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The War of 1812 in Tennessee Driving Tour POSSIBLE SITES to BE

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The War of 1812 in Tennessee Driving Tour POSSIBLE SITES to BE The War of 1812 in Tennessee Driving Tour POSSIBLE SITES TO BE INCLUDED DRAFT David Calease Layton Carr Keith Schumann Dr. Carroll Van West MTSU Center for Historic Preservation History 6610 January 2011 I. West Tennessee Sites (preliminary) Brownsville Courthouse Square Brownsville The historical marker at the Brownsville Courthouse square notes Col. Richard Nixon, a War of 1812 veteran, was an early county settler. Brownsville was named for another veteran, Jacob Jennings Brown. Brownsville became the Haywood County seat in 1823. Elmwood Cemetery 824 South Dudley Street, Memphis Established on August 28, 1852, Elmwood Cemetery is the burial place for many of Memphis’ pioneer families and 8 veterans of the War of 1812, among other later prominent Memphis residents. The War of 1812 veterans interred here include Major Nathaniel Anderson, James T. Crawford, Andrew Jackson Edmundson, James E. Trezevant, Thomas James, Dr. Ayers P. Merrill, and Major W. Ruffin. Riverside Cemetery Riverside Drive, Jackson Established in 1830, Riverside cemetery holds the burials of pioneers and veterans of multiple wars, including the War of 1812. Among them is Col. Robert I. Chester, William Edward Butler who was known as the “Father of Jackson,” and Col. John H. Gibson, a veteran of the Battle of New Orleans for whom Gibson Co. TN was named in his honor. State Historical Marker 4 D 33 is located nearby commemorating the cemetery.1 2 Part II. Middle Tennessee Sites Adams Inn Site 3213 Finley-Beech Road, Belfast The Adams Inn site in Marshall county, Tennessee was used as a muster ground, with the inn building used as Andrew Jackson’s headquarters for three weeks before moving on to Camp Blount. After the creek war, locals called the inn Andrew Jackson Tavern. The site is located at the crossroads of Finley-Beech Road and Farmington Road. The house has been moved one half miles north on Finley-Beech Road . Avery’s Trace Tennessee Highway 25 Avery's Trace was the principal road used by settlers traveling from the Knoxville area in East Tennessee to the Nashville area from 1788 to the mid-1830s. In an effort to encourage settlers to move west into the new territory of Tennessee, in 1787 North Carolina ordered a road to be cut to lead settlers into the Cumberland Settlements — from the south end of Clinch mountain (in East Tennessee ) to French Lick (Nashville). Peter Avery, a hunter familiar with the area, directed the blazing of this trail through the wilderness. He had the trail laid out along trails which the Cherokee Indians had long made their own and frequently used as war paths, following passages of buffalo. It led from Fort Southwest Point at Kingston through the Cumberland Mountains up into what is now Jackson County, Tennessee to Fort Blount. From there it worked through the hills and valleys of upper Middle Tennessee to Bledsoe’s Fort at Castalian Springs, then to Mansker’s Fort (near modern Goodlettsville), and finally to Fort Nashborough. 3 Benton Homeplace Site Leipers Fork, Williamson County Jesse Benton (Thomas Hart Benton’s father) built his home here in 1801. This property became a frequent stop on the trace for many settlers and travelers and the surrounding area andreceived the name Bentontown. Thomas Hart Benton and his brother Jessie lived in Tennessee until they had an infamous fight with Andrew Jackson and left the area in 1815. Benton served in the militia under Jackson commanding one of his infantry units during the Creek War.1 Leipers Fork was one of the first stopping places on the Natchez trace, and many soldiers passed through these small communities on their way to war. (Big) Bone Cave Van Buren County Big Bone Cave was a saltpeter mine during the War of 1812. It was possibly the largest ever saltpeter mining operation in the United States during the Civil War years of 1861-63. Inside cave system, five large vats survive, presumably from the Civil War. National Park Service Bowen-Campbell House Caldwell Road at Moss-Wright Park , Goodlettsville 4 Captain William Bowen brought his family to what is now Sumner County in 1784. He first built a double log cabin on the bank of Mansker's Creek before erecting a brick home in 1787. Now within the present limits of Goodlettsville, the Bowen-Campbell House is the oldest brick house in Middle Tennessee. Archaeologists discovered the family cemetery in 1995 and restored it in 1996. Captain Bowen was a veteran of Lord Dunmore's War, the French and Indian War, and the American Revolution. His grandson, Brigadier General William Bowen Campbell, born in the house, served in the Seminole, Mexican, and Civil Wars. Campbell served one gubernatorial term, 1851-53 and three terms as a U.S. congressman, 1837-43. Bowen's son, John, served one term in the U.S. Congress, 1813-15, during the war. Camp Blount Site U.S. 231 South, Fayetteville 5 After deciding to confront the Creek in Alabama, Andrew Jackson and his forces stopped at Fayetteville on October 7 of 1813. He made camp near this small town, choosing to muster more men for his campaign against the Creek. Over the next few months, this volunteer army would use this camp 500 yards south of the Elk River. Notable figures such as Davy Crockett and Sam Houston rendezvoused here before marching to the Creek territory. These local soldiers named this mustering site Camp Blount after the former governor of the Southwest territories. From 1813-1814, over 5000 men utilized this camp, as a mustering ground and launching attacks on the Creek. The camp resided on the banks of the Elk River in Fayetteville, TN, but now shopping centers have overtaken this once important camp. A state marker near a Wal-Mart off Highway 231 notes the significance of this camp.2 Captain James Bradley Home and Gravesite TN 25, Dixon Springs According to the state marker on Highway 25, “In February 1812 Bradley volunteered for service under General James Winchester. Oaklawn, Bradley’s two-story brick house, is located .4 mile south of marker.” His gravesite is located off Highway 25 near Dixon Springs at 24 Lovers Lane on top of hill behind a private residence. Cragfont 200 Cragfont Road, Castalian Springs 6 Cragfont was built in 1802 and was the home of General James Winchester, who was a Brigadier General in U.S. Army under General William Henry Harrison. He was defeated at Battle of Raisin River on January 22, 1813, for which Winchester blamed Harrison. Winchester commanded soldiers under General Andrew Jackson at Mobile and from 1814 until the end of the war. Crockett Homeplace S. Military Road, Lawrenceburg Davy Crocket returned home from the war and moved his family to the newly formed Lawrence County in 1817. At this new home, he married his second wife Elizabeth and constructed a new homestead.3 Crocket was a significant individual in the Creek war, fighting under the command of John Coffee and participating in many major battles. Lawrenceburg has restored this cabin that depicts Crocket’s life after the Creek War. The reconstructed cabin helps to interpret the life of Crockett and his role in the Creek War. Del Rio Pike Williamson County This route was most likely taken by soldiers from Nashville through Franklin/Williamson Co. to continue south on the Natchez Trace. 7 Dixon Springs Muster Ground Dixona, TN 25, Dixon Springs This area still has antebellum homes and cemeteries of early settlers, including Col. William Martin, a War of 1812 veteran of the Natchez campaign and son of Revolutionary War General Joseph Martin. Dixona is also the home of Revolutionary War soldier Tilman Dixon. Tilman’s home can be viewed from an original section of the Avery Trace while traveling through Dixona. Duck River Ferry at the Gordon House Natchez Trace Parkway Milepost 407.7 During the War of 1812 and Creek war, most of the Tennessee soldiers used the Natchez Trace to march to the battlefields. Particularly, John Coffee and 500 cavalry units traveled along this route to Natchez. Others used the trail, marching to rendezvous with Jackson’s army for the Battle of New Orleans. Thousands of soldiers marched on this trail to battle and in 1815 they 8 traversed it with Andrew Jackson back home.4 Along this trail, several prominent rivers blocked their progress including the Duck River. John Gordon’s 1808 ferry was the most known place to cross the Duck River. The various militia units would have used this ferry to move south. Gordon would have led some of these troops to his ferry as he served in the war and traveled with them on the trace.5 Dug Hill Road Old Fishing Road, Marshall County The Dug Hill Road in Marshall County contains a segment of road that was constructed by troops moving south. This was done to facilitate the transport of artillery pieces across a ridge. They recruited additional men for the campaign before moving southward towards Camp Blount. It was later used for non-military purposes and is now an abandoned roadbed. Ft. Blount/Williamsburg Muster Ground Off TN 53, Fort Blount Ferry Road, Jackson County Ft. Blount and the Williamsburg Muster Ground were established in 1794 at the crossing of Avery Trace and Cumberland River. It was first occupied by territorial soldiers, who were replaced with federal troops after Tennessee’s joined the Union. The co-founder of the fort, Sampson Williams, ran a tavern and ferry nearby. Federal troops remained there until 1798. Part of Williams’ farm was purchased for the creation of the county seat of Williamsburg.
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