al-Yawm, 28 avril). porte décorée d’argent exposée au musée - - d’Art islamique », Watanî, 27 avril ; “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities organizes a tour for a wooden door dating back to Mardi 28 avril 2020 Muhammad ‘Alî Dynasty”, Egypt Today, April 28). Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has launched a new guided virtual tour taking viewers inside the Museum of Islamic Art to experience a breathtaking wooden door - gilded with silver, dating all the way back to - - the era of Muhammed ‘Alî. - Taken from the Mosque of al-Sayyida Zaynab, this magnificent door ranks as among

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The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities One of the wooden pieces carefully extracted from Khufu's second ship to be transferred and re-assembled in its permanent location in launched on April 30 a new guided video tour the Grand Egyptian Museum - ET for a set of wooden panels decorated with The Grand Egyptian Museum received 42 engraved with human, animal, and floral wooden pieces from the second Khufu ship, figures. It dates to the Fatimid Period in Egypt after extracting it from its pit near the pyramid (5th century AH / 11th century AD MIA no. of Khufu at the ancient pyramids of Gîza. It 3473) underwent restoration work in the These wooden panels once adorned the archaeological laboratory located on the site. palaces of the Fatimid Caliphs on al-Mu’izz The transfer process comes within the Street between Bâb Zuwayla and Bâb al-Futûh framework of the Egyptian-Japanese joint (Cairo’s then-city gates). These palaces were project between the Egyptian Ministry of decorated with scenes drawn from daily life Tourism and Antiquities and the Japanese such as hunting, playing music, dancing, and Higashi University to extract, restore and re- drinking. install the second Khufu ship with the support of the Japan International Cooperation Authority.

The engraved decoration executed in several layers reflects the skill of Fatimid artisans. These panels were reused to decorate the huge architectural complex of sultan al-Mansûr Qalâwwûn on al- Mu’izz street in 684 AH/ 1285 AD. (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities launches a video tour for wooden panels dating back to Fatimid Period”, Egypt Today, May 1st, 2020).

- - The General supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum project and its surrounding area ‘Âtif Muftâh pointed out that the number

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Mai 2020 of pieces received by the museum — since the Japanese and Egyptian experts, and that the extraction of the first piece of wood from the work team has documented the assembly of ship in 2014 and until now — reached 1006 the pieces that have been raised, which would pieces, noting that after the completion of the assist in the assembly process. (Mustafa Marie, extracting work and moving all the pieces it “The Grand Egyptian Museum receives 42 will be re-assembled and displayed next to the pieces of Khufu’s second ship”, Egypt Today, first Khufu ship, after moving it from its current May 2, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, place of display in the archaeological area to « La mission japonaise annonce l’achèvement its new specialized building inside the des travaux de documentation de la deuxième museum. Muftâh further noted that the barque de Chéops », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 2 mai ; construction of the specialized building is ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « 42 pièces de la deuxième underway. barque de Chéops arrivent au GEM », al- Ahrâm, 2 mai ; « Arrivée au GEM de 42 pièces de la deuxième barque de Chéops », Sada al- Balad, 2 mai ; Amal Gamâl, « Le GEM réceptionne 42 pièces de la deuxième barque de Chéops », Watanî, 2 mai). - -

For his part, the Director General of Tiger nuts (hab al-‘aziz) Executive Affairs for Restoration at the Grand Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Egyptian Museum and supervisor of the will launch in May 2 its first video about the restoration of the second Khufu ship ‘Îsa history of cooking in Egypt to indulge in a Zaydân clarified that the team working on the taste that dates back thousands of years. ship has succeeded so far in extracting The first recipe will be about how to cook approximately 1272 pieces of wood, in Tiger nuts (hab al-’azîz), or chuffa, which were addition to a rare knife, as well as a pillar popular in ancient Egypt. made of copper. One of the walls of the tomb of Rekhmire Zaydân added that the restoration of 1,200 in Luxor, who was vizier during the reign of pieces was completed and a case report was Kings Thutmose III (c.1479–1425 BC) and made for each piece before being Amenhotep II (c.1427–1400 BC), bears scenes photographed using 3D imaging technology depicting cakes being baked using tiger nuts. and laser scanning, in addition to documentation with manual and photographic They show different elements in the drawings. process of baking these chuffa cakes, but they do not cover all the steps. For his part, Sakuji Yoshimura, president of the Japanese Higashi Nippon International Regardless, these vignettes are so detailed University and head of the second Khufu ship that, although no recipe in the strict sense of mission, said that the final concept of work of the word is written, we are today able to bake the second stage of the ship’s assembly is now this delicious dessert and taste it once again! being developed in cooperation with (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities will BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 155

Mai 2020 launch its first video about the history of the framework of the plan to showcase Egypt’s cooking in Egypt”, Egypt Today, May 2, 2020. unique civilization. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère The transportation was carried out by The du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie met en ligne Arab Contractors Osman Ahmed Osman & une nouvelle vidéo sur l’histoire de la Co. under the supervision of a team of cuisine », al-Ahrâm, 2 mai ; Islâm ‘Abd al- restorers and archaeologists from the Ma‘bûd, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de Supreme Council of Antiquities. (“Egypt’s four l’Archéologie met en ligne une vidéo sur ram-headed sphinxes placed at Tahrîr l’histoire de la cuisine », al-Shurûq, 2 mai ; Square”, Egypt Today, May 2, 2020. Voir Amal Gamâl, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de également Hind Mukhtâr, « Les quatre sphinx l’Archéologie met en ligne une nouvelle vidéo criocéphales arrivent place Tahrîr après leur sur l’histoire de la cuisine », Watanî, 16 mai). restauration », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 2 mai ; - - Hishâm Shawqî, « Les quatre sphinx criocéphales arrivent place Tahrîr après leur restauration », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 2 mai ; Nevine El-Aref, “Four ram-headed sphinxes arrive at Tahrîr Square for permanent exhibition following restoration”, Ahram Online, May 2 ; Muhammad Mitwallî, « Les quatre sphinx criocéphales transférés place Tahrîr », al-Watan, 2 mai ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie achève le transfert des quatre sphinx criocéphales vers la place Tahrîr après leur restauration », al-Ahrâm, 2 mai). - -

Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Dimanche 3 mai 2020 announced that the four ram-headed sphinxes have been transported to Tahrîr Square in central Cairo, after the completion of its restoration, lasted over the past few months. Dr. Mustafa Wazîrî, Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, said that two of the ram-headed sphinxes have been installed on its bases located beside the recently restored and erected obelisk in Tahrîr Square as part of its development project During excavation work carried out by the while the two other ram-headed sphinxes will Egyptian-German mission of the University of be erected in their location within the Tübingen, working at Saqqâra, a new burial upcoming hours. chamber was uncovered at the bottom of the communal burial shaft (30 m. deep) of the He added that the four ram-headed Mummification Workshop, discovered along sphinxes will be covered with wooden boxes with a large tomb complex with five burial until the official opening of the Tahrîr square chambers in 2018. development project, funded by the Ministry of Housing, Utilities, and Urban Communities, After more than a year of excavation and in coordination with Cairo Governorate, and documentation, the mission discovered the the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities within sixth burial chamber hidden behind a 2600- year-old stone wall. Dr. Mustafa Wazîrî, BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 156

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Secretary General of the Supreme Council of conducting a thorough study of the images in Antiquities announced adding that the newly order to identify the two extra organs. discovered chamber contained four wooden After studying the texts on the coffins and coffins in bad state of preservation. sarcophagi in the burial chambers, the mission identified priests and priestesses of a mysterious snake goddess, known as Niut- shaes. Indications are that the priests of Niut- shaes were buried together, and that she became a prominent goddess during Dynasty 26. Perhaps, she had a major temple in Memphis, the administrative capital of ancient Egypt.

Dr. Ramadân Badrî Husayn pointed out A priestess and a priest of Niut-shaes, who that one of the coffins belongs to a woman were buried in the same burial chamber, were called Didibastet. She was buried with six possibly Egyptianized immigrants. Their canopic jars, which contradicts the costume in names, Ayput and Tjanimit, were common ancient Egypt to embalm the lungs, stomach, among the Libyan community who settled in intestines, and the liver of the deceased, and Egypt from Dynasty 22 (ca. 943-716 BC) then to store them in four jars under the onward. protection of four gods, known as the Four Sons of Horus.

Ancient Egypt was a multicultural society that received immigrants from different parts The Mission examined the content of of the ancient world, including Greeks, Didibastet’s two extra canopic jars using a Libyans, and Phoenicians among others. computerized tomography (CT) scan, and the Dr. Ramadân Badrî said that the Mission preliminary analysis of the images indicates conducted non-invasive testing, called X-ray that the two jars contain human tissue. fluorescence, on the gilded silver mask, which Based on this result, there is a possibility was discovered on the face of the mummy of a that Didibastet had received a special form of priestess of the goddess Niut-shaes. This test mummification that preserved six organs of determined the purity of the mask’s silver at her body. The Mission’s radiologist is currently 99.07%, higher than Sterling Silver at 92.5%.

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This gilded silver mask is the first in Egypt cemetery at Saqqâra in the winter of 2020. since 1939, and the third of such masks to (Angy Essam, “Egypt announces new ever be found in Egypt. discoveries, studies at the Mummification Workshop Complex at Saqqâra”, Egypt An international team of archaeologists and Today, May 3, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al- chemists from the University of Tübingen, the Mahdî, « Mise au jour d’une nouvelle chambre University of Munich and the Egyptian funéraire dans l’atelier de momification à National Research Centre in Cairo carried out Saqqâra », al-Ahrâm, 3 mai ; Nevine El-Aref, chemical testing of the residue of oils and “New discoveries and studies from resins which were preserved in cups, bowls mummification workshop complex at and pots found in the mummification Saqqara”, Ahram Online, May 3; Muhammad workshop. al-Iskandarânî, « Chambre funéraire et Early results of these tests give a list of onguents : nouvelle découverte à Saqqâra », mummification substances, including bitumen Sada al-Balad, 3 mai ; Hishâm Shawqî, (tar), cedar oil, cedar resin, pistachio resin, « Découverte d’une nouvelle chambre beeswax, animal fat, and possibly olive oil and funéraire dans l’atelier de momification à juniper oil among others. The team is finalizing Saqqâra », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 4 mai). a report for scientific publication. - - "Mummification was essentially a business transaction between a person and an Lundi 4 mai 2020 embalmer, in which the embalmer was a professional, a priest and a business person. We learn from several papyri that there was a class of priests and embalmers who were paid to arrange for the funeral of a deceased including the mummification of her/his body and the purchase of a grave or a coffin." said Dr. Badrî, the Director of the mission of the

University of Tübingen at Saqqâra. Secretary-General of the Supreme Council In July 2018, Dr. Khâlid al-‘Inânî, the of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî, and Czech Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, Ambassador to Cairo Jan Fulík met on April 4 announced to the world the unprecedented to discuss the possibility of setting up an discovery of a mummification workshop exhibition of Egyptian antiquities at the complex at Saqqâra from Dynasty 26. It National Museum in Prague, Czech Republic. included a mummification workshop, an Embalmer’s cachette of pottery, and a The exhibition is set to run for a period of 4 communal burial shaft. This shaft is 30 m. months, from June 2020 to October 2020. deep and has six tombs. The meeting was attended by head of the The tombs contained ca. 54 mummies and Museums Sector Mu’min ‘Uthmân, who skeletons, five large sarcophagi, a dozen of explained that the exhibition will bear the calcite (Egyptian alabaster) canopic jars, name "Kings of the Sun" and will display 90 thousands of shabtis figurines, and a very rare artefacts from the discoveries of the Czech gilded silver mummy mask. archaeological mission working in Abûsîr archaeological site. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s This discovery was rated among the top 10 Council of Antiquities secretary general, Czech archaeological discoveries of 2018 by the ambassador discuss launching Egyptian Archaeology Magazine and Heritage Daily. Antiquities exhibition in Prague”, Egypt The Mission of the University of Tübingen Today, May 4, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al- will resume its full investigation of Dynasty 26 Mahdî, « Mustafa Wazîrî et l’ambassadeur de la République tchèque au Caire examinent la BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 158

Mai 2020 tenue d’une exposition archéologique new lecture entitled "Virtual Museums" set to égyptienne à Prague », al-Ahrâm, 3 mai ; be broadcast live on Facebook. Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Organisation Rândâ Ruphâ’îl, director general of the d’une exposition égyptienne à Prague », Sada Department, said that the lecture is given by al-Balad, 3 mai ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le secrétaire Muhammad Ismâ‘îl, deputy director of the général du CSA reçoit l’ambassadeur de la Heritage Documentation Center in Alexandria République tchèque au Caire », Watanî, 3 Library. She noted that some people may mai). resort to virtual museum visits instead of - - realistic visits to the museum, especially in the circumstances the world is going through to Le ministère du Tourisme et de prevent the spread of the novel Coronavirus. l’Archéologie a annoncé la disparition d’un fragment du bandeau rectangulaire en cuivre The lecture informs the public about the fixé sur les deux battants de la mosquée nature of virtual museum visits, their types, Gamâl al-Dîn al-Astâdâr, située à al- and the digital techniques used in them. Local Gamâliyya. Le président du secteur des and international examples of these museums antiquités islamiques et coptes, Dr Usâma will be presented. Tal‘at, a affirmé que cette pièce volée, qui The lecture can be followed on the official n’est pas archéologique, avait été rajoutée lors page of the department at 12 p.m. using the des derniers travaux de restauration. following link: Néanmoins, l’inspectorat d’al-Gamâliyya a https://www.facebook.com/events/231665784 pris toutes les mesures légales nécessaires, 760585/. afin de récupérer cette pièce volée. La This lecture comes within a series of mosquée Gamâl al-Dîn al-Astâdâr a été lectures organized by the Supreme Council of fondée en 1407. (Hishâm Shawqî, « Disparition Antiquities in many archaeological museums d’un fragment du bandeau en cuivre fixé sur broadcast live on Facebook, as part of the les deux battants de la mosquée Gamâl al-Dîn preventive measures taken by the ministry to al-Astâdâr », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 4 mai 2020. battle the novel coronavirus. (Mustafa Marie, Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, “Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities to « Disparition d’un fragment du bandeau en present lecture entitled ‘Virtual Museums’”, cuivre fixé sur les deux battants de la mosquée Egypt Today, May 4, 2020. Voir également Gamâl al-Dîn al-Astâdâr », Sada al-Balad, 4 Hishâm Shawqî, « Le CSA organise mercredi mai ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Disparition d’un une conférence sur les musées virtuels », al- fragment du bandeau en cuivre fixé sur les Masrî al-Yawm, 4 mai ; Muhammad al- deux battants de la mosquée Gamâl al-Dîn al- Iskandarânî, « Le CSA diffuse mercredi une Astâdâr », al-Ahrâm, 5 mai). conférence intitulée Les musées virtuels », - - Sada al-Balad, 4 mai ; Dînâ Sha‘bân, « Le CSA organise mercredi une nouvelle conférence sur les musées virtuels », al-Shurûq, 4 mai). - - Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie a entamé un projet de réaménagement de la rue al-Mu‘izz l-Dîn Allah al-Fâtîmî, située dans le quartier d’al- Gamâliyya. Le superviseur général du Historic

Cairo Rehabilitation Project (HCRP), général On May 6, the Central Department for de brigade Hishâm Samîr, a précisé que tous Scientific Affairs, Graphics and Training of the les travaux sont menés par le ministère de la Supreme Council of Antiquities will present a Production militaire.

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Mardi 5 mai 2020

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus highly affected the movement of tourism all over the world, mainly due to the cessation of the aviation movement and the prevention of gatherings as precautionary measures against the COVID-19 pandemic. The Egyptian Ministry of Tourism &

Photo : Fâdil Dâwwûd Antiquities has made full use of the tourism hiatus, preparing the open sites for visits once Le projet englobe l’éclairage de la rue et life returns to normal. des venelles, tout en préservant l’identité historique de la zone. ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Sa‘îd, general manager of antiquities sector in Aswân and Nubia, said, “Weekly, the ministry sanitizes all open areas in Aswân, with the continuation of morning and evening patrols, to prevent any attacks on the antiquities in any way.” "The restoration work is also carried out daily by a group of four or five individuals, taking all precautions, and wearing masks and gloves; all the suspended waste and dust is removed." “Also, that time will be used to maintain a number of tourism services in the region,” explained Sa‘îd. Sa‘îd further pointed out that all Egyptian missions in the western Aswân region and the Des spots dirigeables seront également Temple of Isis are continuing their work, but installés, afin de ressortir la splendeur des with a fewer number of workers, while taking façades et les détails architecturaux des precautionary measures, in accordance with édifices donnant sur la rue. (Hishâm Shawqî, the instructions of the Egyptian government to « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie battle COVID-19. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s entame le réaménagement de la rue al- Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities prepares Mu‘izz », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 4 mai 2020. Voir touristic sites in Aswân, Nubia for visits once également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, COVID-19 pandemic is over”, Egypt Today, « Modernisation de l’éclairage de la rue al- May 5, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, Mu‘izz », Sada al-Balad, 4 mai ; Dînâ Sha‘bân, « Travaux d’entretien de la zone « Lancement du projet de rénovation de archéologique d’Aswân durant la fermeture », l’éclairage de la rue al-Mu‘izz », al-Shurûq, 4 al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 5 mai). mai ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministère du Tourisme - - et de l’Archéologie commence un projet de rénovation de l’éclairage de la rue al-Mu‘izz », Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Watanî, 4 mai). organised a very special virtual tour in the famous Muhammad ‘Alî Mosque, standing

proudly on the highest point inside the Citadel - - of Saladin’s courtyard.

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première fois dans le Musée gréco-romain d’Alexandrie après son inauguration. Ce musée, le plus grand en Basse-Égypte, abritera une grande collection de pièces archéologiques exceptionnelles. Le scénario muséologique sera une belle surprise pour les visiteurs.

Muhammad ‘Alî Mosque The mosque was established by Muhammad ‘Alî Pasha who assumed the throne of Egypt in 1219 AH/ 1809 AD, through popular support. He died of a fatal illness on the 13th of Ramadan, 1265 AD/ August 2nd, 1849 AD, at the age of 81, and according to his will, he was buried in his mosque. (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities organizes a virtual tour in Le haut comité pour le musée, présidé par Muhammad ‘Alî Mosque”, Egypt Today, May Dr ‘Alî ‘Umar, a tenu récemment des réunions 5, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le intensives à la Société archéologique ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie d’Alexandrie, afin de discuter le scénario lance une visite virtuelle de la mosquée muséologique qui sera implanté dans le Muhammad ‘Alî à la citadelle », al-Masrî al- musée. Le ministre du Tourisme et de Yawm, 4 mai ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-’Inânî, avait « Visite virtuelle de la mosquée Muhammad annoncé que le Musée gréco-romain, dont le ‘Alî à la citadelle », Sada al-Balad, 4 mai ; coût de réaménagement s’élève à 356,5 Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Visite virtuelle de la mosquée millions de livres égyptiennes, sera inauguré Muhammad ‘Alî à la citadelle », Watanî, 4 en octobre 2020. mai).

- -

Mercredi 6 mai 2020

Grâce aux efforts de spécialistes égyptiens et étrangers, le scénario muséologique est

achevé à 98 %. Une salle imposante y sera dédiée à l’exposition d’une trentaine de Dr Muna Haggâg, membre de la pièces exceptionnelles façonnées en or et en commission ministérielle chargée de la argent, parmi lesquelles une statuette en muséologie du Musée gréco-romain argent de la déesse Aphrodite découverte à d’Alexandrie et présidente de la Société Tell Douch. archéologique d’Alexandrie, a révélé que le trésor en or découvert en 1989 à Douch dans l’oasis de Khârga sera exposé pour la BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 161

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Hundreds of artillery and coins and the remains of tools and equipment from Napoléon Bonaparte’s fleet have been lifted from the bay and placed in storage in the marine museum in the Ma‘mûra area, Fahmî said. Hatchery basins and the remains of shipwrecks that date from between the third century BC and the seventh century AD have

also been found and lifted from the bay, according to Fahmî. Après les salles du premier étage, l’aménagement de la mezzanine et de l’étage The remains of the cities of Heracleum and supérieur sont en cours. Sur les 50 000 pièces Canopus — complete residential que compte la collection du musée, près de neighbourhoods with their religious and social 20 000 pièces seront exposées dans 40 salles. aspects — and 68 boats were discovered in Parmi celles-ci figurent des antiquités sous- Abûqîr Bay, in addition to three other boats marines actuellement en exposition à discovered in other waters near Alexandria. l’étranger. (Ragab Ramadân, « Le trésor de Metal docks and anchors for boats, ornaments Douch exposé pour la première fois dans le and coins, and sculptures have been found, he Musée gréco-romain d’Alexandrie », al-Masrî said. “Egypt’s Antiquities Ministry launches al-Yawm, 6 mai 2020). online series on underwater antiquities”, - - Egypt Independent, May 6, 2020). - - Head of the Central Department of Underwater Antiquities Ihâb Fahmî announced the launch of a series titled “Antiquities and Information,” designed to increase archaeological awareness and acquaint both Egyptians and foreigners with Egypt’s underwater cultural heritage, especially in Alexandria. Fahmî told al-Masrî al-Yawm that the series will be published weekly in Arabic, English and

French, and will talk about the most important flooded monuments in Egypt. Le président du secteur des projets, Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ, a annoncé la poursuite des travaux The series will present pictures of artefacts de restauration et de réaménagement de la that have been lifted from underwater sites, wakâlat al-Gidâwî, située dans la ville d’Isnâ, and will provide information to citizens who tout en respectant les dispositifs sanitaires liés are stuck at home due to the current à la pandémie du Covid-19. coronavirus lockdown, according to Fahmî. He added that the series will be presented on the department’s official website, as well as on its Facebook and Instagram pages. The first episode will feature Abûqîr Bay, Alexandria, which has a long history. It will present photos of artefacts submerged in the bay such as the Napoléon Bonaparte fleet, as well as other artefacts, Fahmî added.

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Ce projet de restauration architecturale a nineteenth century, al-Fath Royal Mosque in été lancé il y a deux ans en coopération avec ‘Âbidîn (1041 AH/1631 AD). l’une des compagnies de ressuscitation du patrimoine. Les travaux englobent la rénovation des réseaux d’égout et d’eau potable, l’éclairage, ainsi que la réafectation du monument. La wakâlat al-Gidâwî souffrait du délabrement de sa façade principale, de la fissuration de ses murs, ainsi que d’un glissement de terrain.

Part of the virtual tour made in cooperation with the Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities and NAV3D company - Screenshot from tour To enjoy the tour, please use the URL below: https://mpembed.com/show/?m=qhjXLPRDvR w&mpu=497 Founder: Prince and Major-General ‘Âbidîn Bek Registration: Ministerial decree No. 10357 Wakâlat al-Gidâwî a été fondée par Hasan of 1951 AD Bek al-Gidâwî en 1712. Elle servait de centre General planning: It was built in the de commerce et d’échange de produits. Ottoman style and resembles the palace of (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère du Tourisme et Muhammad ‘Alî in its design. The main façade de l’Archéologie poursuit les travaux de opens onto Gâmi’ ‘Âbidîn Street. The street restauration et de réaménagement de la leads to a dogleg entrance which in turn wakâlat al-Gidâwî », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 mai grants access to the mosque. 2020. Voir également Muhammad ‘Abd al- Latîf, « Poursuite des travaux de restauration The mosque is composed of a wide de la wakâlat al-Gidâwî », al-Watan, 6 mai). square-shaped open space topped by a main - - dome surrounded by four half-domes along the four sides of the mosque two meters La Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités du above the floor. Fayyûm a mis en examen deux individus en Its marble panelling is painted, and it possession de 20 pièces archéologiques. Il features a marble minbar (pulpit), which is s’agit de : 16 pièces de monnaie, 2 scarabées oriented north-east, decorated with golden inscrits d’hiéroglyphes et 2 statuettes de 10 floral designs, near the mihrab (the niche cm de hauteur. Une instruction judiciaire a été marking the direction of prayer). ouverte. (Ashraf ‘Umrân, « Saisie de 20 pièces antiques en possession de deux individus dans The mosque also features a wooden seat le Fayyûm », al-Ahrâm, 6 mai 2020). for the Quran reciter, inlaid with ivory and - - pearl. Eight marble columns support a wooden dekka (platform) with two handrails and detailed grille designs. Jeudi 7 mai 2020 This virtual Tour is made in cooperation Enjoy the virtual tour for one of the most with the Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities and notable architectural projects dating to the NAV3D company. (“Enjoy the virtual tour for al-Fath Royal Mosque in ‘Âbidîn”, Egypt

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Today, May 7, 2020. Voir également Hishâm In coordination with the French Mission for Shawqî, « Visite virtuelle de la mosquée al- Excavations in Sân al-Hagar, supervision and Fath », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 7 mai ; ‘Umar al- implementation of this project has been Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de assigned to the Ministry of Antiquities and the l’Archéologie lance une visite virtuelle de la French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (Ifao), mosquée al-Fath », al-Ahrâm, 7 mai). benefiting from the experience of the Louvre - - Museum and many French scientific institutes, especially the University of Montpellier, the Interdisciplinary Center for Heritage Conservation and Restoration (CICRP), and the Cheops Archaeology Fund. The project is supported by the French Ministry of Culture. The project includes setting up an interpretation Center and providing instructions and facilities for visitors, in Head of the Central Department for addition to the restoration of the ancient door Engineering Affairs, Antiquities and Museum of Shoshenq III cemetery and other Projects Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ said the construction monuments on site and the protection of royal of the wall in Sân al-Hagar is underway within tombs against rain water. the development work that is taking place in The project also aims at preserving and the region. restoring the royal tombs, preparing the royal Abû al-‘Ilâ further stated that the tombs to receive visitors, and setting up instructions of the Egyptian government are informative signs on the site. being closely followed. The instructions that That is in addition to creating electronic stipulate reducing the number of workers and pages that provide data and archival pictures taking precautionary measures to prevent the of the various discoveries, and displays spread of the novel coronavirus, as masks and artefacts and different pieces discovered in gloves should be worn while working. the royal tombs, thanks to the QR codes Moreover, Abû al-‘Ilâ explained that the placed on the guide boards. construction of a wall around Sân al-Hagar It is worth mentioning that Heritage region aims at protecting the area in the first awareness training will be offered in Sân al- place and raising the efficiency of the region Hagar schools. (Mustafa Marie, “All you need — within the Egyptian-French project — and to know about Sân al-Hagar development after the approval of Europe and the foreign works”, Egypt Today, May 7, 2020. Voir affairs of France to finance the project. It also également Ahmad Mansûr, « Projet de comes as a prelude to preparing the site of réaménagement de Sân al-Hagar », al-Yawm the ancient city of Tanis in al-Sharqiyya al-Sâbi‘, 7 mai). Governorate to be an open museum. - - This project comes in light of the coordination protocols between the Egyptian Vendredi 8 mai 2020 and French sides, and within the framework of the efforts of the Ministry of Antiquities to The Supreme Council of Antiquities started raise the level of services in archaeological on Friday, May 8 renovating a group of ram- sites. The ministry attaches great importance headed sphinxes at Amun-Ra Temple at to the ancient city of Sân al-Hagar, in which Karnak Temple Complex in Luxor. French archaeological missions have been operating for nearly 90 years.

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bases. Also, the floor of these bases will be treated, protected from groundwater and returned to its original place.

A group of ram-headed sphinxes at Amun-Ra Temple at Karnak Temple Complex in Luxor.

It is worth mentioning that Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities previously announced that the four of the ram-headed sphinxes have been transported to Tahrîr Square in central Cairo, after the completion of its restoration, lasted over the past few months. (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities starts renovating ram-headed sphinxes in Luxor”, Egypt Today, May 8, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie commence la restauration des sphinx criocéphales situés The secretary general of the Supreme dernière le premier pylône du temple de council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî Karnak », al-Ahrâm, 8 mai ; Muhammad al- announced that the project includes Iskandarânî, « Restauration des sphinx rejuvenating 29 statues, which were in bad criocéphales du premier pylône du temple de condition. Karnak », Sada al-Balad, 8 mai). - -

Samedi 9 mai 2020

Le président du département des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives, Dr Usâma Tal‘at, a nommé Tahânî ‘Abdu Sâlim au poste de directrice générale du Centre de documentation des antiquités islamiques et coptes de la citadelle. (Muhammad al-

Iskandarânî, « Tahânî ‘Abdou Sâlim nommée directrice générale du Centre de Wazîrî further added that those statues documentation des antiquités islamiques et were wrongly renovated earlier at the coptes », Sada al-Balad, 9 mai 2020). beginning of the 70s. The restoration project will place these statues on high adjacent stone - -

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She pointed out that new cards and boards Dimanche 10 mai 2020 offering explanations on exhibits will be made, showing the locations and discovery dates of the exhibited artefacts. (“Egyptian Museum to re-open visitors under strict anti-coronavirus measures”, Daily News Egypt, May 10, 2020. Voir également MENA, « Application des mesures de recommandations sanitaires pour accueillir les visiteurs du Musée Égyptien », al- Ahrâm, 10 mai ; MENA, « Mise en place des recommandations sanitaires pour accueillir les Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, Director of the visiteurs du Musée Égyptien », Sada al-Balad, Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square, has 10 mai). revealed the museum will reopen to visitors - - after considering how to apply precautionary measures against the coronavirus (COVID-19). In a statement on Sunday, ‘Abd al-Râziq confirmed that some of the museum’s famous collection will be displayed in the rooms that once housed the royal mummies. A total of 22 mummies have already been transferred to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât, with the Egyptian Museum unlikely to display any further mummies in their place.

‘Abd al-Râziq added that most of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun’s treasures have Le directeur général des antiquités already been transferred to the Grand islamiques, coptes et juives d’Alexandrie et de Egyptian Museum (GEM) in Gîza. The la côte Nord, Muhammad Mitwallî, a annoncé remaining artefacts, including the pharaoh’s que près de 6 000 gros blocs de béton de famous golden mask, will be transported to différentes tailles ont été largués en mer dans the GEM just before its opening ceremony. le périmètre de la citadelle de Qâytbây. Il s’agit de cubes de béton de 3 tonnes et des In 2018, the Egyptian Museum started tétrapodes de 3, 10, 15 et 20 tonnes, destinés th showcasing monuments and artefacts of 18 à résister à la houle et aux vagues. À cela dynasty courtier Yuya and his wife Tjuyu, s’ajoute 60 000 tonnes de pierres provenant instead of Tutankhamun’s treasures, she de la carrière de Tora. added. Yuya was a powerful courtier under the Pharaoh Amenhotep III, while his wife Tjuyu was a noblewoman associated with the royal family. Their daughter, Tiye, became the of Amenhotep III and was Tutankhamun’s grandmother. ‘Abd al-Râziq added that museum officials are preparing a proposal to register the Egyptian Museum as a UNESCO World

Heritage site as one of the oldest museums in the Middle East. Ce projet, lancé en août 2018, doit durer 20 mois pour un coût de 235 millions livres égyptiennes. Cette somme est financée par le BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 166

Mai 2020 ministère des Ressources hydrauliques. Le narrated by guides. (“Tourism and Antiquities projet de protection de la citadelle consiste à Ministry takes viewers through Ancient Egypt’s installer un brise-lames de 520 m de long et forgotten past”, Daily News Egypt, May 11, une jetée en béton de 110 m de long. Ce 2020. Voir également Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s dispositif est censé protéger de l’érosion la Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities presents roche mère sur laquelle est édifiée la citadelle. ‘Forgotten Tales’”, Egypt Today, May 10). (Ragab Ramadân, « Achèvement de 40 % du - - projet de protection de la citadelle de Qâytbây », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 10 mai 2020. La directrice générale du Musée Égyptien Voir également Mahdî, « Achèvement de 40 % de Tahrîr, Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, a annoncé du projet de protection de la citadelle de qu’après le transfert des vingt-deux momies Qâytbây », al-Ahrâm, 10 mai). vers le NMEC, elles ne seront remplacées par - - aucune autre momie. La salle des momies royales sera dédiée à d’autres collections intéressantes parmi lesquelles les portraits du Lundi 11 mai 2020 Fayyûm. Les travaux de réaménagement sont en cours. (MENA, « ‘Abd al-Râziq : Les The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities will portraits du Fayyûm remplaceront les momies on 13 May launch a series of guided videos royales », al-Shurûq, 11 mai 2020). entitled “Forgotten Tales” on the heritage and history of Ancient Egypt. - - The series will be published on the official Mardi 12 mai 2020 Facebook page of the ministry’s Central Administration for Scientific Affairs, Graphics Enjoy a guided video tour for the first Key and Training. of the holy Ka’ba, made of copper inlaid with Director of Central Administration Randa silver. This video tour is brought to you by Rofael said the episodes will be presented by Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities. a variety of archaeologists and curators at This key belongs to the Mamluk sultan al- various museums, on Sundays and Ashraf Sha‘bân, it is considered to be the Wednesdays. During the episodes, they will oldest existing specimen ever seen for keys of explain the history of many archaeological the Ka’ba. sites. Verses from the part of the holy Quran is The videos aim to shed light and reveal inscribed on the key from Surat al-Fath as well unknown aspects of Egypt’s heritage and as the name and titles of sultan al-Ashraf history through a number of artefacts from Sha‘bân. It’s attributed to 765 AH /1363 -1364 across Egypt’s ancient history. AD. In April, the ministry launched virtual tours Thanks to Gîhân Nabîl Director of the of some archaeological sites and museums, Learning Center of the Grand Egyptian introducing the Ancient Egyptian civilisation to Museum and the tour guide Dînâ ‘Izz al-Dîn for people as they face lockdowns due to the volunteering. (“Enjoy a guided video tour for ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. the first key of the holy Ka’ba”, Egypt Today, The virtual tours, organised in cooperation May 12, 2020). with the ministry’s scientific and archaeological - - institute partners, could be accessed via the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities’ websites L’inspectorat d’al-Gamâliyya a récupéré and social networking platforms. mardi le fragment volé du bandeau rectangulaire en cuivre fixé sur les deux Whereas the virtual tours featured 3D battants de la mosquée Gamâl al-Dîn al- photos of archaeological sites with information Astâdâr. Le président du secteur des in Arabic and English, the video tours will be BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 167

Mai 2020 antiquités islamiques et coptes, Dr Usâma The content of the interactive films being Tal‘at, a précisé que le coupable a été prepared in cooperation with the Library of identifié et arrêté grâce aux caméras de Alexandria was also discussed, where an vidéosurveillance. Les restaurateurs s’occupent interactive panoramic movie [Culturama] is actuellement de refixer ce fragment dans son prepared on the capitals of Egypt throughout emplacement initial. (Hishâm Shawqî, the ages, from the oldest capital Memphis, to « Restitution du fragment volé du bandeau the New Administrative Capital. rectangulaire en cuivre fixé sur les deux It is worth noting that the museum at the battants de la mosquée Gamâl al-Dîn al- New Administrative Capital has received more Astâdâr », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 12 mai 2020. Voir than 550 artefacts. Also, the civil protection également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Récupération du work, the insurance system and surveillance fragment volé du bandeau rectangulaire en system are being completed. cuivre fixé sur la porte de la mosquée Gamâl al-Dîn al-Astâdâr », al-Ahrâm, 12 mai ; Most of the architectural work of the Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministère de museum’s building has been completed. l’Archéologie récupère le fragment volé du Interior lighting fixtures, statutory bases and bandeau rectangulaire en cuivre fixé sur la other fabrication work have begun. porte de la mosquée Gamâl al-Dîn al- Furthermore, work is under way to Astâdâr », Sada al-Balad, 12 mai). implement the detailed subdivisions of - - artefact collections according to the High Commission for Museums Scenarios. (Mustafa Jeudi 14 mai 2020 Marie, “Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Minister discusses latest developments of New Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Administrative Capital museum”, Egypt Khâlid al-‘Inânî, convened at the ministry’s Today, May 14, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar headquarters in Zamâlik with Mustafa Wazîrî, al-Mahdî, « al-‘Inânî organise une réunion du secretary general of the Supreme Council of suivi des travaux du musée de la nouvelle Antiquities. capitale administrative », al-Ahrâm, 14 mai ; MENA, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de Also, al-‘Inânî convened with Nevine Nizâr, l’Archéologie inspecte les derniers travaux du deputy minister for Museum Display Affairs, musée de la nouvelle capitale administrative », and Head of the Museums Sector Mu’min al-Shurûq, 14 mai). ‘Uthmân, for an update on the latest developments in the New Administrative - - Capital’s museum. Le président du secteur des musées, Nizâr stated that the developments of the Mu’min ‘Uthmân, a annoncé que le musée artefacts’ transport works were discussed in archéologique de Sharm al-Shaykh a preparation for the start of their exhibition in réceptionné 4 892 pièces antiques en accordance with the prepared museum display provenance de différents entrepôts et zones scenario. archéologiques : Mârînâ al-‘Alamayn, Ismâ‘îliyya, Banî Swayf, Kom Ombo, etc. Moreover, Nizâr further stated during the meeting that the installation of showcases and Le conseiller du ministre pour la screens for multimedia films is underway. muséographie, Dr Mahmûd Mabrûk, a précisé que parmi les pièces les importantes qui Also, preparations are being made for the seront exposées dans le musée figurent : les schematic models that will be included in the sarcophages interne et externe et les vases displays to portray each of the ancient canopes d’Isetemkheb, épouse de Pinedjem Egyptian capitals, in addition to the nature of II, ainsi que deux statues de Min et d’Horus residents, architecture, religious buildings and datant de la XXIe dynastie et découvertes à al- the most famous landmark of each city. Dayr al-Baharî. À cela s’ajoutent une tête

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Mai 2020 d’Hatchepsout découverte en 1926 dans son early 1970s at the time of creating the sound temple funéraire et une collection de tanagra. and light project for Karnak Temples. (Ridâ al-Husarî, « 4 892 pièces archéologiques These rams were restored and raised on a arrivent au musée de Sharm al-Shaykh », al- layer of modern reed covered with cement Shurûq, 14 mai 2020). mortar, red bricks and small pieces of stones, - - which negatively affected the rams and allowed groundwater to leak into its lower Dimanche 17 mai 2020 parts, eventually accessing the original stone bases. This led to the conversion of some of its parts into sand powder and some parts of the rams got separated as a result. Head of the Karnak Temples Restoration Department Sa‘dî Zakî said that 29 ram statues are located on a high surface water area, and that previous restoration works led to the absorption of this salt-laden water, which helped to break the bonds of the grains in the

sandstone and completely separate the bottom part, in addition to the growth of The Supreme Council of Antiquities weeds and fungi inside the stone. launched the largest restoration project in 50 years. It is the restoration of the ram statues behind the first edifice of the Temple of Amun-Ra at Luxor’s Karnak temples. Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî explained that this restoration project started after transferring four of the Ram statues to Tahrîr Square. It was found while transferring the four statues that these rams are in a poor state of conservation, and have lost some of its parts. He noted that the restoration work Immediately, the decision of the Egyptian included documentation by photography and Antiquities Permanent Committee at the drawing, to show the damage found on the Supreme Council of Antiquities was issued to rams. This will then be followed by transferring launch a comprehensive restoration project for the rams one by one on flat pillows to start the the statues. intense restoration procedures. These procedures begin with the mechanical restoration and cleaning works to remove dust, followed by strengthening operations using the internationally recognized materials designated for strengthening weak parts of statues. As for larger parts that are in need of restoration,

stainless steel is used to assemble them. Wazîrî further explained that the immediate reason for the poor state of reservation of the The restoration of three rams has now been rams is that they were exposed to faulty completed and work is still underway, restoration with inappropriate materials in the according to Zakî. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 169

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Supreme Council of Antiquities launches al-‘Inânî was accompanied by Secretary restoration project of Amun-Ra Temple Ram General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities statues”, Egypt Today, May 17, 2020. Voir Mustafa Wazîrî, General Supervisor of the également Muhammad al-Samkûrî, « Poursuite museum Ahmad al-Shirbînî, Assistant Minister des travaux de restauration des sphinx for Engineering Affairs Hishâm Samîr and criocéphales de Karnak », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 16 Ahmad ‘Ubayd, the assistant minister for the mai ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « La restauration Minister’s Office Sector Affairs. des sphinx criocéphales du Ier pylône de The tour included the museum’s main hall Karnak est le projet le plus important depuis 5 and its museum display scenario, the mummy décennies », al-Shurûq, 16 mai ; Amal Gamâl, hall and the museum’s panorama overlooking « La restauration des sphinx criocéphales du Ier ‘Ayn al-Sîra Lake. al-‘Inânî instructed that all pylône de Karnak est le projet le plus planned work should be completed with the important depuis 5 décennies », Watanî, 16 highest efficiency. mai ; “Renovation work at Karnak Temple continues for 29 ram statues”, Egypt It is worth noting that the Museum of Independent, May 17). Egyptian Civilization in Fustât is one of the - - most significant projects carried out in cooperation with UNESCO, and is designed to become one of the largest museums of civilization in Egypt and the Middle East.

Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî visited the various halls of the

National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) in Fustât. This is to determine the The museum presents all the aspects of the construction developments in the project and Egyptian civilization from prehistoric times to its work plan during the current period, in the present. The museum’s various preparation for its opening soon. archaeological collections highlight the Egyptian material and moral heritage through showcasing traditional arts and crafts. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Minister follows up on NMEC in preparation for its opening”, Egypt Today, May 17, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie inspecte les salles du NMEC en prévision de son inauguration », al-Masrî al- Yawm, 17 mai ; « al-‘Inânî inspecte le NMEC », al-Ahrâm, 17 mai ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte les salles du NMEC à Fustât », Sada al-Balad, 17 mai ; Amal Gamâl, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte les salles du NMEC à Fustât », Watanî, 17 mai). - - BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 170

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hundreds of important artefacts; the Grand Lundi 18 mai 2020 Egyptian Museum is expected to be the largest museum in the world. GEM is scheduled to contain more than 100,000 artefacts from the Pharaonic, Greek and Roman eras, and is expected to be visited by over 5 million visitors annually. That is in addition to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât, which is scheduled to contain more than 50 thousand

items. It was decided that its holdings would Archaeologists celebrate the International be displayed in a permanent major exhibition, Museum Day every year on May 18. and six other exhibitions dealing with According to the Council of Museums, the civilization, the Nile, writing, the state, society, purpose of the celebration is to allow museum culture, beliefs, ideas, in addition to the professionals to communicate with the public exhibition of royal mummies. and raise their awareness of the challenges Last but not least, there is an exhibition facing museums in the world. that aims to introduce the development of The Central Agency for Public Mobilization Egyptian crafts, exhibiting about 420 artefacts. and Statistics showed, within the booklet (Mustafa Marie, “All you need to know about "Egypt in Figures" for the year 2018, that the Egyptian Museums in Int. Museum Day”, total number of museums in Egypt is 72, Egypt Today, May 18, 2020. Voir également distributed over 19 governorates, and « La pandémie du Coronavirus n’a pas including 34 archaeological and regional empêché l’Égypte de développer ses museums. musées », al-Shurûq, 18 mai ; Muhammad al- Iskandarânî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de The report stated that during 2016, about l’Archéologie adresse un message à l’occasion 9.643 million people visited these museums, de la Journée internationale des musées », pointing out that the most visited museums Sada al-Balad, 18 mai). are the museums of Cairo and Gîza, as there are 24 museums in Cairo, visited by about 5 - - million visitors in 2016, and there are nine museums in Gîza, visited by 3.4 million visitors. Fayyûm and Suhâg have the lowest number of museums, where there is only one museum in each of the two governorates, followed by the New Valley Governorate, which has 3 museums. Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities The Central Agency for Public Mobilization will organise an exclusive tour at the historic and Statistics, based on data issued by the Gayer-Anderson Museum (Bayt al-Kritliyya) in finance sector in the Egyptian Ministry of celebration of the International Museum Day Antiquities, said that the total revenues of held annually on May 18. archaeological, historical and regional The theme for International Museum Day museums amounted to L.E 169.021 million in 2020 is "Museums for Equality: Diversity and 2018 compared to L.E 99.133 million in 2017, Inclusion". with an increase of 70.5 percent. According to the International Council of The largest existing museum is the Museums’ official website, the aim of this Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, which contains

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Mai 2020 year’s theme is to celebrate the diversity of viewpoints and overcome bias. Egypt presents to the world 26 museums that are available to visit, out of a total of 34 museums nationwide. Museums are an important component of Egypt’s soft power, as they are considered educational, cultural and entertainment institutions. Gayer Anderson is one of the hidden treasures in the historical part of Cairo, and is Oxyrhynchus is considered one of the most located near Ahmad Ibn Tûlûn Mosque. (Angy important archaeological sites ever discovered Essam, “Egypt celebrates International in Egypt, and has yielded an enormous Museum Day with exclusive tour at Gayer- collection of papyri dating from the Ptolemaic Anderson Museum”, Egypt Today, May 18, Kingdom and . 2020. Voir également Muhammad al- Iskandarânî, « Visite virtuelle du musée Gayer- Anderson », Sada al-Balad, 18 mai ; « Le ministère de l’Archéologie lance une visite virtuelle du musée Gayer-Anderson », al- Watan, 18 mai ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie lance une visite virtuelle du musée Gayer-Anderson », Watanî, 18 mai).

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It has been estimated that over 70% of all the literary papyri so far discovered in Egypt come from Oxyrhynchus. These include copies of well-known standard works and previously unknown works by the greatest authors of antiquity. The new discovery, however, shows that there remain many secrets that have not been revealed yet in Bahnasâ. A unique cemetery dating back to the Late Esther Ponce, Head of the joint mission, Ancient Egyptian period has been discovered said that the excavations showed eight at the site of ancient Oxyrhynchus, or modern Roman-era tombs with domed and unmarked day Bahnasâ in Minyâ Governorate. The roofs. Inside the tombs, the archaeologists discovery was made by an Egyptian-Spanish found many Roman tombstones, bronze coins, archaeological mission affiliated to the small crosses, and clay seals. University of Barcelona. Mustafa Wazîrî, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, said the cemetery is unique, and is in a style that has not been discovered before.

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Mardi 19 mai 2020

The Grand Egyptian Museum received a collection of 346 artefacts from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square, the most important of which are the ten statues of King Senusret I. General Supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum and its surrounding area ‘Âtif Muftâh confirmed that the statues of King Senusert I were put in the grand foyer, in preparation for placing them at their permanent place in the museum.

The cemetery dates back to Ancient Egypt’s late period, between 664 BC and 332 BC, in what is also called the al-Sâwî era. This followed a period of foreign rule by the Nubian 25th Dynasty, and begin with a short period of Neo-Assyrian suzerainty, when the 26th Dynasty head by Psamtik I initially ruled as Assyrian vassal prince of Sais city. (Bassant Mohammed, “Unique late Ancient Egyptian cemetery discovered in Minyâ Governorate”,

Daily News Egypt, May 18, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « La mission Director General of Antiquities Affairs at espagnole découvre une tombe the Grand Egyptian Museum al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs exceptionnelle et des monnaies en bronze à explained that the statues of King Senusert I al-Bahnasâ », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 17 mai ; ‘Umar had been unearthed in 1894 at a crater in the al-Mahdî, « Mise au jour d’une tombe funerary temple of King Senusert I. exceptionnelle à al-Bahnasâ », al-Ahrâm, 17 mai ; Mustafa Marie, “Egyptian-Spanish The statues are made of limestone and archaeological mission uncovers unique were transferred to the Egyptian Museum in cemetery in al-Bahnasâ”, Egypt Today, May Tahrîr in 1895. The statues depict young King 17 ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Découverte Senusert I sitting on the throne. d’une tombe exceptionnelle datant de ‘Abbâs added that one of the most l’époque saïte », Sada al-Balad, 17 mai ; Islâm important pieces that GEM received today is ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « La mission égypto- the seven oils rectangular plate that was used espagnole annonce la découverte d’une in burial rituals. tombe exceptionnelle datant de l’époque The plate has inscriptions in black and saïte », al-Shurûq, 17 mai). seven oval-shaped holes, in addition to an - - offerings table made of limestone; on this BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 173

Mai 2020 table, there are three cartridges of kings of Mahdî, « Le GEM réceptionne 346 pièces Senefru, Djedefre and Khufu. archéologiques dont des statues de Sésostris Ier », al-Ahrâm, 19 mai ; “Grand Museum Director of the Department of Restoring receives 346 artefacts from Old, Middle and Transferring Antiquities at the Grand Kingdoms”, Daily News Egypt, May 19 ; Islâm Egyptian Museum ‘Îsa Zaydân said that the ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « 346 pièces archéologiques transportation team was keen on arrivent au GEM », al-Shurûq, 19 mai ; Sanâ’ documenting, packaging and securing the Fârûq, « Des statues de Sésostris Ier arrivent au pieces using internationally recognized GEM », Watanî, 19 mai). scientific methods. - -

Prime Minister Mustafa Madbûlî and Tourism and Antiquities Minister Khâlid al- ‘Inânî inspected the final touches of Tahrîr Square’s developmental work on Tuesday, according to an official statement.

He indicated that the transferred artefacts were scientifically documented and the team prepared a case report for each statue in addition to packaging each statue separately inside an L-shaped box lined with reinforced foam, supporting it with straps to prevent any damage that may occur during the transfer process.

Zaydân added that a statue of Akhethotep that has a layer of coloured plaster was also They first examined renovations at the moved in addition to another statue of wood Egyptian Museum, which included the garden for a lady from the old kingdom. The wooden and the fountain located in front of the sculptures were placed in the wood factory in museum as well as the lighting system at the preparation for the restoration and museum’s facades and the external walls. maintenance work before display when the museum opens. (Angy Essam, “Grand Madbûlî then walked through Tahrîr Square Egyptian Museum receives 346 artefacts for a close look at the finalized restoration including 10 statues of King Senusret I”, Egypt work. Today, May 19, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Lighting systems for all buildings Shawqî, « Des statues de Sésostris Ier arrivent overlooking the square have been renovated, au GEM », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 19 mai ; ‘Umar al- with Madbûlî stressing the need to hire a

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Palm trees were planted and seats were The Prime Minister then listened to a installed around the square, while the colours detailed explanation about the project from and banners of the square’s shops were al-‘Inânî, who said that the development standardized. project included the installation and Slopes on sidewalks were added to restoration of the King Ramses II obelisk, facilitate the movement of people with special relocated from its original place in al-Sharqiyya needs, as pedestrian paths and sidewalks were Governorate to Tahrîr Square. restored. Bicycle parking areas have been provided as part of a pilot project for the use of bicycles in downtown Cairo, the statement added.

Through the Tahrîr Square development project, the state is seeking to highlight the At 19 meters long and weighing 90 tons, unique treasures of Egyptian civilization and this distinct obelisk made out of pink granite aims to place the square among Cairo’s tourist stone is distinguished by carvings of King attractions. “Prime Minister, Tourism minister Ramses II standing in front a deity, with his inspect Tahrîr Square’s renovations”, Egypt many titles written on it. Independent, May 19, 2020. Voir également To provide a pharaonic feel to the square, « Le Premier ministre inspecte les travaux de al-‘Inânî said that four ram statues were réaménagement de la place Tahrîr et du installed next to the obelisk. Musée Égyptien », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 17 mai ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Essais préliminaires Visual clutter has been removed, mainly d’éclairage de la place Tahrîr », al-Yawm al- advertisements that were above the façades of Sâbi‘, 22 mai ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « La place Tahrîr all the buildings. The statement added that s’embellit », Watanî, 25 mai). the facades were painted and restored to commensurate Khedive Cairo’s historical - - value. BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 175

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helped ancient Egyptians overcome this Jeudi 21 mai 2020 epidemic. (Mustafa Marie, “Hawwâs searches for tombs of Nefertiti, Imhotep”, Egypt Today, May 21, 2020. Voir également MENA, « Zâhî Hawwâs : Nous recherchons les tombes de Néfertiti à Louqsor et d’Imhotep à Saqqâra », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 21 mai ; Muhammad al- Iskandarânî, « Zâhî Hawwâs au CNN : Nous recherchons les tombes de Néfertiti à Louqsor et d’Imhotep à Saqqâra », Sada al-Balad, 21 mai ; MENA, « Zâhî Hawwâs : Nous

recherchons les tombes de Néfertiti à Louqsor Egyptologist Zâhî Hawwâs said that he is et d’Imhotep à Saqqâra », al-Ahrâm, 21 mai). currently searching with his team for the tomb of Queen Nefertiti in Luxor and the cemetery - - of the architect Imhotep in Saqqâra. In a statement made to CNN, Hawwâs added that he succeeded in achieving important discoveries in Luxor’s Valley of the Apes in 2019, most notably the discovery of the KV65 cemetery, and more than 30 workshops in an integrated industrial area serving the construction of the tombs of the Valley of the Kings, next to a tank used to store water in the same valley.

In regards to epidemics that spread during Le gouvernorat de Banî Swayf a éclairé the time of the ancient Egyptians, Hawwâs jeudi matin la pyramide de Maydûm avec le explained that there were two types of slogan « Stay at Home ». Le gouverneur de epidemics in ancient Egypt; the first type Banî Swayf, Dr Muhammad Hânî Ghunaym, a spread in Amarna, which is the city where effectué une tournée d’inspection de la Akhenaten lived, noting that King pyramide dans le cadre d’un plan de Tutankhamun died of malaria, and this was réaménagement en cours visant à améliorer discovered by an Egyptologist who confirmed les capacités d’accueil de cette zone. (‘Umar that malaria was the main cause of death of 70 al-Shaykh, « La pyramide de Maydûm éclairée percent of those who lived in Tell al-Amarna. avec le slogan Stay at Home », al-Masrî al- Hawwâs further explained that the second Yawm, 21 mai 2020). type of epidemic was the plague, which - - spread to all existing civilizations, and continued for a long time. Vendredi 22 mai 2020 Renowned Egyptologist Hawwâs noted that a state of terror prevailed at the time of UNESCO chooses Egyptian Museum in this epidemic as people of various nations Tahrîr as the most influential museum in Africa were hit in large numbers. because the official Twitter account of the Egyptian Museum claimed the second rank as Hawwâs emphasized that the ancient the most influential Twitter official account for Egyptians managed to overcome the plague, an African museum. noting that the ancient Egyptians followed strict precautionary measures, and ate healthy Director of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr foods like onions, garlic and foods that boost Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq said this selection immunity. He stressed that these measures occurred in the annual initiative of the BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 176

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Museum Week under the auspices of taking all the necessary precautions to battle UNESCO. Museum Week is an international the virus. festival organised by cultural institutions on Among these projects are extracting and social media. restoring the wooden pieces of the second Museum Week initiative’s official page ship of Khufu as well as transferring it to the congratulated the Egyptian Museum over such Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM). great performance. Head of Khufu’s second ship restoration In 2015, the UNESCO General Conference project ‘Îsa Zaydân said that the restoration adopted the Recommendation concerning the work is underway inside the second ship, while Protection and Promotion of Museums and adhering to all the directions of the Egyptian Collections, their Diversity and their Role in government to reduce the number of Society. employees, in addition to sanitizing the site on a daily basis. UNESCO always believes that museums play key role in spreading the values of As for the number of pieces that have so heritage, diversity and intercultural far been extracted from Khufu’s second ship, conversation. Zaydân stated that the team working on the ship has succeeded in extracting 1272 pieces The main theme of this fifth edition of of wood, in addition to a knife and a pillar #MuseumWeek was "life in society". made of copper. The fifth edition which was held from April Furthermore, Zaydân explained that 1200 23 to 29 focused on the values of tolerance pieces have been restored since the extraction and citizenship. of the woodblocks. A case report has been The event aims to support the digital made for each piece. environment, which is often controlled by Each extracted piece has been intolerance, with the cultural, artistic, technical, photographed using the 3D imaging and scientific content promoted by museums. technology and laser scanning, in addition to The principle of the event is simple: around manual and photographic drawing. the formula "7 days, 7 themes, 7 hashtags", Zaydân added that the Grand Egyptian museums, galleries, archive centers, libraries Museum received 1006 pieces of wood, since and other cultural institutions around the the beginning of the extraction of the first world, celebrate Culture, art and science with piece of wood from the boat in 2014. their public on social networks. (“UNESCO chooses Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr as the Additionally, he emphasized that after most influential museum in Africa”, Egypt moving all the extracted pieces from the Today, May 22, 2020. Voir également Hishâm second ship, the pieces will be re-assembled Shawqî, « Le Musée Égyptien élu deuxième and displayed next to the first ship, in a musée le plus influent en Afrique », al-Masrî al- specialized location inside the Grand Egyptian Yawm, 22 mai ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le Musée Museum. (Mustafa Marie, “Grand Egyptian Égyptien élu parmi les musées les plus Museum receives 1006 pieces of Khufu’s influents sur le continent africain », al-Ahrâm, second ship”, Egypt Today, May 27, 2020). 22 mai). - - - - Jeudi 28 mai 2020 Mercredi 27 mai 2020 Since the spread of COVID-19 pandemic, Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, Egypt’s Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is working has closed all open archaeological sites, as a on completing archaeological projects, while means to combat the epidemic.

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Recently, some countries have begun to reopen a number of archaeological sites, which raises the question: what will be the upcoming situation in Egypt? Director of the Pyramids Archaeological Zone Ashraf Muhyî al-Dîn clarified the plan for the area once it is reopened for visitors, to combat the spread of the virus.

Muhyî al-Dîn said that if the state takes a The hall shows several of the golden king’ decision to reopen the archaeological treasures collection uncovered inside his tomb Pyramids’ area for visits, all precautionary at Luxor’s Valley of the Kings. Among the most measures in accordance with the state’s significant objects on display are the Gold instructions will be applied to prevent the Mask, the innermost coffin, made of solid spread of the virus; masks and gloves will be gold, the middle coffin and the gold worn by both visitors and workers in the coffinettes for his internal organs. (Nevine El- archaeological area. Aref, “Tutankhamun’s treasures exhibited in Furthermore, Muhyî al-Dîn stated that the virtual tour”, Ahram Online, May 28, 2020. temperature of all visitors will be measured Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère before entering, and the area will be sanitized du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie met en ligne daily. une nouvelle visite virtuelle des pièces de Toutankhamon », al-Ahrâm, 28 mai ; Muhyî al-Dîn added that it is possible to Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministère du reduce the number of visitors to the area to Tourisme et de l’Archéologie lance une apply social distancing in a precise manner nouvelle visite virtuelle des pièces de and avoid crowding. Toutankhamon », Sada al-Balad, 28 mai ; The head of the Pyramids Archaeological “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Zone further pointed out that it is also possible organizes a virtual tour for Tutankhamun’s that closed places, such as ancient graves, hall”, Egypt Today, May 29). may not be opened for visits at the first stage - - of re-opening touristic sites. Moreover, Muhyî al-Dîn explained that if Vendredi 29 mai 2020 the graves start to open gradually for visits, the number of visitors will be reduced by 25 percent, stressing that the decision to reopen the archaeological areas and museums is based on the state decisions. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities plan after archaeological sites re-open”, Egypt Today, May 28, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « En cas de réouverture du plateau de Gîza, quel est le plan du ministère de l’Archéologie ? », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 28 mai). - - The treasury hall of King Tutankhamun at the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr is the new virtual tour launched today by the Ministry of

Tourism and Antiquities social Media platforms.

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L’exposition de Toutankhamon a été un collection of museums and archaeological franc succès en France. Avec 1 423 170 sites in Egypt launched by the Ministry of visiteurs, elle a pulvérisé tous les records Tourism and Antiquities, on its social media d’affluence. Ensuite, l’exposition a été platforms. transférée à la galerie Saatchi à Londres qui Ambassador Ahmad Abû Zayd, the espérait dépasser ce succès. Seulement voilà, Egyptian ambassador in Canada, explains that à cause de la pandémie du Covid-19 et de virtual tours for 14 archaeological sites all over l’état d’urgence, l’exposition, inaugurée le 1er Egypt were carefully chosen in order to show novembre 2019, a été suspendue. Une visite the diversity of the Egyptian civilization. virtuelle a été mise à la disposition du public, afin qu’il puisse quand même admirer les 150 These tours were sent to the members of pièces appartenant à la tombe de Canadian Parliament and Senate, as well as Toutankhamon, dont 60 pièces sorties members of the Canadian government and d’Égypte pour la première fois. the ambassadors of different countries in Canada, in addition to the Egyptian La question qui se pose à présent : le community. Royaume-Uni pourrait-il demander la prolongation de cette exposition qui devait The tours will provide to Canadians the s’achever ce mois-ci ? C’est peu probable, car opportunity enjoying those virtual visits during les pièces sont attendues au Grand Musée their confinement as well as encouraging them Égyptien pour y être définitivement exposées. to visit Egypt soon after the return of tourism Autre question : le Royaume-Uni pourrait-il traffic to its regular movement . exiger une compensation financière à cause The tours include the tomb of Meresankh du manque à gagner dû à la suspension de III, the tomb of Menna, the Ben Ezra l’exposition ? Là aussi, la réponse est non, car Synagogue, the Red monastery and other les raisons de cette suspension sont sites. (“Egyptian embassy in Canada promotes totalement indépendantes du monde entier. cultural touristic destinations in Egypt”, Egypt (Ahmad Mansûr, « La suspension de Today, May 30, 2020. Voir également Nevine l’exposition de Toutankhamon a-t-elle porté El-Aref, “Egyptian Embassy in Canada invited préjudice à Londres ? », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 29 Canadians to a virtual 3D journey across mai 2020). Egypt”, Ahram Online, May 29). - - Samedi 30 mai 2020 - The Egyptian embassy in Canada is promoting cultural touristic destinations in - - Egypt through inviting all Canadians to watch, - during their confinement, virtual tours for a

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l’Archéologie met en ligne une nouvelle visite Lundi 1er juin 2020 virtuelle de l’église Abû Sirga », Sada al-Balad, 1er juin ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie met en ligne une nouvelle visite virtuelle de l’église Abû Sirga », Watanî, 1er juin). - -

Abû Sirga Church - Screenshot from virtual tour Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is launching a new virtual tour of the Church of

Saints Sergius and Bacchus known as Abû Sirga Church. Le directeur du temple de Louqsor, Ahmad To enjoy the tour, use the following URL: ‘Urâbî, a annoncé la poursuite des travaux de https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=PfNu1R restauration dans la chapelle d’Alexandre le DRbZf Grand. Le nettoyage et la restauration minutieuse des parois Nord et Est viennent de s’achever, ainsi que les peintures murales. Le retrait de la poussière accumulée et des déjections des oiseaux et des chauves-souris a révélé toute la splendeur des gravures colorées. Les travaux de restauration à l’intérieur de la chapelle se poursuivront durant un an.

Abû Sirga Church - Screenshot from virtual tour That church has a special place among the rest of the Coptic churches. This is because it is related to the journey of the Holy Family in Egypt. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities presents virtual tour of Abû Sirga Church”, Egypt Today, June 1st, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie lance une visite virtuelle de l’église Abû Sirga », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 1er juin ; « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie met en ligne une visite virtuelle de l’église Abû er Sirga », al-Ahrâm, 1 juin ; Muhammad al- De son côté, le directeur général de la Iskandarânî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de restauration du temple de Louqsor et du BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 180

Juin 2020 dromos, Muhammad Husayn, a révélé que les move and lift the boats without affecting the restaurations entreprises englobent le body of the wooden boats. nettoyage et la consolidation de la paroi Est Director General of the Egyptian Museum de la chapelle reposoir et du saint des saints, in Tahrîr Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq previously la fixation des reliefs colorés et le retrait de la clarified that transferring artifacts to the Grand poussière et de la suie qui recouvraient les Egyptian Museum, Sharm al-Shaykh Museum murs et les différentes inscriptions. (Ahmad and the National Museum of Egyptian Mansûr, « Poursuite des restaurations de la Civilization is ongoing using the latest chapelle d’Alexandre le Grand à Louqsor », al- scientific methods in order to protect the Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 1er juin 2020). artifacts from any damages. - - Head of the Central Department for Engineering Affairs, Antiquities and Museum Mardi 2 juin 2020 Projects Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ previously noted that works in the museum has been resumed since Sharm al-Shaykh Museum received three September 2018, after a hiatus of about 8 large artefacts from the Egyptian Museum in years, precisely in the aftermath of the January Tahrîr, in preparation for its opening soon. 2011 revolution, due to the lack of the necessary funds. (Angy Essam, “Sharm al- Shaykh Museum receives King Senusret III boats from Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr”, Egypt Today, June 2, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « En prévision de son inauguration, le musée de Sharm al- Shaykh reçoit 3 grandes pièces archéologiques », Sada al-Balad, 2 juin ; Umar al-Mahdî, « Le musée de Sharm al-Shaykh réceptionne 3 grandes pièces archéologiques

en provenance du Musée Égyptien », al- The three large artefacts are the two Ahrâm, 2 juin ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Transfert de 3 wooden boats of Dahshûr and a statue of grandes pièces archéologiques du Musée baboon standing in the praise of the sunrise; Égyptien vers le musée de Sharm al-Shaykh », each boat is more than 10 meters long and 2.3 Watanî, 2 juin). meters wide. - - The boats belong to King Senusret III from the Middle Kingdom; they are set to be shown inside a hall designated for them inside Sharm al-Shaykh Museum. Mu’min ‘Uthmân, head of the museums sector, explained that these boats were discovered next to the pyramid of King Senusret III in Dahshûr, and they were transferred to the Egyptian Museum to be re- Part of the seized items - ET installed and displayed. Egypt’s Tourism and Antiquities Police in The boats were transferred using the latest Minyâ seized 374 artifacts inside the house of scientific methods to ensure their safety, a young man residing in the village of Abû where the vehicles were transported using a Bisht in Maghâgha. metal chassis made of stainless steel to easily

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The seized items included necklaces, cm in length, dating back to the Late statues, scarabs, copper coins, as well as Kingdom. amulets of ancient Egyptian deities and sacred The man was taken into custody for further animals dating back to numerous eras. investigations as to how he had access to such Assistant Minister of Interior for the rare and precious artifacts. (Mustafa Marie, Tourism and Antiquities Police Rida al-‘Umda “Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Police in Minyâ received intelligence from Assistant Director of seize 374 artifacts”, Egypt Today, June 2, the Tourism and Antiquities Police 2020. Voir également Francis, « Saisie de 374 Muhammad ‘Abd al-Zâhir that information has pièces antiques au domicile d’un jeune been received about a person in Abû Bisht homme à Minyâ », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 2 juin). who possesses various antiques belonging to - - different ages. A police force was formed under the supervision of Director of the Tourism and Antiquities Investigation Department Midhat Muntasir. Investigations found the information to be correct. Permission was then obtained from the Public Prosecution, to search the defendant’s house, Ahmad F-H, 26, who has a bachelor’s degree in law. Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa A black granite scarab was seized with the Wazîrî and Chief Executive Officer of the Sovereign Fund of Egypt Ayman Sulaymân sign the contract in the presence of Minister of title of King Tutankhamun, in addition to 25 Planning Hâla al-Sa‘îd and Minister of Tourism and Antiquities amulets for ancient Egyptian deities and some Khâlid al-‘Inânî. sacred animals from the Middle Kingdom of The Supreme Council of Antiquities and th the 17 region. the Sovereign Fund of Egypt signed on A 3-cm-tall limestone statue of a child from Tuesday a contract to develop and manage the Greek era was also seized, in addition to a the provision of services to visitors of the Bâb 25-cm-tall wooden statue for the god Horus, al-‘Azab area of Salâh al-Dîn al-Ayyûbî’s dating back to the Pharaonic times. historic Citadel. The Council will solely manage the historic site while the Fund will manage the operations and services in the Bâb al-‘Azab site, which reflects the new collaboration between the two parties to revive the area and increase its historical and economic value. The contract was signed by Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî and CEO of the Sovereign Fund of Egypt Ayman Sulaymân. The signing

was attended by Minister of Planning and Furthermore, a necklace made in the form Economic Development Hâla al-Sa‘îd, the of a lion was seized, as well as a pendant with chairman of the board of the Sovereign Fund a bunch of beads and 3 medium-sized lamp of Egypt, and Minister of Tourism and potteries dating back to the Greco-Roman Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî. period. This contract is part of efforts to renovate Also, seizures included 304 copper coins of historical Cairo, reflecting the government’s various shapes and sizes dating back to the focus on improving the quality of services to Greco-Roman era and an Ushabti statue of 10 visitors at the Citadel, one of the most BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 182

Juin 2020 important historical sites in Egypt. while adding new cultural tourism Negotiations between the Fund and the destinations, the minister added. Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities took a little Mustafa Wazîrî, the Secretary-General of over six months after the collaboration the Supreme Council of Antiquities, said that between the Fund and the Council was the Council seeks to re-utilize, preserve and approved by the Cabinet of Ministers. develop some historical areas in a sustainable This step is considered the first investment manner, as well as provide services to the project by the Fund in the tourism and visitors of these areas to enrich the cultural services sectors, in cooperation with the experience of the Citadel. ministry, which will include the complete Wazîrî emphasized that the rehabilitation of development of the Bâb al-‘Azab area in the the historic buildings after their restoration is Citadel to provide services to its visitors. one of the most important methods of Opening an unutilized area of the Citadel preserving them, which works to raise their to the public after reviving it will place it on efficiency and cultural and economic value, the list of historical and cultural tourist promoting the area as a new touristic and attractions and provide cultural services to the cultural destination. area, in addition to establishing and operating Ayman Sulaymân, the CEO of the traditional markets and handicraft shops, Sovereign Fund, said, “The fund will team up theatres and cultural events. with experienced private investors to develop Minister al-Sa‘îd said that this agreement the Bâb al-‘Azab site. We will equip the reflects the Fund’s role in increasing returns on buildings in the area to offer visitors and state owned assets through value accretive tourists a rich cultural experience that investments to better utilize Egypt’s resources accentuates the Citadel’s historical value and for future generations. highlights the pivotal events it witnessed and its role in Egypt’s modern history. It is The minister added that it is important for essential that the private sector plays an the Sovereign Fund to contribute to integral role in adding economic and cultural developing historical areas to introduce new value to the historical tourism sector.” generations to Egypt’s history and generate positive returns on state assets through The Fund aims to boost sustainable creative projects. economic development in Egypt through attracting private investments to develop state The minister noted that the objective of the assets, in accordance with best international Fund is to attract investors to contribute practices, to optimize their returns and technically and financially in such projects to maximize their long-term value for future increase state revenues and create generations. employment opportunities in sectors with high potential. Sulaymân added that the Bâb al-‘Azab area will include a museum with interactive Tourism Minister al-‘Inânî said that this technologies, a market for spices, traditional collaboration directs more investments to crafts and foods, a design school, a theatre for touristic development, as “we are working to traditional and cultural arts, as well as a develop a model for investment projects to historical library. provide and operate attractive and efficient services to visitors in major touristic “The importance of this project is that we destinations.” are utilizing an undeveloped closed part of the Citadel which will positively impact the entire It also confirms the success of the ministry’s area in historic Cairo, creating jobs and value vision in developing and operating services in in the tourism sector with private partners, and historical sites, enhancing their cultural value adding new investment products in the and diversifying Egyptian touristic products Egyptian economy.” (Nevine El-Aref, “Long

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Juin 2020 awaited Bâb al-‘Azab development project to Christie’s has 54 offices in 32 countries. It see light of day”, Ahram Online, June 2, 2020. also has 12 auction houses worldwide, Voir également Walîd Magdî, including in London, New York, Paris, Geneva, « Réaménagement de Bâb al-‘Azab en Milan, Amsterdam, Dubai, Zurich, Hong Kong, coopération avec le ministère de Shanghai and Mumbai. l’Archéologie », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 2 juin ; « Le Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, General ministère de l’Archéologie conclut un accord Supervisor of the Department of Retrieved visant à réaménager Bâb al-‘Azab », al-Shurûq, Antiquities at the Egyptian Ministry of 2 juin ; Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Ministry of Antiquities, said that the ministry is closely Tourism and Antiquities to renovate Cairo’s following the auction and will take the Bâb al-‘Azab area”, Egypt Today, June 4; necessary legal measures if the antiquities are Sayyid Nasrî, « Signature d’un accord visant à proven to have been illegally removed from réaménager la zone archéologique de Bâb al- Egypt. ‘Azab », Watanî, 4 juin). - - In statements made to al-Masrî al-Yawm, he added that his department is following all auctions, making a great effort to recover Mercredi 3 juin 2020 looted Egyptian antiquities. Christie’s has auctioned dozens of Egyptian pieces over the past several years, most notably the head of the Amun, which sold for roughly five million sterling pounds despite Cairo’s strong protests against the sale. (“Christie’s to auction Egyptian artifacts online”, Egypt Independent, June 3, 2020. Voir également Fâdî Francis, « Christie’s

continue de vendre les antiquités d’Égypte », One of the Egyptian artifacts held for sale in Christie’s Antiquities al-Masrî al-Yawm, 2 juin ; Mustafa Marie, auction - ET “Christie’s Antiquities auction to end on June Christie’s auction house in London 16”, Egypt Today, June 15). announced that it will be selling a group of Egyptian, Roman and other antiquities in an - - online auction being held from June 2 to 16. Vendredi 5 juin 2020 The antiquities include an Egyptian dating back to the 26th Dynasty (664-525 BCE). The auction house estimates the value as between US$60,000 and $90,000. Christie’s reports that the jar was taken out of Egypt, arriving in the US state of Minnesota in 1922. It arrived at Christie’s in New York on December 15, 2016. (…) The pieces being auctioned also include a stone rendering of the head of King Senusret III. Its estimated price at auction is between $70,000 and $90,000. Other items include a limestone statue dating back to the late period (664-332 BC), as well as a plate with wooden handles and a bronze statue of the divine bull Apis.

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Cairo International Airport Museum located to protect the transferred artifacts from any at the airport’s Terminal 3 has received a kind of vibrations during the transfer process. number of artifacts from the Egyptian Museum and the Suez National Museum’s stores, in preparation for its opening. The head of the ministry’s museums department Mu’min ‘Uthmân explained that the 12 transferred artifacts were carefully selected by the Supreme Committee for Museum Scenarios to enrich the museum exhibits.

‘Uthmân added that the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is currently working on launching another museum at the airport inside Terminal 2 with an area of 150 square meters. (Angy Essam, “Cairo Airport Museum receives mummies, canopic jars, bronze statue, sculptures”, Egypt Today, June 5, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al- Iskandarânî, « Le musée de l’aéroport du Caire s’apprête à ouvrir ses portes », Sada al-Balad, 5 juin ; Nevine El-Aref, “Cairo Airport Museum receives artifacts ahead of planned opening”, Ahram Online, June 5; Amal Gamâl, « Le musée de l’aéroport du Caire reçoit une collection de pièces archéologiques », Watanî, 5 juin).

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Lundi 8 juin 2020 The transferred artifacts contain three mummies decorated with gilded cartonnage and painted scenes, a number of canopic jars, a bronze statue of a winged Isis, and some sculptures from the Greek and Roman eras. The secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, Mustafa Wazîrî, announced a detailed report about every artefact was prepared.

Wazîrî assured that the artifacts were The discovered statue of the deity Isis - ET transferred following all the international The German archaeologists have scientific methods, also each piece was discovered a Roman statue of the ancient packed alone inside a box lined with Egyptian deity Isis. The discovery of the reinforced foam and supporting it with straps BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 185

Juin 2020 statue, which is about 8 centimeters in height Mahdî, « Exemption des bazars et des and made of clay, came during excavations in cafétérias situés dans les musées et sites the city of Krefeld in western Germany. archéologiques des loyers des mois de juin, juillet et août 2020 », al-Ahrâm, 8 juin 2020. “This is an unusual discovery from the Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, Roman era in the Lower Rhine region,” said « Exemption des bazars et des cafétérias Krefeld’s archaeologist, Hans-Peter Schlueter. situés dans les musées et sites archéologiques Schlueter further explained that the statue de 3 mois de loyer », Sada al-Balad, 8 juin). depicts a woman sitting on the throne with a - - child on her legs. Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid He added that Roman auxiliary forces had al-‘Inânî said the tourism and antiquities fund been stationed in the city of Krefeld 70 years draft law aims to stimulate tourism and after the birth of Jesus Christ. promote it internationally, develop services The statue was discovered with a jug of and tourist areas, and support projects by the clay in an old waste pit. This pot might have Supreme Council of Antiquities related to the been part of a home altar. restoration, preservation, and maintenance of The statue of Isis is displayed inside the monuments. archeological museum of Krefeld along with It also looks to develop archaeological other discoveries, including coins, jars, sites, and the preservation of cultural heritage weapons and the skeleton of a horse. in accordance with the concept of sustainable It is noteworthy that the excavation process tourism development. that took place 2 years ago unveiled 90,000 The minister’s remarks came during a discoveries. The camp was part of securing the Sunday meeting with parliamentary Roman border on the Rhine against the committees of media, culture, antiquities, Germanic tribes. tourism, civil aviation, and plan and budget. According to German archaeologists, this The members of the committees agreed in boundary (of the Roman Empire) in the state principle on the draft law regarding the of North Rhine-Westphalia can be included on tourism and antiquities fund, with some the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is possible amendments to some clauses and that the United Nations will issue a decision in formulations for the sources of funding. this regard in July 2021. (Mustafa Marie, The law stipulated that a fund to be called “Roman statue of ancient Egyptian deity Isis “Tourism and Antiquities Fund” should be discovered in Germany”, Egypt Today, June 8, established, with a legal personality. It is 2020). anticipated that the fund will have its - - headquarters in Cairo, and a minister Le secrétaire général du CSA, Dr Mustafa responsible for tourism and antiquities affairs Wazîrî, a annoncé que le conseil to take the reins. d’administration du CSA, lors de sa dernière Practicalities have shown there is no need réunion présidée par le ministre du Tourisme for separate tourism and antiquities funds, al- et de l’Archéologie, a décidé d’exempter tous ‘Inânî said. les bazars et les cafétérias situés dans les He noted that he preferred, instead, to musées et sites archéologiques des loyers des merge these separate funds into one, but that mois de juin, juillet et août 2020 et ce jusqu’à it is not like a creation of a new fund. la fin de la crise sanitaire et le retour du tourisme. Cette décision s’inscrit dans le cadre The new fund is the outcome of merging des efforts déployés par le ministère du together three funds, including the Tourisme et de l’Archéologie afin d’atténuer Archaeology and Museum Projects Fund, the l’impact négatif de la pandémie. (‘Umar al- BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 186

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Nubian Archaeology Project Fund, and the Slaves cannot perform this engineering and Tourism Fund. scientific miracle. During the parliamentary committee Hawwâs added that there is no evidence meeting, al-‘Inânî stressed that there will be an slaves lived during the era of the pyramid equal allocation of the fund’s budget between builders. In addition, the Wâdî al-Garf papyrus the tourism and antiquities sectors. He noted which illustrates forty workers with their chief that one sector will not be supported at the refutes this idea completely. expense of the other, whilst assuring that Finally, the veteran archaeologist stated antiquities and tourism are two sides of the that saying the construction of pyramids was same coin. He added that at least 50% of the done by slaves is a ridiculous opinion, as the new fund’s finance will be allocated for pyramids were built by the pharaohs for the tourism promotion and revitalisation. king to become a god in the after-life. (“Merging tourism, antiquities funds based on (Mustafa Marie, “Hawwâs: ‘The Great practicalities: al-‘Inânî”, Daily News Egypt, Pyramids were not built by slaves’”, Egypt June 8, 2020). Today, June 9, 2020). - - - - Mardi 9 juin 2020

“Linking building the Great Pyramids to slavery is a comical thing to say,” replied Zâhî Hawwâs to some English newspaper commentary. Famed Egyptian archaeologist Hawwâs said that the commentary of the English newspapers that links casting the statue of a slave trader in the river to the pyramids, The Egyptian government plans to develop supposing they were built by forced labor is a the al-Farmâ archaeological area in North ridiculous matter. Sinai, placing it on the global tourism map. Hawwâs explained that the pyramids were Located in the village of Balûza in Bûr al- not built by forced labor and that the unveiling ‘Abd, the area is famous for being a stop of the workers’ tombs, which were found taken by the Holy Family in their journey under the foot of the pyramids, assures the through Egypt. entire world that the pyramids were not built by forced labor. This fact was stressed by North Sinai Governor Major General Muhammad ‘Abd al- Hawwâs asserted that if the pyramids were Fadîl Shûsha, who said the area was being built by forced labor, their tombs would not developed as part of the national project be built next to the pyramids. regarding the Holy Family’s path. Also, preparing the tombs for workers and Restoration work includes improving the caring about them in the after-life shows that area’s infrastructure and its surrounding area, the pyramids were built by workers who came paving, lighting and planting on the roads through the large families in Upper Egypt and leading to it, supplying fresh water and setting the Delta region. These families must have guiding signs and umbrellas for visitors. paid the workers and thus they paid taxes, according to Hawwâs. This is alongside improving the level of services provided and creating a wall Hawwâs further indicated that forced labor surrounding the archeological site, Shûsha can build huge buildings, but they cannot be added. creative, and building pyramids is creative. BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 187

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A museum and a center that distinguish the dating back to the Naqada II Period (3350 - region will be established to display crafts 3200 B.C) to the Egyptian ambassador. such as Bedouin embroidery, he said, alongside showing the manufacturing of Bedouin kilims, palm products, the drying of dates and marine snails, olive oil products, and more. The Secretary General of North Sinai Governor Usâma al-Ghandûr explained that North Sinai was an early stop on the path of the Holy Family, which consists of 25 areas starting from Bethlehem in Palestine, passing through Arish in Sinai and the al-Farmâ archaeological area, to the Monastery of Muharraq in Asyût. al-Farmâ is considered to seventh stop on the path of the Holy Family, he added. The deal reflects the strong historical ties between both countries as well as the Czech The al-Farmâ area includes a group of interest in ancient Egyptian history and baths, a large theater dating back to the antiquities, which is demonstrated by the Roman era, and a Roman castle that was used excavation activities carried out by the Czech until the Islamic era in Egypt. (“Egypt plans to archaeological mission in Egypt for more than place North Sinai’s al-Farmâ archaeological 60 years, Zaorálek said. area on world tourism map”, Egypt Independent, June 9, 2020. Voir également The retrieval of the priceless piece is the Khâlid Muhammad, « Réaménagement des fruit of the close cooperation between the antiquités d’al-Farmâ », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 9 ministries of Foreign Affairs and Tourism to juin). reclaim smuggled Egyptian artifacts from - - abroad. (MENA, “Egypt reclaims 5,000-year- old statue from Czech Republic”, Ahram Online, June 9, 2020. Voir également « La République tchèque restitue une pièce antique à l’Égypte », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 9 juin ; MENA, « La République tchèque restitue à l’Égypte une pièce vieille de 5 000 ans », al- Ahrâm, 9 juin). - -

Egyptian ambassador Sa‘îd Hindâm signed the deal with Czech Mercredi 10 juin 2020 Minister of Culture Lubomír Zaorálek. The Egyptian ambassador to the Czech Republic signed Tuesday a protocol to return an Egyptian artifact seized by Czech authorities while monitoring illegal possession of and trade in antiquities. Sa‘îd Hindâm signed the deal with Czech Minister of Culture Lubomír Zaorálek who handed over the piece of antiquity, a statue

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Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr in a huge Khâlid al-‘Inânî inspected the latest royal procession and the method of displaying developments in the central exhibition hall of the mummies in the designated hall in the the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization museum were discussed. (NMEC) in Fustât prior to its opening. al-‘Inânî was accompanied by Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî, General Supervisor of the Museum Ahmad al-Shirbînî, Minister’s Advisor for Museum Display Mahmûd Mabrûk and members of the Higher Committee for Museum Display headed by ‘Alî ‘Umar.

Professor Mu’min ‘Uthmân, head of the museums sector and a member of the museum’s exhibiting committee, said that the main exhibition hall includes a variety of artifacts, including a group of belongings of an ancient Egyptian priest from the New Kingdom, in addition to statues of servants

from the Old Kingdom kneading and baking. The tour started by checking the operation of electronic portals for entrance and exit, placing artifacts inside the exhibition hall and checking the preparations for receiving the royal mummies from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr in a royal procession. al-‘Inânî instructed some adjustments to the exhibiting scenario to contribute to highlighting the exhibited items.

The main hall also exhibits a group of colorful wooden statues of deities of Amenhotep II reign, as well as a set of pots and amulets of king Thutmose IV made of blue faience, a papyrus and a copy of the "Book of the Dead" from the late era, a wooden door that belongs to an ancient Egyptian engineer, and a statue of the ancient Egyptian writer

made of red granite along with his writing After completing the tour, the minister of tools, inks and brushes. Tourism and Antiquities met the museum’s Minister’s Advisor for Museum Display archaeologists and restorers, in addition to Mahmûd Mabrûk added that one of the most members of the Supreme Committee of the important artifacts that adorn this hall is the museum’s exhibiting scenario. breastfeeding statue and the birth plate from the era of the New Kingdom. During the meeting, the ongoing preparations for receiving the royal mummies BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 189

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Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le NMEC », Sada al-Balad, 10 juin ; ‘Umar al- Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le NMEC », al-Ahrâm, 10 juin ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le NMEC », al-Shurûq, 10 juin ; Amal Gamâl, « Tournée d’inspection du ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie au NMEC »,

Watanî, 10 juin). Additionally, a part of the oldest skeleton of a mummy’s foot attached to a - - compensatory part made of wood, statues of the King Amenemhat III in the form of the Sphinx, a seated statue of the king Thutmose III, a statue of God Nilus from the Greco- Roman period, about 50 lanterns from the Islamic era, a mashrabiyya and some of the stucco windows inlaid with colored glass removed from the Citadel. It is worth noting that the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization is one of the most important projects carried out in cooperation with UNESCO and is one of the largest museums of civilization in Egypt and the Middle East. Controversial Champollion statue - ET Researcher Bassâm al-Shammâ‘ said that Egypt should make use of the current demonstrations in America and England demanding the removal of statues of racist figures to demand the removal of the statue of infamous Champollion. Furthermore, al-Shammâ‘ referred that the French sculptor Bartholdi who designed the

Champollion statue is also the sculptor of the The museum highlights the richness and Statue of Liberty in New York, describing this diversity of Egyptian civilization from as a ‘strange contradiction’ and wondering prehistoric times to present through the how one can design a statue calling for freedom and at the same time design a statue various archaeological collections exhibited in calling for racism. the museum. Also, al-Shammâ‘ indicated that he sees Irina Bokova, former director-general of Champollion as an "archeology thief", UNESCO, and the minister of Tourism and because he illegally brought out many Antiquities opened a temporary exhibition hall Egyptian antiquities which were later placed in in the museum in 2017. (Mustafa Marie, the Louvre Museum in Paris. al-Shammâ‘ also “Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities embarks on an inspecting tour in NMEC”, said this unfortunate fact is documented in the Egypt Today, June 10, 2020. Voir également National Library and Archives. Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministre du

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Moreover, al-Shammâ‘ pointed out that the (“Egypt prepares for tourism return with goal of designing the Champollion statue in incentives, discounts”, Egypt Today, June 11, this way is to assure the whole world that he 2020). defeated the ancient Egyptians; however, the - - statue was sculpted in a demeaning way that provoked the feelings of Egyptians, especially Samedi 13 juin 2020 after deciphering the codes of the Rosetta Stone. (Mustafa Marie, “Bassâm al-Shammâ‘ demands removal of demeaning Champollion statue”, Egypt Today, June 10, 2020. Voir également Sanâ’ Fârûq, « La tête de Thoutmosis III restera haute et la statue de Champollion tombera », Watanî, 11 juin ; Basant Gamîl, « Bassâm al-Shammâ‘ : La statue humiliante de Champollion ressemble à l’attitude du policier américain vis-à-vis de George Floyd », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 juin). Scientists will present evidence that the - - cemetery of Cleopatra is located in Egypt’s Nile Delta in a documentary set to be released soon. Jeudi 11 juin 2020 Archaeologists focus on the site of the In light of the government’s preparations ancient Abûsîr Palace near Alexandria. Their for the return of tourism to Egypt, a number of research will be revealed on the private incentives and discounts have been offered to Science Channel in a documentary entitled encourage major tour operators to organize "Cleopatra: Sex, Lies and Secrets," which will trips to Egypt’s touristic governorates. debut on June 21. Among the most important of these Scientists are digging at the site of the incentives are the cancellation of the need for Palace of Abûsîr, known as Taposiris Magna tourist visas to visitors to Egypt’s touristic Temple, just 60 miles from Cairo, in hopes to governorates until 31 October 2020, and the uncover the mystery behind the queen. extension of work on the current flight "In Egypt’s Nile Delta, huge archaeological incentive program until 29 October 2020. excavations are being carried out as experts The Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral search for the tomb of Egypt’s most famous Resources offered a discount on the price of queen," says Science Channel, according to fuel for aviation to a total discount of 10 cents RT. to the gallon. The Ministry of Civil Aviation offered companies a 50% discount on landing and parking fees, and a 20% discount on ground services to direct flights to airports of touristic governorates until 31 October 2020. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, in its turn, is offering a 20% discount on all museum and archaeological site tickets that are under the Supreme Council of Antiquities’ jurisdiction, as well as visitors’ permits to foreign visitors who used Egypt Air and Air Cairo. This offer will be valid for 15 days.

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Archaeologist Kathleen Martinez’s new Dr. Olivia Munoz, a researcher at France’s theory about Cleopatra’s tomb suggests that Nationwide Center for Scientific Analysis her grave could be found in a place known as headed a team of international archaeologists Taposiris Magna. from France, Saudi Arabia and Italy who discovered a vast 35-meter-long triangular Archaeologists have not found Cleopatra’s ritual platform buried at the oasis settlement tomb, but believe it is located somewhere of Dûmat al-Jandal in northern Saudi Arabia. near Alexandria. The city surrounding the temple of the same name, Abûsîr, just outside The archaeologists uncovered as well Alexandria, was a prominent coastal city monumental ruins on the oasis settlement of during Cleopatra’s reign. Dûmat al-Jandal. Professor of Greco-Roman Archaeology in The discovery which was performed in Tantâ University Salwa Husayn said that there collaboration with the Saudi Ministry of are no scientific proofs that Queen Cleopatra’s Culture housed a big surprise in a looted tomb is located at Abûsîr area near Alexandria tomb, among decaying ancient bodies, which because the area is very ordinary and is not is the discovery of ancient Egyptian artifacts. suitable to have a royal tomb of queen like Antiquity journal published a new paper Cleopatra and there is no single scientific that presents a scientific study that includes evidence confirming the queen’s burial is artifacts and human remains from deposits there. that were discovered in and around the ‘‘I do not think that Queen Cleopatra’s platform, in two side niches and in nearby tomb is located in the area identified by the tombs. documentary, because this area contains the The team of archaeologists discovered remains of a temple and a group of tombs tombs spanning from the mid sixth millennium carved in the rock dating back to the end of BC until about 50 AD near the vast triangular Late Period of ancient Egypt and possibly platform. Greek and Ptolemaic’’ recounted Professor of Archaeology Usâma ‘Allâm. (Angy Essam, “Is According to an article published in PHYS, Cleopatra tomb located at Abûsîr near the archaeologists found irregular stones Alexandria ?”, Egypt Today, June 13, 2020. inside the huge triangular platform in addition Voir également Mustafa Marie, “Cleopatra to dry-stone exterior partitions, one of which Cemetery in Egypt: New documentary to contained two niches. present evidence”, Egypt Today, June 11; The paper declared how the uncovered Antoine Mîlâd, « Kathleen Martinez révèle ritual platform was built from about 8,000- l’emplacement de la tombe de Cléopâtre et years-ago in several phases. de Marc Antoine », Watanî, 20 juin). Researchers concluded that the area was - - symbolically important because beneath the stones, a number of human bodies were discovered. The second phase of burials shows that the monumental edifice was used for a ritual or funerary function, it was mostly an area of collective commemoration and social ritual. The research performed and published in

Antiquity indicated that the platform was used as a ceremonial place tailor made for social A huge ritual platform and Egyptian and ritual activities. artifacts were discovered in northern Saudi Arabia.

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The third burial phase which dates back to work, and masks and gloves must be worn about 5,400 to 5,000 years ago houses looted during work hours at all times. tombs that contain thirteen beads: two All excavation tools must be disinfected cylindrical shell beads, three cylindrical stone regularly, while the number of workers is not beads, three flat beads of whitish stone and to exceed 30 people in open-air sites and four five carnelian beads. people inside each tomb or burial shaft, Furthermore, the archaeologists discovered among them the archaeological inspector. seashells from the Pink Sea, a faience bead Physical distancing must be observed with Egyptian glaze and a scarab beetle during work hours and the head of the mission amulet from ancient Egypt. and the inspector must regularly remind An Egyptian blue glaze is covering the workers and mission members of the dangers stone scarab and is inscribed with a stylized of the coronavirus and the precautionary pharaoh wearing his traditional headdress and measures that have to be taken. extended pleated skirt, which is detailed with Temperatures of workers and members of cobras protruding from it. the mission must be taken each day before The discovery of these Egyptian artifacts work, and everyone must follow health and reveals that there were old trading relations preventive regulations and bring their own between the inhabitants of Dûmat al-Jandal personal items. Eating and drinking utensils and ancient Egyptian New Kingdom , which may not be shared. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt dominated from the 16th to the 11th century introduces regulations for archaeological BC. missions amid coronavirus outbreak”, Ahram Online, June 14, 2020. Voir également Fâdî On how did these artifacts transferred from Francis, « Covid-19 : Nouvelle règlementation Egypt to a sacred Arabian oasis platform, the régissant le travail des missions paper stated that this is because the site is archéologiques », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 14 juin ; near Sinai and to the Southern Levant. “Egypt imposes COVID-19 related preventive It will be never known exactly how these measures on archaeological missions”, Daily artifacts were transferred ancient Egypt to News Egypt, June 15; Angy Essam, “8 Saudi Arabia, but maybe further future Egyptian archaeological sites to be opened excavations at the ritual platform will help July 1”, Egypt Today, June 16; MENA, accurately understand how this happened. « Mesures sanitaires régissant la visite des (Angy Essam, “Saudi Arabia uncovers ritual musées et sites archéologiques en juillet platform that houses Egyptian Artifacts”, prochain », al-Shurûq, 24 juin). Egypt Today, June 13, 2020). - - - - Lundi 15 juin 2020 Dimanche 14 juin 2020

Egypt’s Tourism and Antiquities ministry has issued new regulations and precautionary measures for archaeological missions to resume excavations, a statement by the ministry read on Sunday. Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, said that to ensure hygiene safety during excavations, archaeological missions must provide the Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, director-general of necessary disinfectants before the start of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, said that the development work in the museum resumed BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 193

Juin 2020 and did not stop even after the spread of the Antiquities has been working to prepare the novel virus. sites and museums for reopening. ‘Abd al-Râziq also stated to the press that The question that begs itself is, if a the development of the exhibiting scenario of decision is made to gradually open the museum was completed in the first floor of archaeological sites in Aswân in July, what are the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr for over 200 the first of these sites that will be re-opened? pieces of prehistoric artifacts. The hall will be ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Sa‘îd, director general of officially opened within the upcoming months. Aswân and Nubia antiquities, said that all Head of the Central Department of archaeological sites in Aswân are ready to Engineering Affairs, Antiquities and Museums reopen once a decision is made, as life is at the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities expected to return to normal in July, and sites Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ said the development of the are set to open gradually. general site of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Sa‘îd further clarified to the press that is underway, while implementing among the first sites that will be ready to precautionary measures to prevent the spread receive tourists are the temples of Abû Simbil of COVID-19. and Philae. Abû al-‘Ilâ also stated that the number of Additionally, Sa‘îd stated that the rest of workers on site has been reduced as nearly 97 the museums should be opened gradually, percent of the site’s development work has while imposing strict precautionary measures, been completed, which included entrances, to prevent the spread of the novel virus. the museum’s garden and outer fences. “At the present time, we are sanitizing all Moreover, Abû al-‘Ilâ further explained that open areas in Aswân every week, deploying the exterior façade of museum has been morning and evening patrols, to prevent any painted using the same previous colors, and possible harm to the antiquities,” said Sa‘îd. the three external gates in the main façade were developed to easily open for the entry Furthermore, Sa‘îd added that restoration and exit of visitors and transferring artifacts. is underway with a daily group of 4 or 5 (Mustafa Marie, “All you need to know about individuals, taking all the precautionary development works in the Egyptian Museum measures and wearing face-masks and gloves, in Tahrîr”, Egypt Today, June 15, 2020). where all accumulated waste and dust is - - raised. The Director General of Archeology of Mardi 16 juin 2020 Aswân and Nubia pointed out that all Egyptian missions in the western Aswân region and the Temple of Isis continue to operate, but with a fewer staff members and within tight precautionary measures, in accordance with the instructions of the Egyptian government to battle the coronavirus epidemic. (Mustafa Marie, “Abû Simbil, Philae temples among first sites to reopen in Aswân”, Egypt Today, June 16, 2020. Voir également

Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et Philae Temple in Aswân de l’Archéologie s’apprête à 7 nouvelles Since the closure of Egypt’s ancient sites inaugurations », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 14 juin). on March 19 because of the COVID-19 - - epidemic, Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is preparing to re-open several major BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 194

Juin 2020 archaeological sites, after having been closed Mercredi 17 juin 2020 since March 2020 as part of the country’s precautionary measures to combat the novel coronavirus. Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî confirmed that several major archaeological sites will be opened in July, including eight sites in four governorates. The gradual opening of the sites will come in parallel with the gradual return of foreign tourism.

The eight archaeological sites that will be opened at the beginning of July are the Gîza Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Pyramids complex, Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Khâlid al-‘Inânî inspected the Baron Empain Square, Citadel of Saladin, Karnak and Luxor Palace in Heliopolis on Tuesday, June 16, in temples, Philae and Abû Simbil temples and preparation for its grand opening after Hurghada Museum. completing its restoration and development project, to become an exhibition that narrates Additionally, the ministry will launch a the history of the Heliopolis neighborhood. number of important archaeological projects during the coming period, in different The inspection tour comes within the governorates of Egypt, and all will be Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities’ plan for a completed during the next 60 days. set of archaeological openings scheduled to take place over the upcoming period. This includes opening the Baron Empain Palace in Heliopolis, Kafr al-Shaykh Museum, During the inspecting tour, al-‘Inânî was Sharm al-Shaykh Museum and the Royal accompanied by Secretary General of the Vehicles Museum, the National Museum of Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Egyptian Civilization in Fustât, the Cairo Wazîrî, Assistant Minister for Investment and Airport museum and the New Administrative Financial Resources Development Îmân Capital museum. (Angy Essam, “8 Egyptian Zaydân, Assistant Minister for Minister’s Office archaeological sites to be opened July 1”, Sector Affairs Ahmad ‘Ubayd, Assistant Egypt Today, June 16, 2020. Voir également Minister for Engineering Affairs Hishâm Samîr Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Réouverture and Head of the Museums Sector Mu’min progressive des zones archéologiques », Sada ‘Uthmân. al-Balad, 24 juin ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Le CSA : Ouverture début juillet de 5 musées et de 8 sites archéologiques », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 25 juin ; Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt to reopen 5 museums, 8 archaeological sites in July”, Ahram Online, June 25 ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Réouverture de 5 musées et de 8 sites archéologiques », al-Ahrâm, 25 juin ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le CSA : Réouverture progressive des zones archéologiques début juillet », al-Shurûq, 25 juin). The Minister of Tourism and Antiquities visited the general site of the palace and its - - various halls, the panorama area [roof], in addition to inspecting the guide boards displayed in the palace, which is one of the

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Juin 2020 constituent elements of the exhibition of the and around the open spaces surrounding it, history of the district of Heliopolis. which includes a carriage of a style inspired by the historical nature of the palace and respects the surrounding environment to provide drinks and snacks to visitors, a cafeteria and restaurant with a distinctive style that respects the archaeological environment of the palace to provide a unique experience for visitors, as the services and their providers reflect the historical atmosphere of the beginning of the twentieth century, such as the uniform of old- fashioned workers, which indicates the time

period of the palace. In addition, al-‘Inânî also inspected the carts and electronic portals of the palace, the During the tour, the minister made sure electronic insurance system, the lighting that the tourism services area met the systems and the work of preparing the screens conditions for social distancing and the for multimedia displays: culturama; that will be approved health safety requirements. used to display pictures and documentaries about the construction work of Heliopolis, Baron Palace, the streets, buildings, shops, private cars, trams and other aspects of life in the neighborhood at that time Furthermore, the screens also display pictures of Baron Empain, his partner Nubar Pasha and French engineer Alexander Marcel who designed the palace, in addition to inspecting one of the old Heliopolis trams, which was displayed in the palace’s garden Moreover, the Ambassador of Belgium to after its restoration. Egypt Sybille de Cartier, has been keen on That is in addition to the old cars, such as joining the tour and visiting the palace those that were traveling in the streets of because she is attached to it both personally Cairo during the twenties and thirties of the and officially, since the Baron Empain is of last century, which were put in the garden to Belgian origin. give a vivid picture of Heliopolis The Ambassador of Belgium expressed her neighborhood and the way of life in it during happiness to al-‘Inânî towards the work of this period. restoring and developing the palace, hoping that the palace would be officially opened before the end of her term as the ambassador of her country in Cairo in mid-July. It should be noted that the palace includes an exhibition of a variety of photos, archival documents, illustrations, maps, and official documents for the history of Heliopolis neighborhood (Heliopolis and al-Matariyya) through different eras, in addition to its most

important heritage features, and a variety of On the sidelines of the visit, the minister photos, maps, documents and films, inspected the tourism services area provided illustrating the history of Heliopolis and the to visitors located in the gardens of the palace BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 196

Juin 2020 appearances and lifestyle of that special time juin ; Ahmad ‘Uthmân, « Bâsim Ibrâhîm period. nommé directeur général du musée national d’Alexandrie et ‘Alâ’ ‘Abd al-Halîm directeur The Baron Empain Palace is registered with du musée de Suhâg », al-Wafd, 17 juin ; the Islamic Antiquities Counter and is affiliated Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Bâsim Ibrâhîm with the area of Antiquities east of Cairo. The nommé directeur du musée national palace is built in the style of Indian d’Alexandrie et ‘Alâ’ ‘Abd al-Halîm directeur architecture and was established by the du musée de Suhâg », Sada al-Balad, 17 juin ; Belgian millionaire Baron Edward Empain. It is Amâl Raslân, « Le CSA nomme un nouveau located on al-‘Urûba Street in Heliopolis, directeur du musée national d’Alexandrie », al- Cairo. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Tourism & Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 17 juin). Antiquities Minister inspects Baron Empain Palace for grand opening”, Egypt Today, June - - 17, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le palais Empain », al-Ahrâm, 16 juin ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le palais Empain », Watanî, 16 juin). - -

The Egyptian Cabinet approved the request submitted by the organizers of the Tutankhamun exhibition "Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh" held in the Saatchi Gallery in London to reopen the exhibition. The submitted request asked for the re- opening of the exhibition in the same hall to compensate for the 44-day period during which the exhibition was closed, as the Le secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême exhibition was scheduled to conclude on April des Antiquités, Dr Mustafa Wazîrî, a nommé 30. Bâsim Ibrâhîm Muhammad au poste de The exhibition was closed by the British directeur général du musée national authorities on March 18, as part of the d’Alexandrie. Ce dernier occupait le poste precautions to combat the emerging novel d’inspecteur en chef dans le département des virus. (“Egypt’s Cabinet approves request for antiquités égyptiennes. re-opening Tutankhamun’s exhibition in Par ailleurs, ‘Alâ’ ‘Abd al-Halîm a été London”, Egypt Today, June 17, 2020. Voir nommé directeur général du musée également Husâm ‘Imâd, « L’exposition de archéologique de Suhâg. Ces deux Toutankhamon est reconduite », al-Shurûq, 17 nominations s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la juin). politique mise en place par le CSA visant à - - promouvoir les jeunes cadres. (‘Umar al- Mahdî, « Mustafa Wazîrî nomme Bâsim It can be said that the archaeological Ibrâhîm au poste de directeur général du reproduction factory of the Ministry of Tourism musée national d’Alexandrie », al-Ahrâm, 17 and Antiquities is a dream that almost came juin 2020. Voir également Amal Gamâl, true. « Bâsim Ibrâhîm nommé directeur général du musée national d’Alexandrie », Watanî, 17 BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 197

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The Archeological Model Production Unit across Egypt, according to Mustafa Wazîrî, of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has Secretary General of the Supreme Council of achieved great success in the past years in Antiquities. marketing and selling a large quantity of The amendments will include all types of antique reproduction products, whether personal and commercial photography and through local or international exhibitions, filming, whether for television or cinema. which brought in a high income for the ministry. But when will the reproduction Wazîrî told Daily News Egypt that the factory be ready for operation? Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities provides brochures containing all information and ‘Amr al-Tîbî, executive director of the prices for different types of photography and Archeological Models Production Unit at the filming in both Arabic and English languages Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, revealed on its website. that work is underway to complete the archaeological reproduction factory, and that He added that the ministry will also provide the work did not stop amid the novel a variety of daily, weekly and monthly coronavirus crisis, while taking into account all packages for Egyptians and foreigners, in the precautions that the Egyptian government accordance with the regulations approved by calls for. the Supreme Council of Antiquities. al-Tîbî further stated to the press that it is He revealed that the Ministry of Tourism scheduled to complete the archaeological and Antiquities has recently seen an increase reproduction factory during 2020, pointing out in photography revenues, as these packages that the factory will be established in have received demand from production accordance with scientific standards to ensure companies creating TV series, programmes, quality of products. and advertisements. This growing demand for filming at archaeological sites markets these Also, the volume of production inside the filming packages and encourages more factory depends on the demand of the market, production companies to shoot their films at as it takes more time to manufacture a piece these areas. It has, in turn, a positive effect on like a coffin than running a piece like a scarab the ministry’s financial resources, and on the production line. Each piece has its own promotes antiquities locally and method of manufacturing. internationally. Archaeological reproductions, sometimes Wazîrî added that the Supreme Council of called archeological models, now constitute a Antiquities has approved a 50% reduction in major industry within the Ministry of Tourism & fees for cinematography, television, and video Antiquities. It generates a large income and is filming that take place in desert areas considered one of the ministry’s resources that surrounding archaeological sites. generate a huge annual return. He emphasised that the ministry believes Archeological models are displayed at the positive nature of commercial outlets inside archaeological museums such as photography will lead to increased attention the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr and the Islamic to Egypt’s historical attractions, and attract Art Museum. (Mustafa Marie, “When will the more visitors to the country. archaeological reproduction factory open? Ministry replies”, Egypt Today, June 17, Wazîrî also mentioned that there are 2020). specialised committees looking into creating - - exclusive photography offers, and choose the best offers from international companies. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is (“Egypt amends filming, photography amending regulations of photography and regulations at archaeological sites, museums”, filming at archaeological sites and museums Daily News Egypt, June 17, 2020).

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- - by an ignorant observer with excessive imagination. (Mustafa Marie, “American Jeudi 18 juin 2020 archaeologist announces locating undiscovered Pyramids in Egypt”, Egypt The British newspaper, Express, published Today, June 18, 2020. Voir également Ahmad a report about an American archaeologist that Mansûr, « Une archéologue américaine announced she had found two sites of prétend découvrir 2 nouvelles pyramides 3 undiscovered pyramids in Egypt, thanks to fois plus grandes que celle de Chéops », al- satellite images. Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 18 juin). The American archaeologist added that the - - two sites are located along the Nile basin, 90 miles apart, and that both of which contain Vendredi 19 juin 2020 unusual hills. Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Furthermore, the American archaeologist Khâlid al-‘Inânî reopened Hurghada Museum has strangely claimed that she has spent 10 on Friday, June 19 after it was closed on the years studying Google Earth to locate the two aftermath of coronavirus spread. al-‘Inânî lost pyramids in Egypt and revealed that one announced that the museum is ready to of these two pyramids is three times the size receive visitors and tourists soon, while of the Pyramid of Cheops, the largest of the following strict precautionary measures to Great Pyramids of Gîza. ensure the safety of the museum’s employees, The first site is located next to the Nile in visitors and tourists. Upper Egypt, 12 miles from the city of Abû Hurghada Museum is the first Egyptian Sidhum, and contains a four-sided shape with museum to be reopened after all the Egyptian a width of 140 feet. museums were closed to combat the spread The second site is located 90 miles north of coronavirus. and includes a triangular plateau with a width Egypt’s Prime Minister Mustafa Madbûlî of 620 feet, that is, nearly three times the size inaugurated Hurghada Museum on February of the Cheops Pyramid in Gîza, making it the 29. largest discovery ever. Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities placed According to RT, the archaeologist wrote a number of golden coins as well as a rare on Google Earth Anomalies in 2012, "After copy from Quran. careful examination of the composition, this hill appears to have a very flat surface and has Hurghada Museum lighting and security formulated an oddly symmetrical triangle that systems, were implemented in accordance has severely eroded over time. The second with the ministry of Antiquities requirements site contains a distinct square center, which is and in coordination with the Ministry of very unusual for a hill of this size and looks Interior to secure the museum with modern semi-pyramid like when seen from above. It is equipment and highly qualified personnel. very clear what the sites may contain, but field The museum staff were well trained to research is needed to verify that they are in professionally deal with and assist visitors of fact missing pyramids.” the museum. James Harrell, professor of archaeology at The museum was tailor made to encourage the University of Toledo, told Life Sciences, holidaymakers to visit museums during their these discoveries are examples of natural rock stroll in the coastal areas and will contribute to formations that may be confused with the promotion of tourism in Egypt. archaeological features provided there is no burden on any archeology or geology; in other Hurghada Museum is one of the most words, the pyramids are only wishful thinking prominent projects implemented by the

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Ministry of Antiquities in partnership with the and deputy minister for tourism affairs Ghâda private sector, which provided the museum’s Shalabî. building. This is the first museum to be implemented in partnership with the private sector. The Ministry of Antiquities is the only entity managing and supervising the museum. Hurghada Museum had been designed in accordance with world-class museum standards to display the aesthetic and luxury side of the Egyptian civilization throughout the ages. The museum also displays manifestations During the tour, the minister inspected the of sports activities, such as river fishing and various halls of the museum and the process hunting, as well as music and dance events, as of placing the artifacts. al-‘Inânî emphasized of the Pharaonic era up top modern times, in a that the museum applies all the needed health bid to draw a relation between different safety measures prior to its opening in order civilizations. to receive its visitors. The number of artifacts in the museum are On June 2, Sharm al-Shaykh Museum 2000 pieces in order to attract tourists to visit received three large artifacts from the the museum. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s Minister Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, in preparation for of Tourism & Antiquities reopen Hurghada its opening soon. The three large artefacts are Museum”, Egypt Today, June 19, 2020. Voir the two wooden boats of Dahshûr and a également Muhammad al-Sayyid, « Le ministre statue of baboon standing in the praise of the du Tourisme réinaugure aujourd’hui le musée sunrise; each boat is more than 10 meters long d’Hurghada », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 18 juin ; and 2.3 meters wide. The boats belong to Muhammad al-Sayyid, « al-‘Inânî réinaugure le King Senusret III from the Middle Kingdom; musée d’Hurghada », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 18 they are set to be shown inside a hall juin ; ‘Alî al-Tayrî, « Le ministre du Tourisme designated for them inside Sharm al-Shaykh réinaugure le musée d’Hurghada », al-Ahrâm, Museum. 18 juin ; Ibrâhîm Gâd Allah, « Réinauguration du musée d’Hurghada en présence du ministre du Tourisme et du gouverneur de la mer Rouge », Sada al-Balad, 18 juin ; ‘Imâd Sâdiq, « Réinauguration du musée d’Hurghada en présence du ministre du Tourisme et du gouverneur de la mer Rouge », Watanî, 18 juin). - -

Samedi 20 juin 2020 Mu’min ‘Uthmân, head of the museums sector, previously explained that these boats Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Minister were discovered next to the pyramid of King Khâlid al-‘Inânî inspects Sharm al-Shaykh Senusret III in Dahshûr, and they were Museum for grand opening during the transferred to the Egyptian Museum to be re- upcoming period and to inform the media installed and displayed. correspondents of the artifacts that will be The boats were transferred using the latest displayed in the museum. al-‘Inânî was scientific methods to ensure their safety, accompanied by the secretary general of the where the vehicles were transported using a supreme council of antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî metal chassis made of stainless steel to easily BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 200

Juin 2020 move and lift the boats without affecting the Advisor to the Minister of Antiquities for body of the wooden boats. Museum Display Mahmûd Mabrûk mentioned in previous statements that the exhibition scenario in the Sharm al-Shaykh Museum will illustrate the daily life of the ancient Egyptian during the New Kingdom, where the displayed artifacts portray the civilized life the ancient Egyptians were experiencing during that era.

Director General of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq previously clarified that transferring artifacts to the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM), Sharm al-Shaykh Museum and the National Museum of

Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) is ongoing using the latest scientific methods in order to Also, the museum’s display scenario protect the artifacts from any damages. illustrates the ancient Egyptian’s interest with the wildlife, revealing how the ancient Egyptians cared about animals, birds, reptiles and insects in terms of raising, sanctifying, domesticating and treating them. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Minister inspects Sharm al-Shaykh Museum for grand opening”, Egypt Today, June 20, 2020. Voir également « al-‘Inânî inspecte les travaux du musée de Sharm al-Shaykh », al-Ahrâm, 20 juin ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « al-‘Inânî Sharm al-Shaykh Museum inspecte le musée de Sharm al-Shaykh avant Head of the Central Department for son inauguration », Sada al-Balad, 20 juin ; Engineering Affairs, Antiquities and Museum Amal Gamâl, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de Projects Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ previously noted that l’Archéologie inspecte le musée de Sharm al- works in the museum has been resumed since Shaykh en prévision de son inauguration », September 2018, after a hiatus of about 8 Watanî, 20 juin). years, precisely in the aftermath of the January 2011 revolution, due to the lack of the - - necessary funds. Dimanche 21 juin 2020

Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is exerting great efforts to encourage foreign tourism during the upcoming tourism season, within the framework of encouraging cultural tourism programs in Upper Egypt during the summer. The Supreme Council of Antiquities’ Board of Directors held its last session, headed by

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Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al- No, as the decision to reduce ticket price ‘Inânî, to take several decisions in this regard. during the summer includes areas and museums that are open for visiting. In which regions does this decision apply? It is applied in Qinâ, Luxor and Aswân. Has the Antiquities Board made other decisions? The Board of Directors has adopted a number of requirements and controls to reopen the archaeological sites and museums for visiting in coastal tourist governorates as a first stage, before gradually resuming the In the following lines, Egypt Today answers opening of the archaeological sites. some of the frequently asked questions When will the prices for visiting tickets be regarding this matter. adjusted? What is the goal of the decisions taken by During the session, the Board of Directors the Supreme Council of Antiquities’ agreed to postpone the increase in ticket management? prices, originally scheduled to increase in The goal is encouraging foreign tourism to November 2020, for May 1, 2021, in order to Egypt, working to promote and support encourage cultural tourism. (Mustafa Marie, cultural tourism during the next tourism “All you need to know about reducing season, and encouraging cultural tourism foreigner’s tickets to archaeologist sites”, programs in Upper Egypt during the summer. Egypt Today, June 21, 2020. Voir également Shawqî, « Le ministre du Tourisme : Pas Why were the decisions allocated for the d’augmentation des tarifs d’accès aux summer? musées », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 19 juin ; ‘Umar al- This is because the number of visitors Mahdî, « Nouvelles décisions du CSA pour decreases due to the high temperature. promouvoir le tourisme culturel au cours de la What are the most significant decisions that prochaine saison », al-Ahrâm, 19 juin ; Hamza were taken? Shu‘ayb, « Le ministre du Tourisme annonce l’annulation de l’augmentation de 20 % des Exceptionally extending the "Summer in tarifs d’accès aux musées », Sada al-Balad, 19 Upper Egypt" initiative launched by the juin ; Amal Gamâl, « Nouvelles décisions du Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities until conseil d’administration du CSA pour October 31, 2020 to support and encourage promouvoir le tourisme », Watanî, 20 juin). cultural tourism programs in Upper Egypt during the summer. - - Has the entry fee of archaeological sites been reduced? Some 50 percent of the price of foreigner’s tickets has been reduced, as all foreign tourists will pay a flat rate that is the price of international students’ tickets, which is 50 percent of the full ticket price.

Are those prices limited to archaeological Family of Muhammad ‘Alî Pasha’s tombs in Imam al-Shâfi‘î sites only? Mosque - ET

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The tombs of the royal family or the tombs The cemeteries of Hush al-Pasha in the of the family of Muhammad ‘Alî Pasha, or as it Citadel area in Cairo include 16 tombs for the is called Hush al-Pasha in the tombs of Imam family members of Muhammad ‘Alî Pasha as al-Shâfi‘î includes a group of tombs belonging they are considered relics of the royal era. to the Alevi royal family next to the Imam al- The first of these tombs is the tomb of the Shâfi‘î Mosque. governor of Egypt Ibrâhîm Pasha, the son of Hush al-Pasha tombs were established in Muhammad ‘Alî Pasha, and his mausoleum is 1816 and were built by Muhammad ‘Alî Pasha; made up of three pyramid-like floors of Italian however, he was not buried there, as he was alabaster. It is completely decorated from the buried in his famous mosque in Salâh al-Dîn el base of the floor to the top with floral and Citadel. Arabic motifs in the Islamic style and represents in its construction and motifs an integrated engineering unit in its shape. Furthermore, the tombs of Hush al-Pasha also include a shrine for Egypt’s first governor, ‘Abbâs Hilmî I. It consists of three floors engraved with beautiful floral and Arabic motifs, topped by a sign where the name of the grave’s owner is written in Turkish. The tomb is surrounded by a huge copper fence with engraved geometric patterns.

Currently, lighting works for the domes of Hush al-Pasha are taking place, according to the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, represented by the ministry’s General Administration of Historic Cairo in cooperation with the Imam al-Shâfi‘î Archeology Zone. The tombs of the royal family lay under three large domes. The shrines are adorned with intricate carvings and motifs. Above the entrance to the tomb is a small dome from which a copper chandelier hangs and leads to a large hall with two doors, each lead to the In addition, we find another group of tomb’s garden. At the end of the hall is a large burials, which is the Tomb of the Governor of door leading to the inside of the tomb. Egypt Muhammad Sa‘îd Pasha, and the mausoleum of Nûr Hânim, the mother of ‘Abbâs Hilmî I. It is one of the largest and most luxurious female shrines in the group of burial sites of Imam al-Shâfi‘î; it is about three meters in length. Also, the tomb of Ilhâmî Pasha, the brother of ‘Abbâs Hilmî I and his mausoleum, is two stories of ornate marble with engraved Quranic verses. That is in addition to the tombs of Fathiyya Hânim, wife of ‘Abbâs Hilmî I; the tomb of

Princess Shams, the wife of ‘Abbâs Hilmî I; the tomb of Princess Malak the wife of

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Muhammad Sa‘îd Pasha; the tomb of Princess and 3 meters wide, and it consists of 17 Angy the wife of Muhammad Sa‘îd Pasha; the courses of mud bricks. tomb of Prince Ahmad bin Ibrâhîm Pasha; the grave of Princess ‘Ayn al-Hayat, mother of Muhammad Sa‘îd Pasha; the tomb of Prince Tusûn Pasha son of Muhammad Sa‘îd Pasha; and the tomb of Prince Muhammad son of Tusûn Pasha, among others. (Mustafa Marie,

“A glimpse at the royal family’s gravesites in Imam al-Shâfi‘î Mosque”, Egypt Today, June The Egyptian mission uncovered as well a 21, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, wall that was built from three horizontal rows « Nouveau système d’éclairage des tombes de of sandstone blocks, which is an extension of Hush al-Pasha à l’imâm al-Shâfi‘î », al-Masrî al- the wall that protected the eastern bank of the Yawm, 7 juin ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère Nile from the changing water levels during the du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie illumine les seasons of flood. coupoles des tombes de la famille alaouite à Fustât », al-Ahrâm, 7 juin ; Islâm ‘Abd al- Ma‘bûd, « Éclairage des tombes de la famille alaouite », al-Shurûq, 7 juin ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie éclaire les coupoles des tombes de la famille alaouite », Watanî, 7 juin). - - This wall extends from the front of the Lundi 22 juin 2020 Karnak Temple in the north to the Luxor Temple in the south, along the Kibâsh Road, with a length of about 3 Km.

The Egyptian mission responsible for the restoration of the Kibâsh road discovers a number of round ovens for burning mud bricks that bear burning marks, and a huge mud wall dating back to the late Roman Empire. Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî explained that the newly uncovered ovens and wall were found in Naga‘ Abû ‘Usba in Luxor. Wazîrî added that these ovens might have been used to make pottery. Wazîrî further added that the mission members take all the necessary protective As for the wall, it was found western the measures against the novel coronavirus, and Kibâsh road of the Temple of Khonsu. It is that they all wear masks and maintain the about 30 meters in length, 2.5 meters high

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Juin 2020 needed social distance during the excavation - - work. It is worth noting that the excavation work Mardi 23 juin 2020 in various areas of Kibâsh road has been ongoing since 2017 in order to unveil all the rams within the framework of the road rehabilitation project, in preparation for its opening soon. The Pharaonic Kibâsh Road is to become the longest gangway and open museum in the world. The renovation of the Pharaonic Kibâsh

Road is considered a monumental moment for Luxor, as the project will bring the great road Muna Haggâg, professor of Greco-Roman to life again. Antiquities and president of the Antiquities Its new design is set to change Luxor’s Association in Alexandria, said that the position on the touristic map, as it will become Graeco-Roman Museum is expected to open the longest gangway and open museum in the at the end of 2020. world. The museum is 100 percent complete on It is expected that the new makeover of the constructional level, and will house 50,000 Kibâsh Road will attract tourists the world over new artifacts. and play a vital role in pushing the Egyptian Haggâg said to the press that she will tourism forward. attend the Supreme Committee of Museums Kibâsh Road will be reopened after its on June 26 to give her archaeological advice renovation. (Angy Essam, “Egypt announces on matters related to the museum, adding discovering burning ovens, mud brick wall that the committee will visit the museum’s site dating back to late Roman Empire”, Egypt to inspect the latest developments. Haggâg Today, June 22, 2020. Voir également noted that the company that undertakes the Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Découverte construction process is keen to consult the archéologique à Louqsor », Sada al-Balad, 22 archaeologists about setting antiquities and juin ; Nevine El-Aref, “Ancient Roman ovens, lighting. Late Period wall discovered in Luxor”, Ahram Haggâg explained that the display of old Online, June 22; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Une and new artifacts is underway through an mission archéologique égyptienne exhume unprecedented presentation scenario called des fours et un mur d’époque romaine », al- "objective presentation" and that the old Ahrâm, 22 juin ; “New Roman-era discoveries exhibiting scenario was in the form of groups made in Luxor”, Daily News Egypt, June 22 ; according to the historical chronology or the Huda Amîn, « Wazîrî : Découverte probable material of the monument itself, stone or des maisons des ouvriers bâtisseurs du temple pottery. de Karnak », al-Shurûq, 22 juin ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Mise au jour de fours et d’un mur d’enceinte On the objective view, Haggâg revealed d’époque ptolémaïque tardive », Watanî, 22 that the exhibition will reflect aspects of juin ; Amâl Raslân, « Nouvelle découverte Egyptian history through various approaches, archéologique à Louqsor », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, so that the pieces that reflect the political 23 juin ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Nouvelle aspects, for example, are displayed away from découverte archéologique à Louqsor datant the ones reflecting economic and commercial de l’époque romaine », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 23 activities. juin).

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She pointed out that this method is impressive because it enables the ordinary visitor to imagine the ancient Egyptian society, portraying the conditions of life in the ancient Egyptian era. Furthermore, Haggâg highlighted that

50,000 new artifacts will be added to the old artifacts, in addition to the huge quantities of On June 22, Egyptian archaeologist Zâhî currencies that need an independent Hawwâs and Mark Lehner, who specializes in exhibition, adding that the museum is 100 the antiquities of Gîza, witnessed the summer percent complete on the constructional level, solstice phenomenon, as the sun set between with the interior finishes and fixtures being the Pyramid of Cheops and Pyramid of Khafre. underway. Hawwâs explained that this phenomenon According to Haggâg, the museum was occurs annually between June 21 and 22 and established in 1892, and its establishment it is, according to Hawwâs and Lehner, the coincided with a modern urban movement most important solar phenomenon that occurs that uncovered artifacts taken by foreigners; in Egypt. hence came the idea of creating a museum to preserve artifacts discovered in Alexandria and Hawwâs further stated that the sun the Delta. Within a short time, the museum illuminates the shoulder of the Sphinx annually was filled with artifacts and became one of the on March 21/22, as well as September 21/22. most important museums. Moreover, Hawwâs indicated that these Haggâg said that the museum goers were solar phenomena can be used to encourage Mediterranean scholars, not just the people of tourism in Egypt, as it may be more intriguing Alexandria, stressing the importance of the to tourists than the phenomenon of the sun museum’s scientific, cultural and historical illuminating Abû Simbil Temple. (Mustafa status. Marie, “Zâhî Hawwâs reveals solar phenomenon in the Pyramids of Gîza”, Egypt She added that the museum was restored Today, June 23, 2020. Voir également Ahmad in 1984, and that most pieces were stored, Mansûr, « Zâhî Hawwâs révèle un phénomène noting that at the beginning of the 2000s, the solaire sur le plateau de Gîza », al-Yawm al- building suffered clear cracks, and Zâhî Sâbi‘, 23 juin ; Minna Allah al-Abyad, « Zâhî Hawwâs issued a decision to close the Hawwâs révèle le plus important phénomène museum and launch a project to develop it. solaire en Égypte », al-Ahrâm, 23 juin ; “Unfortunately, mechanisms of the Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Zâhî Hawwâs museum’s development were not available at révèle le plus important phénomène solaire en the time, upsetting not only the Alexandrian Égypte », Sada al-Balad, 23 juin ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, community, but for researchers and « Zâhî Hawwâs révèle le plus important archaeologists around the world," Haggâg phénomène solaire en Égypte », Watanî, 23 concluded. (Mustafa Marie, “Graeco-Roman juin). Museum to officially open end of 2020”, - - Egypt Today, June 23, 2020. Voir également Ragab Ramadân, « L’inauguration du Musée Mercredi 24 juin 2020 gréco-romain d’Alexandrie est ajournée à la fin 2020 à cause du coronavirus », al-Masrî al- Le président du secteur des projets, Wa‘d Yawm, 3 juin). Abû al-‘Ilâ, a annoncé la poursuite des travaux de restauration du palais Ismâ‘îl al-Mufattîsh, - - malgré la pandémie de Covid-19. Toutefois, ces travaux progressent lentement à cause de BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 206

Juin 2020 la détérioration architecturale de ce palais plans and programs to stimulate domestic and dont l’inauguration est prévue en 2022. La foreign tourism; highlighting Egypt’s touristic réaffectation du monument n’a pas encore été and archaeological position in the world; précisée à l’issue de sa réhabilitation. supervising tourism services and activities; and controlling hotel and tourist establishments, as well as tourism companies, other travel agencies and marine activity centers. Furthermore, the decree stipulated the ministry is responsible for monitoring activities of excavation, archaeological detection, restoration and registration; supervising the establishment of museums and museum displays; and supervising the development of Rappelant que 50 millions de livres services in archaeological sites and museums. égyptiennes ont été débloquées en 2002 pour According to the decree, the ministry ce projet de restauration qui a coûté jusqu’à supervises the bodies affiliated with the présent 130 millions L.E. à cause de la minister, including the Egyptian General consolidation du sol dont le coût a dépassé Authority for Tourist Promotion, Tourism les 30 millions L.E. Cette opération a été Development Authority, Supreme Council of motivée par l’explosion d’une canalisation Antiquities, the Grand Egyptian Museum d’eau sous le palais, lors du creusement des Authority and the National Museum for tunnels du métro du Caire. Egyptian Civilization Authority. It is worth noting that this decision is the second of its kind in the history of the Egyptian state, where the first decision was issued in 1966, after the establishment of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities for the first time in 1964. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Prime Minister issues decree to regulate Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities activities”, Egypt Today, June 24, 2020).

Deux cents salariés continuent de travailler - - à l’intérieur du palais Ismâ‘îl al-Mufattîsh, malgré l’effondrement des plafonds et des Jeudi 25 juin 2020 planchers de certaines salles et les murs lézardés qui menacent ruine. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Poursuite des travaux de restauration du palais Ismâ‘îl al-Mufattîsh malgré la pandémie de Covid-19 », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 24 juin 2020). - - Egypt’s Prime Minister Mustafa Madbûlî issued a decree to determine the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities’ responsibilities after merging the tourism and antiquities files.

These responsibilities include the Kafr al-Shaykh Museum received a formulation of policies organizing various collection of huge artifacts from Tell al-Farâ‘în tourist and archeological work; preparing area in Kafr al-Shaykh Governorate. This is in BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 207

Juin 2020 preparation for the artifacts’ permanent systems, lighting and testing the alarm system display at Kafr al-Shaykh Museum, which is have all been completed. scheduled to open soon. For his part, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî accompanied Assistant Minister of Tourism and Antiquities for Engineering Affairs and Supervisor of historical Cairo Hishâm Samîr, Assistant Minister of Tourism and Antiquities for Minister’s Office Affairs Ahmad ‘Ubayd and Head of the Museums Sector at the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mu’min ‘Uthmân on an inspection tour at the museum to follow the latest updates of the development work and the process of placing artifacts according to the museum’s display scenario. Moreover, ‘Ubayd said that during the tour the general location of the museum and the ongoing work have been inspected in coordination with Kafr al-Shaykh Governorate authorities, to better the condition of the surrounding streets, the main entrance of the museum and the surrounding area. That is in addition to inspecting service buildings, interior site coordination work, service areas, identification boards, explanatory maps and guiding boards, and reviewing the installation work for the museum presentation, which is being implemented by the Egyptian Optical Company. (Mustafa Marie, “Kafr al-Shaykh Museum receives heavy artifacts ahead of opening”, Egypt Today, June 25, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-

Iskandarânî, « Après 20 ans d’interruption, achèvement de 94 % du projet du musée de Wazîrî affirmed that the process of Kafr al-Shaykh », Sada al-Balad, 9 juin ; Hishâm transporting the artifacts was carried out with Shawqî, « Le musée de Kafr al-Shaykh great care and accuracy and in accordance réceptionne des pièces en provenance de Tell with the internationally accepted methods and al-Farâ‘în », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 24 juin ; ‘Umar scientific standards. The statues that were al-Mahdî, « Le musée de Kafr al-Shaykh reçoit transported to the museum are statues une collection de grandes pièces antiques », depicting King Ramses II standing and sitting, al-Ahrâm, 24 juin ; Amal Gamâl, « Le musée and with the goddess Sekhmet, in addition to de Kafr al-Shaykh reçoit une collection de a progressive painting of King Thutmose III, grandes pièces antiques », Watanî, 25 juin). two stone blocks (architectural element), and the head of one of the kings of the 30th - - Dynasty. Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities For his part, Hishâm Samîr explained that presents a virtual tour of one of the oldest the construction works in the museum, palaces and a unique architectural securing the museum with camera surveillance BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 208

Juin 2020 masterpiece, the Mânistirlî Palace located at Museum and Rommel Cave Museum as well a the Southern end of Rawda Island. number of tourist and archaeological sites in Matrûh governorate before resuming inbound tourism to Egypt starting July 1. al-‘Inânî was accompanied by Matrûh Governor Khâlid Shu‘ayb. al-‘Inânî was keen to make sure that all the precautionary measures are applied at the tourist facilities.

To watch the virtual tour please use the following Url: https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=NYV1Ym fPM3w&fbclid=IwAR2ViuyiKGgP8rAotcjUPpOi HM1kpRIzafLct_dZPYPhunpLCUo75BNRBaE This palace (which was called the kiosk) was established by Hasan Fu’âd Pasha al-Mânistirlî during the reign of ‘Abbâs Tusun bin Muhammad ‘Alî Pasha. It consists of a covered Minister of Tourism and Antiquities visited rectangular hall, a wing on the western side a number of famous beaches in Matrûh, such that includes a living room, two bedrooms, as Cleopatra and Gharâm beaches. and a bathroom, and another room on the He also inspected the new Corniche which eastern side. (Mustafa Marie, “Enjoy virtual is 8 kilometers long and 32 meters wide. tour at Nile Meter, Mânistirlî Palace”, Egypt Today, June 25, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Matrûh Museum was re-opened by Shawqî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî in 2018. l’Archéologie met en ligne une visite virtuelle du palais Mânistirlî », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 24 juin ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Visite virtuelle à l’intérieur du palais Mânistirlî », Sada al-Balad, 24 juin ; “Egyptian Antiquities Ministry holds virtual tour at Mânistirlî Palace”, Egypt Independent, June 25). - -

Vendredi 26 juin 2020 After being closed for seven years for renovations, the Rommel Cave museum was reopened by al-‘Inânî on 2017. The renovation of the museum was carried out as a result of the cooperation between the Matrûh governorate and the Ministry of Antiquities. The opening of the museum came within the celebrations of Matrûh National Day.

The Rommel Cave Museum is a cave inside Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities the core of the mountain that dates back to Khâlid al-‘Inânî inspected on Friday, Matrûh the Greco-Roman era. BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 209

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inspectent le musée Rommel et le musée archéologique de Matrûh », Watanî, 26 juin). - - Deux individus ont trouvé la mort ensevelis sous les décombres, lors de fouilles archéologiques clandestines qu’ils effectuaient sous une maison située à Mît Rahîna. Le Parquet général du sud de Gîza a ordonné l’autopsie des deux cadavres, la saisie des It is in the shape of an arch with an outils utilisés, ainsi que l’envoi d’une entrance and exit at the end of the cliff commission architecturale sur les lieux. overlooking the beach. (Ahmad al-Ga‘farî, « Le Parquet général dépêche une commission pour examiner des The German general Rommel, dubbed the fouilles illicites à Mît Rahîna », al-Yawm al- Desert Fox, chose it to be his headquarters Sâbi‘, 26 juin 2020). during the war. The cave is located near Rommel beach. - -

The cave was transformed to a museum Samedi 27 juin 2020 and opened to the public for the first time in 1988 for the sake of displaying some of The Grand Egyptian Museum will be the Rommel’s personal possessions, such as his largest museum in the world dedicated to weapons, shells and the military equipment he ancient Egyptian culture. This is one of a kind used during the war. museum is tailor made to preserve and exhibits Egypt precious national heritage with state-of-the-art conservation laboratories, along with educational facilities, temporary exhibition halls, a children’s museum, a conference center, restaurants, cafes, shops and large gardens for everyone to enjoy.

The museum contains other of Rommel’s personal objects like a leather coat, clothes, photographs, a field telephone, a compass, military attire, maps that he drew, battle plans and medals he received from Hitler. In 2010 the museum was closed for renovations and developments. The Ministry of Antiquities was keen to reopen the museum as a major tourist attraction in Matrûh to promote tourism. (“Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities inspects archaeological sites in Matrûh”, Egypt Today, (…) The cherry on top that Grand Egyptian June 26, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al- Museum will contain the first ever hanging Iskandarânî, « Préparatifs pour l’ouverture du obelisk on show at the entrance of the musée de Matrûh », Sada al-Balad, 26 juin ; museum. Nash’at Abû al-Khayr, « al-‘Inânî et Shu‘ayb

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GEM’s Executive Affairs for Restoration and and strengthening of cracks in it, pointing out Transportation of Antiquities Îsa Zaydân said that the reassembling the obelisk is currently that the restoration and construction of the being completed. world’s first hanging obelisk will be completed He added that the word (Egypt) will be soon and placed in front of the main facade of engraved in all languages of the world on the the museum, the bottom of the obelisk will columns and on the sides of the base bearing contain the cartridges of King Ramses II. the obelisk, so that this design becomes a mix between the Egyptian genius in the past, present and future. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s GEM to house the 1st hanging obelisk in the world”, Egypt Today, June 27, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le GEM accueille ses visiteurs par le premier obélisque suspendu au monde », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 27 juin). - - M.E., ouvrier âgé de 30 ans et A.M., ouvrier de 35 ans ont trouvé la mort ensevelis sous les décombres, lors de fouilles Zaydân added that the aim of the obelisk archéologiques illicites qu’ils entreprenaient design made by General Supervisor of the dans un terrain agricole à Billâ dans le Grand Museum ‘Âtif Muftâh, is to make GEM’s gouvernorat de Kafr al-Shaykh. R.A., visitor able see the cartridge from below. l’agriculteur propriétaire de ce terrain âgé de 54 ans a été mis en examen. Les deux corps The design allows the visitor to enter the ont été transférés vers la morgue de l’hôpital obelisk base to see the archaeological base central de Billâ. Une instruction judiciaire est below it and by looking at the top of the ouverte. (Magdî Abû al-‘Aynayn, « Mort de obelisk, cartridges of King Ramesses II can be deux ouvriers lors de fouilles clandestines à seen. Kafr al-Shaykh », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 27 juin Zaydân further explained that the design of 2020). the obelisk is unique in the world, where the - - obelisk will be hung on four columns, taking into account the loads and vibrations on the body of the obelisk. The hanging obelisk will Dimanche 28 juin 2020 be the first artefact to receive the visitor outside the lobby of the museum.

Akhenaten Museum - ET

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic that GEM’s Executive Affairs for Restoration and strongly hit the entire world, Egypt’s Ministry Transportation of Antiquities confirmed the of Tourism & Antiquities did not stop its work. completion of the obelisk restoration work, The ministry’s work is carried out within the including mechanical and chemical cleaning, framework of strict precautionary measures to BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 211

Juin 2020 prevent the spread of the novel virus, and to According to Abû al-‘Ilâ, the first stage was complete work on archaeological sites. completed in 2007, and included the museum’s concrete structure and the buildings Among the museums, which Egypt’s of the main museum, as well as the usual Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities is working works and finishes for the attached buildings, on, is the Akhenaten Museum in al-Minyâ. which are represented in the restoration Head of the Central Department for school, the machinery building, the cafeteria, Engineering Affairs, Archeology and Museum the gift shop building, the bridge, and the Projects Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ stated that the work gates. of the third stage has been completed in the In addition, Abû al-‘Ilâ explained that the museum, and the fourth stage has started. second phase of the museum project included Abû al-‘Ilâ further added that work inside the the facades of the main museum building, as museum is underway, and the ministry is well as maintenance works of the central air working to complete the open-air sites to conditioning, elevators, irrigation network at open them at the earliest time, according to the general site and the building of the tourist the precautionary measures implemented by police station. He also pointed out that some the state to battle the COVID-19 pandemic. obstacles hinder the implementation of the Furthermore, in regards to the German second stage, and reviewed the most grant to the museum, Abû al-‘Ilâ said in press important of these obstacles before the Prime statements that the grant is supposed to be Minister Mustafa Madbûlî. allocated to the museum’s security equipment According to Abû al-‘Ilâ, the second stage and showcases, but has not yet arrived. is extended in the works of the third stage of Abû al-‘Ilâ clarified that not receiving the the museum project, which includes the work grant did not interfere with the work inside the of the interior finishes of the main museum museum, where internal finishing work is building and the completion of works at the currently being conducted. He pointed out general site, along with all electrical work, and that the museum spans over an area of 25 the completion of air conditioning, fire and acres with a length of 600 meters on the Nile irrigation maintenance works. Corniche and consists of 14 show-casing halls. Additionally, Abû al-‘Ilâ clarified that the According to Abû al-‘Ilâ, the number of project was halted due to the events of the artifacts due to be displayed at the museum January 25 revolution, due to the lack of may reach 10,000 artifacts. funds; then construction work started again Moreover, the museum’s main hall under President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî to illustrates the history of the city of al-Minyâ complete the third stage. through different eras, while the rest of the The idea of establishing the Akhenaten halls contain artifacts that narrate the history Museum came through an agreement and art of Akhenaten’s era. The museum also between al-Minyâ Governorate and a German contains a theater, cinema, and conference city in 1979, to illustrate the era of Akhenaten, hall for about 800 people, an ancient library and the period of unification to tell the story of and a bazaars area consisting of 19 bazaars. Tell al-Amarna as a part of al-Minyâ This is in addition to five artificial lakes Governorate, the capital of Egypt at that time. overlooking the Nile, and a number of (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities cafeterias, an administrative building with a Ministry keen to complete Akhenaten’s staff training center and another to revive Museum in al-Minyâ”, Egypt Today, June 28, heritage industries and crafts. 2020. Voir également Sa‘îd Nâfi‘, « Lancement Works of establishment of the Akhenaten de la troisième phase du projet du musée Museum in al-Minyâ was first conducted in Atonien », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 12 juin ; Ahmad 2003. The project was divided to three stages. Mansûr, « La non réception du don allemand

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Juin 2020 a-t-il retardé les travaux du musée Atonien ? », Citadel of Qâytbây is considered as one of al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 28 juin). the most important citadels on the coast of - - the Mediterranean. Le Virginia Museum of Fine Arts inaugure le 4 juillet une exposition intitulée Treasures of Ancient Egypt: Sunken Cities. Cette exposition regroupe près de trois cents pièces ptolémaïques qui ont été repêchées à Canope et à Thônis-Héracléion par l’équipe dirigée par Franck Goddio. (Basant Gamîl, « Un musée américain expose Treasures of Ancient Egypt: Sunken Cities », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 28 juin 2020). - - Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî and Governor of Alexandria Muhammad Hâfiz visited the Citadel of Qâytbây and the Royal Jewelry Museum, to Moreover, Citadel of Qâytbây was check the health safety regulations adopted established by the Mamluk Sultan al-Ashraf by the Board of Directors of the Supreme Abû al-Nasr Qâytbây between the years (882- Council of Antiquities necessary to reopen the 884 AH / 1477-1479 AD), on the ruins of the aforementioned sites for visits. ancient lighthouse of Alexandria, which was completely destroyed in the year (702 AH / This came as part of the minister’s tour in 1303 AD) during the reign of Sultan al-Nâsir Alexandria to follow up on the project to Muhammad bin Qalâwwûn. Its purpose was to develop the Muntazah Tourist Area and protect the Egyptian coast from external inspect some of the hotel establishments that dangers. have received a health safety certificate to reopen. The citadel included a mosque, an oven, a windmill, armories, and a seat overlooking the During the tour, al-‘Inânî indicated that the sea to see boats entering the eastern port. Alexandria National Museum was also This is in addition to an outer fence and inner reopened, in addition to the Catacombs of fence. The citadel spans over around 17750 Kom al-Shuqâfa and the Serapeum and squared meters. Pompey’s Pillar. This came within the framework of the ministry’s plan to gradually re-open a number of museums and archaeological sites.

Furthermore, the Royal Jewelry Museum in Alexandria is considered one of the most

Citadel of Qâytbây - ET beautiful museums, as it is located in the Palace of Princess Fâtima al-Zahrâ’ and is considered a rare architectural piece

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Juin 2020 representing the European style in the 19th House, to begin its restoration project of the century. building. The director of the Port Said Archeological area, Târiq Ibrâhîm, said on Sunday that the renovation work is carried out by the Arab Contractors Company at a cost of LE60 million, done so under the supervision of the Port Said Archaeological area since the building is registered as a monument. Ibrâhîm added that he obtained the original engineering blueprint for the building The museum houses 11,500 rare pieces from France, which will be used to guide the belonging to the off-springs of the Alevi restoration work — which includes the family, including the Prince Muhammad ‘Alî treatment of a crack in the northern dome. Tawfîq collection, which includes 12 cup Designed by a French architect, the envelopes of platinum and gold, and has building’s construction started in 1890 by the 2,753 lobes of diamonds, and other precious Edmond Coignet concrete blocks company. stones, in addition to a golden money bag inlaid with diamonds, and the pocket watch of Located on an area of 2,230 meters on the the Ottoman Sultans and six cups of gold west bank of the canal, the Suez Canal House inlaid with 977 lobes of diamonds. (Mustafa is surrounded by canal waters from the north, Marie, “2 museums, 3 ancient sites to reopen south and east. It consists of a three-story in Alexandria”, Egypt Today, June 28, 2020. main building with a basement, topped by Voir également Ragab Ramadân, three domes covered in faience. « Achèvement de 50 % des travaux de According to Ibrâhîm, the building had an Qâytbây », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 14 juin ; Hishâm attached rest house used for important visitors Shawqî, « Réouverture de 2 musées et de 3 and in which Khedive ‘Abbâs Hilmî II and the sites archéologiques en Alexandrie », al-Masrî King of England George V visited. al-Yawm, 27 juin ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, It was also used by the commander of the « Réouverture de 2 musées et de 3 sites British forces participating in the tripartite archéologiques en Alexandrie », Sada al- aggression against Port Said in 1956. Balad, 27 juin ; Amal Gamâl, « Réouverture de 2 musées et de 3 sites archéologiques en The building was built during the rule of Alexandrie », Watanî, 27 juin). Khedive ‘Abbâs Hilmî II in 1895 directly on the - - Suez Canal in the shape of an Islamic style palace, evident by the three green domes that rise above the building and the interior decoration of the ceilings, walls, the lanterns as well as decorations of the windows from the inside. Governor of the Port Said Major General ‘Âdil al-Ghadbân said in August 2017 that there are plans to turn the historical administrative building into a museum for the history of the Suez Canal. (“Egypt prepares for

restoration of historical Suez Canal House”, The Suez Canal Authority began Egypt Independent, June 28, 2020). evacuating its historical administrative building - - in Port Said, known also as the Suez Canal BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 214

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the impressive staircase that ends in the Lundi 29 juin 2020 pyramids.

Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid Moreover, al-‘Inânî reviewed the al-‘Inânî said that the inauguration of the archaeological projects that have been Baron Palace is a touristic event that has an completed in various governorates in the past important cultural impact. al-‘Inânî further few years, like the restoration of the Hanging stated that the inauguration of the Baron Church, al-Fâtih Mosque located in one of the Palace asserts that Egypt does not forget its presidential palaces and the Jewish temple in history and works to develop the historical Alexandria, where three Islamic, Christian and Heliopolis area. The country is working to Jewish projects were opened in just 3 hours. provide an archaeological infrastructure and al-‘Inânî stated that the first tourist open two airports that will have a positive restaurant in the Haram area [Pyramids Area] is impact on Egyptian tourism, according to al- being prepared for opening, in cooperation ‘Inânî. with an Egyptian company, stressing that there During his speech at the opening of a is a directive to convert the area surrounding number of national projects in the presence of the Grand Egyptian Museum to an President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî, al-‘Inânî added international tourist resort. that the Grand Egyptian Museum project was al-‘Inânî also stated that a global the latest qualitative shift in the West Cairo procession of 22 kings and mummies is region, explaining that before mid-2016, the underway, 22 warships and barges-like implementation rate was 17 percent, but after vehicles have been prepared, pointing out the Engineering Authority of the Armed that the Tahrîr Square and the facade of the Forces took over the project, the Egyptian Museum were developed, all the way implementation rate reached 90 percent. to equipping the Sharm al-Shaykh Museum. Additionally, costs were reduced from LE 1.6 billion to 700 million without affecting the In addition, al-‘Inânî explained that the quality. Baron Empain Palace was not developed since its establishment, noting that the Engineering Authority, in cooperation with national companies, worked on this project according to precise scientific methods. He pointed out that the original photos were referred to for structural engineering work; the palace was suffering from neglect, and now it has become an architectural

masterpiece and has been fully equipped and developed to receive tourists. (Mustafa Marie, al-‘Inânî explained that the Grand Egyptian Museum spans on an area of 490,000 squared “al-‘Inânî: Grand Egyptian Museum is 90% meters. A pyramid wall and a glass façade that complete thanks to Engineering Authority’s provide a panoramic view were completed, efforts”, Egypt Today, June 29, 2020. Voir and 51472 artifacts were transported to the également MENA, « Le ministre du Tourisme museum from all over the country. et de l’Archéologie : Achèvement de 90 % du projet du GEM », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 29 juin ; Egypt’s minister of Tourism & Antiquities ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le palais Empain accueille clarified that 90 percent of the second Khufu ses visiteurs dès demain », al-Ahrâm, 29 juin ; Ship has been restored. This is in addition to Âyât Ahmad, « Mustafa Wazîrî : la restauration restoring Tutankhamun belongings, exhibiting du palais Empain a coûté 175 millions L.E. », 92 pieces on the private stairs, receiving a Sada al-Balad, 29 juin ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, large number of monuments, and completing « Après son inauguration par le président al-

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Sîsî, le palais Empain accueille ses visiteurs witness to the story of Heliopolis, dubbed the demain », al-Shurûq, 29 juin). Sun City. - - Starting June 30 Baron Palace visitors will enjoy a sneak peek inside this historic wonder Mardi 30 juin 2020 in every sense of the word. Baron Palace is one of Egypt’s most magnificent historic landmarks that was restored to its original splendor.

President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî and Khâlid al-‘Inânî during the inauguration of Baron Palace ‘‘After two years of hard work, the dream has come true. Tomorrow the Baron Empain Palace opens its doors to visitors. The opening Baron Palace housed electronic portals, the of this iconic monument by H.E President ‘Abd electronic security system, the lighting system al-Fattâh al-Sîsî today, shows the of the display, preparing the multimedia unprecedented support Egypt is giving to displays, as well as the culturama areas made tourism and antiquities. A heartfelt thank you to serve the visitors. to all my colleagues who worked with passion and devotion in the restoration project of this The one of a kind historical palace is tailor iconic monument’’ stated Egypt’s minister of made to display the history of Heliopolis Antiquities and Tourism Khâlid al-‘Inânî on his throughout the ages. official Instagram account on June 29. The palace will take its visitors on a trip to al-‘Inânî said on Monday that developing the past when the Baron Empain began Baron Palace is one of the most important establishing Heliopolis and building its famous development projects in Heliopolis. palace. ‘‘Baron Palace became a unique artistic One of the old Heliopolis trams was place after its restoration’’ al-‘Inânî said. restored to be exhibited in the palace’s garden. This is in addition to exhibiting the old Minister of Tourism and Antiquities further cars that existed in the streets of Cairo during added that as Baron Palace was sold by heirs, the 20s and 30s of the last centuries. its contents were sold in an auction by new owners before becoming state-owned. The Baron Palace includes a distinguished display of pictures, archival documents, ‘‘A 3D design was made after acquiring drawings of the palace, maps and films about drawings of Baron Palace in order to restore Heliopolis. its architecture properly’’ al-‘Inânî recounted. Heliopolis was founded by Baron Empain After two years of hard work the iconic through the modern re-use of Islamic Palace of the Baron Empain, located in the architecture to establish a city tolerant to all heart of Heliopolis opened its doors to visitors races and religions. for the first time on Tuesday June 30. The colors of the facades of the Baron The Palace was built by the Belgian Palace are the same as the original colors, industrialist Edward Empain in 1911, and it’s where those in charge of restoration carried inspired by Cambodian temples, and bears out all the necessary tests, analyses, as well as BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 216

Juin 2020 photographic and architectural documentation The restoration process revealed the to develop the necessary restoration plans original style of the palace that was inspired using scientific methods. by Indian architecture. The palace was constructed by Belgian millionaire Édouard The new color is the same as the original Louis Joseph Empain. The Belgian millionaire color of the Baron Palace, but the impact of Empain came to Egypt from India at the end weather and time caused people to believe of the 19th century shortly after the opening of the palace’s color changed after its the Suez Canal. restoration. The restoration experts had to brush away layers of dust and dirt to get the original color. According to the minister of Antiquities, the wall that was removed at the palace is not an archaeological wall and was only installed 14 years ago. The minister stressed that none of the original palace’s walls was demolished.

It is worth mentioning that al-‘Inânî said a number of important announcements on June Now after its opening, visitors can enjoy 29 such as announcing that Grand Egyptian this historical monument from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Museum will be the most important touristic The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has and archaeological opening in 2021 set the prices for tickets to visit the Baron ‘‘Hurghada Museum was inaugurated in Palace, where the ticket price for foreign February 2019, the first museum to be visitors is LE 100, LE 50 for foreign students, implemented in partnership with the private LE 20 for Egyptian visitors and LE 10 for sector’’ al-‘Inânî recounted stressing that Egyptian students. Suhâg Museum is one of the most important The ticket prices include a visit to the archaeological openings in 2020. palace, its outdoor gardens, and the tramway. Minister of Tourism and Antiquities further The panorama area (the roof) has a separate added that 22 royal mummies will transfer ticket, which costs L.E 50 for foreign visitors from Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr to Egyptian and L.E 20 for Egyptian visitors. Museum of National civilization in an If you are a fan of history, the palace has international convoy. (Angy Essam, “al-‘Inânî: become an exhibition that tells the history of The opening of Baron Palace by President al- the Heliopolis neighborhood, since its Sîsî shows Egypt’s unprecedented support to establishment. tourism & antiquities”, Egypt Today, June 30, A variety of photos, documentaries and 2020. Voir également “Egypt’s Baron Empain archival documents that tell the history of Palace starts receiving visitors after restoration Heliopolis are showcases in the palace’s work”, Egypt Independent, June 30; rooms. “Inauguration of Baron Empain Palace important for Egypt’s tourism sector: official”, Furthermore, the basement has been Daily News Egypt, June 30). converted into an educational museum for - - children. In the palace’s garden, there is a tourist The historical Baron Empain Palace in services area, which includes a cart to provide Heliopolis District is now officially open for drinks and snacks to visitors, a cafeteria and a visits. The breath-taking palace witnessed a restaurant that have a very distinctive style comprehensive restoration process to return respecting the archaeological environment of to its original state when it was established in the palace and providing a unique experience the 19th century. for visitors. (Mustafa Marie, “Know the ticket

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Juin 2020 prices, time-frame of visits to Baron Empain - Palace”, Egypt Today, June 30, 2020). - -

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VII - WHO’S WHO ?

Voici la liste alphabétique des principaux responsables égyptiens régulièrement cités dans le BIA :

Ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie

‘Abd al-‘Azîz Khidr Directeur général de la zone archéologique de Khârga ‘Abd al-Bâsit ‘Abdallah Silîm Directeur général des antiquités de Haute-Égypte ‘Abd al-Hamîd ‘Alî ‘Umar Directeur general de la zone archéologique de Nag‘ Hammâdî ‘Abd al-Hamîd al-Kafâfî Directeur général de la planification et du suivi des restaurations ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Sa‘îd Directeur général des antiquités d’Aswân et de Nubie Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Nâsir Ahmad ‘Abd Directeur général de la restauration du temple de Karnak al-‘Azîm ‘Abd al-Rahîm Rayhân Directeur général des recherches, des études archéologiques et de la publication scientifique en Basse-Égypte et au Sinaï

‘Abdallah Sa‘d Directeur général de la zone archéologique Est du Caire

‘Âdil Dalla Directeur général des antiquités islamiques du Fayyûm

‘Âdil Ghunaym Directeur général des antiquités islamiques et coptes du Caire et de Gîza

‘Alâ’ al-Shahhât Vice-président du département des antiquités égyptiennes

‘Alâ’ Fawzî Muhammad Directeur de la documentation archéologique de Sâhil Silîm ‘Alî Ahmad ‘Alî Directeur général du département des antiquités restituées

‘Alî al-Bakrî Directeur général des antiquités de Mallawî ‘Alî Dâhî Directeur général du département des acquisitions archéologiques ‘Alî Ridâ Directeur de la vallée des Rois ‘Amr al-Tîbî Directeur exécutif de l’Unité des reproductions archéologiques ‘Âtif Muhammad al-Sa‘îd Directeur des entrepôts muséologiques islamiques et coptes à Fustât

‘Âtif Nagîb Vice-président du département des antiquités islamiques ‘Awnî Mukhtâr Hasan Directeur des antiquités de Fîrân et d’al-Tawr ‘Awnî Qustantîn Hilmî Directeur général de l’entrepôt muséologique de Tell Bastâ ‘Imâd ‘Uthmân Directeur général de la zone archéologique d’al-Darb al-Ahmar

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Who’ s Who ?

‘Imâd Hammâd Président du département de la restauration des antiquités de Rosette

‘Isâm Khamîs Directeur des antiquités de Mît Rahîna ‘Isâm Mughâzî ‘Abd al- Directeur général de l’entrepôt muséologique de Shatb Rahmân

‘Izzat Habîb Salîb Directeur général de la restauration des musées du Grand Caire ‘Umar Muhammad Zakî Directeur général des antiquités de Banî Swayf Abû Bakr Ahmad ‘Abdallah Président de l’administration centrale des antiquités du Caire et de Gîza

Ahmad ‘Abdallah Bilâl Directeur général du Centre des unités archéologiques de Damiette Ahmad ‘Awad Inspecteur en chef de la zone archéologique Ouest d’Aswân Ahmad ‘Ubayd Adjoint du ministre de l’Archéologie pour les affaires techniques Ahmad ‘Urâbî Directeur général du temple de Louqsor Ahmad al-Nimr Membre du bureau scientifique du ministre de l’Archéologie Ahmad al-Sayyid Ahmad Directeur de la zone archéologique de l’arbre de la Vierge Marie à Sulaymân Matariyya Ahmad Fathî Directeur de la zone archéologique de Tell al-Amarna

Ahmad Hammûda Sayyid Inspecteur en chef des antiquités de Balât Ahmad Hasan ‘Abd al-Mâgid Inspecteur en chef des antiquités d’Abû Simbil

Ahmad Hasan Amîn Directeur de la zone archéologique d’Isnâ Ahmad Ibrâhîm Directeur général des zones archéologiques al-Ibâgiyya et al-Tunsî

Ahmad Mahfûz Ibrâhîm Directeur de l’unité archéologique du port de Damiette Ahmad Mûsa Directeur de l’Amphithéâtre romain d’Alexandrie

Ahmad Mûsa Mustafa Inspecteur en chef des antiquités de Khârga

Ahmad Mutâwi‘ Assistant du président du département des antiquités islamiques et coptes Ahmad Shu‘ayb Président de l’administration générale pour la restauration des antiquités et des musées du Delta Est al-Qazzâfî ‘Abd al-Rahîm Directeur de la zone archéologique de Karnak ‘Azab al-Shâfi‘î Muhammad Zahrân Directeur général des fouilles archéologiques du Centre du Delta Amîna ‘Abd al-Munsif Directrice de la restauration des antiquités du Nord d’al-Munûfiyya Amîna al-Bârûdî Assistante du ministre de l’Archéologie pour les services numériques As’ad al-Amîn Directeur des antiquités islamiques et coptes de Qinâ Ashraf ‘Abd al-Salâm Ibrâhîm Inspecteur en chef des antiquités d’al-Gharbiyya

Ashraf ‘Ukâsha Directeur général des antiquités d’Abydos

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 220

Who’ s Who ?

Ashraf Muhyî al-Dîn Directeur général de la zone archéologique de Gîza Ayman al-‘Ashmâwî ‘Alî Président du secteur des antiquités égyptiennes Ayman al-Gunaydî Directeur général du palais Muhammad ‘Alî à Shubrâ al-Khayma Ayman Hindî Directeur de la zone archéologique de Qinâ Bâsim Gihâd Assistant du ministre de l’Archéologie pour le développement des ressources humaines Bassâm Hasan Muhammad Directeur de l’Inspectorat de Burg al-‘Arab Dâlyâ Milîgî Directrice générale du Centre de recherches et de la maintenance des antiquités Diyâ’ Gâd al-Karîm Directeur général des recherches et des études archéologiques dans le département des antiquités islamiques Diyâ’ Zahrân Vice-président du département des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives Doris Hannâ Directrice générale de l’Ancient Egyptian Art Revival Center Fahîma al-Nahhâs Directrice générale des fouilles d’Alexandrie Fathî ‘Awad Directeur du site archéologique de Tûna al-Gabal

Fathî Yâsîn Directeur général de la zone archéologique d’al-Qurna

Gâbir Ahmad Hâziz Inspecteur en chef des antiquités de l’Ouest de Suhâg Gamâl ‘Abd al-Nâsir Directeur général des antiquités de Suhâg

Gamâl al-Hawwârî Directeur général de la zone archéologique du sultan Hasan et d’al- Rifâ‘î Gamâl al-Simistâwî Directeur général des antiquités de Moyenne-Égypte

Gamâl al-Sûsânî Directeur de la zone archéologique d’al-Rahmâniyya, gouvernorat al- Buhayra

Gamâl Fârûq al-Qassâs Directeur général de l’administration générale pour l’enregistrement des antiquités du Delta Centre

Gamâl Mustafa Président du département des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives Gharîb Sunbul Président de l’administration centrale pour la restauration et la maintenance

Hâla Qadrî Silîm Directrice générale des ressources humaines Hamdî Humâm Président de l’administration centrale des unités archéologiques portuaires

Hamdî Amîn Sayyid Inspecteur en chef de Saqqâra-Nord et Centre Hanân Hasan Mitwallî Directrice de l’inspectorat de Dâkhla Hânî Mamdûh Directeur général du Nubian Antiquities Salvage Fund

Hasan Muhammad Inspecteur en chef des antiquités de Dâkhla Hasan Tâhir Inspecteur en chef de la zone archéologique du Nord de Minyâ

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 221

Who’ s Who ?

Hind Muhammad Abû al- Directrice des antiquités du Nord d’al-Daqahliyya Futûh Hisaniyya Muhammad Hilmî Directrice générale des antiquités du Vieux Caire Fadîlî Hishâm al-Laythî Directeur général du Centre de documentation et d’études de l’Égypte ancienne Hishâm Gum‘a Inspecteur en chef des antiquités d’al-Azhar et d’al-Ghûrî Hishâm Husayn Directeur général des antiquités égyptiennes du Nord-Sinaï Hishâm Samîr Ibrâhîm Adjoint au ministre de l’Archéologie pour les affaires architecturales et superviseur général du Historic Cairo Rehabilitation Project (HCRP)

Husâm ‘Abdallah Ahmad Directeur général des antiquités de Bâb al-Sha‘riyya Husâm al-Dîn ‘Abbûd Directeur de la publication scientifique à Qinâ Husnî ‘Abd al-Wahâb Directeur du temple de Montou Ibrâhîm ‘Abd al-Rahmân Directeur général des zones archéologiques du Vieux Caire et de Fustât

Ibrâhîm al-‘Assâl Directeur de la zone archéologique d’al-Gharbiyya Ibrâhîm al-Nuzûrî Directeur général de la documentation archéologique dans le département des antiquités islamiques et coptes

Ibrâhîm Ragab Directeur des antiquités islamiques du Fayyûm Ibrâhîm Rif‘at Directeur général de la zone archéologique de Mît Rahîna

Ibrâhîm Subhî Inspecteur en chef des antiquités d’al-Buhayra Nord Ihâb Fahmî Directeur général de l’administration centrale d’archéologie sous- marine en Alexandrie

Imân Riyâd Directrice général des restaurations à Matariyya et ‘Ayn Shams Îmân Zaydân Assistante du ministre du Tourisme et des Antiquités pour l’investissement et le développement des ressources financières

Kamâl al-Tûkhî Restaurateur d’icônes antiques Kâmil Ahmad Directeur de la zone archéologique de la Nouvelle Vallée Karîm Ahmad Hammâd Directeur des antiquités de ‘Ataba Kârîmân Ahmad Sulaymân Directrice de l’Inspectorat Est d’Alexandrie Khâlid ‘Abd al-Ghanî Farahât Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Buhayra Khâlid ‘Adûl Directeur de la zone archéologique de Sîwa pour les antiquités islamiques

Khâlid Ahmad Shawqî Directeur des antiquités d’Abû Simbil Khâlid al-‘Inânî Ministre de l’Archéologie et du Tourisme

Khâlid Muhammad Abû al- Directeur général des antiquités de Matariyya et de ‘Ayn Shams ‘Ilâ

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 222

Who’ s Who ?

Khidr Madbûlî Directeur général des antiquités du Nord du Caire Magda Shawqî Riyâd Directrice générale de la zone archéologique Nord d’Asyût Magdî Ibrâhîm Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Dâkhla Magdî Mansûr Directeur général des antiquités et des musées du Grand Caire Magdî Muhammad ‘Awad Directeur des temples rupestres de Nubie Magdî Shâkir Restaurateur en chef auprès du ministère de l’Archéologie Mâgid Muslih Superviseur général du département de la coopération internationale Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Bâsit Directeur général du Historic Cairo Rehabilitation Project (HCRP) Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Latîf Directeur de la zone archéologique de Abû Ridîs Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Qâdir ‘Abd Directeur des antiquités d’Alexandrie Ouest al-Salâm Mahmûd Barîqî Président du département de restauration à Kom al-Shuqâfa Mahmûd Musa Directeur général du palais Empain Mahmûd Ragab Directeur général de la zone archéologique de Suez

Mahmûd Salâh Directeur général des antiquités de Minyâ Mahmûd Sha‘bân Directeur des antiquités islamiques et coptes au sud de Gîza

Mamdûh ‘Uda Directeur général du département central de la gestion des crises et des risques Mamdûh Taha Superviseur archéologique du projet de la deuxième barque de Chéops Mansûr ‘Uthmân Directeur général des antiquités islamiques de la Nouvelle Vallée Marwa ‘Abd al-Râziq Responsable du bureau d’enregistrement, de documentation et de la gestion des collections au Musée Égyptien Marwa Sayyid Ismâ‘îl Directrice de l’Unité archéologique à l’aéroport du Caire Mîmî Ibrâhîm ‘Abd al-Samî‘ Directeur général de la zone archéologique d’al-Gharbiyya

Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîm Inspecteur du temple d’Hibis à Khârga Husayn

Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz Président de l’Egyptian Sound and Light Show Company (ESLSC) Muhammad ‘Abd al-Badî‘ Président de l’Administration centrale des antiquités de Haute- Égypte

Muhammad ‘Abd al-Hamîd Directeur des antiquités d’Alexandrie Est Muhammad ‘Abd al-Maqsûd Coordinateur général du projet de développement des sites archéologiques situés dans l’axe du canal de Suez

Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Directeur général des affaires financières ‘Uwayda

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 223

Who’ s Who ?

Muhammad ‘Abdallah Directeur général de la zone archéologique de la citadelle de Saladin

Muhammad Abû al-Wafâ Directeur général des antiquités de la mer Rouge Muhammad Abû Srî‘ Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Gamâliyya Muhammad Ahmad ‘Uthmân Directeur de l’Administration de la documentation archéologique d’Asyût

Muhammad Ahmad Gâd Directeur de l’Inspectorat d’Abûqîr Muhammad al-Husaynî Directeur général des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives de Tamân Basse-Égypte et du Sinaï Muhammad al-Sayyid al- Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Gharbiyya Sawwâf Muhammad al-Sayyid Directeur général des antiquités d’Asyût Muhannadî Muhammad al-Tuhâmî Directeur général des antiquités de Rosette Muhammad Badîr Khalîl Directeur des antiquités du Sud Sinaï

Muhammad Hamâda Directeur général des antiquités du Caire et de Gîza Muhammad Husayn Directeur général de la restauration du temple de Louqsor

Muhammad Husayn Hindâwî Inspecteur en chef de Saqqâra-Sud Muhammad Ismâ‘îl Superviseur du Comité permanent et des missions archéologiques étrangères Muhammad Mahmûd Directeur général de la zone archéologique de Qinâ Muhammad Mahrân Président de l’administration centrale pour les antiquités juives

Muhammad Mitwallî Directeur général des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives d’Alexandrie et de la côte Nord Muhammad Muhammad Directeur du Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes ‘Abd al-Badî‘ Muhammad Muhammad ‘Alî Directeur général des unités archéologiques des ports ‘Uthmân

Muhammad Mustafa Directeur des antiquités de l’Ouest du Caire Muhammad Mustafa ‘Abbâs Directeur de la zone archéologique de l’imâm al-Shâfi‘î Muhammad Ramadân Directeur général des affaires juridiques du CSA Madbûlî Muhammad Rashâd ‘Abd al- Directeur général de la publication scientifique au Centre de Hamîd documentation des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives

Muhammad Sa‘îd Dusûqî Directeur général de la zone archéologique de l’imâm al-Shâfi‘î Muhammad Sayf al-Sayyid Vice-directeur général des ressources humaines Muhammad Sha‘râwî Directeur général de la zone archéologique Ouest du Caire Muhammad Yahya ‘Uwayda Directeur général des antiquités de Louqsor et de Haute-Égypte

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 224

Who’ s Who ?

Muhammad Yûsuf Directeur des antiquités de Dahshûr et d’al-Lisht Muhammad Zayn Directeur de la zone archéologique du Vieux-Caire Muhsin Hilmî Badawî Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Qalyûbiyya Mukhtâr al-Kasabânî Conseiller du ministre de l’Archéologie Muna Yusrî Inspectrice en chef d’Asyût Mushîra Mûsa Conseillère médiatique du ministre de l’Archéologie Mustafa ‘Abd al-‘Azîz Directeur général des zones archéologiques d’al-Minyâ Mustafa ‘Uthmân Directeur général des antiquités du Delta Centre Mustafa al-Saghîr Directeur général des antiquités de Karnak et superviseur du projet du Dromos Mustafa Amîn Conseiller du ministre de l’Archéologie pour les affaires techniques Mustafa Faysal Directeur de l’entrepôt muséologique de Kom Ûshîm Mustafa Muhammad Nûr al- Directeur des antiquités de Sirâbît al-Khâdim Dîn Mustafa Rizq Ibrâhîm Directeur général de la préhistoire au Sud Sinaï

Mustafa Rushdî Directeur général des antiquités du Delta Ouest (Marsa Matrûh, al- Buhayra et Mârînâ) Mustafa Shawqî Ibrâhîm Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Sharqiyya

Mustafa Subhî Directeur général du suivi technique des antiquités du Caire et de Gîza Mustafa Wazîrî Secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités (CSA)

Nabîla Ibrâhîm Ahmad Directrice de l’Inspectorat d’al-‘Âmiriyya Nâdya Khidr Présidente de l’administration centrale des antiquités égyptiennes, grecques et romaines au Delta, au Sinaï et sur la côte Nord Nagwa Mitwallî Directrice générale de l’Administration de la publication scientifique Nashwa Gâbir Directrice générale de l’administration des missions étrangères

Nasr Gibrîl Ibrâhîm Président de l’Administration centrale des saisies archéologiques Ni‘ma Sanad Directrice générale de la zone archéologique de Mârînâ Nirvîn Muhammad Hâfiz Directrice générale des antiquités de l’Ouest du Caire Nivîn al-‘Ârif Consultante médiatique du ministre de l’Archéologie Nûbî Mahmûd Ahmad Directeur général de l’administration des fouilles Qutb Fawzî Qutb Directeur de la zone archéologique de Kafr al-Shaykh Râgyâ Mus‘ad Mâdî Directrice de l’Inspectorat d’al-‘Agamî Rashâ Kamâl Directrice générale du département du développement culturel Rashâ Muhammad ‘Alî Directrice générale des antiquités de Sayyida Zaynab Râshid Muhammad Badrî Directeur de l’inspectorat archéologique de l’Ouest de Suhâg

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 225

Who’ s Who ?

Ridâ Sâlih Directeur général des antiquités de Damiette Riz Diyâb Directeur général des antiquités d’Ismâ‘îliyya Sa‘îd ‘Abd al-Hamîd Directeur général des restaurations des musées archéologiques Sa‘îd Shibl Président de l’administration centrale des entrepôts muséologiques Sabrî Muhyî al-Dîn Farag Directeur général des antiquités de Saqqâra Sabrî Yûsuf ‘Abd al-Rahmân Directeur de la zone archéologique de Dâkhla et de Farâfra Safâ’ ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Ibrâhîm Directrice générale des études et des recherches Salâh al-Hâdî Directeur général de la restauration des antiquités islamiques de Bi’r al-‘Abd et d’al-Qantara Sharq Salâh al-Mâsikh Inspecteur en chef des temples de Karnak à Louqsor Salâma Zahrân Directeur général des antiquités islamiques et coptes d’al-Bahnasâ Sayyid ‘Abd al-‘Alîm Directeur de la zone archéologique d’al-Qantara Sharq Sayyid Ahmad ‘Abd al-Râwî Superviseur de l’Administration des carrières et des mines Sayyid al-Quranî Inspecteur en chef de la rive ouest de Louqsor

Sayyid al-Shûra Directeur général des antiquités du Fayyûm

Sayyid al-Talhâwî Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Daqahliyya Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd Superviseur général du département des antiquités restituées

Sharîf Fawzî Coordinateur général de la rue al-Mu‘izz l-Dîn Allah al-Fâtimî Sharîf Hâmid Directeur des antiquités du Vieux-Caire Sharîf Muhammad ‘Abd al- Assistant du ministre de l’Archéologie pour le développement des Mun‘im sites archéologiques Shâzlî Dunqul Inspecteur en chef de Qinâ

Sophia ‘Abd al-Hâdî Directrice générale des antiquités d’al-Darb al-Ahmar et de Sayyida ‘Â’isha Suhâ Bahgat Porte-parole du ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie

Suhayr al-Sayyid Qunsuwwa Directrice générale des antiquités du Vieux-Caire et de Fustât Sumayya Binyâmîn Présidente du département des Financements Suzi Labîb Directrice générale des antiquités d’Idfû Tahânî ‘Abdu Sâlim Directrice générale du Centre de documentation des antiquités islamiques et coptes de la citadelle Târiq Ahmad Mukhtâr Hirsh Directeur général des antiquités de l’Est du Delta, et sous-directeur du secrétaire général du CSA Usâma Abû al-Khayr Directeur général de la restauration au sein du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM)

Usâma al-Sayyid Directeur de la citadelle Qâytbây en Alexandrie

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 226

Who’ s Who ?

Usâma Farîd ‘Uthmân Directeur de l’entrepôt muséologique de Tell al-Farâ‘în à Kafr al- Shaykh

Usâma Hâmid Directeur de l’entrepôt muséologique des pyramides Usâma Mustafa al-Nahhâs Superviseur du bureau technique du ministre Usâma Tal‘at Président du département des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives Usâma Wahba Directeur général de l’entrepôt muséologique de Tell al-Yahûdiyya Viola Khalîl Ibrâhîm Directrice de l’Inspectorat du Centre d’Alexandrie Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ Président du Département central des affaires techniques Wâ’il Fathî Inspecteur en chef du plateau de Gîza Wâ’il Zakariyyâ al-Balîhî Directeur général de la restauration des antiquités islamiques et coptes dans l’ouest et le centre du Delta

Wagdî ‘Abbâs Directeur général des antiquités du Sud Sinaï Wahîba Sâlih Directrice des antiquités de Dahshûr Walâ’ al-Dîn Badawî Directeur général du palais Manyal Wisâm Kamâl Directeur de la zone archéologique de Sammanûd

Yahya ‘Abd al-Bârî Directeur général de la zone archéologique d’al-Tûd Yahya Hasanayn Directeur général des antiquités d’al-‘Arîsh

Yâsir ‘Abd al-Karîm Directeur général des antiquités du Centre du Caire Yâsir ‘Îsa Zaghlûl Directeur de la zone archéologique d’al-Munûfiyya

Yâsir Fathî Wahba Directeur général de l’administration du cadastre et de la topographie dans le secteur des antiquités islamiques

Yusriyya Ibrâhîm Directrice générale de la zone archéologique de Mustafa Kâmil en Alexandrie Yûsuf al-‘Aqd Directeur général de la restauration de l’administration des manuscrits et des papyrus Yûsuf Khalîfa Président de l’administration centrale des antiquités de Basse- Égypte, du Sinaï et de la côte Nord

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Musées

‘Abd al-Râziq al-Naggâr Secrétaire général de la commission nationale égyptienne pour les musées

‘Alâ’ ‘Abd al-‘Âtî Directeur général du musée archéologique de Suez ‘Alâ’ ‘Abd al-Halîm Directeur général du musée archéologique de Suhâg ‘Âtif Muftâh Superviseur général du projet du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM)

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 227

Who’ s Who ?

‘Imâd Badîr Directeur du musée archéologique de Tantâ ‘Îsa Zaydân Directeur du département de restauration au Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) Ahmad ‘Alî Directeur général des équipements du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) Ahmad al-Shirbînî Superviseur général du Musée national de la Civilisation égyptienne (NMEC) Ahmad Humayda Directeur du musée Atonien al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Basîr Directeur du musée archéologique de la Bibliotheca Alexandrina al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs Directeur des affaires archéologiques du projet du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) Ashraf Abû al-Yazîd Directeur général du musée des Textiles égyptiens Bâsim Ibrâhîm Muhammad Directeur général du musée national d’Alexandrie Gamâl al-Bilim Directeur général de la bibliothèque du Musée Égyptien Gîhân ‘Âtif Directrice générale du musée Copte Gîhân Nisîm Directrice générale du musée archéologique de Mallawî

Hishâm Farghalî Directeur général du musée du Nil à Aswân

Huda Kamâl Directrice générale du musée de l’obélisque de Matariyya Husnî ‘Abd al-Rahîm Directeur général du musée de la Nubie

Ilhâm Salâh al-Dîn Conseillère du ministre de l’Archéologie pour les affaires des musées nouveaux Îmân Shawqî Superviseur du musée de la Barque de Chéops

Inâs al-Ga‘farî Directrice du Musée national de la Civilisation égyptienne (NMEC) Khâlid ‘Azab Président du conseil d’administration de la commission nationale égyptienne pour les musées

Magdî Mansûr Directeur général de la restauration du musée Copte Mahâ Muhammad Présidente de l’administration centrale des musées historiques

Mamdûh Hasan ‘Uthmân Superviseur général du musée d’Art islamique Mamdûh Ramadân Conservateur en chef du musée de Kom Ûshîm Mirvat ‘Izzat Directrice générale du Musée Gayer-Anderson (Bayt al-Kiritliyya) Mirvat Yahya Superviseur des musées d’Alexandrie et de Rosette Mu’min ‘Uthmân Président du secteur des musées Muhammad ‘Abd al-Rasûl Président de l’Administration centrale des antiquités islamiques de Haute-Égypte

Muhammad Badr Directeur des magasins et des registres du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM)

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 228

Who’ s Who ?

Muhammad Sayyid al- Directeur du musée de Rommel Sharqâwî Muna Sha‘bân Directrice générale du musée archéologique d’Ismâ‘îliyya Nabîla Hasanayn Directrice générale du palais al-Gawhara Nivîn Nazâr Adjoint au ministre pour les affaires muséographiques Rândâ Muhammad ‘Abd al- Directrice générale des musées régionaux Ra’ûf Sa‘îd ‘Abd al-Hamîd Directeur général de la restauration des musées archéologiques Sa‘îd Rakhâ Directeur général du musée archéologique de Rosette Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq Directrice générale du Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr Sabâh Muslim Directrice générale des musées de Basse-Égypte Safâ’ Fârûq Directrice générale du musée des Bijoux royaux en Alexandrie Sâmih al-Masrî Directeur général de la planification et de la restauration des musées Sanâ’ Ahmad ‘Alî Directrice générale des musées de Haute-Égypte Târiq al-Qal‘î Directeur général du musée archéologique de la Nouvelle Vallée

Usâma Abû al-Khayr Directeur exécutif du centre de restauration du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) Walâ’ al-Dîn Badawî Directeur général du musée du palais Manyal

Yumna Ismâ‘îl Adjointe au ministre de l’Archéologie pour le suivi du projet du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM)

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Universités

‘Abbâs Mansûr Président de l’Université du Sud de la Vallée ‘Abd al-Wahâb ‘Izzat Président de l’université de ‘Ayn Shams ‘Âtif Mansûr Doyen de la faculté d’Archéologie, université du Fayyûm Ahmad al-Ansârî Chef du département d’archéologie égyptienne à l’université de Suhâg

Ahmad Ragab Muhammad Doyen de la Faculté d’Archéologie, université du Caire Amîn Lutfî Président de l’université de Banî Swayf Fâyza Haykal Professeur d’égyptologie à l’American University in Cairo (AUC) Gamâl al-Dîn ‘Alî Abû al- Président de l’université de Minyâ Magd

Hânî Hilâl Professeur de polytechnique à la faculté Polytechnique, univeristé du Caire ; ScanPyramids Projet coordinator

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 229

Who’ s Who ?

Khâlid Gharîb Président du département des antiquités grecques et romaines à l’université Misr Khâlid Hamza Président de l’université du Fayyûm Khâlid Hasan ‘Abd a-Bârî Président de l’université de Zaqâzîq Mâgid Nigm Président de l’université de Hilwân Mamdûh al-Damâtî Ancien ministre de l’Archéologie, professeur d’archéologie à l’université de Lettres, université de ‘Ayn Shams Mansûr al-Nûbî Doyen de la faculté d’Archéologie de Louqsor Muhammad ‘Uthmân al- Président de l’université du Caire Khasht Muhammad Hasan al-Qinâwî Président de l’université d’al-Mansûra Muhammad Kamâl Khallâf Président du département de la restauration à la faculté d’Archéologie, université du Fayyûm Mukhtâr al-Kasabânî Professeur d’archéologie islamique, université du Caire et conseiller scientifique du ministre de l’Archéologie Muna Fu’âd Chef du département de restauration de la faculté d’Archéologie, université du Caire

Nâsir Mikkâwî Chef du département d’Archéologie à la faculté d’Archéologie, université du Caire

Ra’fat al-Nabarâwî Professeur d’archéologie islamique à l’université du Caire Salâh al-Khûlî Professeur d’archéologie à la faculté d’Archéologie de l’université du Caire

Sâmî Sabrî Shâkir Doyen de l’Institut des études coptes

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Pouvoir exécutif

‘Abd al-Hamîd al-Haggân Gouverneur de Qinâ ‘Âdil al-Ghadbân Gouverneur de Port Sa‘îd ‘Alâ’ ‘Abd al-Halîm Marzûq Gouverneur d’al-Qalyûbiyya ‘Amr Hanafî Gouverneur de la mer Rouge ‘Isâm Sa‘d Gouverneur du Fayyûm Ahmad ‘Abd al-Zâhir Directeur de la Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités Ahmad ‘Abdallah Gouverneur d’Hurghada

Ahmad al-Ansârî Gouverneur de Suhâg Ahmad Râshid Gouverneur de Gîza

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 230

Who’ s Who ?

Ashraf ‘Atiya Gouverneur d’Aswân Hishâm al-Sa‘îd Gouverneur d’al-Gharbiyya Hishâm Âmna Gouverneur d’al-Buhayra Înâs ‘Abd al-Dâyyim Ministre de la Culture Ismâ‘îl ‘Abd al-Hamîd Taha Gouverneur de Kafr al-Shaykh Khâlid ‘Abd al-‘Aal Gouverneur du Caire Khâlid Fûda Gouverneur du Sud Sinaï Khâlid Sa‘îd Gouverneur d’al-Sharqiyya Khâlid Shu‘ayb Gouverneur de Matrûh Muhammad ‘Abd al-Fadîl Gouverneur du Nord Sinaï Shûsha Muhammad ‘Ashmâwî Gouverneur de la Nouvelle Vallée Muhammad Hânî Ghunaym Gouverneur de Banî Swayf Muhammad Mukhtâr Gum‘a Ministre des Waqfs

Muhammad Sharîf Gouverneur d’Alexandrie

Mustafa Alham Gouverneur de Louqsor Mustafa Madbûlî Premier Ministre

Rânyâ al-Mashât Ministre du Tourisme Sa‘îd ‘Abbâs Gouverneur d’al-Munûfiyya

Usâma al-Qâdî Gouverneur de Minyâ Yâsîn Tâhir Gouverneur d’Ismâ‘îliyya

Yâsir al-Dusûqî Gouverneur d’Asyût

- -

Divers

Ahmad ‘Awwâd Président du Fonds de développement culturel (CDF) Ciara Berdiski Responsable culturel du bureau de l’Unesco au Caire Fathî Sâlih Conseiller pour les affaires du patrimoine auprès du conseil des ministres Hishâm ‘Azmî Président du Conseil d’administration du Dâr al-kutub wa-l-wathâ’iq al-qawmiyya

Husâm Ismâ‘îl Professeur d’archéologie islamique à l’université de ‘Ayn Shams et président de l’Association du patrimoine et des arts traditionnels

Lu’ayy Sa‘îd Directeur du Centre des études coptes

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 231

Who’ s Who ?

Monica Hannâ Présidente de l’Unité archéologique à l’Académie arabe des sciences, technologies et transport maritime Muhammad Abû Si‘da Président du National Organisation for Urban Harmony (NOUH) Muhammad al-Kahlâwî Secrétaire général de l’Union générale des archéologues arabes Muhammad Fârûq Directeur du National Center for Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage (CULTNAT) Muna ‘Abd al-Ghanî Haggâg Présidente de la Société archéologique d’Alexandrie Mustafa al-Fiqî Directeur de la Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Bibalex) Nagwa al-Shâzlî Présidente du conseil d’administration du Sound and Light Company Ra’fat al-Nabarâwî Ancien doyen de la faculté d’Archéologie Sâlih Lam‘î Professeur d’architecture et directeur du Centre de ressuscitation du patrimoine architectural islamique

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BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 232

VIII - INDEX

Barques ...... 29, 30, 37, 69, 80, 125, 126, 155, 162, A 177, 181, 200, 213, 223 ADN ...... 87 Barque de Chéops ... 30, 80, 125, 126, 154, 155, Aéroports ...... 17, 38, 47, 91, 185, 191, 215, 223 177, 223, 228 Aéroport international du Caire 16, 38, 42, 52, Barrages 185, 195 Haut barrage d’Aswân ...... 112 Agence Japonaise de Coopération Internationale Basilique ...... 109, 110 (JICA) ...... 71, 80, 81, 82 Bateau ...... 29, 30, 154, 155, 177 Agences de presse ...... 127 Bibliothèques ...... 228 Agence France Presse (AFP) ...... 40, 101 Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Bibalex) ... 22, 29, 33, Associated Press (AP) ...... 47 50, 84, 147, 159, 168, 228, 232 Middle East News Agency (MENA) .. 11, 43, 50, Bijoux ...... 51, 95, 144 52, 57, 58, 60, 64, 76, 93, 99, 111, 119, 126, Boucle d’oreille ...... 148 138, 140, 147, 166, 167, 168, 176, 188, Bracelet ...... 15 193, 215 Collier ...... 19, 148, 182 al-Azhar ...... 135, 222 Bustes ...... 37, 57, 100, 127, 148 Amulette .. 56, 62, 67, 79, 100, 123, 148, 182, 189, Buste de Néfertiti ...... 27, 28 193 C Anatomie humaine Dent ...... 12 Cachettes ...... 30, 56, 158 Squelette ...... 127, 131, 143, 158, 186, 190 Cairo Opera House ...... 30, 87 Ancre ...... 66, 162 Calligraphies ...... 100 Ankh ...... 57, 152 Canneaux Arbre de la Vierge ...... 10, 11, 135 Canal de Suez ...... 71, 133, 214, 217, 223 Arbres Carrières ...... 32, 166 Acacia ...... 139 Cartographie . 44, 56, 62, 65, 70, 73, 92, 104, 108, Cèdre ...... 158 109, 130, 140, 187, 188, 196, 205, 208, 210, Palmier ...... 147, 153 216 Sycomore ...... 11, 139, 148, 149 Cartonnage ...... 185 Armes Cartouche ...... 54, 70 Fusil ...... 186, 210 Catacombes ...... 134, 135 Lance .. 125, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 138, 143, Catacombes de Kom al-Shuqâfa 134, 135, 213, 144, 145, 146, 161, 164, 172, 178, 180 223 Poignard ...... 91 Catalogue ...... 68, 72 Artères historiques Centres de recherches Rue al-Khalîfa ...... 13, 14 American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE) Rue al-Mu‘izz l-Dîn Allâh al-Fâtimî .... 107, 108, ...... 50, 124 129, 135, 145, 159, 160, 226 Center of Documentation and Studies of Artisans ...... 126, 153, 154 Ancient Egypt ...... 222 Atlantide ...... 151 National Center for Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage (CULTNAT) B ...... 44, 232 Bâb-s Unesco World Heritage Center ...... 13 Bâb al-‘Azab ...... 182, 183, 184 Céramique ...... 63 Bâb al-Futûh ...... 154 Cercueil ...... 127 Bâb al-Wazîr ...... 103 Chaînes de télévision ...... 10, 198 Bâb Zuwayla ...... 114, 154 BBC ...... 12, 70 Bains ...... 146, 188 Channel 5 ...... 17 Bandelette ...... 79, 149 Chambre funéraire 37, 42, 52, 62, 63, 65, 88, 101, 146, 156, 157, 158 BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 233

Index

Chandelier ...... 203 Dépôt de fondation ...... 54, 131 Chanteuses d’Amon ...... 125 Déserts Henuttawi ...... 125 Désert Occidental Chapelles17, 18, 53, 54, 58, 67, 68, 125, 126, 148, Nouvelle Vallée ...... 171, 222, 223, 229, 231 149, 180, 181, 203 Tushkâ ...... 87 Chapelle d’Alexandre le Grand ...... 180, 181 Disque solaire ...... 141 Chasse ...... 51, 95, 144, 154, 200 Divinités ... 15, 18, 19, 31, 57, 66, 83, 85, 127, 141, Chaussée montante ...... 145 149, 157, 182, 189, 208 Cimetières 21, 36, 49, 50, 62, 63, 92, 93, 132, 158, Amon ...... 53, 64, 100, 125, 164, 165, 169, 170, 164, 172, 173, 176, 191 184 Cimetière al-Basâtîn ...... 49, 50 Aphrodite ...... 161 Citadelles ...... 115, 188, 213 Apis ...... 184 Citadelle de Qâytbây .. 135, 146, 166, 167, 213, Aton ...... 65, 133 226 Bès ...... 149 Citernes ...... 147 Hathor ...... 17, 18 Citerne Ibn al-Nabîh ...... 147 Horus . 18, 19, 57, 142, 148, 152, 157, 168, 182 Colonnes ... 15, 34, 35, 39, 44, 69, 83, 84, 109, 111, Ibis ...... 107 127, 144, 146, 163, 211 Isis ...... 19, 142, 160, 185, 186, 194 Colosses ...... 133 Khonsou ...... 204 Comités .. 17, 28, 31, 48, 55, 65, 76, 100, 129, 186, Nephthys ...... 19, 142 187, 189, 198, 205 Nout ...... 57 Comité permanent des Antiquités du CSA .. 24, Osiris ...... 18, 19, 30, 37, 57, 142, 149, 152 26, 61, 70, 169, 224 Ptah ...... 36, 37, 97, 142 Commerce ...... 163 Ptah-Sokar-Osiris ...... 142 Compagnies du BTP Sekhmet ...... 36, 97, 208 Orascom Construction Industries ...... 52 Sokaris ...... 142 The Arab Contractors Osman Ahmed Osman Thot ...... 56 & Co...... 33, 35, 44, 113, 156, 214 Dômes ...... 14, 21, 35, 68, 133, 163, 203, 214 Conseil Suprême des Antiquités . 9, 11, 14, 18, 20, Dromos ...... 23, 53, 54, 73, 85, 104, 105, 181, 204, 21, 24, 30, 32, 33, 39, 40, 43, 45, 51, 53, 56, 205, 225 61, 62, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 82, 83, E 88, 89, 95, 96, 100, 104, 112, 114, 116, 117, 123, 124, 130, 131, 142, 156, 157, 158, 159, Eau souterraine ...... 13, 42, 146, 165, 169 164, 168, 169, 170, 172, 182, 183, 185, 186, Écritures 189,191, 193, 195, 197, 198, 201, 202, 204, Hiératique ...... 131, 149 207, 208, 213, 224, 225, 226 Hiéroglyphes ...... 16, 21, 27, 56, 57, 62, 66, 93, Conservation ...... 24, 34, 49, 53, 96, 101, 125, 138, 139, 142, 163 142, 145, 148, 169, 210 Églises ...... 12, 13, 69, 70, 85, 114, 132, 180 Coopération ... 35, 65, 66, 69, 77, 86, 99, 120, 151, Église al-Mu‘allaqa ...... 215 163, 184, 223 Église Saint-Serge ...... 114, 180 Coran ...... 35, 163, 167, 199 Enchères ...... 25, 26, 64, 75, 184, 216 Cosmétique ...... 95 Entrepôts muséologiques ..... 22, 49, 95, 119, 219, Parfum ...... 95 220, 225, 226, 227 Couleurs Entreprises beige ...... 44 Egyptian Sound and Light Show Company blanc ...... 44, 59, 89, 134 (ESLSC) ...... 11, 113, 223 bleu ...... 37, 56, 131, 148, 189, 193 Samsung Electronics Egypt ...... 99 jaune ...... 89, 142 Environnement ...... 67 noir ...... 16, 36, 97, 139, 173, 182 Époques rose ...... 96 byzantine ...... 69 rouge ...... 99 copte .. 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 32, 33, 34, 35, 58, 69, Couronnes ...... 27, 70 70, 81, 105, 128, 132, 133, 135, 136, 143, Croix ...... 12, 172 144, 180 Crypte ...... 110 gréco-romaine 28, 80, 133, 134, 161, 162, 182, 190, 192, 205, 206, 209 D grecque ...... 19, 51, 121, 171, 182, 185, 192 Danse ...... 95, 200 hellénistique ...... 12 Demeures bourgeoises islamique ...... 36, 45, 46, 47, 68, 153, 228, 230, Bayt al-Suhaymî ...... 135 231, 232

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 234

Index

fatimide ...... 154 Fonds mamelouke ...... 103, 154, 167, 213 Fonds de développement culturel (CDF) .... 231 ottomane ...... 15, 103, 135, 153, 163, 214 Nubian Antiquities Salvage Fund (NASF) ... 221 pharaonique Fontaine ...... 81, 102, 174 Ancien Empire ...... 19, 25, 43, 104, 141, 145, Fouilles archéologiques 12, 13, 14, 19, 22, 23, 26, 189 38, 39, 43, 51, 52, 53, 54, 58, 59, 60, 62, 68, IIIe dynastie ...... 144 77, 82, 88, 99, 100, 110, 112, 117, 120, 121, IVe dynastie ...... 152 123, 124, 132, 146, 149, 156, 172, 186, 188, Ve dynastie ...... 144 191, 193, 205, 207, 210, 211, 220, 221, 225 VIe dynastie ...... 19, 132, 134 Fouilles illcites ..... 14, 23, 38, 51, 58, 60, 82, 99, Basse époque ...... 54, 61, 142, 173, 184, 192, 110, 132, 210, 211 205 Fouilles sous-marines ...... 162 XXVIe dynastie ...... 61, 62, 63, 173, 184 G XXXe dynastie ...... 53, 208 dynasties Gabal al-Tayr ...... 68, 69, 114, 135 XVIIe dynastie ...... 148, 149 Gouvernorats ... 14, 23, 38, 43, 70, 82, 90, 96, 103, Moyen Empire .... 30, 31, 100, 174, 181, 182, 119, 132, 147, 151, 176, 211, 221 200 Gouvernorat d’al-Minyâ ...... 12, 56, 58, 119 XIIe dynastie ...... 149 Gouvernorat d’al-Sharqiyya ...... 96, 119 Nouvel Empire .... 53, 72, 111, 189, 193, 201 Gouvernorat d’Aswân ...... 11, 90 XIXe dynastie ...... 25, 51, 74 Gouvernorat d’Asyût ...... 70, 151 XVIIIe dynastie . 51, 54, 65, 124, 152, 166 Gouvernorat de Kafr al-Shaykh ...... 211 Période thinite Gouvernorat de Marsa Matrûh ...... 209 Ie dynastie ...... 152 Gouvernorat de Suhâg ...... 38, 43 IIe dynastie ...... 146 Gouvernorat du Caire ...... 81, 147, 156 Troisième Période intermédiaire Grotte ...... 40, 41, 150 XXIe dynastie ...... 168, 173 Guerre ...... 210 prédynastique ...... 79, 104 H Nagada I ...... 78 préhistoire ...... 138, 139, 170, 190, 194, 225 Humidité ...... 96 ptolémaïque .. 15, 19, 27, 39, 54, 131, 172, 192, Hyksôs ...... 78 205 Ptolémaïque ...... 213 I romaine ... 12, 15, 19, 27, 28, 43, 54, 67, 70, 79, Icône ...... 222 80, 102, 121, 133, 134, 138, 171, 172, 182, Incendie ...... 91, 92, 103, 150, 212 184, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 204, 205, Insectes ...... 111, 201 206, 209, 225, 230 Scarabée ..... 47, 56, 62, 148, 163, 182, 193, 198 saïte ...... 123, 173 Instituts Équinoxe ...... 85 Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Kairo Érosion ...... 75, 167 (DAIK) ...... 23 Esclave ...... 187 Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) ...... 52 Exposition archéologique .... 10, 20, 25, 32, 38, 39, Institut français d’archéologie orientale (Ifao) 40, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 52, 58, 72, 74, 80, 84, ...... 164 86, 87, 94, 95, 108, 111, 130, 136, 137, 138, International Council on Monuments and Sites 156, 158, 161, 162, 168, 171, 179, 189, 190, (Icomos) ...... 141 195, 196, 197, 198, 201, 205, 206, 210, 213, Internet . 40, 50, 75, 124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 138, 217 144, 145, 162, 171, 198 F Irrigation ...... 42, 212 Islam ...... 13, 68 Faïence ... 16, 56, 67, 100, 142, 148, 189, 193, 214 Ivoire ...... 163 Famille royale J Ankhesenamon ...... 54 Hétep-Hérès ...... 79 Jardins ...... 14, 35, 43, 45, 48, 71, 81, 98, 102, 108, Mersyânkh III ...... 126, 179 109, 138, 147, 151, 174, 194, 196, 203, 210, Néfertari ...... 31, 53, 73 216, 217 Néfertiti ...... 27, 28, 51, 63, 74, 87, 88, 89, 124, Jardin al-Andalous ...... 81 133, 134, 176 Jarre ...... 56, 142, 157, 158, 184, 185, 186 Tiy ...... 87, 166 Jésus ...... 69, 144, 186 Figurine ...... 56, 62, 142, 149, 158 Journée internationale des musées ...... 171, 172

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 235

Index

Journée mondiale du patrimoine .... 117, 140, 141 Masques 25, 26, 31, 51, 56, 79, 89, 115, 118, 119, Juif ...... 12, 33, 34, 35, 49, 50, 58, 69, 70, 105, 132, 137, 152, 157, 158, 160, 164, 166, 178, 193, 133, 135, 146, 215 194, 204 Mastabas ...... 49, 96 K Matériaux de construction Khôl ...... 70 Béton ...... 166, 167, 212, 214 Kiswa ...... 93 Bois ..... 15, 16, 17, 29, 35, 37, 48, 49, 53, 56, 80, Kom-s 103, 106, 109, 110, 118, 125, 126, 134, Kom al-Dikka ...... 33 136, 139, 142, 148, 149, 153, 154, 155, Kom al-Khilgân ...... 77, 79 156, 157, 163, 174, 177, 181, 182, 184, Kom al-Nâdûra ...... 119, 135, 136, 146 189, 190, 200, 201 Kom al-Shuqâfa ...... 134, 135, 213, 223 Brique crue ..... 79, 93, 131, 148, 149, 151, 204, Kom Shaqâw ...... 19 205 Kom Ûshîm ...... 225, 228 Ciment ...... 169 Kuttâb-s ...... 103 Gypse ...... 28 Kuttâb Yûsuf Aghâ al-Habashî ...... 103 Plâtre ...... 139, 174 Mausolées ...... 203 L Mers Lacs ...... 64, 147 Mer Méditerranée ...... 33, 206, 213 ‘Ayn al-Sîra ...... 64, 112, 147, 170 Alexandrie . 39, 67, 107, 108, 119, 147, 161, Lampe ...... 44, 47, 70, 102, 182 162, 166, 197, 206, 214, 220, 221, 222, Le Caire historique ...... 20, 34, 108, 145, 153, 159, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231, 232 203, 222, 223 Marsa Matrûh 119, 145, 209, 210, 225, 231 Liste du patrimoine ...... 81 Mer Rouge . 11, 17, 95, 119, 135, 200, 224, 230 Livre des Morts ...... 30, 54, 189 al-Qusayr ...... 98 Loculi ...... 134 Hurghada . 11, 63, 65, 94, 95, 119, 195, 199, Lois 200, 217, 230 Loi 117/1983 ...... 74, 102 Sharm al-Shaykh ...... 38, 63, 65, 69, 94, 103, 110, 111, 168, 169, 181, 195, 200, 201, M 215 Madrasa-s ...... 129 Métaux ...... 26, 43, 109, 148, 181, 200 Maladies ...... 143 Argent 37, 48, 54, 100, 153, 157, 158, 161, 167 Covid-19 ...... 99, 107, 109, 113, 114, 115, 116, Bronze ...... 15, 48, 67, 102, 172, 173, 184, 185 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 124, 125, 126, Cuivre . 16, 41, 48, 67, 100, 131, 155, 159, 167, 128, 129, 130, 135, 136, 137, 139, 141, 177, 182, 203 145, 146, 147, 159, 160, 162, 164, 166, Fer ...... 48, 109 167, 171, 177, 179, 193, 194, 195, 198, Or 15, 16, 22, 26, 27, 28, 37, 51, 53, 54, 56, 62, 199, 204, 206, 207, 211, 212 79, 87, 115, 161, 163, 166, 178, 199, 214 Paludisme ...... 87, 176 Mihrâb ...... 15, 35, 163 Peste ...... 176 Minaret ...... 14, 15 Pied plat ...... 87 Minbar ...... 15, 163 Malédiction des pharaons ...... 53 Ministères Mammifères 15, 41, 111, 142, 143, 144, 150, 154, Ministère de la Culture ...... 164, 192 158, 182, 201 Ministère des Affaires étrangères ...... 43 Âne ...... 41, 150 Ministère des Waqfs ...... 133 Babouin ...... 181, 200 Ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie ... 9, Bélier ...... 14 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 20, 23, 25, 27, 30, 31, 32, Cerf ...... 150 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 48, 50, Chameau ...... 41, 150 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, Chat ...... 149 69, 74, 75, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, Chauve-souris ...... 180 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 102, 103, 105, 106, 109, Cheval ...... 186 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, Guépard ...... 103, 104 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, Léopard ...... 134 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, Lion ...... 152, 182 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, Singe ...... 70 146, 150, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 159, Vache ...... 141 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, Manuscrit ...... 46, 51, 227 170, 171, 172, 177, 178, 179, 180, 183, Mashrabiyya ...... 190 184, 185, 186, 191, 194, 195, 197, 198,

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 236

Index

199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 207, 208, Musée archéologique de Sharm al-Shaykh .. 63, 209, 210, 211, 212, 217, 220, 221, 222, 103, 110, 111, 168, 169, 181, 195, 200, 223, 225, 226, 228, 229, 230 201, 215 Moine ...... 13, 55 Musée archéologique de Suez ...... 133, 227 Moïse ...... 135 Musée archéologique de Suhâg .... 43, 197, 217, Momies ... 12, 15, 16, 22, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 46, 47, 227 48, 49, 53, 54, 56, 57, 62, 79, 80, 87, 89, 105, Musée archéologique de Tantâ ...... 228 106, 114, 126, 127, 139, 142, 143, 148, 149, Musée Atonien ...... 64, 65, 211, 212, 228 157, 158, 166, 167, 170, 171, 185, 189, 190, Musée Copte ...... 74, 143, 144, 228 215, 217 Musée d’Art islamique ...... 36, 45, 46, 153, 198, Momie de Néfertiti ...... 89 228 Momification ... 47, 50, 54, 63, 127, 152, 156, 157, Musée de Kom Ûshîm ...... 228 158 Musée de l’aéroport du Caire ...... 185 Monastères ...... 12, 13, 55, 68, 70, 179 Musée de la Barque de Chéops ...... 228 al-Dayr al-Ahmar ...... 128 Musée de la Nubie ...... 228 Dayr Abû Fânâ ...... 12, 13 Musée de Plein Air ..... 73, 92, 96, 104, 164, 205 Monastère de Saint Ménas ...... 135, 146, 147 Musée des Bijoux royaux ...... 107, 108, 229 Monnaie . 12, 13, 28, 43, 47, 48, 67, 102, 121, 162, Musée des Textiles égyptiens ...... 228 163, 172, 173, 182, 186, 199 Musée du Louvre ...... 26, 28, 164, 190 Mosaïques ...... 70 Musée du palais Manyal ...... 229 Mosquées . 14, 15, 34, 35, 129, 161, 163, 203, 213 Musée Égyptien ...... 9, 10, 17, 23, 24, 29, 30, 31, Mosquée Ahmad Ibn Tûlûn ...... 172 36, 37, 38, 40, 43, 48, 52, 53, 57, 58, 63, 65, Mosquée al-Fath ...... 14, 15, 32, 34, 35, 163 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 79, 80, 82, 87, 91, 96, 97, Mosquée al-Mahallî ...... 111 102, 106, 110, 112, 113, 115, 117, 118, Mosquée al-Zâhir Baybars ...... 69 120, 123, 133, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, Mosquée de l’imâm al-Shâfi‘î ...... 202, 203, 204 144, 154, 155, 166, 167, 171, 173, 174, Mosquée Gamâl al-Dîn al-Astâdâr ...... 159, 167 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 181, 185, 189, Mosquée Ibn Barqûq ...... 129 193, 194, 195, 198, 199, 200, 201, 207, Mosquée Muhammad ‘Alî ...... 160, 161 210, 215, 217, 223, 226, 227, 228, 229 Musées Musée Erwin Rommel ...... 145, 209, 210, 229 British Museum ...... 27 Musée Gayer-Anderson ... 35, 36, 171, 172, 228 Buffalo Museum of Science ...... 79, 80 Musée gréco-romain ...... 161, 162, 205, 206 Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) 9, 10, 17, 23, 24, Musée national d’Alexandrie ...... 197, 213, 228 28, 29, 30, 31, 36, 37, 38, 40, 43, 48, 52, 53, Musée national de la Civilisation égyptienne 57, 58, 63, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 79, 80, 82, 87, (NMEC) ..... 23, 24, 31, 32, 64, 106, 110, 112, 91, 92, 96, 97, 102, 110, 112, 113, 114, 117, 139, 140, 147, 166, 167, 170, 171, 181, 118, 120, 123, 136, 137, 138, 154, 155, 189, 190, 195, 201, 228 166, 167, 171, 173, 174, 177, 179, 181, Musée zoologique ...... 143 201, 207, 210,211, 215, 217, 226, 227, 228, Museum of Fine Arts in Boston ...... 25 229 Národní muzeum ...... 158 Michael C. Carlos Museum of Atlanta ...... 27 Niagara Falls museum ...... 27 Musée archéologique d’Hurghada ... 11, 94, 95, Nicholson Museum ...... 138 195, 199, 200, 217 Northampton Museum ...... 26 Musée archéologique d’Ismâ‘îliyya ...... 229 Perth Museum and Art Gallery ...... 127 Musée archéologique de Kafr al-Shaykh .... 195, Saint Louis Art Museum (SLAM) ...... 25 207, 208 The Metropolitan Museum of Art ...... 26 Musée archéologique de la Bibliotheca Virginia Museum of Fine Arts ...... 213 Alexandrina ...... 228 Muséologie ..... 43, 49, 77, 102, 119, 161, 219, 220, Musée archéologique de la nouvelle capitale 225, 227 administrative ...... 93, 130, 168 Musique ...... 44, 95, 154, 200 Musée archéologique de la Nouvelle Vallée N ...... 229 Musée archéologique de Mallawî ..... 19, 20, 65, Naos ...... 36, 97 84, 109, 228 National Organisation for Urban Harmony Musée archéologique de Marsa Matrûh ..... 145, (NOUH) ...... 232 209, 210 Nécropoles ...... 100, 101, 115, 123, 125, 132, 143, Musée archéologique de Rosette ...... 107, 229 148, 149 Nécropole al-‘Asâsîf ...... 36 Nécropole de Banî Hasan ...... 132

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 237

Index

Nécropole de Saqqâra ...... 100, 101, 115, 145 al-Qalyûbiyya ...... 225, 230 Nécropole thébaine ...... 125 al-Sharqiyya ... 24, 60, 61, 83, 96, 99, 114, Niche ...... 131, 134, 142, 163, 192 119, 150, 164, 175, 225, 231 Nil ..... 27, 52, 69, 77, 78, 79, 81, 92, 112, 171, 191, Sâ al-Hagar ...... 173 199, 204, 209, 212, 228 Sân al-Hagar (Tanis) ..... 23, 24, 60, 61, Noms de lieux 70, 83, 84, 96, 99, 112, 119, 153, Allemagne ...... 28, 186 164 Berlin ...... 28 al-Zaqâzîq ...... 23, 38, 70, 112, 230 Munich ...... 158 Damiette ...... 220, 226 Tübingen ...... 156, 158 Kafr al-Shaykh .. 114, 195, 207, 208, 211, Arabie saoudite ...... 93, 192, 193 225, 227, 231 Australie ...... 39, 138, 139 Tell al-Farâ‘în ...... 207, 208, 227 Sydney ...... 39 Gîza10, 11, 23, 25, 67, 68, 70, 71, 75, 97, 98, Autriche ...... 27 102, 107, 108, 112, 113, 114, 115, 118, Vienne ...... 27 120, 122, 126, 141, 143, 151, 152, 154, Belgique ...... 44, 72, 110, 196 166, 171, 178, 195, 199, 206, 210, 219, Biélorussie ...... 65, 66 220, 221, 223, 224, 225, 227, 230 Canada ...... 179 Abû Rawwâsh ...... 51 Chine Abûsîr ...... 158, 191, 192 Hong Kong ...... 184 al-Lisht ...... 145, 225 Pékin ...... 99 Dahshûr ...... 145, 181, 200, 225, 227 Shanghai ...... 184 Memphis ...... 157, 168 Taïwan ...... 107 Mît Rahîna ...... 210, 220, 222 Confédération Suisse Saqqâra 26, 48, 49, 89, 90, 100, 101, 115, Genève ...... 184 124, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 156, Zurich ...... 184 158, 176, 221, 224, 226 Écosse ...... 127 Bubastéion ...... 30 Égypte Haute-Égypte11, 12, 56, 57, 58, 61, 64, 114, Alexandrie 13, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 42, 50, 51, 132, 134, 187, 199, 201, 202 67, 84, 107, 108, 119, 134, 135, 146, Aswân ... 11, 13, 38, 85, 87, 88, 90, 92, 99, 147, 159, 161, 162, 166, 168, 191, 192, 103, 112, 129, 135, 160, 194, 202, 197, 205, 206, 213, 214, 215, 220, 221, 219, 220, 228, 231 222, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231, Abû Simbil 11, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 112, 232 113, 194, 195, 206, 220, 222 Abû Mînâ ...... 135, 146, 147 Idfû ...... 113, 226 Abûqîr ...... 162, 224 Kum Umbû ...... 168 al-‘Âmiriyya ...... 225 Philæ ...... 11, 99, 112, 113, 194, 195 al-Shâtbî ...... 50 Qubbat al-Hawâ ...... 93 Burg al-‘Arab ...... 221 Asyût .. 20, 28, 47, 70, 102, 110, 114, 134, Héraklion ...... 162, 213 151, 188, 223, 224, 225, 231 Kom al-Dikka ...... 33 Louqsor 11, 13, 17, 18, 23, 24, 26, 27, 38, Kom al-Shuqâfa ...... 134, 135, 213, 223 47, 52, 53, 54, 60, 73, 74, 79, 85, 88, Taposiris Magna ...... 191, 192 91, 92, 99, 104, 106, 116, 117, 119, Delta ...... 77, 78, 79, 84, 119, 187, 191, 206, 120, 124, 129, 148, 149, 152, 155, 220, 221, 225, 226, 227 164, 165, 169, 176, 178, 180, 181, al-Buhayra ... 82, 111, 221, 222, 225, 231 195, 202, 204, 205, 220, 224, 226, Rosette .. 13, 22, 27, 28, 107, 111, 146, 230, 231 147, 191, 220, 224, 228, 229 al-‘Asâsîf ...... 30, 36, 54, 79 Wâdî al-Natrûn ...... 55, 82, 114 al-Dayr al-Baharî ..... 53, 106, 107, 168 al-Daqahliyya . 14, 21, 22, 77, 78, 79, 222, al-Qurna ...... 221 226 al-Tûd ...... 227 Kom al-Khilgân ...... 77, 79 Dayr al-Madîna ...... 72 Tell al-Farkha ...... 78 Dhirâ‘ Abû al-Nagâ ...... 148, 149 al-Gharbiyya ...... 114, 220, 222, 223, 224, Isnâ ...... 162, 220 231 Karnak ... 11, 13, 14, 23, 24, 25, 47, 53, Tantâ ...... 192, 228 73, 74, 86, 99, 104, 113, 117, 133, al-Ismâ‘îliyya ...... 46, 168, 226, 229, 231 152, 164, 165, 169, 170, 195, 204, al-Mansûra ...... 230 205, 219, 220, 225, 226 al-Munûfiyya ...... 220, 227, 231 Naga‘ Abû ‘Usba ...... 204

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 238

Index

Thèbes ...... 47, 126 al-Bahnasâ ..... 19, 58, 67, 68, 119, 172, Vallée des Singes ...... 54, 176 173, 226 Nubie ...... 64, 75, 112, 113, 160, 194, 219, Banî Hasan ...... 132, 149 223, 228 Mallawî .. 19, 20, 65, 84, 109, 121, 219, Qinâ ...... 11, 92, 132, 202, 220, 221, 222, 228 224, 226, 230 Tûna al-Gabal ... 12, 19, 55, 61, 68, 221 Dandara ...... 28, 92, 145 al-Ghurayfa ...... 55, 57, 63, 68 Nag‘ Hammâdî ...... 135, 219 Suhâg . 18, 19, 38, 39, 43, 58, 59, 88, 102, Suhâg 112, 128, 171, 197, 217, 221, 225, Kom Shaqâw ...... 19 227, 229, 230 Tushkâ ...... 87 Abîdus ...... 43, 92, 131, 220 Le Caire ...... 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23, Akhmîm ...... 58, 88, 145 24, 25, 26, 30, 32, 34, 38, 42, 43, 48, 49, Athribis ...... 43 50, 52, 57, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, Nouvelle-Vallée 71, 72, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 84, 87, 91, 93, al-Dâkhla ...... 223 99, 101, 106, 107, 108, 112, 114, 119, Balât ...... 220 129, 132, 145, 147, 153, 154, 156, 158, Port Sa‘îd ...... 214 159, 165, 171, 172, 175, 182, 183, 184, Sinaï ...... 24, 40, 41, 110, 114, 119, 123, 150, 185, 186, 191, 195, 196, 197, 203, 207, 187, 188, 193, 219, 222, 224, 225, 227, 208, 215, 216, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 231 225, 226, 227, 229, 230, 231 Nord-Sinaï ... 41, 114, 119, 150, 187, 188, al-Basâtîn ...... 49, 50 222, 231 al-Darb al-Ahmar ...... 103, 219, 226 al-‘Arîsh ...... 188 al-Fustât ... 23, 31, 32, 106, 112, 139, 140, al-Farmâ ...... 114, 187, 188 147, 166, 170, 171, 189, 195, 204, al-Qantara Est ...... 226 219, 222, 226 Wâdî al-Zulma ...... 150 al-Gamâliyya ...... 159, 167, 224 Sud-Sinaï . 24, 40, 41, 150, 224, 225, 227, al-Khalîfa ...... 13, 14 231 Bâb al-Khalq ...... 45 Sirâbît al-Khâdim ...... 40, 41, 225 Centre-ville ...... 60 Suez ...... 71, 133, 185, 214, 217, 223, 227 Héliopolis ...... 43, 44, 45, 72, 76, 77, 105, Wâdî al-Garf ...... 151, 187 107, 108, 109, 123, 195, 196, 197, Émirats arabes unis 215, 216, 217 Chardja ...... 15, 16, 55 Hilwân ...... 105, 230 Espagne ...... 63, 64, 72, 75, 76, 81, 107, 112 Matariyya 10, 11, 44, 123, 135, 196, 220, Barcelona ...... 172 222, 228 Madrid ...... 63, 64, 75, 76 Sayyida Zaynab ...... 153, 225 États-Unis 23, 25, 26, 27, 34, 40, 49, 50, 52, 75, Shubrâ ...... 221 112, 184 Vieux-Caire . 34, 106, 107, 114, 129, 130, Atlanta ...... 27 132, 225, 226 Boston ...... 25, 39, 40 Zamâlik ...... 24, 115, 118, 168 Chicago ...... 88 Marsa Matrûh Los Angeles ...... 39 al-‘Alamayn ...... 24, 168 Manhattan ...... 27 Mârînâ al-‘Alamayn ...... 168 New York ...... 26, 27, 131, 184, 190 Moyenne-Égypte ...... 221 Philadelphia ...... 26 Banî Swayf ... 23, 168, 176, 220, 229, 231 Virginia ...... 213 Fayyûm ..... 10, 42, 52, 119, 163, 167, 171, France ...... 26, 27, 34, 72, 87, 92, 98, 164, 179, 219, 222, 226, 229, 230 192, 214 Hawwâra ...... 12, 42, 119 Paris ...... 26, 39, 87, 184, 190 Kom Ûshîm ...... 225, 228 Géorgie ...... 125 Maydûm ...... 104, 176 Grèce ...... 77, 86 Minyâ .... 12, 13, 19, 20, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, Athènes ...... 86 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 114, Inde ...... 217 119, 121, 132, 172, 173, 181, 182, Israël ...... 66 212, 221, 223, 225, 229, 231 Haïfa ...... 66, 67 al-Amarna19, 119, 134, 176, 212, 220 Jérusalem ...... 66, 69, 144 al-Ashmûnayn (Hermopolis Magna) Italie ...... 34, 42, 43, 51, 52, 75, 112, 192 ...... 19, 61, 62 Milan ...... 184 Rome ...... 27, 43

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Index

Salerno ...... 42, 43 Badîr (Muhammad) ...... 224 Venise ...... 24, 51, 52, 86 Bakr (Ibrâhîm) ...... 85 Japon ...... 29, 71, 80, 81, 82, 154 Bokova (Irina) ...... 190 Kazakhstan ...... 69 Bonaparte (Napoléon) ...... 33, 162 Astana ...... 69 Borchardt (Ludwig) ...... 28 Palestine ...... 188 Carter (Howard) ...... 10, 17, 52, 53 Pays-Bas ...... 75, 112 Champollion (Jean-François) ...... 27, 190, 191 Amsterdam ...... 184 Eggebrecht (Arne) ...... 27 République tchèque ...... 158, 188 Eiffel (Gustave) ...... 98 Prague ...... 158 Empain (Édouard Louis Joseph) 43, 44, 45, 72, Royaume-Uni ...... 17, 25, 26, 27, 137, 179, 190, 76, 77, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 195, 196, 214 197, 215, 216, 217, 218, 223 Londres ...... 10, 12, 39, 179, 184, 197 Farag (Samîr) ...... 53 Soudan ...... 112 Galán (José M.) ...... 148 Syrie ...... 69 Goddio (Franck) ...... 213 Turquie Harrell (James) ...... 199 Constantinople ...... 110 Hasan (Silîm) ...... 104 Noms de personnes Hawwâs (Zâhî) 9, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 52, 54, 63, ‘Abbâs (al-Tayyib) ...... 36, 79, 97, 136, 173, 228 64, 75, 76, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 116, 124, 129, ‘Abd al-‘Azîz (Muhammad) ...... 11, 113, 223 151, 152, 176, 187, 206 ‘Abd al-Basîr (al-Husayn) ...... 22, 23, 84, 228 Haykal (Fâyza) ...... 229 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd (Sha‘bân) ...... 184, 226 Husnî (Fârûq) ...... 28, 29 ‘Abd al-Latîf (Muhammad) ...... 65, 163 Ibrâhîm (Muhammad) ...... 85 ‘Abd al-Maqsûd (Muhammad) ...... 223 Johnson (Ray) ...... 88 ‘Abd al-Nâsir (Gamâl) ...... 19, 64, 221 Khidr (Nâdya) ...... 225 ‘Abd al-Râziq (Sabâh) ... 31, 102, 110, 166, 167, Lam‘î (Sâlih) ...... 232 176, 181, 193, 201, 229 Lauer (Jean-Philippe) ...... 145 ‘Awad (Muhammad) ...... 223 Lehner (Mark) ...... 206 ‘Azab (Khâlid) ...... 228 Mabrûk (Mahmûd)95, 111, 130, 168, 189, 201 ‘Ukâsha (Ashraf) ...... 220 Marcel (Alexandre) ...... 76 Abû al-‘Ilâ (Wa‘d) 9, 13, 14, 20, 35, 48, 70, 102, Martinez (Kathleen) ...... 192 103, 110, 151, 162, 164, 181, 194, 201, Mitwallî (Muhammad) ...... 16, 156, 166, 224 206, 212, 227 Mubârak (Husnî) ...... 26, 53 Abû al-Khayr (Usâma) ...... 226, 229 Muftâh (‘Âtif) ..... 29, 36, 57, 68, 91, 96, 97, 110, al-‘Ashmâwî (Ayman) ...... 38, 41, 78, 119, 145, 113, 117, 118, 136, 137, 154, 173, 211, 227 150, 221 Muhyî al-Dîn (Ashraf) ...... 52, 118, 178, 221 al-‘Inânî (Khâlid) ... 9, 10, 11, 14, 17, 23, 24, 28, Mukhtâr (Gamâl) ...... 25 29, 32, 33, 35, 44, 45, 50, 53, 55, 58, 60, 61, Mustafa (Gamâl) ...... 12, 14, 34, 69, 105, 221 62, 65, 67, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 81, 82, Nazîf (Ahmad) ...... 53 83, 86, 92, 93, 94, 99, 100, 101, 103, 105, Niwiński (Andrzej) ...... 107 106, 107, 110, 111, 112, 113, 117, 119, Nizâr (Nevine) ...... 44, 130, 168 120, 124, 128, 130, 136, 139, 141, 158, Petrie (William Matthew Flinders) ...... 12 168,170, 174, 175, 182, 183, 186, 187, 189, Qadrî (Ahmad) ...... 25 195, 196, 199, 200, 201, 202, 209, 210, Qutb (‘Abd al-Hamîd) ...... 225 213, 215, 216, 217, 222 Radwân (‘Alî) ...... 82, 85 al-Damâtî (Mamdûh) ...... 88, 89, 230 Rayhân (‘Abd al-Rahîm) ...... 24, 50, 219 al-Kahlâwî (Muhammad) ...... 232 Reeves (Nicholas) ...... 89 al-Kasabânî (Mukhtâr) ...... 225, 230 ROMMEL (Erwin) ...... 145, 209, 210, 229 al-Laythî (Hishâm) ...... 222 Rushdî (Mustafa) ...... 225 al-Nabrâwî (Ra’fat) ...... 230, 232 Salâh al-Dîn (Ilhâm) ...... 228 al-Nimr (Ahmad) ...... 220 Sâlih (Fathî) ...... 231 al-Saghîr (Mustafa) ...... 24, 225 Samîr (Hishâm) ... 14, 33, 44, 94, 108, 109, 159, al-Shammâ‘ (Bassâm) ...... 190, 191 170, 195, 208, 222 al-Simistâwî (Gamâl) ...... 221 Sarkozy (Nicolas) ...... 26 al-Sîsî (‘Abd al-Fattâh) ...... 29, 33, 34, 136, 209, Speed (Bonnie) ...... 27 212, 215, 216, 217 Sunbul (Gharîb) ...... 130, 221 al-Tîbî (‘Amr) ...... 38, 51, 52, 198, 219 Tawfîq (Târiq) ...... 10 Amîn (Mustafa) ...... 225 Wazîrî (Mustafa) ... 9, 14, 18, 21, 22, 24, 30, 32, Arnold (Dorothea) ...... 26, 27 39, 40, 45, 51, 54, 56, 57, 61, 73, 74, 77, 78,

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Index

83, 84, 88, 89, 90, 100, 104, 117, 130, 131, Particuliers 156, 158, 165, 168, 169, 170, 172, 182, Baqet II ...... 132 183, 185, 186, 189, 193, 195, 197, 198, Djéhouty ...... 56, 57, 149 200, 204, 205, 208, 215, 225 Imhotep ...... 124, 151, 176 Yoshimura (Sakuji) ...... 29, 80, 155 Kay ...... 36, 97 Zaydân (‘Îsa) ...... 17, 29, 80, 110, 113, 125, 155, Marc Antoine ...... 192 174, 177, 211, 228 Sekhem-Ka ...... 26 Zaydân (Îmân) ...... 90, 115, 195, 222 Touya ...... 51 Nouvelle capitale administrative égyptienne .. 24, Youya ...... 51, 166 93, 112, 130, 168, 195 Pêche ...... 95, 200 Peinture ...... 83, 89, 102, 109, 125, 127, 208 O Perruque ...... 95 Oasis Pétition ...... 28 al-Dâkhla ...... 221, 223, 226 Phares ...... 213 al-Farâfra ...... 226 Pierre de Rosette ...... 22, 27, 28, 191 al-Khârga ...... 161, 219, 220, 223 Pierres 9, 15, 16, 21, 41, 48, 49, 56, 57, 61, 66, 69, Sîwa ...... 222 78, 79, 80, 89, 90, 92, 93, 96, 100, 101, 103, Obélisques .... 13, 16, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 37, 60, 106, 139, 140, 142, 144, 150, 151, 156, 165, 61, 70, 83, 84, 96, 112, 142, 153, 156, 175, 169, 175, 184, 192, 193, 205, 208, 214 210, 211, 228 Améthyste ...... 148 Obélisque de Ramsès II ...... 61, 84 Calcaire .... 16, 18, 19, 22, 27, 28, 36, 39, 47, 56, Offrande ...... 72 57, 62, 63, 66, 67, 97, 100, 101, 102, 144, Oiseaux ...... 15, 69, 111, 142, 143, 180, 201 150, 173, 182, 184 Faucon ...... 16, 148 Calcite ...... 158 Oie ...... 140, 143 Cornaline ...... 148, 193 Pélican ...... 106, 107 Grès ...... 23, 40, 93, 133, 169, 204 Onguent ...... 158 Pigment ...... 142 Opéras Pilier Djed ...... 57 Opéra de Toutankhamon ...... 87 Places publiques Organisations internationales Place al-Rimâya ...... 67, 68, 136 Organisation des Nations unies (ONU) 50, 186 Place Tahrîr ... 13, 14, 23, 24, 25, 60, 61, 71, 83, United Nations Educational, Scientific and 84, 106, 112, 153, 156, 165, 166, 169, 173, Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) 13, 23, 24, 174, 175, 195, 215 55, 75, 112, 113, 140, 141, 166, 170, 176, Plateau de Gîza ..... 25, 52, 67, 68, 70, 71, 112, 115, 177, 186, 190, 231 141, 178, 206, 227 Ossements ...... 80, 131, 192 Pluie ...... 41, 75, 76, 91, 107, 150, 164 Ouchebti ...... 16, 28, 56, 62, 142, 149, 158, 182 Poissons ...... 15 Oudjat ...... 47 Polémique ...... 190 Polices ...... 10, 21, 46, 48, 49, 75, 121, 182, 212 P Organisation internationale de police Pain ...... 124 criminelle (INTERPOL) ...... 42 Palais 15, 18, 20, 21, 35, 43, 44, 45, 60, 71, 72, 76, Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités .... 28, 38, 77, 105, 108, 109, 131, 135, 151, 152, 163, 47, 48, 51, 58, 61, 67, 99, 102, 132, 163, 195, 196, 197, 206, 207, 209, 214, 215, 216, 181, 182, 230 217, 221, 223, 227, 229 Porcelaine ...... 15 Palais ‘Âbidîn ...... 14, 15, 34, 35, 60 Portraits du Fayyûm ...... 167 Palais Alexan ...... 151 Ports ...... 126, 213, 220 Palais al-Sakâkînî ...... 20, 21 Poterie ...... 16, 25, 54, 56, 62, 77, 78, 79, 131, 142, Palais de la sultana Malak ...... 105 158, 204, 205 Palais du baron Empain .. 43, 45, 71, 72, 76, 77, Presse 107, 108, 109, 195, 196, 197, 215, 216, Ahram Online 11, 12, 29, 35, 45, 47, 55, 57, 60, 217, 218, 223 79, 95, 100, 101, 114, 126, 128, 129, 131, Palais du prince Yûsuf Kamâl ...... 135 132, 134, 141, 144, 145, 146, 149, 151, Palais Ismâ‘îl al-Mufattîsh ...... 206, 207 153, 156, 158, 178, 179, 184, 185, 188, Palais Mânistirlî ...... 209 193, 195, 205 Palais Manyal ...... 227, 229 al-Ahrâm . 11, 13, 16, 19, 28, 30, 32, 37, 39, 41, Palais Muhammad ‘Alî ...... 221 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 67, Papyrus ...... 31, 151, 158, 172, 187, 189, 227 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 77, 79, 82, 84, 85, 86, 90, Parlement ...... 75 91, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104,

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 241

Index

105, 108, 109, 110, 113, 115, 116, 119, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 120, 121, 122, 124, 128, 129, 130, 131, 159, 160, 161, 164, 165, 167, 168, 170, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 143, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 153, 155, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 186, 187, 190, 156, 158, 159, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 168, 170, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178, 180, 200, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 181, 186, 188, 190, 195, 197, 200, 201, 209, 210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 217, 218 202, 204, 205, 206, 208, 215 Egyptian Streets . 40, 50, 72, 95, 102, 125, 126, Al-Ahram Weekly 23, 25, 28, 33, 35, 44, 45, 54, 128, 132, 138 55, 63, 70, 71, 113 Ruz al-Yûsuf ...... 46, 82, 99 al-Dustûr ...... 43, 69 Sada al-Balad . 13, 14, 16, 19, 30, 32, 35, 36, 38, al-Fagr ...... 43, 49, 69, 74, 82, 85, 96, 103 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 49, 52, 55, 57, 61, 66, 68, al-Masrî al-Yawm 13, 14, 19, 22, 25, 30, 32, 35, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86, 90, 37, 41, 43, 46, 49, 50, 51, 55, 58, 61, 64, 67, 91, 93, 95, 96, 102, 108, 111, 112, 120, 121, 71, 72, 73, 74, 81, 82, 85, 86, 93, 95, 96, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 138, 140, 102, 103, 104, 105, 108, 111, 113, 114, 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 153, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 124, 125, 128, 155, 158, 159, 160, 161, 165, 166, 168, 132, 135, 140, 141, 143, 147, 149, 150, 170, 171, 172, 173, 176, 178, 180, 181, 152, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 185, 186, 190, 195, 197, 200, 201, 202, 162, 164, 167, 168, 170, 173, 174, 175, 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 214, 215 176, 177, 180, 182, 184, 188, 193, 194, Vetogate ... 46, 50, 66, 82, 91, 96, 108, 112, 121 195, 200, 202, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, Watanî ...... 13, 15, 19, 22, 37, 39, 41, 42, 45, 46, 211, 212, 214, 215 50, 52, 58, 64, 75, 77, 79, 82, 83, 84, 86, 90, al-Shurûq 14, 15, 22, 30, 32, 37, 38, 41, 45, 52, 94, 96, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 111, 112, 55, 64, 68, 72, 73, 76, 89, 93, 95, 98, 101, 113, 116, 119, 124, 128, 129, 131, 132, 103, 105, 108, 116, 119, 121, 126, 128, 133, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 143, 144, 130, 137, 138, 140, 146, 147, 156, 159, 145, 147, 149, 150, 153, 155, 156, 159, 160, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 160, 161, 170, 172, 174, 175, 180, 181, 184, 190, 193, 195, 197, 204, 205, 216 184, 185, 190, 191, 192, 197, 200, 201, al-Wafd ...... 46, 66, 93, 98, 111, 197 202, 204, 205, 206, 208, 210, 214 al-Watan .. 16, 22, 23, 39, 43, 49, 69, 71, 75, 82, Prêtres .... 13, 36, 47, 55, 56, 57, 61, 62, 63, 92, 97, 89, 99, 103, 121, 137, 152, 156, 163, 172 104, 112, 126, 144, 152, 157, 158, 189 al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘ . 11, 13, 16, 19, 21, 30, 32, 35, Akhet-Hotep ...... 174 37, 38, 47, 48, 49, 52, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, Nesyamun ...... 46, 47 72, 76, 80, 82, 84, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, Procession ...... 106, 189, 215 95, 98, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, Projets 111, 113, 116, 118, 119, 121, 122, 123, Historic Cairo Rehabilitation Project (HCRP) 124, 126, 127, 130, 132, 134, 137, 143, ...... 108, 159, 222, 223 147,151, 152, 156, 160, 163, 164, 175, 176, Projet de réaménagement de la place Tahrîr 178, 179, 181, 191, 197, 199, 200, 205, ...... 24 206, 207, 210, 211, 213 Puits ...... 23, 28, 39, 59, 82, 132 Daily News Egypt 17, 38, 52, 62, 63, 65, 66, 74, Pylône ...... 24, 54, 165, 170 76, 77, 85, 86, 89, 100, 129, 131, 143, 150, Pyramides 9, 22, 30, 31, 42, 52, 61, 65, 67, 68, 71, 166, 167, 173, 174, 187, 193, 198, 205, 217 89, 90, 100, 101, 102, 104, 107, 113, 114, 116, Egypt Independent9, 10, 12, 16, 18, 22, 35, 37, 119, 121, 141, 144, 145, 146, 151, 152, 154, 40, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 50, 55, 57, 58, 67, 72, 176, 181, 187, 199, 200, 203, 215, 227 75, 79, 80, 92, 97, 100, 102, 105, 106, 116, Pyramide de Chéops ...... 23, 97, 102, 118, 120, 120, 129, 130, 134, 138, 140, 143, 145, 121, 126, 151, 154, 187, 199 151, 152, 153, 162, 170, 175, 184, 188, Pyramide de Chéphren ...... 104, 206 209, 214, 217 Pyramide de Djoser ..... 9, 89, 90, 100, 101, 140, Egypt Today ... 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 144, 145 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 48, 51, Pyramide de Hawwâra ...... 42, 119 52, 57, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 68, 73, 76, 77, Pyramide de Meïdoum ...... 176 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 92, 93, 95, 97, Pyramidion ...... 84 102, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 114, Q 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, Qibla ...... 15 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, Qubbat Afandînâ ...... 133 139, 140, 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147,

BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 242

Index

R Société archéologique d’Alexandrie ... 161, 232 Son et lumière ...... 11, 113, 169, 223, 232 Radars ...... 88 Souveraines Radar à pénétration de sol (Ground Cléopâtre ...... 54, 63, 92, 191, 192, 209 Penetrating Radar) ...... 88 Cléopâtre VII ...... 54 Radiations Hatchepsout ...... 17, 18, 31, 53, 106, 169 Rayons laser ...... 80, 117, 137, 139, 155, 177 Souverains Rayons X ...... 88, 127, 157 Ahmosis ...... 31 Réaménagement .. 48, 61, 67, 68, 86, 96, 102, 114, Akhenaton ...... 33, 51, 54, 63, 65, 87, 133, 152, 147, 153, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 167, 176, 211, 212 175, 176 Alexandre le Grand ...... 51, 180, 181 Relique ...... 51, 52, 62, 65, 66, 203 Amenemhat II ...... 190 Réplique archéologique ...... 38, 39, 51, 52, 86, 100 Amenhotep Ier .... 31, 53, 54, 125, 155, 166, 189 Reptiles Amenhotep II ...... 53, 54, 125, 155, 166, 189 Cobra ...... 56, 62, 193 Amenhotep III ...... 53, 54, 125, 166 Crocodile ...... 21 Chéops ...... 29, 30, 80, 103, 116, 122, 125, 126, Serpent ...... 81, 157 151, 152, 154, 155, 164, 174, 177, 199, Restauration ... 9, 15, 20, 21, 23, 24, 29, 30, 32, 33, 206, 215, 223, 228 34, 35, 37, 44, 45, 48, 50, 52, 58, 61, 68, 69, Chéphren 36, 97, 104, 107, 116, 120, 126, 152, 70, 71, 72, 76, 77, 80, 81, 83, 84, 89, 90, 91, 206 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 101, 105, 109, 110, 111, Djedefrê ...... 152, 174 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 123, 125, 130, 136, Djoser .. 9, 89, 90, 100, 101, 140, 144, 145, 151 151, 154, 155, 156, 159, 160,162, 163, 164, Marc Antoine ...... 192 165, 169, 174, 175, 177, 180, 183, 186, 187, Mykérinos ...... 126, 141, 152 194, 195, 196, 204, 206, 207, 211, 212, 214, Nectanébo Ier ...... 53 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, Ounas ...... 145, 146 226, 227, 228, 229, 230 Pépi Ier ...... 134 Restitution ...... 16, 64 Pinedjem II ...... 168 Riwâq ...... 35 Psammétique Ier ...... 173 Roches Ptolémée Évergète Ier ...... 18 Albâtre ...... 16, 21, 36, 56, 97, 140, 158, 203 Ptolémée IV Philopator ...... 18 Basalte ...... 67, 100 Ramsès Ier 25, 27, 31, 36, 37, 38, 58, 60, 61, 70, Diorite ...... 16 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 96, 97, 100, 106, 116, Granit ... 15, 35, 36, 61, 67, 83, 96, 97, 100, 101, 117, 131, 175, 208, 211 175, 182, 189 Ramsès II 25, 31, 36, 37, 38, 58, 60, 61, 70, 83, Marbre ..... 15, 21, 34, 35, 44, 48, 102, 109, 163, 84, 85, 87, 88, 96, 97, 100, 106, 116, 117, 203 131, 175, 208, 211 Quartzite ...... 36, 53, 97, 131, 134, 148 Ramsès VI ...... 36, 97, 138 S Ramsès XI ...... 47 Séqénenrê ...... 31 Sabîl-s ...... 103 Sésostris Ier ...... 36, 97, 173, 174, 181, 184, 200 Sabîl Yûsuf Aghâ al-Habashî ...... 103 Séthi Ier ...... 31, 51, 73, 74, 106 Saint des saints ...... 181 Snéfrou ...... 174 Sainte Famille . 55, 68, 69, 70, 114, 144, 180, 187, Souverains musulmans 188 ‘Alî (Muhammad) ...... 27, 60, 153, 160, 161, Salles d’enchères 163, 202, 203, 209, 214, 221, 224, 225 Christie’s Inc ...... 25, 184 al-Ayyûbî (al-Nâsir Salâh al-Dîn) ...... 32, 99, Plaza ...... 39 160, 195, 224 Salles d’exposition al-Ayyûbî (Salâh al-Dîn) ...... 135, 182 Saatchi Gallery ...... 10, 179, 197 al-Nâsir Muhammad ...... 213 Sandale ...... 149 Barqûq (al-Zâhir) ...... 129 Sarcophage ... 15, 16, 25, 27, 30, 31, 32, 36, 37, 47, Baybars al-Bunduqdârî (al-Zâhir) ...... 69 49, 53, 54, 56, 57, 62, 63, 78, 79, 90, 97, 101, Ibn Tûlûn (Ahmad) ...... 172 103, 106, 123, 126, 127, 134, 138, 139, 142, khédive Ismâ‘îl ...... 133 148, 149, 157, 158, 168, 178, 198 Qalâwwûn (al-Nâsir) ...... 154, 213 Sauvetage ...... 19, 113, 123 Qâytbây (al-Ashraf Abû al-Nasr) ... 135, 146, Scribes ...... 26, 47 166, 167, 213, 214, 226 Menna ...... 124, 125, 179 Roi Fârûq Ier ...... 143 Sérapeum ...... 213 Roi Fu’âd Ier ...... 15, 81 Sociétés BIA LXI — Janvier/Juin 2020 243

Index

Sulaymân Aghâ al-Silihdâr ...... 103 Temple de Debod ...... 63, 64, 75, 76 Sultan Hasan ...... 135 Temple de Karnak ...... 11, 13, 14, 23, 24, 25, 47, Sultan Husayn Kâmil ...... 105 73, 74, 99, 104, 117, 152, 164, 165, 169, Thoutmosis Ier ...... 31, 106 170, 204, 205, 219, 226 Thoutmosis II .... 36, 37, 97, 106, 155, 190, 191, Temple de Louqsor .. 53, 54, 73, 116, 117, 152, 208 180, 195, 204, 220, 224 Thoutmosis III .... 31, 36, 37, 97, 106, 155, 190, Temple de Montou ...... 222 191, 208 Temple de Philæ ...... 99, 194 Thoutmosis IV ...... 189 Temple de Ramsès II ...... 83, 131 Toutankhamon .... 10, 16, 17, 22, 25, 27, 29, 31, Textes des Pyramides ...... 146 36, 37, 39, 40, 51, 52, 53, 54, 63, 70, 79, 87, Textes funéraires 88, 89, 97, 106, 115, 136, 137, 138, 166, Textes des pyramides ...... 30, 31 176, 178, 179, 182, 197, 215 Textes des sarcophages ...... 30 Sphinx ...... 13, 14, 16, 23, 24, 25, 53, 54, 116, 119, Textile ...... 16 120, 151, 152, 153, 156, 164, 165, 170, 190, Lin ...... 107, 149 206 Titulatures Sphinx criocéphales ...... 23, 25, 153, 156, 164, Maître des Deux Terres ...... 125 165, 170 Tombes ... 25, 31, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, Statue .. 9, 16, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 68, 77, 78, 79, 84, 88, 89, 93, 95, 124, 125, 36, 37, 38, 39, 48, 51, 53, 54, 57, 58, 62, 65, 129, 132, 138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 152, 158, 70, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 92, 97, 100, 109, 113, 164, 172, 176, 187, 192, 193, 202, 203 116, 117, 127, 130, 133, 134, 141, 142, 151, Mastaba de Menna (TT69) ...... 124, 125 165, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174, 175, 181, 182, Mastaba de Ptahhotep ...... 48, 49 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 200, Tombe de Cléopâtre ...... 192 208 Tombe de Mersyânkh III (G 7530-40) ...... 126 Statuette ...... 47, 48, 67, 70, 102, 134, 161, 163 Tombe de Néfertari ...... 53 Stèles ...... 19, 25, 72, 123 Tombe de Néfertiti ...... 63, 89, 124, 176 Suie ...... 181 Tombe de Ramsès VI (KV9) ...... 138 Survey ...... 88 Tombe de Toutankhamon (KV62) .... 16, 17, 27, Synagogues 32, 33, 34, 35, 50, 130, 132, 136, 179 52, 89, 179 Ben Ezra ...... 34, 130, 132, 179 Tombe de Toutou ...... 130 Eliyahu Hanavi ...... 32, 33, 34, 35, 50, 136 Tomographie ...... 12, 46, 47, 127, 157 Tourisme .. 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 23, 28, 31, T 32, 36, 40, 44, 45, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, Table d’offrandes ...... 72 57, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, Talisman ...... 30 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, Tanagra ...... 169 90, 92, 94, 96, 97, 100, 104, 105, 107, 110, Téléphérique ...... 68 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 124, Tell-s 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, Tell al-‘Amârna ..... 19, 100, 119, 134, 176, 212, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 220 145, 146, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 160, 161, Tell al-Farâ‘în ...... 78, 207, 208, 227 163, 165, 167, 168, 170, 171, 174, 175, 177, Tell al-Farkha ...... 78 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, Tell al-Farmâ ...... 114, 187, 188 188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, Tell al-Miqdâm (Léontopolis) ...... 14 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, Tell al-Yahûdiyya ...... 227 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 217 Tell Basta ...... 114, 119, 219 Trafic archéologique ...... 43, 67, 70 Tell Douch ...... 161 Transfert 13, 14, 24, 25, 31, 32, 61, 102, 105, 110, Temples .. 11, 14, 18, 23, 24, 39, 53, 60, 63, 64, 65, 114, 154, 156, 167, 174, 185, 217 73, 74, 75, 76, 85, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 99, 112, Tremblement de terre ...... 9 117, 131, 133, 144, 145, 146, 152, 157, 165, Triade de Mykérinos ...... 141 169, 173, 180, 192, 194, 195, 205, 215, 216, Trône ...... 18, 19, 87, 131, 161, 173, 186 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 226 U Temple d’Abû Simbil . 85, 87, 88, 112, 195, 206 Temple d’Hatchepsout ...... 17, 18, 53 Unesco World Heritage List (WHL) .. 55, 141, 186 Temple d’Hibis ...... 223 Union générale des archéologues arabes (UGAA) Temple d’Isnâ ...... 60 ...... 82, 85, 232 Temple de Dandara ...... 28, 92, 145 Universités Temple de Dayr al-Baharî ...... 53 American University in Cairo (AUC) ...... 84, 229

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Index

Higashi Nippon International University ..... 29, Vallée des Singes ...... 54 80, 154, 155 Vandalisme ...... 24 Johns Hopkins University (JHU) ...... 23 Vases ...... 123, 140, 168 Pennsylvania State University ...... 26 Vase canope ... 56, 123, 142, 157, 158, 168, 185 Universitat de Barcelona ...... 172 Vierge Marie ...... 10, 11, 68, 69, 70, 85, 135, 220 Universität Tübingen ...... 156, 158 Vizirs ...... 155 Université d’Hilwân ...... 105 Vol . 14, 19, 25, 28, 42, 43, 47, 48, 49, 65, 100, 121 Université du Caire ...... 23 W University of Cambridge ...... 12 University of Chicago ...... 88 Wakâla-s ...... 163 Uniwersytet Warszawski ...... 107 Wakâlat al-Gidâwî ...... 162, 163 World Heritage Committee (WHC) ...... 55 V Z Vallées Vallée des Reines ...... 53 Zodiaque ...... 28 Vallée des Rois .. 17, 52, 53, 54, 63, 74, 89, 124, Zone piétonne ...... 175 176, 178, 219

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