Global Crisis, Local Voices

GLOBAL CRISIS LOCAL VOICES EDITED BY GABRIELE PIAZZA IJOPEC PUBLICATION London ijopec.co.uk Istanbul GLOBAL CRISIS, LOCAL VOICES Global Crisis, Local Voices The Editor: Gabriele Piazza Deputy Editors: Megan Jessie Asplin and Kajsa Hallberg Editorial Board Members: Evgeni Ahmadzai, Megan Jessie Asplin, Tessa Caplen Browne, Steve Froehlich, Jordan Goldman, Kajsa Hallberg, Eleanor Murray, Zara Patel, Camilla Perotta, Gabriele Piazza, Harriet Plant, Lienus Rob, Jake Sampson, Saudamini Sigdel, Sasha Alexandra Sternik, Kasheme Walton, Niz Yoganathan and Dmitrijs Zujevs. The University of Westminster, 309 Regent Street, London W1B 2HW Phone: +44 (0) 20 7911 5000 E-mail: [email protected] The International Student Journal of Political Economy is associated with the Democratic Education Network, which operates within the School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London. Most of the articles are proceedings of student papers, presented in an international student conference in May 2018. No part of this journal may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronically without the University of Westminster’s permission. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the text, illustrations or advertisements. The opinions expressed in these chapters are not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. A catalogue record for this book is available from Nielsen Book Data, British Library and Google Books. The publishing responsibilities of the chapters in this book belong to the authors. First edition, May 2019 Reprint and Permission Service The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 309 Regent St, London W1B 2HW. https://www.denwestminster.net/ ISBN: 978-1-912503-70-4. IJOPEC Publication No: 2019/04 Cover Design: Miranda Öhman ([email protected]) Composer: Çelebi Şenel CONTENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ................................................................................................................................5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................................8 Megan Jessie Asplin and Kajsa Hallberg FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................................9 Dr Peter Bonfield OBE FREng INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................10 Megan Jessie Asplin and Kajsa Hallberg 1. RETHINKING DEMOCRATIC APPROACHES TO THE MARKETISATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION ...................................................................................................................................13 Dr Farhang Morady PART I DEMOCRACY AND IDEOLOGY 2. A EUROPEAN ‘DEMOCRACY’: THE CASE FOR EU’S LOCAL PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING .....27 Andrea Gaiba 3. IS NEOLIBERALISM AN IDEOLOGY? .......................................................................................................41 Lorenzo Cortinovis 4. ALTERNATIVE VOICES… THEORIES BEYOND THE STATE ...............................................................53 Megan Jessie Asplin 5. SOVEREIGNTY IN CONTEXT: THE IMPLICATION OF WAR ON TERROR .....................................59 Khalil Rahman Sabawoon 6. BREAKING THE VICIOUS CIRCLE IN THE AGE OF SPECTACLE TERRORISM: THE WORDS HEAL THE WORLD PROJECT ..............................................................................................73 Beatriz Lopes Buarque PART II HUMAN RIGHTS IN A DIVIDED WORLD 7. GENDER AND TERRORISM: THE DEHUMANISING EFFECT OF COUNTER-TERRORISM RHETORIC AND POLICIES ON MUSLIM WOMEN IN THE UNITED KINGDOM .............................85 Livia Cuciurean 8. INFANTICIDE AND ABORTION RIGHTS IN SENEGAL: MOTIVATIONS AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES THROUGH LEGAL REFORMS AND EDUCATION.................................99 Ndeye Borso Tall 9. THE POLITICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS & SELF-DETERMINATION: THE CASE OF TIBET ...........111 Liam Bemrose 10. ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE POST-COMMUNIST TRANSITION AND EU INTEGRATION ON ANTI-HUMAN TRAFFICKING WORK IN ROMANIA ......................................................................125 Victoria Vall 3 PART III GEOPOLITICS: CONFLICT, MIGRATION AND STRUGGLE 11. LEVEL OF INTEGRATION AMONGST ROMANIAN CITIZENS IN THE UK ................................139 Georgiana Muriut 12. WHY DOPING IS BAD: THE LEGALITY OF THE EU-TURKEY DEAL AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE MIGRATION POLICY, THE ACCESSION PROCESS, AND THE RULE OF LAW .................153 Julian A. Hettihewa 13. QATAR: HOW AN INDEPENDENT FOREIGN POLICY LED TO ISOLATION .............................169 Jonathan Miseroy 14. YEMEN: TORN BETWEEN REGIONAL AND GLOBAL POWERS ....................................................183 Sasha (Alexandra) Sternik PART IV CLIMATE CHANGE: HOW DO WE RESPOND TO THIS GLOBAL CHALLENGE? 15. WARMING UP TO CLIMATE CHANGE? THE UNITED STATES’ LIMITED RESPONSE TO GLOBAL WARMING: A CASE FOR CLIMATE ADAPTATION ..........................................................193 Tessa Browne 16. MUSIC AND THE CLIMATE CRISIS ......................................................................................................207 Hannah van den Brul PART V CHINA: THE NEW SUPERPOWER 17. CONTESTING WESTERN DEVELOPMENT MODELS: HOW INCREASING INTEGRATION BETWEEN AFRICA AND CHINA HAS SHAPED DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA OVER THE LAST TWENTY-FIVE YEARS ...............................................................................219 Chanju Mwanza 18. CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI): MAKING CHINA GREAT AGAIN: IS CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE AN IMPERIAL EXERCISE? .................................................227 Harry Rawson PART VI BEYOND ACADEMIA 19. #METOO MOVEMENT: A VOX POPULI ..............................................................................................241 Palakh Dutta and Hayley Lemm 20. MY VIETNAM – THE PERCEPTION......................................................................................................245 Dmitrijs Zujevs 21. REFLECTING ON THE WESTERN PORTRAYAL OF GENDER EQUALITY IN VIETNAM ..........247 Eleanor Murray LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Editor Gabriele Piazza studied a BA in International Relations with Development Studies at the University of Westminster between 2008-2011. Since then, he has completed a Master’s degree in Political Economy from the London School of Economics and a Postgraduate Diploma in Quantitative Economics from Birkbeck College. He is currently working as a researcher in a think-tank in London. Deputy Editors Megan Jessie Asplin is currently finishing her BA in History and Politics at the University of Westminster. Her research interests included Anarchism and Cosmopolitanism. Kajsa Hallberg is currently finishing her BA in International Relations and Development at the University of Westminster. She has an interest in questions of sustainable development, climate change and global health, therefore is looking to continue her studies with a Master in Development studies. Contributors Dr Farhang Morady is Principal Lecturer in International Relations and Development Studies in the School of Social Sciences. Dr Morady pioneered the Democratic Education Network, a hub for student-led projects involving diverse and international communities in London and across the world. Dr Morady has been awarded ‘Outstanding Teacher’ five times between 2013 and 2019 within the department. Farhang is the author of a number of articles including, “a Democratic Strategy to Engage With The Marketisation of the Higher Education” in ‘The End of The Global?’ London, ISBN: 978-1-912503-22-3. Farhang is also working on a book entitled ‘The Political Economy of God’s Kingdom: Politics and Markets in Iran’. Andrea Gaiba has graduated with a First Class Honours BA in International Relations at the University of Westminster. He is currently working at the European University Institute (Italy) to organize the European conference ‘The State of the Union’. Andrea has also undertaken online courses at the University of Oxford and Science Po (Paris) in Labour Market Inequality Studies and Global Migration. His personal research interests include the socio- political development of European citizens’ inclusion and its potential intertwining with participatory democracy. Beatriz Buarque graduated from the University of Westminster with an MA in International Relations and Security. She is the founder of the organization ‘Words Heal the World’ (www.wordshealtheworld.com), which aims to tackle the spreading of extremist messages on the internet. Her main research interests are extremism, terrorism, and radicalisation studies. Borso Tall is the founder and coordinator of ‘Young Advocates for Human Rights’, which promotes human rights through quality education. She is both a Chevening scholar and a winner of the 2016 Mandela Washington 5 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Fellowship. After completing a postgraduate degree in Equality and Human Rights at the University of Glasgow, she is currently enrolled on a PhD program in English Studies at Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar. Chanju Mwanza graduated from University College London with a BA in French and Spanish. She is a writer and guest podcast host for the global feminist collective ‘VERVE’. She is also the founder of the ‘Global Zambian Narratives Project’ which makes bilingual Zambian children’s books (www.chanjumwanza.com). Her research interests

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