Fact Sheet

UraniumFormerly Mill Utilized Tailings Sites Radiation Remedial ControlAction Program Act Sites

This fact sheet provides information about the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program sites. When remedial action for a site is complete, the site will be managed by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management.

Background In the early 1970s the U.S. government strengthened cleanup requirements. Radiological and chemical contamination that In 1942 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) set up remained at some of the formerly MED-contracted sites the Manhattan Engineer District (MED), or the “Manhattan exceeded the new standards. The Formerly Utilized Sites Project,” to win the race to create the world’s first atomic Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) was established in 1974 bomb. Since the government did not have the capability to to identify, investigate, and clean up or control sites that were develop this technology on its own, MED contracted out contaminated above the new guidelines. FUSRAP personnel certain tasks to private enterprises. These tasks included reviewed the radiological conditions at more than 600 sites processing and storing uranium ore and other radioactive that were potentially involved in early atomic weapons and materials, performing metallurgical research, and providing energy activities, and they identified 46 sites for cleanup. production and machining services. In 1946, following the end The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), a descendent of AEC, of World War II, President Harry Truman signed the Atomic began cleanup projects in 1979 and completed 25 sites. Energy Act, which created the civilian U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). Congress abolished MED in 1947 and In 1997 Congress turned over cleanup responsibility to transferred responsibility for the atomic weapons program to USACE. A memorandum of understanding (MOU) between AEC. Other AEC work included peacetime atomic energy USACE and DOE defined the roles of each agency in research and establishing the national laboratory system. As administering and executing FUSRAP. DOE retains the government developed its own research and production responsibility to identify the eligibility of new FUSRAP facilities, the MED-contracted companies’ services were no sites and for the long-term care of sites after USACE longer needed and their facilities were cleaned up to the cleanups are completed. USACE has responsibility for standards at the time. remediating FUSRAP sites within the framework of the

Tonawanda Landfill Seaway Industrial Park Niagara Falls Storage Site Tonawanda North, Unit 1 Guterl Specialty Steel Tonawanda North, Unit 2 Beverly Niagara Falls Storage Site Vicinity Properties Colonie Indian Orchard Albany Interim Storage Shpack Landfill Painesville Buffalo Chicago North Tonawanda Adrian Aliquippa Seymour Chicago South Shallow Land Combustion Engineering Toledo Disposal Area Luckey New York Joslyn Supply* Harshaw Sylvania Corning Plant Berkeley Iowa Army Ammunition Plant Chemical Springdale Wayne Granite Oxford Superior Jersey City Latty Avenue Properties City Hamilton W.R. Grace Steel at Curtis Bay St. Louis Airport Maywood Chemical Superfund Fairfield Columbus East Burris Park St. Louis Airport Vicinity Properties Madison St. Louis Downtown DuPont Chambers Works New Brunswick Acid/Pueblo Canyon Bayo Canyon Oak Ridge Middlesex Municipal Landfill Warehouses Middlesex Sampling Plant

Chupadera Mesa

Completed FUSRAP sites managed by DOE: 31 Sites CompletedOther FUSRA FUSRAP siteP managed sites managed by DOE: by 1DOE: site 31 Sites OtherActive FUSRAFUSRAPP sitesites managed being remediated by DOE: 1by site USACE: 23 Sites *Joslyn Manufacturing and Supply Company

Page 1 of 4 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, Legacy Management Activities and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and the National Contingency Plan. USACE retains responsibility for the site Once a remediated site transfers, LM prepares a site-specific for two years after cleanup and then transfers the site to Long-Term Surveillance and Maintenance Plan to address DOE for long-term stewardship of the remedy. USACE stewardship activities, including institutional controls and/or assumed responsibility for the cleanup of the remaining additional best management practice protective measures FUSRAP sites, cleaned up seven sites, and has subsequently that are needed to ensure human health and the environment received eight additional sites. In 2003, the DOE Office of are protected. Long-term stewardship may include Legacy Management (LM) was created and assigned surveillance and maintenance of remediated sites, including responsibility for DOE FUSRAP activities defined in the MOU. monitoring any land-use controls imposed on the sites. Land-use controls include monitoring of engineering controls, Potential New Sites local zoning or deed restrictions (or a combination thereof) in place to protect human health and the environment. After further research or receipt of new information, DOE may identify additional sites that are potential candidates LM is responsible for ensuring that once a site has been for remediation under FUSRAP. Sites involved in MED/AEC remediated by USACE and cleanup is considered complete, work are eligible for remediation under FUSRAP and DOE FUSRAP sites do not pose a risk to human health or the may also assume responsibility for sites that don’t need environment. DOE remediated most of the early FUSRAP remediation but do need long-term care. DOE has referred sites to a condition that allows for unrestricted use of the sites several eligible contaminated sites to USACE. USACE following cleanup. These sites pose little, if any, risk to the examines all referred sites, makes a determination whether public. DOE long-term care activities for these sites consist they can be included in FUSRAP, and accepts contaminated of responding to questions or concerns from stakeholders sites that require cleanup. Congress may also designate a and managing site records. However, at some sites residual site for remediation under FUSRAP. Since 1997 eight contaminants were left in place, and site-use restrictions must additional sites have been added to FUSRAP. be evaluated and maintained. At these locations, additional long-term care may include monitoring, maintenance, Current Status treatment, inspections, soil management, land-use controls, and periodic reviews. Regulatory requirements are described LM currently has 32 completed sites under long-term in site documents available on the LM website at surveillance and maintenance. USACE is currently https://energy.gov/lm. remediating 23 active FUSRAP sites. As of 2017 there are four properties that have been referred to USACE as DOE maintains the FUSRAP Considered Sites Database and contaminated sites eligible for FUSRAP. website that summarizes basic site history and allows public access to complex information on over 500 sites considered In March 2017 the Tonawanda, New York, Site (Linde Air as candidates for FUSRAP. The varying levels of information Products) was transferred from USACE to DOE for long-term collected for each site dictate how much information is stewardship. In January 2016 the Painesville, Ohio, Site was available in the Considered Sites Database. Most sites have transferred. LM is planning to receive three additional sites detailed FUSRAP case file documentation in order to have over the next two years, including the Windsor, Connecticut, a complete entry, structured in a common format. The Site (Combustion Engineering); the Attleboro, Massachusetts, Considered Sites Database is available to the public online Site (Shpack Landfill); and the Colonie, New York, Site at https://energy.gov/lm/sites/lm-sites/considered-sites. (Colonie Interim Storage Site). Contacts In case of an emergency at any of these sites, contact 911. For more information about FUSRAP, contact: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management 2597 Legacy Way, Grand Junction, CO 81503 (970) 248-6070 (monitored continuously), or (877) 695-5322 (toll-free) [email protected]

Page 2 of 4 Completed FUSRAP Sites Transferred to LM (Pre-LM Site Names are shown in parentheses)

Acid/Pueblo Canyon, Columbus East, Ohio, Site Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Warehouses Site New Mexico, Site (B & T Metals Site) (Elza Gate) (Acid/Pueblo Canyon) Fairfield, Ohio, Site Oxford, Ohio, Site Adrian, Michigan, Site (Associate Aircraft Tool and (Alba Craft Laboratory) (General Motors) Manufacturing) Painesville, Ohio, Site Albany, Oregon, Site Granite City, Illinois, Site (Painesville Site) (Albany Research Center) (Granite City Steel) Seymour, Connecticut, Site Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, Site Hamilton, Ohio, Site (Seymour Specialty Wire) (Aliquippa Forge) (Herring-Hall-Marvin Safe Company) Springdale, Pennsylvania, Site Bayo Canyon, New Mexico, Site Indian Orchard, Massachusetts, Site (C.H. Schnoor, C.H. Schnorr) (Bayo Canyon) (Chapman Valve Site) Toledo, Ohio, Site Berkeley, California, Site Jersey City, New Jersey, Site (Baker Brothers, Inc.) (University of California – (Kellex/Pierpont) Tonawanda, New York, Site Gilman Hall) Madison, Illinois, Site (Linde Air Products) Beverly, Massachusetts, Site (Spectrulite Consortium, Inc.) Tonawanda North, New York, Site, (Ventron Corporation) New Brunswick, New Jersey, Site Unit 1 Buffalo, New York, Site (New Brunswick Laboratory) (Ashland #1) (Bliss and Laughlin Steel Company) New York, New York, Site Tonawanda North, New York, Site, Chicago North, Illinois, Site (Baker and Williams Warehouses) Unit 2 (National Guard Armory) (Ashland #2) Niagara Falls Storage Site Chicago South, Illinois, Site Vicinity Properties, New York, Site Wayne, New Jersey, Site (University of Chicago) (Niagara Falls Storage Site (Wayne Interim Storage Site) Vicinity Properties) Chupadera Mesa, New Mexico, Site (Chupadera Mesa)

Other FUSRAP Sites Transferred to LM (Pre-LM Site Names are shown in parentheses)

Burris Park, California, Site (Burris Park Research Station)

Active FUSRAP Sites under USACE Cleanup (LM Site Names are shown in parentheses)

Colonie Interim Storage Site Luckey Site St. Louis Downtown Site (Colonie, New York, Site) (Luckey, Ohio, Site) (St. Louis, Missouri, Site) Combustion Engineering Site Maywood Chemical Superfund Site Seaway Industrial Park Site (Windsor, Connecticut, Site) (Maywood, New Jersey, Site) (Tonawanda, New York, Site) DuPont Chambers Works Middlesex Municipal Landfill Shpack Landfill (Deepwater, New Jersey, Site) (Middlesex North, New Jersey, Site) (Attleboro, Massachusetts, Site) Guterl Specialty Steel Middlesex Sampling Plant Superior Steel (Lockport, New York, Site) (Middlesex, New Jersey, Site) (Carnegie, Pennsylvania, Site) Harshaw Chemical Company Niagara Falls Storage Site Sylvania Corning Plant (Cleveland, Ohio, Site) (including Vicinity Properties E, E′ and G) (Hicksville, New York, Site) (Niagara Falls Storage Site, New York) Iowa Army Ammunition Plant Tonawanda Landfill (Middletown, Iowa, Site) Shallow Land Disposal Area (Tonawanda, New York, Site) (Parks Township, Pennsylvania, Site) Joslyn Manufacturing and W.R. Grace at Curtis Bay Site Supply Company St. Louis Airport Site (Curtis Bay, Maryland, Site) (Ft. Wayne, Indiana, Site) (Berkeley, Missouri, Site) Latty Avenue Properties St. Louis Airport Site Vicinity Properties (Hazelwood, Missouri, Site) (Berkeley, Missouri, Site Vicinity Properties)

Page 3 of 4 Sites Referred to USACE as Eligible for FUSRAP (Pre-LM Site Names are shown in parentheses)

Brooklyn, New York, Site Painesville Landfills III and V, Ohio, Site (Wolff-Alport Chemical Company) (Diamond Magnesium Company) Niagara Falls Storage Site, New York, Vicinity Properties H′ and X′ Staten Island, New York, Site (Niagara Falls Storage Site, New York, Vicinity Properties H′ and X′) (Staten Island Warehouse)

Resources 2001 Long-Term Stewardship Study, Volume I – Report https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/em/DOELongTermStewardshipStudy-VolumeI-FinalOctober2001.pdf Considered Sites database https://energy.gov/lm/sites/lm-sites/considered-sites DOE Office of Legacy Management website https://energy.gov/lm U.S. Army Corps of Engineers website https://www.usace.army.mil/Missions/Environmental/FUSRAP.aspx For more information about the history of MED and AEC, please see the DOE history website located at https://energy.gov/management/office-management/operational-management/history/historical-resources

03/31/2017 Page 4 of 4