DOCSLIB.ORG

Epa Removes Shpack Landfill Site from National

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Epa Removes Shpack Landfill Site from National EPA Removes the Shpack Landfill Site from the National Priorities List | U.S. EPA News Releases | US EPA We’ve made some changes to EPA.gov. If the information you are looking for is not here, youMenu may be able to find it on the EPA Web Archive or the January 19, 2017 Web Snapshot. United States Environmental Protection Agency CONTACT US SHARE News Releases News Releases from Region 01 EPA Removes the Shpack Landfll Site from the National Priorities List Deletion of the site became efective September 5, 2017 10/11/2017 Contact Information: David Deegan ([email protected]) 617-918-1017 BOSTON - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has removed the Shpack Landfill, a superfund site located in Attleboro and Norton, Mass., from the National Priorities List (NPL, aka Superfund). Deleting sites from the NPL may occur once all response actions are complete and all cleanup goals have been achieved. EPA added the site to the NPL in 1986. EPA and the State of Massachusetts concluded that all appropriate Superfund-financed responses under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), have https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-removes-shpack-landfill-site-national-priorities-list[10/12/2017 10:36:38 AM] EPA Removes the Shpack Landfill Site from the National Priorities List | U.S. EPA News Releases | US EPA been implemented and that no further cleanup by responsible parties is appropriate for the Site, except for wetland restoration monitoring. Moreover, EPA and the State have determined that cleanup actions conducted at the site to date continue to be protective of public health and the environment. EPA proposed this action and held a public comment period on the proposed deletion, which ended Aug. 7, 2017. The final deletion of the Shpack Landfill from the NPL became effective on Sept. 5, 2017. The Shpack Landfill operated as a private landfill from 1946 to 1965. It received industrial and domestic wastes, with the major use of the landfill occurring between 1951 and 1965. A court order closed the landfill. In 1978, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) was contacted by a citizen who detected elevated radiation levels at the site. The NRC investigated and confirmed the presence of radioactivity above natural background levels. The primary contaminants found were radium-226, uranium-238 and uranium-235. It is not known exactly when these radioactive materials were deposited, but an NRC investigation determined that the former M&C Nuclear, Inc., of Attleboro (which merged with Texas Instruments, Inc., in 1959) had used the landfill for the disposal of trash and other materials, including zirconium ashes, associated with nuclear fuel operations at the facility from 1957 to 1965. In 1980, the site was added to the Department of Energy’s Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) to address the legacy of the nation’s early atomic energy programs. Responsibility of FUSRAP was later transferred to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Cleanup of the site was implemented in two parts, first with the USACE completing the FUSRAP remedial action to address the radiological contamination in 2011, followed by the CERCLA or Superfund remedial action to address non-radiological contamination. The Superfund cleanup was completed in 2013. The entire cleanup included: Excavation and off-site disposal of approximately 83,400 cubic yards of soil and sediment. Impacted wetlands were restored or replicated and clean fill was used to backfill and bring open areas up to grade, as necessary. A public water supply line was extended to two residences adjacent to the site that were previously on private wells. Implementation of institutional controls to restrict future use of the property and groundwater. EPA expects that no further Superfund response is needed at this Site to protect human health and the environment. Following standard procedure for completed cleanup work under Superfund, EPA will continue to conduct reviews of the Site every five years, starting in 2018, to ensure that human health and the environment remain protected. EPA may initiate further action to ensure continued https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-removes-shpack-landfill-site-national-priorities-list[10/12/2017 10:36:38 AM] EPA Removes the Shpack Landfill Site from the National Priorities List | U.S. EPA News Releases | US EPA protectiveness at a deleted site if new information becomes available that indicates it is appropriate. The first Statutory Five-Year Review Report will be completed prior to June 12, 2018. More information: The Federal Docket for the Shpack Landfill Superfund Site deletion contains the information to support the deletion. One comment was received during the public comment period and EPA did not consider this an adverse comment. EPA addressed this comment in the Responsiveness Summary which can be found in the Federal Docket identified by Docket ID no. EPA-HQ-SFUND-1986-0005, online at www.regulations.gov. History or EPA activity at the Shpack Landfill site (www.epa.gov/superfund/shpack) Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem. Discover. Connect. Ask. Accessibility Data.gov Contact Us EPA Administrator Inspector General Hotlines Budget & Performance Jobs FOIA Requests Contracting Newsroom Frequent Questions Grants Open Government January 19, 2017 Web Regulations.gov Snapshot Follow. Subscribe No FEAR Act Data USA.gov https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-removes-shpack-landfill-site-national-priorities-list[10/12/2017 10:36:38 AM] EPA Removes the Shpack Landfill Site from the National Priorities List | U.S. EPA News Releases | US EPA Privacy White House Privacy and Security Notice LAST UPDATED ON OCTOBER 10, 2017 https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-removes-shpack-landfill-site-national-priorities-list[10/12/2017 10:36:38 AM] .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • List of Guidance Documents for Shpack Landfill Record
    Super fund Records Center GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS bKiS.K- ' 2 "7 OHihR: 2tofe *, EPA guidance documents may be reviewed at the EPA Region I Superfund Records Center inl Boston, Massachusetts. TITLE EPA GUIDE FOR IDENTIFYING CLEANUP ALTERNATIVES AT HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES AND SPILLS: BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT DOCDATE OSWER/EPA ID DOCNUMBER EPA-600/3-83-063 2303 TITLE ROLE OF ACUTE TOXICITY BIOASSAYS IN THE REMEDIAL ACTION PROCESS AT HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES DOCDATE OSWER/EPA ID DOCNUMBER 8/1/1987 EPA/600/8-87/044 5012 TITLE QUALITY CRITERIA FOR WATER 1986 DOCDATE OSWER/EPA ID DOCNUMBER 5/1/1987 EPA/440/5-86-001 4003 TITLE GUIDELINES FOR GROUND-WATER CLASSIFICATION UNDER THE EPA GROUND-WATER PROTECTION STRATEGY (DRAFT) DOCDATE OSWER/EPA ID DOCNUMBER 12/1/1986 2404 TITLE GROUND-WATER PROTECTION STRATEGY DOCDATE OSWER/EPA ID DOCNUMBER 8/1/1984 EPA/440/6-84-002 2403 TITLE GUIDELINES FOR THE HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL MIXTURES (FEDERAL REGISTER, SEPTEMBER 24, 1986, p. 34014) DOCDATE OSWER/EPA ID DOCNUMBER 9/24/1986 5007 TITLE GUIDELINES FOR CARCINOGEN RISK ASSESSMENT (FEDERAL REGISTER, SEPTEMBER 24, 1986, p. 33992) DOCDATE OSWER/EPA ID DOCNUMBER 9/24/1986 5003 TITLE GUIDELINES FOR EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT (FEDERAL REGISTER, SEPTEMBER 24, 1986, p. 34042) DOCDATE OSWER/EPA ID DOCNUMBER 9/24/1986 5004 TITLE GUIDELINES FOR HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF SUSPECT DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICANTS (FEDERAL REGISTER, SEPTEMBER 24,1986, p. 34028) DOCDATE OSWER/EPA ID DOCNUMBER 9/24/1986 5005 TITLE GUIDELINES FOR MUTAGENICITY RISK ASSESSMENT (FEDERAL REGISTER, SEPTEMBER, 24, p. 34006 DOCDATE OSWER/EPA ID DOCNUMBER 9/24/1986 5006 TITLE PROTOCOL FOR GROUND-WATER EVALUATIONS DOCDATE OSWER/EPA ID DOCNUMBER 9/1/1986 OSWER #9080.0-1 2406 Wednesday, May 05, 2004 Page 1 GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS EPA guidance documents may be reviewed at the EPA Region I Superfund Records Center in Boston, Massachusetts.
    [Show full text]
  • Informs Commission That Remedial Action Has Been Completed At
    o n n - - - - - - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ , I........................ i RELEASED TO THE PDR: i :f''% dashg - a, : faJ i ese : \...../ . .inus....... POLICY ISSUE 77 33 (NEGATIVE CONSENT) March 13, 1997 SECY-97-061 FOR: The Commissioners FROM: L. Joseph Callan Executive Director for Operations SUBJECT. REMOVAL OF TEXAS INSTRUMENTS. INC. FROM SITE DECOMMISSIONING MANAGEMENT PLAN PURPOSE: To inform the Commission that remedial action nas been completed at the Texas Instruments. Inc. (TI) site in Attleboro. Massachusetts. The staff plans to approve release of the site for unrestricted use terminate the current Nuclear Regulatory Commission license, and remove the site from the Site Decommissioning Management Plan (SDMP). SUMMARY: TI conducted uranium operations from 1952 to 1981. The licensee has now satisfactorily remediated the site. Based on the actions taken by the licensee, staff review of the surveys performed, and the results of the confirmatory survey, the staff plans to terminate the license before Massachusetts becomes an Agreement State on March 21, 1997. A representative of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,- Department of Public Health - Radiation Control Program accompanied and assisted Region I staff during the final confirmatory survey. Massachusetts represertatives indicate they have no unresolved concerns about the NRC-regulated radiological material at the site and have confirmed in a letter to Region I that documentation provided by the licensee is sufficient to demonstrate compliance with Massachusetts' Contact: M. Roberts. RI NOTE: To BE MADE PUBLICLY AVAILABLE WHEN : (610) 337-5094 THE FINAL SRM IS MADE AVAILABLE ~ d ' _7m -)Sl*t h f W0 2 c ?OW 0- /0S mainitto!w X /9 dtS MzzzA 'MHMzzzzzzzA .
    [Show full text]
  • EPA-HQ-SFUND-1986-0005; FRL-9964-01-Region 1]
    This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 07/06/2017 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2017-14113, and on FDsys.gov 6560-50-P ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 300 [EPA-HQ-SFUND-1986-0005; FRL-9964-01-Region 1] National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List: Deletion of the Shpack Landfill Superfund Site AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Proposed rule; notice of intent. SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 1 is issuing a Notice of Intent to Delete the Shpack Landfill Superfund Site (Site) located on Union Rd. and Peckham Streets in Norton and Attleboro, Massachusetts, from the National Priorities List (NPL) and requests public comments on this proposed action. The NPL, promulgated pursuant to section 105 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, as amended, is an appendix of the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). The EPA and the State of Massachusetts, through the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP), have determined that all appropriate response actions under CERCLA, other than operation, maintenance, monitoring, and five-year reviews, have been completed. However, this deletion does not preclude future actions under Superfund. DATES: Comments must be received by [insert date 30 days after date of publication in the Federal Register]. ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID no. EPA-HQ-SFUND- 1986-0005, by mail or email to Elaine Stanley, Remedial Project Manager at EPA – Region 1, 5 Post Office Square, Suite 100, Mail Code OSRR07-4, Boston, MA 02109- 3912, email: [email protected] or Sarah White, Community Involvement Coordinator at EPA – Region 1, 5 Post Office Square, Suite 100, Mail Code ORA01-1, Boston, MA 02109-3912, e-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Shpack Landfill Site Update
    Shpack Landfill US Army Corps of Engineers® Site Update New Englana d District _-,, r™, . _ ryn-ir^ January 200rtrt<1 **T/re t/.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, and the US Army Corps of Engineers are workingtogether to address chemical and radiological waste at the Shpack Landfill Site on the Norton/ Attleboro town line. Introduction Site Activities EPA, the Massachusetts Department of Activities completed during the 2000 field Environmental Protection (MA DEP) and the season are listed below: US Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) are working together to address chemical and Q Clearing of vegetation on the site, radiological contamination at the Shpack repairs to the fence, and posting of Landfill Site on the Norton / Attleboro town the site with signs identifying the area line. as containing hazardous materials. EPA is addressing the site under the Q A gamma walkover survey of the site Superfund program and the USAGE is to identify any areas of suspected addressing radiological contamination under radiological contamination in the the FUSRAP program (Formerly Utilized surficial soils. Sites Remdial Action Program) which is used to cleanup or control sites where radiological Sampling of residential wells. waste remains from the early years of the nation's atomic energy program. The Shpack Upcoming activities include the following: Landfilll Site was added to the FUSRAP program in 1999. EPA and MA DEP will arrange for the sampling of residential wells near the ore information site during March and once again later in the year. In spring 2001, USAGE will perform a more extensive site characterization to identify the extent of sub-surface uave Legerer.
    [Show full text]
  • Attleboro, Massachusetts, Site Fact Sheet
    Fact Sheet Attleboro, Massachusetts, Site A FUSRAP site This fact sheet provides information about the Attleboro site. Long-term stewardship responsibilities for this site survey, DOE conducted an interim remedial action under are managed by the U.S. Department of Energy Office their regulatory authority to remove 800 to 900 pounds of Legacy Management under the Formerly Utilized of drummed radioactive waste. Sites Remedial Action Program. In 2002, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) initiated a detailed gamma walkover survey, environmental Site Information and History Info-square Book-open sampling, and analysis effort to characterize the radiological contaminants of concern. USACE determined that some The Attleboro, Massachusetts, Site (formerly the Shpack of the radiological contamination was not a result of AEC Landfill Superfund Site) is a 9.4-acre property located on activities and, therefore, not eligible for FUSRAP. Congress the border between Norton and Attleboro, Massachusetts. passed legislation authorizing cleanup of all remaining Approximately 6 acres is located within the town of Norton, non-FUSRAP radiological contaminants of concern. and the remainder is located in Attleboro. A private landfill USACE remediation activities at the site included installing was operated at the site from 1946 through the 1970s, and constructing temporary facilities, site infrastructure, accepting domestic and industrial waste, including chemical and test pits; excavating and characterizing waste; and low-activity radioactive waste. constructing earth-shoring supports; collecting post- excavation confirmatory samples; backfilling; and The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) initiated packaging and shipping low-activity radioactive waste an investigation of the Shpack landfill site on November 14, for off-site disposal.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiological Survey of the Former Shpack Landfill
    & I I <‘:A /yj +- [J 5Pti PIP+ b b-0 DOE/OW20722-4 UC-70A FORMERLY UTILIZED SITES REMEDIAL ACTION PROGRAM (FUSRAP) CONTRACT NO. DE-AC05-8 1 OR20722 3 RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE FORMER SHPACK LANDFILL NORTON, MASSACHUSETTS MARCH 1984 Bechtel Job 14501 Bechtel National, Inc. Advanced Technology Division --_.. - .-__ I .._.. -. ..lll ~._. DOE/OR/20722-4 Radiological Survey of the Former Shpack Landfill March 1984 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-ACOS-810R20722 BY Bechtel National, Inc. P. 0. Box 350 Oak Ridge, TN 37830 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY l-l 2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY 2-l 2.1 Location and Description 2-l 2.2 Site History 2-1 3.0 SURVEY PROCEDURES 3-l 3.1 General 3-l 3.2 Field Measurements 3-1 3.3 Sample Collection and Analysis 3-6 4.0 SURVEY RESULTS 4-l 4.1 General 4-l 4.2 Special Calibration Problems 4-l 4.3 Measurements Made to Define Limits of Contamination 4-2 4.4 Measurements Made to Assess the Radiological Status of the Area 4-3 4.5 Site Geological Observations 4-4 5.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS 5-l REFERENCES R-l APPENDIX A Tables A-l APPENDIX B Proposed Radiological B-l Criteria for FUSRAP and Remote SFMP Sites iii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page 2-l Location of Shpack Landfill Site 2-2 2-2 Aerial Photograph of Shpack Landfill Site 2-3 3-l Shpack Master Grid 3-2 3-2 Pressurized Ion Chamber (PIG) Reading Locations 3-4 3-3 Borehole Locations 3-5 3-4 Surface Soil Sample Locations 3-7 3-5 Subsurface Soil Sample Locations 3-9 3-6 Water and Sediment Sample Locations 3-10 3-7 Air Sample Locations 3-12 4-l Geologic Cross Section of Shpack Landfill 4-5 5-l Shpack Landfill Areas of Contamination 5-3 5-2 Shpack Landfill "Hotspot" Areas 5-5 V _” .,...
    [Show full text]
  • FUSRAP UPDATE.Cdr
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF Legacy Spring 2012 ENERGY Management Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program FUSRAP UPDATE Greetings Program FUSRAP Site Life Cycle This update is written to share Performing information with you about the Information Agency U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) DOE FUSRAP was established in 1974 DOE Eligibility Review Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action MED/AEC Activities to address residual radiological No Yes Program (FUSRAP). This dynamic No contamination at sites where work was Radioactive Materials Used program oversees long-term surveil- performed for the Manhattan Engineer Yes lance and maintenance of 30 sites No District (MED) and U.S. Atomic Energy Potential for Contamination Ineligible remediated under FUSRAP. In addition, Yes Commission in development of the No program staff does ongoing work to nation’s early nuclear weapons and U.S. Government Authorized to Clean Up verify that historic and recent site atomic energy program. Initially, Yes records are accessible and preserved, FUSRAP activities began with a records DOE Inform USACE of Eligibility;Transfer Information and staff respond to many requests for search of more than 600 sites that information every year. A vital program Action had the potential to contain residual USACE Assessment and Cleanup function is coordinating program Conduct Preliminary Assessment radiological contamination; 46 sites No activities with U.S. Army Corps of Cleanup Required were identified that were eligible Yes Engineers (USACE), as the two agencies No Further Action for and required remediation under work within their respective roles to Select Remedy, Conduct Cleanup FUSRAP. Remedial action work Obtain Regulator Concurrence ensure that FUSRAP operates effectively by DOE began in 1979.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Challenges
    Environmental Challenges Hazardous waste/Brownfields contributed by Michele Simoneaux The Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP) is the Massachusetts regulation that governs MGL Chapter 21 E, the Massachusetts Oil and Hazardous Material Release Prevention and Response Act. The MCP regulations guide reporting, assessment and remediation of soil, sediments and groundwater that have been impacted by the release of oil or hazardous materials (OHM). The MCP is a risk-based program that helps assess whether the site of a release poses a significant risk to human health and the environment and provides specific timelines for reporting releases of oil and hazardous materials. The Licensed Site Professional (LSP) that has been retained to legally guide the disposal site through MCP compliance is required to submit reports to the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP). Although the Regulations are extremely complex, the description below of Phase I through V explains the major stages of compliance under the MCP. All Norton sites that are listed in MassDEP’s database are currently listed as being in compliance with the MCP. This does not mean that they have been through the remediation phase, rather it means that the responsible party has submitted the necessary paperwork, retained an LSP, if necessary, and has taken required measures. The list presented below lists the sites in Norton that are currently in Phase I through V of the MCP. There are many acronyms associated with the MCP but the following is an explanation of the common terms within the table below. RTN- Release Tracking Number is assigned by MassDEP when a spill or leak that constitutes a reportable release is identified.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Consultation
    Health Consultation Focused Evaluation of Cancer Incidence Within One-Mile Radius Area of the Shpack Landfill Superfund Site and Response to Comments SHPACK LANDFILL NORTON and ATTLEBORO, BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS EPA FACILITY ID: MAD980503973 Prepared by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health July 15, 2011 Prepared under a Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Atlanta, Georgia 30333 Health Consultation: A Note of Explanation A health consultation is a verbal or written response from ATSDR or ATSDR’s Cooperative Agreement Partners to a specific request for information about health risks related to a specific site, a chemical release, or the presence of hazardous material. In order to prevent or mitigate exposures, a consultation may lead to specific actions, such as restricting use of or replacing water supplies; intensifying environmental sampling; restricting site access; or removing the contaminated material. In addition, consultations may recommend additional public health actions, such as conducting health surveillance activities to evaluate exposure or trends in adverse health outcomes; conducting biological indicators of exposure studies to assess exposure; and providing health education for health care providers and community members. This concludes the health consultation process for this site, unless additional information is obtained by ATSDR or ATSDR’s Cooperative Agreement Partner
    [Show full text]
  • 6560-50-P Environmental Protection Agency 40 Cfr
    This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 07/06/2017 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2017-14112, and on FDsys.gov 6560-50-P ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 300 EPA-HQ-SFUND-1986-0005; FRL 9964-03-Region 1 National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; National Priorities List: Deletion of the Shpack Landfill Superfund Site AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Direct final rule. SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 1 is publishing a direct final Notice of Deletion of the Shpack Landfill Superfund Site (Site), located on Union Rd. and Peckham Streets in Norton and Attleboro, Massachusetts, from the National Priorities List (NPL). The NPL, promulgated pursuant to section 105 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, as amended, is an appendix of the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). This direct final deletion is being published by EPA with the concurrence of the State of Massachusetts, through the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP), because EPA has determined that all appropriate response actions under CERCLA, other than operation, maintenance, monitoring, and five-year reviews, have been completed. However, this deletion does not preclude future actions under Superfund. DATES: This direct final deletion is effective [insert date 60 days after the date of publication in the Federal Register] unless EPA receives adverse comments by [insert date 30 days after date of publication in the Federal Register]. If adverse comments are received, EPA will publish a timely withdrawal of the direct final deletion in the Federal Register informing the public that the deletion will not take effect.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Data Base Report—1994: U.S. Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste Inventories, Projections, and Characteristics
    DOE/RW-0006, Rev. 11 September 1995 Integrated Data Base Report—1994: U.S. Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste Inventories, Projections, and Characteristics Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Office of Environmental Management Washington, D.C. 20585 Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory Managed by Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400 This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge. TN 37831; Phone: (615) 576-8401. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, com• pleteness, or usefulness ol any information, apparatus, product, or process dis• closed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily consti• tute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. DOE/RW-0006, Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicological Profile for Thorium
    f Toxicological Profile for Thorium September 2019 ***DRAFT – DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE – August 29, 2019*** Version 4.0 THORIUM ii DISCLAIMER Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, the Public Health Service, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. THORIUM iii FOREWORD This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines* developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987. Each profile will be revised and republished as necessary. The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for these toxic substances described therein. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a substance's toxicologic properties. Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive document; however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are referenced. The focus of the profiles is on health and toxicologic information; therefore, each toxicological profile begins with a relevance to public health discussion which would allow a public health professional to make a real-time determination of whether the presence of a particular substance in the environment poses a potential threat to human health. The adequacy of information to determine a substance's health effects is described in a health effects summary. Data needs that are of significance to the protection of public health are identified by ATSDR.
    [Show full text]