9828 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE. . JULY 20 fact that there might well be a quorum CONFIRMATION has informed me that he is very anxious call, and possibly half the time would Executive nomination confirmed by the to hear the debate on the agricultural be involved, it seems to me that 11: 15 Senate July 20 (legislative day of June 2) bill and he · hoped his own committee would be the logical time for the Senate 1949. ' would not be in session; therefore I to meet tomorrow. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION would feel constrained to object in ac­ if Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President,i I Edward Mount Webster to be a member of cordance with his request, the gentle­ amend the request. I ask unanimous the Federal Communications Commission for man persists. consent that when the Senate takes a a term of 7 years from July 1, 1949. Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I with­ recess tonight, it takes a recess to re­ draw the request. convene at 11: 15 o'clock a. m. tomor­ SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH, SCIENCE, row, and that at the time the junior Sen­ AND COMMERCE ator from Nebraska be recognized. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker I ask The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ unanimous consent that the Subcom­ ator from Nebraska will then have the VVEDNESDAY,JULY20, 1949 mittee on Health, Science, and Com­ fioor, and may do as ·he pleases. merce niay have permission to sit during Mr. WHERRY. I sqall have the floor, The House met at 10 o'clock a. m. The Acting Chaplain, Rev. Jacob S. general debate today. and I can yield for a quorum call if I · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to care to do so. Payton, D. D., offered the fallowing prayer: the i::equest of the gentleman from Ten­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there nessee? objection to the request of the Senator Eternal God, in whom is our suffi­ There was no objection. ciency, we turn to Thee. Within these from Nebraska? If not, it stands ap­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS proved. walls may the honor of America be kept RECESS bright this day. Within our hearts may Mr: ~LUMLEY asked and was given a place be set apart for things worthy of perm1ss1on to extend his remarks in the Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I move reverence---truth and beauty, loyalty and RECORD a~d include a speech made by that the Senate .take a recess, in accord­ heroism, faith and sacrifice. Within the Sam~el B. Pettengill notwithstanding ance with the order just entered. scope of our :Purpos~s may.there be room .that 1t exceeded two pages of the RECORD The motion was agreed to; and (at 8 only for qualities that bear the hallmark and, according to the Public Printer o'clock and 27 minutes p. m.> the Sen­ of character. Suffer us never to forget, costs $240 to print. ' ate took a recess, the recess being under 0 Lord, that with Thee evaluation of SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED the order previously entered, until to­ service rests upon the degree to which we morrow, Thursday, July 21, 1949, at identify ourselves with causes that bless Mr. REES asked and was given per­ 11:15 a. m. and redeem mankind. May Members of missi?n to address the House today for this body dedicate themselves to the es­ 10 mmutes following disposition of mat­ NOMINATIONS tablishment of righteousness throughout ters on .the Speaker's desk and at the the land. In Thy name we pray. Amen. conclusion of any special orders hereto- Executive nominations received by the fore entered. · Senate on July 19 (legislative day of June The Journal of the· proceedings of yes­ Mrs. BOLTON of Ohio asked and was 2), 1949, and referred to the Committee. terday was read and approved. given permission to address the House on Armed Services today: NAVAJO AND HOPI TRIBES OF INDIANS for 15 minutes on Monday and Tuesday IN THE ARMY next, following any special orders here­ The following-named officers for promo­ Mr. PETERSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to take from the tofore entered. tion in the Regular Army of the United States, Mr. JACKSON of California asked and under the 'provisions of section 107 of the Speaker's desk the bill (S. 1407) to pro­ mote the rehabilitation of the Navajo was given permission to address the Army-Navy Nurses Act of 1947: House on Monday next for 1 hour fol­ To be captains, Army Nurse Corps and Hopi Tribes of Indians and the bet­ lowing any special orders heretofore en­ Ruth Agnew, N914. ter utilization of the resources of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, tered. Catherine Barbara Bean, N1378. . EXTENSION OF REMARKS Florence M. Christman, N1098. ·and for other purposes, with House Mildred 0. Conin, N748. amendments thereto, insist on the House Mr. JAVITS asked and was given per­ Patricia L. Crocker, Nl386. amendments, and agree to a conference mission to extend his remarks in the Helen Elizabeth Cundiff, N1670. with the Senate. RECORD in four instances and include ex­ Dorothy M. Cunningham, N1390. The Clerk read the title of the bill. traneous material. Elsie F. Easterling, N1093. Margaret Catherine Failey, N747. The SPEAK;ER. Is there objection to Mr: POULSON asked and w~s given Margaret Cecelia Flynn, Nl382. the request of the gentleman from Flor­ permission to extend his remarks in the 'Helen Marie Hays, N750. ida? · [After a pause.] The Chair hears RECORD and include an editorial. Bernice Isabel Heath, N1385. none and appoints the following con­ Mr. MORTON asked and was given Maralee Ruth Hodgson, Nl380. ferees: Messrs. MORRIS, MURDOCK, WHITE . permission to extend his remarks in the Jane Hughes, N1583. of Idaho, D'EWART,' and LEMKE. Mary P. Kent, Nl671. RECORD in two instances and include ex­ Ruth A. Kruger, Nl387. COMMITI'EE ON THE JUDICIARY traneous matter. Marietta Levy, N1384. Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I ask M'.r. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN asked Alice M. Linhares, N912. unanimous consent that the Committee and was given permission to revise and Etta Mildred Lowe, Nl379. on the Judiciary may have permission to extend the remarks he will make in Gertrude I. Mahn, N752. Committee of the Whole today and in­ Mamie Sue May, Nl097. sit during general debate today. Irene Ethel Miller, Nl581. The SPEAKER. ·Is there objection to clude statistical tables and extracts on Ruth Theodora Mills, Nl580. the request of the gentleman from Ten- farm legislation. Mary Cecelia Murphy, N908. nessee? . Mr. HOLIFIELD asked and was given Anne Loretta Nodziak, Nl582. There was no objection. permission to extend his remarks in the Mary Patricia Reilly, N913. RECORD in three instances and include Rosalie M. Requist, Nl672. COMMITI'EE ON EXPE~DITURES IN THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS extraneous matter. Lucille D. Russell, N911. Mr. PATTEN a.sked and was given Rosemary Slavin, N751. Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I ask Maude Morrin Smith, N1096. unanimous consent that the Committee permission to extend his remarks in the Catherine Curtis Stein, N1099. on Expenditures in the Executive Depart­ RECORD. Margaret Ruth Stonaker, Nl091. ments may have permission to sit during · Mr. DOYLE asked and was given per­ Isabelle Alma Tarutis, Nl090. in Ruth Elizabeth Tucker, N1381. general debate today. mission to. extend his remarks the Mary E.'llzabeth Vaughan, N1669. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to RECORD in two instances and include editorials. To be captains, Women'" Medical Speolaitst the request of the gentleman from Ten­ Corps nessee? Mr. WICKERSHAM asked and was l!;,dyth Hildegard Emerson, Rl004'1. Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. given permission to extend his remarks Evelyn Folmar, R1()079. Speaker, reserv1J;1g the i1ght to object, in the RECORD and include a statement Catherine S. Hooper, JIJ. one of the members of that committee by Oen. Bedell Smith. 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9829

Mr. JACKSON of California asked and pay, out of any money in the Tre~sury not costs and other expenses incident to the re­ was given permission to extend his re­ otherwise appropriated, to William D. Norris, turn of his dependent daughter, Mrs. Betty marks in the RECORD and include three of 715 North E Street, Las Vegas, Nev., the Zapf Prudden, from Sydney, Australia, to sum of $6,760, in full satisfaction of his claim Washington, D. C., in February 1940, in­ editorials. . against the United States for compensation curred by the claimant when he was acting Mr. NIXON asked and. was given per­ for loss of earnings and for pain and suf­ under appointment as American trade com­ mission to extend his remarks in the fering as a result of personal injuries sus­ missioner to Australia under travel order RECORD. tained on December 19, 1942, near. Boulder issued by the United States Department of PRIVATE CALENDAR Dam, when a United States Army vehicle col­ Commerce. The SPEAKER. This is the day set lided with an automobile driven by the said William D. Norris: Provided, That no part of The bill was ordered to be read a third for the call of the Private Calendar. the amount appropriated in this act in excess time, was read the third time, and passed, The Clerk will call the first individual of 10 percent thereof shall be paid or deliv­ and a motion to reconsider was laid on bill on the Private Calendar. ered to or received by any agent or attorney the table. ., ARTHUR C . . JONES on account of services rendered in connec­ tion wit h this claim, and the same shall be SOUTHERN FIREPROOFING CO., The Clerk c~lled ·tbe bill and employees, citizens Qf Commission is authorized and directed to of an accident involving a United States the United States, engaged in and about the pay, out "of any money in the civil-service re­ Army truck at Leghorn, Italy, on January 11, construction ·of the Panama Canal," approved tirement and disability fund, to Grace L. 1946. . May 29, 1944, Maurice J. Symms, New Orleans, Elser, the widow of Wilbur L. Elser, formerly La., shall be held and considered to have been a soil conservationist with the United States With the following committee amend­ employed for 3 years by the Isthmian Canal ment: Department of Agriculture, an annuity equal Commission on the Isthmus of Panama dur­ in amount to the annuity which she would Strike out all after the enacting clause and ing the construction period of the Panama have been entitled to receive had the.retire­ insert the following: Canal, from May 4, 1904, to March 31, 1914, ment of the said Wilbur L. Elser become effec­ "That jurisdiction is hereby conferred upon inclusive. The said Maurice J. Symms was tive on May 15, 1947, and had he elected in the United ·States· District Court for the compelled to leave such employment after 2 writing, at the time of such retirement, to Southern District of New York to hear, deter­ years 11 months and 23 days because of receive a reduced annuity equal to such re­ mine, and render judgment upon the claim illness. · duced annuity payable after his death to the of Miguel A. Viera for damages sustained as said Grace Elser, as surviving beneficiary. the result of an accident involving a United The bill was orde·red to be engrossed States Army truck at Leghorn, Italy, on Janu­ and read a third time, was read the third The bill was ordered to be engrossed ary 11, 1946. time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ and read a third time, was read the third "SEC. 2. Suit upon such claim may be in­ sider was laid on the table. time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ stituted at any time within 1 year after the enactment of this act, notwithstanding the DR. JACOB ORNSTEIN sider was laid on the table. _lapse of time or any statute of limitations. The Clerk called the bill

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1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9835 A-6245688, Kastanos, George C. A-6193663, Flores, Buenaventura Garcia, to the purchaser and to distribute the pro­ A-6245687, Kastanos, Helen C. or Buenaventura Flores (alias Joe Garcia). ceeds of such sale among the heirs of the A-2744895, Kesisoglu, Romylos (alias A-3161313, Francz, Jacob, or Jacob Frantz. said Paul Bighead in accordance with their George Ia des or Georgiades) . A-6241948, Gagner, Marie (nee Minard or respective interests: Provided, That the Sec­ A- 9582707, Kristoffersen, Harald. Mimi) . retary shall deduct from the amount payable A-5950003, Macridis, Elefterios Sava or A-4947594, Gilcourt, Charles Henry, or Chas. under this act to any such heir a sum equal Makridis. Gilcort or Charles Gilcourt or Gilcort. to the prinicipal and accrued interest on any A-6261584, Pavlis, Ekaterini, or Aikaterini A-7511447, Hall, Bertram Carlton. unpaid loan c:tiarged against .such heir. Pavlis (nee Voidomatis). A-5932958, Harrigan, Ethel Margery (nee A-6249424, Psaltides, Fotini, or Fotini Peterson) . The bill was ordered to be read a third .Sotiriades. . . A-5133402, Henden, John Hovde . time, was read the third time, and passed, A-6596905, Renteria, Jesus Jose, or Jesus A-2724762, Kelly, Joseph Francis. and a motion to reconsider was laid on .Jose Renteria Macias. A-5965000, Krost, Ernst Wilhelm. the table. A-4521987, Krm:e, William Herbert. A-3018729, Shulman, Louis. WILLIAM HENRY TICKNER A-5779075, Sklavoonos, Angelo, or Evan~ A-2813449, Leon-Sanchez, Jose Gregorio, or gelos Sclovounos. Jose 'G. Leon. The Clerk called the bill

right'? . _ I upon the Members of this House: We the bill which is · now before us as the· Mr. COOLEY. That is right. want this committee to work its own will, Gore substitute. That program was Mr. WHITE of California. Now, just to make its own decision, but we want changed. I do not know why. All I one ·further thfog. The gentleman from you to hear this debate with open minds know is that after the subcommittee had New · York [Mr. WADSWORTH] dwelt on and hearts, and then reach your own agreed to recommend a 1-year exten­ the theory that it makes a dictator out honest judgment about what your duty sion of the present program, something of the Secretary of Agriculture. That. is. Do not refuse to give us a hearing. happened and the Pace bill was pre­ has been spread throughout th"e length Do not repudiate this great committee of sented to the subcommittee and _to the and· breadth of the land. I say to yc;iu mine unless you have just cause to do so. full committee. that this is the only method under which ·In the 15 years that I have been on Mr. . AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. the farmer can have price support and this committee not one single solitary Chairman, will the gentleman yield? still have some semblance of freedom. time have we met defeat at the hands of Mr. HOPE. I yield to the gentleman He does not have to go in unless he wants the House of Representatives. Oh, yes; from Minnesota. to. Is that not right? we are in trouble now; we need the sup­ Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Is it Mr. -COOLEY. The gentleman is en­ port of the thinking men and women of not a fact that we did get together on a tirely right. They talk about regimen­ · this House, and it will probably take every 1-year extension of the present law and tation. If the membership of this House vote we can muster to adopt this com­ suspension of the Aiken bill for that will sit here and listen to this debate with mittee bill. I urge you to believe me period? · · open minds, they must be convinced that when I say that I am sincere in my deter­ Mr. HOPE. Yes; the members of the this bill circumscribes the authority of mination not to weaken-and I shall not subcommittee did. · the Secretary almost to the nth degree. _ weaken-on this bill. I bring it to you Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. That When you compare that with the broad, from my heart, and I know as you hear was unanimous. wide-open powers of the Aiken bill which the gentleman from Georgia, STEVE Mr. WHITE of California. Mr. Chair­ wi11 fall heavily upon agriculture unless PACE, explain it you must be impressed man, will the gentleman yield? we act now, I believe you will change with his great sincerity. But let me ask Mr. HOPE. I yield to the gentleman your minds and will agree to support this you this, you Democrats and Republicans from California. measure. alike: Am I indebted to the Democrats in Mr. WHITE of California. Of course, The CHAIRMAN. The time of the the executive branch of this Govern­ the gentleman recognizes that a com­ gentleman from North· Carolina has ment? Is the gentleman from Georgia mittee has the right to change its mind? again expired. [Mr. PACE] influenced by bureaucracy Mr. HOPE. Oh, "yes. I said the com­ Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield here in Washington? Or are we free-I mittee did change its mind. That is, myself 15 additional minutes. mean politically free-to exercise our some members did, but i do not know Mr. CHRISTOPHER. Mr. Chairman, own honest judgment. I do not know why. will the gentleman yield? what you think about it, but I believe you Now let me say, in the very beginning, Mr. COOLEY. I yield. would have to look a long time to find two that it is not true, as has been stated in Mr. CHRISTOPHER. Does not the men who are freer from evil political in­ the committee report; that the choice gentleman think it is a fact that ,the fluence. Yes; all the men who sit with me we have before us is the Pace-Brannan word "regimentation" has been used on that Committee on Agriculture are bill or the Aiken bill, because we have where the word "cooperation" would fit free. We bring you the proposition; it is another choice. We have the Gore bill, - a great deal better? your decision; it is a great decision. It is ,.. which is reenactment of legislation now Mr. COOLEY. The gentleman is ex- . a decision which vitally affects this Na­ in effect, which· is workin'g as success­ actly right. The basic commodities will tion and perhaps will vitally affect this fully as I think any farm legislation can be handled in the future just as they have world. I appeal to every Republican and work in a "period of a' 9hanging econ­ been handled in the past. Farmers will to every Democrat to hear this debate. It' _ omy-a law which has behind it several - have an opportunity to express their is a simple proposition; the issues have years of successful operation. The law 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9845 which the Gore substitute proposes to re­ sponsible. We passed a bill, the same mathematical percentage. But the enact had its beginning, and I am sure bill as you have before you in the Gore principle of the Brannan plan is there, the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. substitute, several weeks before adjourn­ and it is the principle of the Brannan GoRE] will bear me out, as the so-called ment. ·n went to the Senate, and then plan that I want to discuss. I want to Steagall amendment in the formula­ in the last week of the session, in the discuss it as it is interpreted by those tion of which I know the distinguished last days of that week, the Senate substi­ who have been sponsoring it and who gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. GORE] tuted the Aiken bill. I do not think it proposed it in the first place, and by that had a very important part. It was a pro­ was properly considered in the Senate. I mean the spokesmen for the great labor posal which came out of the Banking and There was no time to do it in the rush of organizations of this country, because Currency Committee as a part of one of adjournment, and, as far as the House that is where it came from. It did not the price-control bills, and it was adopt­ is concerned, we had no opportunity come from the farm. ed, as I recall, by the House without op­ either in the-committee or in the House Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, will the position. Republicans and Democrats to consider any of its difficult and intri­ gentleman yield? alike voted for it back in 1941. It was cate provisions. It was a question of Mr. HOPE. I yield to the gentleman the law during the war and by its terms making the best agreement, the best from Georgia. it was in effect for 2 years following the compromise, that we could with the Sen­ Mr. COX. As of yet I have heard no war. ate, because the Senate was adamant. satisfactory explanation as to why the Last year, with a few modifications to The Senate conference committee, both Farm Bureau and the Grange, two great, adjust it to conditions that existed at Democrats and Republicans, stood· fast. reputable farm organizations, were not that tlme, this House enacted it again. They said ''It is the Aiken bill or nothing." consulted in the writing of this bill. I It was unanimously reported from the That situation prevailed until the very have a conviction that the adoption of Committee on Agriculture. So the Gore closing hours of the session. We had the pending measure wm give these two bill, which I hope this Committee will see numerous meetings, and finally the farm organizations a set-back from fit to adopt, not only has behind it a long House conferees made the proposal that which they will never recover, because history, of nonpartisan support in the we would accept the provisions of the the Farmers Union, representing the House, but it has also a record of suc­ House bill for a 1-year extension, and Red element in agricultural circles, op­ cessful operation, as successful as I think that we would accept the Senate bill and erating as a friend and a thing of the we can possibly have in a period when postpone its going into effect for a year. radicals, will be put in complete com­ our economy is changing as rapidly as it It was distinctly understood by the con­ mand as far as the farm problem of the is now. ferees of both the House and the Senate, the country is concerned. As to the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. and it was explained on the floor when Mr. HOPE. I am afraid the gentle­ PACE], for whom I have the highest re­ the House adopted the conference report, man is correct. I believe that if we ac­ gard and esteem, I join in everything that the House conferees had agreed to cept the principle of the Brannan plan it that his colleague, the gentleman from the compromise because otherwise we means that we have turned the writing Georgia [Mr. CoxJ, said about him this would have had no price-support legisla­ of farm legislation over to the heads of afternoon. I am sure that he does not tion except the Triple-A Act of 1938, some of the great labor organizations of think that there is anything seriously which provided price supports for the the country. I am glad the labor organ­ wrong with the Gore substitute, because basic commodities on a flexible basis, izations of the country are interested in on the first day of the session, as I recall mind you, of from 52 to 75 percent of agriculture. Certainly I am not com­ it, he introduced a bill which would have parity, with no support provisions as to plaining about that. But I do not be­ enacted the Gore substitute into perma­ other commodities, except such action as lieve they should be permitted to write nent law. We are not asking that that the Commodity Credit Corporation might the legislation and/ or that we should be done. We are asking that it be ex­ decide to take under its general authority pass legislation here which has their ap­ tended for 1 year. So, I am sure that to support prices. proval but which does not have the the gentleman from Georgia will not have The Steagall amendment would have approval of the great farm organizations to wrestle with his conscience if he should been gone, all the price-support pro­ of this country, with one exception, and find that, through the course of events visions that were worked out during the that is an organization which has closely in this House, he must vote for the Gore war would have been gone. So I have no allied itself with organized labor on all substitute in order to start legislation on apology to make when I say that we did poljtical questions. its way to the other body. the best we could, we brought back the Mr. CHRISTOPHER. Mr. Chairman, I do not need to go into any discus­ best bill we could get, a bill which has will the gentleman yield?- sion of the Gore substitute, because I worked well this year, and which, I be­ Mr. HOPE. I yield. think everybody knows what it is. That lieve, will work well for another year if Mr. CHRISTOPHER. Was the Amer­ is one advantage in considering it-we we decide to continue it. ican Farm Bureau Federation consulted are all familiar with it; we know how it Something has been said about the in the writing of the Aiken farm bill, and works; we understand its terminology. fact that we ought to be passing per­ did they give it their approval? We do not have to try to understand manent legislation. On that point, let Mr. HOPE. I can only give the gen­ some new plan, such as that embraced in me call attention to the fact that the tleman the best information I have on the Pace bill, which, I am sure, is not Pace bill in its present form is permanent that question. If the gentleman will read generally understood among the Mem­ legislation. It is not a trial run. Do not the hearings on the Aiken bill he can bers of the House. For one thing, as far let anyone tell you that. It is permanent get the position of the farm organiza­ as the parity formula in that bill is con­ legislation. If we adopt it we adopt most tions. It is my understanding that the cerned, I know that I am not confessing of the principles of the Brannan plan. Farm Bureau supported the Aiken bill anything that is embarrassing when I If that is what we want to do, all right. and that the Grange gave it a modified say that most of the members of the But if we adopt so much of the Brannan sort of support-they were in favor of Committee · on Agriculture do not un­ plan as is contained in the Pace plan, part of its provisions and opposed to derstand it. I wish the gentleman from I am sure most of the Members of the others. I understand the Farmers' Georgia [Mr. PACE] would use part of his House are going to do so without a full Union gave it partial suppo.rt and that time in an effort to explain to the House and complete understanding of it and the National Council for Cooperatives just how this new formula is arrived at, its implications, and they will find them­ also supported it in part. But I am not how it works, and what we can expect selves in the final analysis in just the attempting to speak for those organiza­ from it in the future. same situation Members of Congress tions Mr. Chairman,_what I fear is that we were in a year ago when the Aiken bill and am simply giving the gentle­ are going to find ourselves at the end of was adopted. man the benefit of the best information this session in exactly the same position I am not going to try to differentiate I have on the subject. that we were at the end of the last session between. the Pace bill and the Brannan Mr. CHRISTOPHER. What I wanted as far as farm legislation is concerned. plan because while the Pace bill does not to know is whether they were consulted There has been much criticism of the embody all the Brannan plan it does take in the writing of the bill. Were they Aiken bill and the circumstances of its in a large part of it. I see that one of the consulted before it was written? Did enactment and it is justified. However, commentators say it takes in 75 percent, they help to sponsor the Aiken bill or no one in the House needs to make any and another one says it is 60 percent. I did they just appear before the commit­ a1>ologies for that, for we were not re- am not going to try to figure it out to a tee after the Aiken bill was written? I 9846 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 20 want to know if they had an opportun­ spokesmen. But before I do that, just in butter, eggs, poultry, fruits and vegetables-­ ity in writing it, that is, to the gentle­ case there are some who think that the and her(l the Truman-Brannan plan would man's knowledge. allow prices to fall to a free market level. Pace bill is not the Brannan plan, I want Then the Government would pay the differ­ Mr. HOPE. Not to my knowledge. to quote from. an article in one of the ence in cash directly to the farmer. This They may have been consulted. They great labor papers of the country which would give the farmer a somewhrt higher in­ did appear before the committee. The is published by the Brotherhood of Loco­ come than he gets under the present Gov­ fact is that the Aiken bill was largely motive Trainmen, until recently headed ernment-subsidized and Government-guar­ written down in the Department of Ag­ by the late Mr. Whitney. This article is anteed price-support program. The con­ sumer, on the other hand, would get a break, riculture, and the strongest statement taken from the July 11 issue of the because he could buy these perishable com­ that was made for it was by the then Trainmen's magazine, and reads as fol­ modities at much lower prices than at Secretary of Agriculture, Clinton P. An­ lows. I quote: present. derson. In this he was assisted by his Grass-root support for the Brannan farm aides in the Department, including the plan has grown so fast that those who did I call your particular attenti01~ to the present Secretary of Agriculture, Mr. not give the bill a chance for enactment this next paragraph, because that has refer­ year are changing their tune. The House ence to the OPA and the British system Brannan. Committee on Agriculture approved a meas­ of food subsidies: The Aiken bill waG thoroughly and ure which would permit application of Bran­ completely a nonpartisan bill. It was the nan principles to three crops in the coming The new program is a direct payment to product of the Department of Agricul­ year, as a trial run. the farmer and lower prices to the consumer is similar to the system used during the war ture and the Committee on Agriculture The writer must have had some inside under OPA and is similar to the British sys­ of the Senate. Whatever its merits or information, for he goes on to say: tem which also uses direct payments of tax demerits may be, those are the people money to the farmers. Ground has also been cleared for a complete who have to take th~ responsibility. switch next year to a production payment There you have the ultimate of the Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. instead of the present purchase-to-keep-the­ Chairman, will the gentleman yield? price-up method. Brannan plan as seen by those who are Mr. HOPE. I yield. its sponsors and defenders. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Is it There is more to the article, but I will On that last point regarding the re­ not a fact that the Democratic National not take the time to read it just now. turn of the OPA, I wish to call attenti~n Convention endorsed the principles .of But that is the word that is going out to the testimony of three labor represent­ the Aiken plan? among those who have sponsored this leg­ atives who appeared before the commit­ Mr. HOPE. That is the way I inter­ islation. and who are responsible for it. tee in favor of thC' Brannan program. pret the resolution which was adopted; They say this is just the beginning, and We had a host of witnesses at these hear­ yes. if they can get the Pace-Brannan bill enacted this year, they expect to have the ings but aside from Secretary Brannon ··· Mr. WHITE of California. Mr. Chair- and representatives of the farmers uriion man, \ -m the gentleman yield? · whole progr~m next year .. Had I the time, I could quote from a there were only three who appeared in Mr. HOPE. I yield. favor of the program. I want to read - Mr. WHITE of California. I know the number of papers which are published by labor organizations in which they -inter­ just what they said about this· idea of· a gentleman is very sincere in what he new OPA or price.:.control program. _ says. Does he not· believe that the Sec­ pret the Brann~n plan. At this time I retary of Agriculture, who preceded Mr. will limit myself to an article on the Mr. CHRISTOPHER. Mr. Chairm~n, Brannan, was told by the Republican Brannan plan professing to expound it will the gentleman yield? Party, which was -iri power at that time, and explain it, which appeared in the Ag­ Mr. HOPE. Not at the moment. The that he had to get rid· of the high, rigid ricultural Supplement of the League Re­ gentleman always asks enlightening price supports, and that if he wanted to porter, the ·publication of the American questions and I am always glad. to have save any part of the program he had to Federation of Labor League for Political his opinions and views, but I should like compromise and that is the reason Mr. Education. This article appeared in the to proceed for a while before yielding in supported the so­ issue of April 18. It is long and I can­ order to read what these witnesses said called ftexible price-support plan? not read all of it, but I quote from it as before the committee. I am reading now Mr. HOPE. The only answer I can follows: from the statement of Homer Ayres, who make to the gentleman's statement is In presenting the new program to Con­ appeared before - the committee repre­ that this is the first intimation I have gress, Secretary Brannan did the following: senting the Farm Equipment Workers' ever heard of anything of that sort. 1. To farmers generally he offered an Union. His statement reads as follows: The CHAIRMAN. The time of the over-all Government-guaranteed and Gov­ Past experience shows that when livestock gentleman from Kansas has expfred. ernment-subsidized income at the attractive prices rise sharply the price of meat in the Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield my­ levels of wartime. butcher shop jumps up along with it, but self 10 additional minutes. · 2. To consumers and labor he offered lower when the livestock market falls, the packers Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ prices for meat, milk, fresh vegetables, eggs, and the retail butchers are very reluctant to man, will the gentleman yield? butter, and other perishable farm products, pass livestock prices on to the consumers. that represent the major part of the con­ We know that although wheat has dropped, Mr. HOPE. I yield. sumer's cost-of-living items. the price of bread has not gone down any. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Some ref­ 3. To southern cotton and tobacco growers Therefore, to prevent the food processors erence has been made to the different he offered a Government-guaranteed and from pocketing what the consumers should farm organizations endorsing or not en­ Government-subsidized program for cotton get in the form of lower prices there should dorsing the Brannan farm program. I and tobacco that would give farmers who be some teeth put into the Brannan law in produce those commodities a better· income the form of price control. want the record to show that in the State than that provided by the so-called 90-per­ of Nebraska all three farm organizations cent-of-parity formula which they have The same view was expressed by Lyle have opposed the Brannan plan-the been demanding. Cooper, research director o'f the United Farm Bureau, the Grange, and the· 4. To the midwestern Corn Belt he offered Packinghouse Workers of America, CIO, Farmers' Union. I believe in some increased Government-subsidized and Gov­ where in the hearings, part 5, page 821, ernment-guaranteed price support levels for States the Farmers' Union have endorsed meat animals (and most corn is marketed he states: the Brannan plan. in the form of meat). This whole question of margins calls at­ But ·in the State of Nebraska the 5. To producers of fresh vegetables and tention t.o a potential danger that might eas­ Farmers' Union is just as strongly op­ fruit he offered for the first time a real and iJ.y U!1 dermine the otherwise well conceived permanent place in the Government-guar­ program of Secretary Bn~nnan which seeks to posed to any part of the Brannan plan achieve income parity for the farmer and, at as the other two farm organizations. anteed, Government-subsidized price-sup­ port system. the same time, adequate supplies of food Mr. HOPE. I am very glad to have within the reach of the low-income con­ the information, and thank the gentle­ I now skip down to two further para­ sumer. man. graphs which will be all that I will have This is the problem, as I see it. Secretary time to read. Brannan's plan, in effect, assumes that lower Mr. Chairman, I want to get to the livestock -prices_:_ irrespective of whether or philosophy of the Brannan plan as ex­ Here is the new part of the program: The not they fall below the support levels-will . pounded by those who are responsible for perishable commodj.ties account for 75 per­ automatically be passed on in lower pz:ic~s . it an~ who appear to be its. pri~cipal cent of farm income--mea~ •. milk, 1,>utterfat, to the consumer. Our examination qf ~he 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9847 record on marketing margins for meat dur­ 75 cents to · be conservative. Let us say Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. The ing the past few years raises a serious ques­ then that the price to the producer would gentleman said there would be necessity tion about the validity of any such assump­ have been 75 cents. The support price for controls. If you had controls and re­ tion. • • • was $1.75 a bu~hel. That would have duc. d production, the consumer would • • • • meant payments to producers . at $1 a not have any benefit of it at all. Consequently, the case for the exercise of If control by the Department of Agriculture bushel for 445,000,000 bushels,- and in Mr. HOPE. the sponsors of the over marketing margins is much broader addition there would have been the cost Brannan program, the labor political than that of the extremely important area of of administration. So that the cost leaders, have their way, of course, there marketing the Nation's meat supply. I re­ could not have been less than $450,000,- will be abundant production and very low spectfully suggest that this committee thor­ 000, which is exactly twice what it cost prices in the market places. What l have oughly look into this whole problem of mar­ to support the prices under the program read and what you have no doubt read gins. For there exists here.a probable weak­ that was in effect. And yet that is the and heard over the radio by the sponsors ness which could easily endanger--0r even program which would be put into effect of this program all points to that. Of wreck-an otherwise admirable program. by the Pace-Brannan bill. course, the alternative is, if we run out And then a statement filed by Russ My distinguished friend, the gentle­ of money, and surely we will some time, Nixon, Washington representative of the man from North Carolina, chairman of would be the very tightest kind of con­ United Radio, Electrical and Machine the committee, spoke about the cost of trols over all the agriculture of this Workers' Union of America, · CIO, also the egg program. I am not sure I can country. discusses this question. Among other recall the figures, but I think he said it Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, will the things, Mr. Nixon says the fallowing: cost $84,000,000. As I understand it, that gentleman yield? This means there must be some way to is the cost for 3 years. That is what we Mr. HOPE. I yield to the gentleman regulate prices and profits of processing cor­ have lost in the egg-support program. from New York. porations and other middlemen, meat pack­ That is quite a lot of money even in these Mr. JAVITS. We, being city dwellers, ers, dairy producers, manufacturers, flour times. But I want to call your attention are concerned with food prices and all millers, cotton ginners, chain stores, etc., so to how much more the Brannan payment that. I would like to have ·the gentle­ that lower·costs and prices at the farm level program would have cost. man answer this quei;;tion: Does the gen­ are passed on in full to the consumers. I want to read now from the hearings tleman feel that taking it over-all, stor­ ·Mr. Chairman, that represents the before the Committee on Agriculture in able, and perishable commodities, that view of those who are sponsoring this reference to this question and from the the cheapest way for the city dweller legislation. To me it clearly indicates testimony of Leon Todd, secretary of the is the flexible price support plan con­ that they do not think it will work, and Northeast Poultry Council. He stated, tained in the Hope-Aiken bill rather than I doubt myself if 'it will work from the in speaking of the Brannan program: . these other two alternatives, the rigid standPoint of passing on to the consumer The cost of administering such a program 90-percent support, or the so-called these lower farm prices which we are would be tremendous. In 1948 there were' Brannan plan? How does the gentle­ supposed to have under this program. produced in this Nation 3,936,750,000 dozen man feel on that point, taking these three If we adopt the Brannan plan, the next eggs. If a direct subsidy of 3 cents a dozen alternatives? thing you are going to have confrontin~ would have been paid to farmers in 1948, the Mr. HOPE. I will say this to the gen­ you will be a demand for price controls total paid out would have been $118,102,500. tleman, there are features that are com­ If the producers received a 5-cent per dozen all the way down the line to make the subsidy it would have meant a lay-out of mon to all three bills, so far as that is program work. I do not think there is $196,837,500. concerned. But it is true that the higher the least bit of doubt about it. the price-support level, the higher the The philosophy of the Brannan plan, Now, that is compared with a 3-year cost is going to be, that is, providing you as it is exPounded by those who speak cost for the egg program under existing do not exercise such controls as to limit for it, is a high income to the farmer and legislation of approximately $84,000,000. production to a point where supply and cheap prices to the consumer. That So, do not let those who are arguing for demand would bring . the price up. I sounds, of course, like magic, but it is the Brannan plan tell _you that you can would say as far as the consumer is con­ not. Somebody is going to hav0 to pay carry out that program for less money c;erned, that a program which embraces the bill. No one knows how much it is than you can carry out the old program. price controls at a moderate level, espe­ going to be. A little bit later I want to You cannot do that. Let me say this, cially upon the nonstorable commodities, give you an estimate, however, as to how that you can carry out either program would afford the consumer the greatest much it will be, because, in my mind, more cheaply a11d economically if you possibility of an abundant supply at a there is no question but what the cost have controls in effect, and if we are reasonable price. of the plan will be ruinous and it con­ going to have any program of this kind The bill includes potatoes. Because stitutes a direct threat to the entire why eventually, of course, we are going so much has been said about potatoes, let · price-support program for agricu1ture. to have controls, the very tightest kind We have seen what the program on of controls, upon everything that the me call attention to how the 60 to 90 Potatoes, which has cost so much money, farmer produces. But, if you are going percent price support program on pota­ has done in the way of incurring a loss to have controls, you can operate just as toes is working this year, and I quote from of public confidence of any price support well under the kind of a program pro­ a statement by the National Po.tato Coun­ program. But if we had a support price vided for in the Gore bill as you can cil, which is an organization represent­ program on potatoes like the Brannan under the kind of a program in the Pace ing the potato producers of this country. plan this last year 0948) it would have bill. They are contrasting the program this cost twice as much as the $225,000,000 Mr. HAND. Mr. ·chairman, will the year as far as cost is concerned with the that it did "cost. In making that state­ gentleman yield? program last year. ment, I am using figures furnished by Mr. HOPE. I yield to the gentleman The National Potato Council reported to­ the Secretary of Agriculture in a state­ from New Jersey. day that the cost of the farm price support ment which he made for the Interna­ Mr. HAND. The gentleman from Kan­ program for potatoes is running at only one­ tional News Service recently. In this sas is an able and effective friend of agri­ ftfth of the cost of last year's program. statement he stated that if the Brannan This sharp reduction in the cost of the culture. Does not the gentleman fear program, the Council reported, has been program had been in effect in 1948 the that the cost of this program ultimately brought about by a lowering of the support price of potatoes to the consumer would will be so exasperating to the people of price from 90 to 60 percent of parity, and to a have gone down to $1 per bushel. I think this country that there will be an attempt sharp decrease in acreage under the present that is right. We had an enormous crop to overthrow the entire farm-support farm program. of 445,000,000 bushels, very largely in­ As of July 14, 1949, the Government's pur­ duced by the high support price and the program? Does the gentleman have that chases under the support program totaled price would easily have gone down to $1 in his mind? only 3,215,000 bushels at a cost of slightly a bushel to the consumer. He did not Mr. HOPE. That is one of the very more than $4,000,000, as compared with pur­ say what it would be to the producer, but grave fears that I have. chases on the same date in 1948 of 10,700,000 bushels at an approximate cost of ~18,500,000. when you count freight and all of the Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. middleman's margins, I would say it Chairman, will the gentleman yield? While this is not the ultimate answer would not be any more than 50 cents a Mr. HOPE. I yield to the gentleman we do know that with a price support of bushel to the producer. But, let us say from Minnesota. 60 percent of parity this year and an 9848 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 20 estimated production of 55,000,000 bush­ program that he has stated is so well hind, if we extend the present program. els less than last year, the potato program suited to the farmers? As far as I am personally concerned, I cannot cost anything like it did then. Mr. HOPE. I do not want to go into a would be willing to vote to suspend the Let me say that this program in effect discussion of that at thi:; time because I Aiken portion of the bill indefinitely or this year under the same provisions con­ assume that such an amendment will be repeal it, until we get substantial agree­ tained in the Gore substitute is emil).ently offered and I expect to speak on that ment on a long-range program. satisfactory to the potato producers. a:mendment at that time. But I am But certainly I do not want to see the They have repeatedly so testified before agreeable so far as I am concerned to a assurance which is offered in the Gore the Committee on Agriculture this year. 1-year postponement of the Aiken bill substitute that for this coming year, un­ We have been talking about support­ for the reason that that will give us an­ til we do have a clearer conception of a ing the price of eggs. Let me say that other year in which to work out a sub­ long-range answer, w~ will have the pro­ the egg producers and their representa­ stitute program for the Aiken bill. I will tection afforded by the present program. tives have been before the· committee. say that if we cannot do that in another Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Chairman, will the They do not want the Brannan payment year then I certainly would be in favor of gentleman yield? program. a measure to repeal the Aiken bill. - Mr. HOI-E. I yield. Mr. CHRISTOPHER. Mr. Chairman, Mr. ABBITT, The only fallacy I see Mr. DOYLE. I take it that because of will the gentleman yield? there in suspending the Aiken bill is to the emphasis which the distinguished Mr. HOPE. I yield to the gentleman hold a hammer over the House so that gentleman has placed upon the fact that from Missouri. when the year 1949 has passed we will periodicals of organized labor we:..·e sup­ Mr. CHRISTOPHER. May I correct have to do something more than merely porting the Brannan plan, which I be­ an impression that I think my good accept the Aiken bill, which none of us lieve the gentleman designated as the friend from Kansas is perhaps leaving are in favor of, then the House will have sponsors and defenders thereof, that the with this House, to the effect that no to pass some legislation, and we will be one reason you are opposed to this Bran­ farmer appeared before the committee in plagued by the Aiken bill. nan plan is because . these periodicals defense of the Brann·an plan or urging its Mr. HOPE. All I am saying is predi­ have made certain comments. about it. adoption in any way. If the gentleman cated on the idea that we will pass leg­ Do I understand that the gentleman is will take the report 'of the subcommittee islation in this next session of Congress inferring tom~. as one who is seeking the and turn to page 1104 he will find begin­ which I hope will be satisfactory. I am facts, that the distinguished chairman ning on that page of the report a 4-page not saying that the Gore bill in its pres­ Of the Committee on Agriculture and the statement by me. I am a farmer, and ent form is exactly the bill that we want gentleman from Georgia [Mr. PACE], when my work is done in this House, if for a long-time program. I think we are have collaborated at all with the leaders you want to find me you will find me learning through tria,.l and error and ex­ of organized labor in 'writing this com­ down south of Kansas city on the farm. perience. It may be a long time before mittee bill? Mr, HOPE. I" apologize. The gentle­ we work out exactly the farm bill which Mr. HOPE. I am not expressing any man·is a farmer, and a good farmer. If the farmers of this country want and opinion on that because I have no in­ he appeared for the Brannan plan, I will the economy of the country can stand. formation on it. certainly have to take back the statement I certainly think we have not found the .Mr. DOYLE . . ·r take it the gentleman I made. Of course, I am amazed that answer yet, but I think we have found would know that. I take it the gentle­ as good a farmer and as intelligent a leg­ an answer for the next year if we adopt man would know whether or not that :is islator as he, would appear in favor of the Gore bill. a fact, and I would like to know if that the Brannan plan, and I am not going to Mr. SCRIVNER. Mr. Chairman, will is the inference that the gentleman is try to explain that. the gentleman yield? trying to get across to the House. Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Chafrman, will Mr. HOPE. I yield. Mr. PACE. Mr. Chairman, will the the gentleman yield? Mr. SCRIVNER. The gentleman may gentlemar1 yield? Mr. HOPE. I yield to the gentleman be interested in knowing, which I am Mr. HOPE. I yield. from Tennessee. sure he does, that my district, which is Mr. PACE. I am a little astounded at . Mr. JENNINGS. I take it the gentle­ the Second Congressional District of the gentleman's reply, because the gen­ man has already made it clear and that Kansas, is industrial and agricultural in tleman was in the subcommittee and we all understand that the Gore amend­ character and that a widespread poll has knows the bill was written by the sub­ ment continues in full force and effect indicated that among those living in the committee and amended 20 times in the next year the plan under which the farm­ city and the farmers, almost 50 to 1 are subcommittee, -and noboJy but the sub­ ers of this country have had more pros­ against the Brannan plan. committee wrote the bill and the gentle­ perity and generally better prices for Mr. HOPE. I am not surprised. man himself had a good part of the job. their products than ever before in the Mr. JENNINGS . .Mr. Chairman, if the Mr. HOPE. The gentleman does not ·history of the country. gentleman will yield to me once more, I mean that Members were not handed a Mr. HOPE. That is absolutely true. want to say I have a pocketful of tele­ draft of the bill when the subcommittee I thank the gentleman for his statement. grams here from the Farm Bureau Fed­ m~? . Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the eration membership from all over the Mr. PACE. I certainly do. I certainly gentleman yield? State of Tennessee. I have not had a do. I thought the gentleman was well Mr. HOPE. I yield. single farmer anywhere in Tennessee, informed that counsel for the committee Mr. COOLEY. The Gore amendment from one end to the other, express him­ and I drew the initial draft, and it was does a little more than extend the pres­ self in favor of this Brannan plan. amended in the committee at least 15 ent program. It suspends over the head Mr. CASE of . Mr. times before it was reported out by the of the farmers of this Nation the Aiken Chairman. will the gentleman yield? committee. bill, does it not? Mr. HOPE. I yield. Mr. HOPE. There is no question about Mr. HOPE. It suspends the Aiken bill Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I merely that. for 1 year. wish to confirm .the position of the gen­ Mr. PACE. But I do not like the idea­ Mr. COOLEY. Yes, that is right. tleman from Kansas, as he has outlined the gentleman knows me and has been Mr. ABBITT. Mr. Chairman, will the it here with respect to the Hope-Aiken in Congress with me ror 13 years, and gentleman yield? bill, and to state that it is thoroughly he knows I have not sat down and col­ Mr. HOPE. I yield. consistent with the position that he took laborated with anybody except the mem­ Mr. ABBITT. The gentleman has ex­ · at the time of ·the·conference a year ago. bers of my committee on this bill. pressed his views to some extent on the At that time he stated .he was in favor Mr. HOPE. I said I had no knowledge Aiken bill and has expressed a prefer­ of the Aiken bill so that we might have a at all that you had collaborated. ence for the Gore bill stating further that b11l and have some assurance of some Mr. PACE. I know the gentleman said the farmers have gotten along well under pri~e support if the Steagall amendment that, but it was the way in which it was the present program and are. satisfied. were not continued or if we could not s.aid . . Would the gentleman not think it ad­ work things out by long-range legisla­ Mr. HOPE. If the gentleman feels visable then to support an amendment tion. hurt because of the way I made that to the Gore bill whereby the Aiken bill Certainly the situation in the year statement, I wish to say to him now that _would be repealed, thus continuing the &!>-~ad will be comparable to :the year be- I apologize to him", because I did not want 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9849 to leave any impression that the gentle­ one else. However, I was not present at The CHAIRMAN. The Chair points man had collaborated with anyone. the time it was prepared. But I assumed out to the gentleman that he has already However, I do not think it is any crime then that it was prepared by the gentle­ consumed 59 minutes. Without objec­ to collaborate with the leaders of organ­ man from Georgia, and he assures us tion, the gentleman may proceed for five ized labor. now that it was, and that settles the additional minutes. Mr. PACE. I do not either. I did not question as far as I am concerned. There was no objection. want to leave that impression, but neither Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. Mr. HOPE. I yie}d to the gentleman organized labor nor the Secretary of Ag­ Chairman, will the gentleman yield? from Georgia. riculture, nor anybody else except the Mr. HOPE. I yield. Mr. PACE. I simply want to say to the subcommittee wrote this bill, to which Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. I think gentleman that I wrote the bill myself. the gentleman g~e his very a~le assist­ the RECORD will show tomorrow that the . Mr. HOPE. I could not believe other­ ance. gentleman fr0m Kansas did not make wise, I may say to my distinguished Mr. HOPE. That certainly answers the statement that anyone else wrote the friend from Georgia ·far whom I have the the question. and I yielded to the gentle­ Pace bill except the distinguished gen­ greatest respect and admiration and man so that he could answer the ques­ tleman from Georgia. What the gentle­ with whom I have worked on the Com­ tion. man was talking about was the Brannan mittee on Agriculture for so many years. Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the plan. I think the RECORD tomorrow will Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. gentleman yield to me? substantiate that statement. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. HOPE. Yes, I yield. Mr. HOPE. Of course that is exactly Mr. HOPE . . I yield. Mr. COOLEY. I understand the gen­ true. May I have the attention of the Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I do tleman to propound an inquiry seeking gentleman from California [Mr. DOYLE]: not think anybody will dispute the fact to ascertain whether or not the farm What I have said here, as far as the that after all these many months of leaders of the country had participated sponsorship of legislation is concerned, hearings there was a unanimous agree­ or had been heard in connection with is sponsorship of the Brannan plan. ment amongst both Republicans and the preparation of this legislation. I Mr. DOYLE. May I say to the gen­ Democrats on the Committe~ to adopt want to ask the gentleman if it is not tleman from Kansas that as I recall his the principles of the Gore bill and to a fact that during these hearings the statement it was that he either read suspend the Aiken Act. president of the Farm Bureau, the master or stated of his own knowledge that this Mr. HOPE. That was. my under­ of the Grange, and every other single Pace bill contained 75 to 80 percent of standing. farm organization in America was heard the Brannan plan. Now •. definitely, I I desire to conclude now simply by say­ or given an opportunity to be heard. got the iJ:npression from the gentleman's ing that the Committee on Agriculture The CHAIRMAN. The time of the remarks that one of the main reasons he held hearings all over this country dur­ gentleman from Kansas [Mr. HOPE] has was opposing the Pace bill was because ing the past 2 years. We went into New again expired. . it did contain 75 to 80 percent of the England, we went into the South, we Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield Brannan plan, and because organized went into the Middle West, we went into myself fiv~ additional minutes. . labor had made certain comments about the far West. We heard hundreds of Very. extensive hearings were held on the Brannan plan; and I merely wanted farmers. We did not go out looking for general agricultural legislation; on the to know whether or hot my inference farm leaders, we went to the farmers Aiken bill and on the Brannan pro­ was what the gentleman intended to get themselves. We traveled by btis and we posal. Then the committee went into aoross; because I certainly have doubt stopped at individµal farms; we talked executive.session, and this bill is the re­ that my colleague the gentleman from to farmers along the roadside, and I sult of the executive session. There has . Georgia [Mr. PACE] or the distinguished think we got a pretty good idea of what been no hearing had at which the farm chairman of the Committee on Agricul­ the farmers of this country want in the organizations or others were heard on ture would to any extent cooperate with way of farm legislation. We found there the Pace bill. organized labor in writing the bill. They were two things they emphasized re­ Mr. PACE. The reason for it is tell us on the ftoor of the House they did peatedly: One :was soil conservation, in this-- not. which they were immensely interested. Mr. HOPE. I am not complaining Mr. HOPE. There certainly is no The other thing was that they wanted a about it. difference of opinion here about that continuation of the price-support pro­ Mr. COOLEY. We started these hear­ question. The gentleman from Georgia gram. We gained that opinion from in­ ings on farm legislation in January, and has prepared a bill; the committee has terviewing hundreds and hundreds of we continued them until the time this prepared a bill which contains some fea­ farmers all over the country, and as a bill was introduced. This bill was in­ tures of the Brannan plan. I did not result last year we reenacted the pro­ troduced after it had been considered say that it was 75 or 80 percent; I said it gram that had been in effect during the by a subcommittee and after a report had considerable of the Brannan plan. war. That is still the kind of program had been made to the full committee. Whether it is 75 .or some other percent• farmers want, and that is the reason I · The gentleman from Georgia [Mr. age, it is essentially the Brannan plan. think this House should adopt the Gore PACE], at the request of the committee, The only reason I brought in the labor substitute and send it on its way to the introduced this bill. In making its de­ organizations and quoted · from labor Senate so that it can be enacted into termination, the subcommittee had the papers was that I regard them as the law before this Congress adjourns. full advantage of the testimony of all sponsors of the legislation. I think what Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Chairman, I yield farm leaders who .desired to be heard. they .say about it is very important in 5 minutes to the gentleman from Ten­ We know that the Grange is against it. helping us interpret what it means and nessee [Mr. SUTTON]. We know that the Farm Bureau is what the program is and what the ulti­ Mr. SUTTON. Mr. Chairman, I want against it. mate end of it will be. I could not quote it to be definitely clear to this body that Mr. HOPE. I do not think there is from any of the farm organizations like the statement I made when the gentle­ any dispute about that. The hearings the Farm Bureau, or the Grange, for they man from Illinois [Mr. SABATH], of the speak for themselves. If I have given are opposed to the bill. I went to those Rules Committee, yielded to me, was a any impression to the contrary, I want who spansored it and I quoted from them statement that was straight about the it distinctly understood that there were as to their understanding as to what the issue presented to the House. In no way hearings on the whole field of farm legis­ legislation meant. do I want the Members to think that I lation, but let me say this, in view of The CHAIRMAN. The time of the favor extension of the present program. what the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. gentleman from Kansas has again I favor repeal of the Aiken law and I PACE] has said, I do not want to be left expired. favor the Pace plan. I made that state­ in any false light. There was handed to Mr. PACE. Mr. Chairman, will the ment in debate on the rule for one pur­ me and other members of the subcom­ gentleman yield? pose. Everyone here, with the exception mittee, at the time we came into execu­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the of the two Republicans who stood up in tive session, a bill in typewritten form, gentleman from Kansas has expired. favor of the Aiken bill, feels that the which I assumed was prepared by the Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, inasmuch Aiken bill is unsatisfactory. Even the gentleman from Georgia. I had no rea­ as many Members are asking me to yield, gentleman from Kansas has repeatedly son to think that it was prepared b}" a~!: . I will take.. ~~e~~- the wall. Manufacturing veloped before any New Deal was ever I am glad to support this measure, even plan.ts in the East had to close because heard of; there was no legislation on though the leadership of my party is they could not sell their products. Labor the books to prevent business from go­ against it. They are not always right­ was forced out of work and at one time ing ahead in its own free way to carry I sometimes am. I do not want anyone 15,000,000 people walked the streets of on the business of the country but never­ to lose the earnings of a lifetime in a this country looking for jobs. The _finan.:. theless, with this wholly free enterprise depression, as I did in the last one. When cial situation became su utterly ruined system working with no restrictive laws, war clouds threaten and this country has by 1933 that a depositor in a bank could the whole business of the country col­ to be strong, every voter should favor it not draw out his own money. The Re­ lapsed. Was not it time to change our because here we have a chance to demon­ construction Finance Corporation was way of life? Is there anything so precious strate to the world that democracy still set up for the purpose of stopping the about our way of life that we dare not works in the United States. downward plunge. Money was loaned to change it in the face of disaster? I would be in favor of the Gore bill if banks, railroads, and insuranc_e compa­ There is no· politics in trying to keep it would repeal the -Aiken amendment, ;nies on the theory that money put into this country right side· up. All parties but I do not want any situation like Ed­ the top of the ~ation's business would should know by this time that a depleted gar Allan Poe's Pit and the Pendulum, so drip down on the people and assist them. agriculture means a national depression as to have this law swinging over the It did not drip, and the hordes of ro.ving and devastating losses that follow in its heads of the farmers to stop for 1 year. unemployed people roamed the streets wake. It· is just as much our patriotic and then let it continue again. Let us .and conntryside. duty to keep this country prosperous as repeal it altogether. If that is all that The administration changed, and our it is our duty to fight in any way we can this Congress can do, namely, repeal that policy changed. The banks were not per­ when this country is at war-no matter law and leave us under the operation of mitted to open until properly checked, if war came over our protest. the old law as it was before you tinkered and when they did open, they opened un­ Will history never make a dent on the with it in the last Congress, you will go der a new law of the guarantee of bank minds of the Republican Party? Will a long way in again establishing confi­ deposits. That ·stopped the hysteria they always shut their eyes to what can dence in the membership and leadership about runs on banks, for it is a fact that be plainly·seen around them? The party of the Republican Party in the West. any bank can be closed by a continuous was defeated last time because of two I do not think there is anything wrong and senseless run on the part of the de­ factors and two only: First the Eightieth in trying out a few products under the positors. The Securities Exchange Com­ Congress started tinkering with price Pace program. It is not going to cost this . mission was set up, protecting the people support and came out with a sliding­ country anywhere near the amount of against the sale of ·worthless bonds and scale program. This scared millions of money you say it will. And if this Pace spurious securities. , The roving jobless farmers right away from the Republican proposition comes before the House for a were put to ·work that was planned by the Party, for the · farmers believed that vote I will support it for the reason that Government and the people ate again. under this sliding-scale program they the President of the United States went Much complaint has been registered since would slide right back to where they before all the farm people in the country against the inefficiency of this Govern­ were in 1933. The next error was to in the last election °and promised them a ment work, but it had to be done as pri­ drastically change the labor laws· and change from the Aiken law. This is the vate business had testified that they could make men work by injunction. The bill the President is behind. He won. labor people thought they would lose all And the people look to this Congress to not put these 15,000,000 to work in private the gains made in the past half century carry out the program of the President. industry. and were as a body alert and fighting I am not going to be pointed out in North The farmers in the Dust Bowl were the Republican Party. Our candidate Dakota as a Republican who did every­ loaned money for feed and seed and were was all right, but no Republican candi­ thing in his power to stymie the work of given work on projects planned by the date could have overcome the errors com­ the President in his program to help the Government. Others were given out­ mitted by the party here in Congress. farmers of this country. That election right grants, but the farm people ate No party can now win an election in the was a referendum and the people by their again. More liberal interest rates were United States that has the full oppcsition votes clearly indicated their approval of offered the farmers--and longer terms of of the .farm and labor people. the President's program. I .say this is the 9854 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE JULY 20 most important questipn that will ever learned that one of the greatest assets of the Brannan plan is in the committee come before this House. If you want to to a prosperous agriculture is for the pe·o­ hill? Some of ·my distinguished col­ avoid a depression you must contrive ple in the towns and cities to be prosper­ leagues cite as their authority publica­ some means to sustain those farm prices. ous; the farmer has no hope of finding tions, labor journals, statements by col­ The . CHAIRMAN. The time of the. a market for his commodities, unless umnists in the press, yet, with all kind­ gentleman has e~pired. there is someone in town with money in ness, those who cited those authorities Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. Mr. Chair­ their pockets to buy them. · know exactly what is in the bill. man, this is one of the most crucial de­ . But that is not all. I have learned and Of the Brannan plan, to be exact, bates that the Congress has engaged in I know that to have a prosperous, stable there is in the bill a new formula recom­ during this session and I think a quorum agriculture the Government must step in mended by the Secretary of Agriculture, ought to be present. and give to the group which buys in a which I will discuss in a few minutes. Therefore, Mr. Chairman, I make the protected market, comparable protection. There is, in ~ddition, in the bill, an point of order that a quorum is not I have learned that when we provide such experimental program of production present. a price-support program for the farmers payments on three commodities for a The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will we must consider the interest of the tax­ period of 2 years. count. [After counting.] Eighty-four payers and consumers of this Nation. Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, will the Members are present, not a quorum. The And I have also learned that any sl,lpport­ gentleman yield? _ Clerk will call the roll. price program must be sensible and it Mr. PACE. Of course I will yield. The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ must be sound, if it is to remain on the Mr. HOPE. The gentleman does not lowing Members failed to answer to their statute books. mean that the bill at the present time names: There is but one issue before the House puts any limitation upon the favored [Roll No. 130) of Representatives today. I repeat, there commodities in the program, does he? Anderson, Calif.Hall, Richards is but one issue bef or·e the House of Rep­ Mr. PACE . . No; but I thought my dis­ Arends Edwin Arthur Rivers resentatives today. That is whether or tinguished friend understood the an­ Barrett, Pa. Hall, Sasscer Bishop Leonard W. Scott, not the farmers of this Nation will long nouncement of the chairman of the com­ Bonner Hays, Ohio Hugh D., Jr. enjoy a good suppoct-price program. mittee that we proposed to offer an Buckley, N. Y. Heffernan Shafer That is the only issue here. That is the amendment to limit the experiment to Bulwinkle Herlong Sikes issue presented by the pending bill. Burke Hoffman, Ill. Smat hers 2 years. Cannon Johnson Stanley Let me put it another way, if you You know, they call it the Brannan Celler Kennedy Stockman please. How long will this Congress, plan. Do you know who first recom­ Chatham Lodge Taber how long will the American people sup­ Clevenger McGrath Thomas, N. J. mended it? Oh, not first, but who rec­ Coudert McGregor Thomas, Tex. port a price program which.spends hun­ ommended it before the . Sl.cretary of Davenport McGuire Thornberry dreds of millions of dollars for the pur­ Agriculture? Mr. Chairman, I have in Davies, N. Y. Macy Towe chase of surplus food, and burns it or Dawson Morrison Velde lets it rot on the ground or feeds it to my hand the hearings before. the Senate Dingell Murphy Vorys Committee on Agriculture when what is Dollinger Noland Vursell the hogs? How long? Dolliver O'Brien, Mich. Walsh It has been mentioned here that we known as the Aiken bill was under con- Eaton Pfeifer, Whitaker . sideration. As far as I have been able Ellsworth Joseph L. . Wigglesworth have a good 90 percent of parity support Engel, Mich. Poulson Wilson, Ind. price program. Do you realize you did to find, this is the first recommendation Fellows Powell Withrow not have anything but 52 'to 75 percent of the production-payment plan made to Gilmer Rabaut of parity supports before the war? Do that committee. The witness was Mr. Green Rich you realize that 90-percent support is John Davis, a very fine, outstanding, Accordingly the Committee rose; and war born? Do you realize that through­ able, and honorable gentleman. Mr. the Speaker having resumed the chair, out the war and up until a few months Davis had been testifying about the Mr. KEOGH, Chairman of the Committee ago the 90-percent support was on a ris­ support prices on basic commodities. of the Whole House on the State of the ing commodity price-going up, going This is on page 100 of the Senate hear~ Union, reported that that Committee up, going up, and that rarely, if ever, ings; that is easy to remember. He had having had under consideration the bill were the supports necessary? You un­ been talking about the basic commodi­ H. R. 5345, and finding itself without a derstand that, do you not? Do you un­ ties enjoying suc::h a good support price. quorum, he had directed the roll to be derstand that farm prices have leveled Mr. Davis said: called, when 362 Members responded to off, and do you realize that we are now At our meeting last week, when we were their names, a quorum, and he submitted faced with declining farm prices? talking about long-range policy, this was herewith the names of the absentees to Those of you who want to go back to pretty much the sentiment--that ·u a long­ be spread upon the J ourn-al. 50 percent of parity support prices, vote range agricultural policy is to include sup­ The Committee resumed its sitting. against the committee bill. You should. port prices for basic commodities, then our Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield If we have lost" hundreds of millions members think they. are going to be drh:en 15 minutes to the gentleman from Geor­ of dollars in the last 3 years under the to the position that all segments bf agri­ gia [Mr. PACE]. present support program, will someone culture should have somewhat similar treat- Mr. PACE. Mr. Chairman, I am sure please rise in his place and tell me how · men~ · · we will all agree that we should have a many billions we are go.ing to lose in. I subscribe to that myself. full understanding of the pending meas­ the next 4 or 5 years under the pres­ Senator ELLENDER: Can you offer any sug­ ure before we undertake to vote. There­ ent program? Would you do that for gestion as to how it can be done? fore, I would be most grateful if you me? We 'have heard the fantastic Mr. DAVIS. Just this: That we want a would be patient with me for a: few min­ figures given this morning about what st:udy made of the ,feasibility of using . a utes and give me your close attention. the committee bill may cost. I chal­ compensatory payment 'program for some of There is a rather important issue in­ the perishable commodities. The problem lenge every Member · who has made is that you cannot store such commodities; volved here. that charge to stand up and announce they have to be moved immediately. Some statements have been made that the .fantastic figures that the support are not entirely accurate. Of course not program contained in title I, which it is Listen! because of any intention, but because of proposed to extend, is going to cost in If the Government is to take title, then the lack of information. As you all know who the next 12 months. You cannot meas­ Government becomes the market-- have served with me, -I have spent the greater part of . my service in Congress ure it. by the past. Why? Because, as Irish potatoes, eggs, wool. trying to be helpful to those who provide I said, in the past your support levels We would like to avoid that. The alterna­ tive it seems to some of our people is to let the food and fiber for this Nation. It is were never rieeded except in isolated natural after .that effort and after long c.ases. Now you· have reached that the products move in the market at some period, I regret to say, when your sup­ price, since they are perishable, and then study one should reach some definite con­ compensate the farm.er. clusions. I learned that agriculture has port level is going to be your market an important part in the economy .of the price, and you know it. Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Chairman, will Nation. The record shows that agricul­ Next, I w.ant to answer one question. the gentleman yield at that point? ture leads the way up or down. I have The question has been asked, How much Mr. PACE. Briefly. 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9855 Mr. GATHINGS. Would the gentle­ That is the committee bill. He not program and said the war was over so far man state to the committee who Mr. only suggested that this payment plan as the farmers of the United States were Davis represented? be put in the Aiken bill but he has recom­ concerned. Mr. PACE. I thought I stated that. mended to us that we try it out, and that Mr. PACE. Well, he declared the Mr. Davis is the executive secretary of is all that we are doing, as I will discuss emergency at an end. the National Council of Farmer Co­ in a moment. Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. So far as operatives. Now turn to page 565. This is Mr. the farmers were concerned. Now, let us see about the Brannan Goss of the National Grange now talking. Mr. PACE. Let us get rid of the Farm plan. I do not want to be unkind; I do Mr. Goss is a fine man. As all of us will Bureau now. The gentleman from Kan­ not believe in that. Somebody had the remember, his principal recommendation sas [Mr. HOPE], the distinguished rank­ idea they had something here that they to t:_e committee was that a board be ap­ ing minority member of the committee­ could damn because it happened to come pointed to work with the Secretary. and there never lived a man of greater from the lips of Charlie Brannan. He discussed a strai_ght subsidy, and ability and integrity-asked Mr. Kline Let us see about that. I am going to said that that might be necessary, but this question. Listen to this, and then prove to you that the National Farm Co­ that if it were necessary he would like make up your own minds about the atti­ operatives not only suggested it, Sena­ to see the funds raised through some tude of the Farm Bureau: tor AIKEN accepted it and wrote it into system of price insurance. Do you favor continuing. in the Aiken bill, the bill, but the American Farm Bureau It was not a question of subsidy; it was if it continues to be the law of the land, a then approved it and they approve it a question of how we are going to get the provision for payments? today. And may I repeat that? I shall money. Mr. KLINE. It is a matter of record that we show to you that the Farm Bureau ap­ He recognized that tt_ere may be emer­ aggressively supported the act with that pro­ proves this bill today and refuses to agree gency conditions where it might be nec­ vision in it. It is further true that the sup­ essary, nevertheless. port of prices for nonbasic commodities, to knocking the word "payment" out of Which we are also for, is an extraordinarily the Aiken bill. Now, that was the Grange. Compare difficult proposition, and that there is, there­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the that with the mimeographed letter which fore, in our testimony, a clear-cut attitude gentleman from Georgia has ex.pired. he mailed you a few days ago. that this may be necessary, but simply point­ Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield Now let us go to the Farm Bureau, so inc out that it has these dangers for farmers the gentleman 15 additional minutes. turn to page 465, and I want you to hear inherent in it. Further, it is true that we Mr. PACE. Mr. Chairman, Members this, because the principal one fighting have proposed some amendments to make ef­ are getting all sorts of telegrams here this bill is a man named Kline, because fective the act of 1948 and that we have not made any suggestion with regard to the from the otJicials of the Farm Bureau to the Aiken bill is his baby. elimination of this provision. In fact, we do vote against the committee bill. All Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, not suggest it. right. You ask me, "Mr. P.ACE, if that is will the gentleman yield? true, why are they sending those tele­ Mr. PACE. I yield to the gentleman Do you understand, the gentleman grams?" Before I read the evidence I from Massachusetts. from Kansas, after calling to his atten­ want to say to you, "I do not know." Mr. McCORMACK. One of the tion the provision in the Aiken Act that But I am going to leave a question with pledges of the Democratic Party is ta authorized production payments, which you. repeal the Aiken bill. was what the Secretary of Agriculture The Honorable CLIFFORD HOPE and I in Mr. PACE. Yes. Every Democrat ·en had just recommended to our committee, the committee both questioned Mr. the :floor that night voted against it and arked Mr. Kline: Kline, the president of the National every Republican, but two or three, voted • Knowing it is in there, that it is going to Farm Bureau, about payments being in for it, and most of them wish they had be the law, do you suggest that we knock the Aiken bill. We both asked him if he not. it out? did not want to strike it out in the Aiken · Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. Kline's reply was: gentleman yield? bill. He said he did not. And that is We do not suggest it. the Brannan plan complete. Mr. PACE. I yield to the gentleman Mr. Allen Kline testified before the from Kansas. That is all I am going to say, except Senate Agricultural Committee last Mr. HOPE. 'l'he President signed it, this, that those gentlemen have exactly week. He made nine recommendations however, a few days later, did he not? the same views as do the majority of this of changes in the Aiken bill in the form Mr. PACE. Yes. committee in reporting this bill. of amendments and then he spent 10 Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the We took the position that the basics minutes damning the Brannan plan but gentleman yield? are pretty well protected, my cotton, my did not suggest that the Brannan plan Mr. PACE. I yield to the gentleman corn, my ·wheat, my rice, my tobacco, contained in the Aiken bill be stricken from North Carolina. and my , and we took the posi­ out. Mr. COOLEY. Is it not true that the tion that as far as their livelihood is Could it be that the Farm Bureau President stated that he was doing so concerned, there are farmers producing wants the Aiken bill and wants every­ reluctantly, and that but for his sig­ other commodities who are entitled to thing killed that would in the slightest nature we would not have had a support equal treatment. We think they, too, endanger the going into etf ect of the program in 1949? are entitled to a support price. That is Aiken bill? I am a Farm Bureau mem­ Mr. PACE. I am sure he is at present right. But what else did we decide? ber. I think I had a little part in build­ for the committee bill. It has been mentioned here that the ing up the Farm Bureau down in Geor­ Mr. COOLEY. Is it not a fact that but :first day of this session I introduced a gia, and I shall continue to try to build for his signature to that bill we would bill to continue title I and repeal the re­ it up, but they have at this hour placed not have had a support program for mainder of the Aiken Act. I did. That themselves in an inconsistent position 1949, that is, this year? is right. I was then concerned and I am that will never be understood by the Mr. PACE. Well, we would only have concerned today about the Aiken Act go­ farmers. had a 50- to 75-percent program. ing into e:f!ect. But since that was done Let me give you the evidence. Refer Mr. COOLEY. Does the gentleman I have worked in that committee day to page 616, part 3 of the hearings, and not think that was a good and persuasive after day, morning, afternoon, and you wil1 find the testimony of Mr. John reason why the President should sign sometimes at night, and for 6 long Davis, of the National Council of Farm the bill, because the Aiken aspects of it months day in and day out we have been Cooperatives, who recommended what were objectionable? studying this problem. Mr. PACE. I think it was the com­ We found that during the last 3 years · we call the Brannan plan to the Senate. your Government under title I, which He was before our committee a short pelling reason under the circumstances. Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. time ago. Here is a question I asked Chairman, will the gentleman yield? GORE] now proposes you extend, has him: Mr. PACE. I yield to the gentleman bought $408,000,000 worth of Irish pota­ Do you or do you not approve the Secre­ from Wisconsin. toes. · It has burned them, it has let them tary's production-payment proposal? Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. I have lie on the ground and rot, it has fed them Here is the answer: here the official directive of the President to the hogs, and the American people We would approve it on an experimental issued on December 31, 1946, when, by and the American taxpayers did not get basis. Executive order, he killed the support one of tbem. 9856 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 20 We also found that under title I, which the producer by a small payment and Now I am taking too long. Let me supports eggs at 90 percent of parity. let the people of this country eat that hurry along, please. I think I should which the gentleman· from Tennessee food instead of letting it rot or be de­ discuss the committee bill and the Gore [Mr. GoRE] proposes to extend and con­ stroyed, You say that does not make bill, because we will have little time after tinue things just as they are, your Gov­ sense? Well, I do not know what would it has been offered. ernment has lost $48,000,000 and now has make sense. It was charged here this Mr. BARDEN. Mr. Chairman, will the $84,000,000 worth of powdered eggs that -morning that under this the Secre­ gentleman yield? they cannot even give away. tary can just turn them loose and let Mr. PACE. If you will just let me I tell you what I decided, I tell you them produce a -billion bushels and let finish I will be glad to yield . . what the 17 Democrats on our com­ the price drop , down to 10 cents. He The Gore bill, to extend title I, will mittee decided. We decided that we cannot do any such thing. Nobody who continue the egg program as is, with no could not long live, we decided the farm­ has read the bill is justified in making limitations, and with all the losses we ers could not long live, and. we decided any such ·statement. Listen to me, have had in the past. Do you know the American taxpayers did not intend please-here is ·the bill. If you turn to what the Secretary is doing now? He is to live long with a program that did that page 7 of the bill, you will find that in buying millions of eggs every day. The for perishable· foods. ·carrying out the provisions of this sec­ Gore bill would keep him in that business All right; what was the issue, then? If tion, "compliance by the producer with next year. It will continue the potato a perishable commodity is entitled to-as acreage allotments, production goals, program just exactly as it is today. Not much protection as my cotton is entitled and marketing practices as prescribed a single change. Extend title I. It to, and I claim there is nothing sacred by the Secretary, may be required as a would support chickens at 90 percent of about cotton or corn or wheat, if there is condition of eligibility for price support," parity, when all the chicken people came nothing sacred about them and they are and then turn back to page 5, section before our committee less than 2 months entitled to these supports, then what Cc), and you will see that when the Sec­ ago and said, "We do not want it. It is should we do? retary fixes the support level on Irish too high. We do not v·ant any fixed It is mighty hard to get it clear in potatoes.. and eggs, what must he do? .support price. We want it left to the your mind if you do not understand the He must take into account the supply of Secretary to work out with us on the basis present farm program, if you do not un­ the commodity in relation to the demand of the supply and demand." derstand the Aiken Act, and if . you do and the producers must be willing and Another thing, under title I you sup­ not understand this bill. You see the able to limit their production or mar­ port all wool. Did you know you were difficulty. Under the present law as to ketings within reasonable limitations. supporting prices for the packers of this . cotton and corn, storables, and as to What did the Secretary say? You know country-when they buy a lamb they Irish potatoes and eggs and everything , Mr. Brannan is nothing particular to me. have a way of pulling the wool off? Did else, there are but two ways the Secretary But I believe he is honest-I know that. you know that you are now guaranteeing of Agriculture can carry out the- support I believe he is sincere. And on the last them 42 cents a pound for that old greasy program. He can make loans on those day of the hearings en his proposal I wool? We do not think that ought to be commodities that are storable without questioned him on his proposal. You done. Under the bill we have limited the loss, such as cotton, corn, ·wheat, and to­ can find it on page 349 of the hearings. support price to shorn wool, to the man bacco. There are some six or eight of I questioned him the last minute of the out there who takes the sheep and ties ' them-I do not recall exactly how many hearings. I wanted to get an idea of . him down and clips off the wool. Then loans can be made on. Those can be what this could cost, where these produc­ . we provide that he shall sell it in the kept, but what do you do with all the tion limits were to be put. Here is what . market, rather than the Government others? Under the present law there is · I asked him: buying every pound of it at 42 cents, only one thing the Secretary of Agricul­ Mr. PA~. Could it be said that you would paying the buyers, paying the classers ture can dQ and that is to buy. That is 1n the administration of this program seek paying the storage, paying the sellers, the reason he bought the Irish potatoes. an ample supply of food· for all of the peo­ and then selling it in the competitive That means we tell the Secretary, "Mr. . ple, on a good diet, at reasonable prices? market. Will somebody tell me what is Secretary, you go out and support X Secretary BRANNAN. That ts right. the difference in making the Government commodity at a dollar." When we have Is there anybody here who wants to , buy and sell the wool or letting the pro­ said that, the ·Secretary announces to rise up and object to that? . ducer sell it himself, when the cost would the farmers, "I am going to support the Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Yes. I object­ be somewhere between 25 and 50 per­ price on this commodity at a dollar." Mr. PACE. Very well: I will hear you cent less when the producer sells it? Then let us say you have a surplus of in a minute. The gentleman from Kansas [Mr. the commodity you have applied your Mr. SMITH of Ohio. You do not want HOPE] expressed the desire that I say support to, and the price begins to break. to hear me. something about the parity formula. If The minute it gets close to $1, the sup- Mr. PACE. I think I can say the it were left to me individually, and you . port price, what does the Secretary do? farmers do not object. They want to · ladies and gentlemen would put farm What can he do? He cannot do any­ · produce enough for the people to eat. · labor costs in the old formula, I would thing but assemble buyers and say, "Go That ~ is what the Secretary said-an , rather have it than anything. But I out yonder to the market and buy up ample supply for the people. In fact, -if have ttied 10 years now and you have X commodity, and buy and buy and buy:" you wm look at section 1 of the original · not put it in. If anybody will turn to So they buy the surplus to keep that price . Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, it is · page 17 of the committee report and at a dollar in order to keep our promise made mandatory on the farmers of this · look at the support price you are going to the farmers. That is all he can do. Nation to produce an ample supply for to get· under the Aiken Act formula, no The present law authorizes nothing but the consumers. Representative from a farm area would loans and purchases. Do you under- The consumers are not going to object . ever approve of it. What did we have . stand that now? Do you understand Certainly they want the farmers to pro­ in committee? We had a sound, con­ that all the Secretary can do is to make duce enough food for them to eat. Cer­ structive, practical proposal from the a loan on the commodity if it can be tainly the farmers do not want anything · Secretary of Agriculture. We now have stored and will not deteriorate and if the but a reasonable price. I know very well one based on 1909-14 prices. The Sec­ storage is not too much and that the the consumers do not want to pay any­ retary's formula was far superior to that only thing he can do is to purchase the contained in the Aiken bill. For that surplus? thing more than a reasonable price. Now, who is going to object? The Secre­ reason it is written into this bill. Here Now, the question you have to decide is how it works: The Secretary's formula, today, and that is all, is whether or not tary, in the administration of Irish instead of using the prices the farmers you want to continue title I and require potatoes next year, in the administration received in 1909-14, provides that all him to buy potatoes and burn them up, of the egg program next year, will ask of the prices added up-the total cash whether you want him to continue to them to produce a supply ample for all farm receipts for the last 10 of the last buy eggs and let them rot, or whether, the people at reasonabJe prices. I hope 12 years, that you shall take those and when there is a surplus, instead of doing , our distinguished friend from Ohio [Mr. apply the parity index to each year and that, the Secretary can let the commodity : SMITHJ will get time to tell why he determine its purchasing power; add up find its market level and then protect objects. the 10 years and divide it and get your 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9857 average. Then he uses the current par­ let either happen. There is an easy but from Tennessee to his party. Why? ity index to determine what those cash a good alternative. Because I advocate extending a program receipts should be- at the present time; What is it? It is the substitution, not for which everyone of you who w ~ re here that is determined. Then after-getting of my judgment for that of the commit­ in any Congress before this one have that total it has to be -broken down to a tee, not at all, it is the substitution of the voted. price support for each commodity. He agriculture program that has been built Now, let us come to this bill. I want does that by multiplying the current par­ by these men, by you and by others who to take up first the level of price supports. ity index by the average price each com­ have passed on from this body, for 16 The distinguished gentleman from modity has brought during the last 10 years. I confess I thought we had a Georgia pictured what was going to hap­ years. For example-I see the gentle­ pretty good program. I have been vot­ pen; what great catastrophe might man from Georgia [Mr. WHEELER] look­ ing for it for 11 years now and up until happen with the extension of title I. ing at me-the average price of cotton last year I never saw any partisanship Do you find in his bill any withdrawal of during the last 10 years has been 22 in the building up of that program. I supports on basic commodities? Not at cents. Multiply that by the index of have been out and I have talked to the all. You find the list increased and the 1.25 and you will find the parity price of farmers. I sort of patted myself on the support levels upped. Even though they cotton is 27 .99 or 28 cents. That is the back that I had been up here and voted now propose an amendment which will way it is determined. for it. In fact, I offered a few amend­ make it impossible to have a subsidy: I say to you in my place that we did ments that I thought helped build this payment program on hogs, do you know not know how the first parity formula program. I thought the farmers were what his bill will do? Read the report. was going to work when it was recom­ pretty well satisfied with it. The bill increases the support price for mended by President Roosevelt in 1933; I wonder what got so wrong with our hogs from $16 to $19. This $3 per hun­ I say to you in my place that for the next farm program so quick. Surely I have dred raise on support levels for hogs 5 years, in my judgment, this parity been misled. I put on my buckler and alone would amount to over $500,000,- formula is as good as the present formula shield last fall and, taking sword in hand, 000 on the hog crop already predicted and many, many times better than that campaigned against the Eightieth Con­ by the Department of Agriculture, to say in the Aiken Act; and 5 years from now gress for tinkering with the great farm nothing of the increased production that you can look at it again and see if any program we had been building through is bound to result from the artificial dis­ changes are needed. years of Democratic administration proportion which the Pace bill would Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 20 under the leadership of the late Pres­ establish in the corn-hog ratio. Do you minutes to the gentleman from Tennes­ ident Roosevelt. Someone should have know what the support price for corn is see [Mr. GORE]. given me a tip. Honestly. I did not know in the Pace bill? It is $1.46. And $19 Mr. GORE. Mr. Chairman, I trust my we were running on the Brannan plan. for hogs. I will tell you what I can do, colleagues will let me proceed for the The campaign was over before I heard and I am a practical farmer, having fed short time allotted to me to discuss one about it. And think of it. Somebody hogs almost every year since I was able of the most fundamental issues that has forgot to put it in the Democratic plat­ to carry a sack of corn. I could rent a been before the Congress during my form. I wonder how many of you were city block in Washington or New York tenure in this body without interruption. lef.t. in, the dark, too. How many of you and truck corn from my farm in Ten_­ I think I should be quite presumptuous campaigned on the Brannan plan? I nessee and feed hogs at that ratio and if I, alone, after a few weeks' study, came admit I never heard of it until-I believe make money doing it. Let me ask you before this body seeking upon only my it was in April. And then almost sud­ if you want to perpetrate that on this own endorsement to write a whole agri­ denly we are asked to abandon the par­ country? It might make last years' cultural policy for this great country. ity-price approach to a fair exchange potato fiasco look like·a molehill. _ That I do not. value of farm commodities in the market Bug-a-boos can be raised about the_ I know we have a great Agricultural place that has gained such wide accept­ present program. I have never suggested Committee. There is not one member ance, asked to endorse a cluster of de­ that it was a perfect program. It is not. of that committee who is not my warm lusionary promises of food both cheap From time to time new circumstances personal friend. I have no criticism and expensive at the same time, asked to have developed and we have had to make of them-none whatever-nor do I im­ approve a policy that would make the modifications and changes. But what pugn the motives of any of our great farmer dependent upon appropriations is wrong in that? That is how we build labor or farm organizations or any of from the Treasury for a large part of his programs in America. We learn from the opposing parties to this issue. pay for what he produces. All of this in experience. This is a fundamental issue, a funda­ so short a time and with such inadequate Now let me right there talk abol+t this mental departure from the orthodox consideration. potato program. The Secretary has built practice of our economy. It is some­ By what high mandate are we called his whole appeal on this fiasco on pota..: thing upon which, I trust, all of us can upon to endorse this fundamental de­ toes last year. Well, what is it this year?· have honest disagreement without ques­ parture from basic Americanism? By What is it this year? You know, he says tioning anyone's motive. You have heard party convention or platform? No, there that he can handle potatoes better by the debate. How many of you know has been none. By referendum of the a subsidy program. What has happened more about the bill that is before us­ people? No, not the people. Have the this year? The _potato program this very much more-than you knew before farmers petitioned· that their farm pro­ year is working quite more satisfactori­ it started? It is a very complicated sub­ gram be changed? I have received no ly. We have learned by experience, by ject and apparently not many Members such entreaties. Who, then, wants this limitation of production, by marketing are anxious to explain how the bill will plan? All I know is that it is Secretary agreements developed with farmers that work. Brannan's plan. The farmers claim no potato price supports are working. What The controversy we have had over the part of it. In fact, they do not think it is the result? Through July 14 we have Aiken bill for the last 12 or more months, is or ever will be a farm plan. bought only about one-fifth as many dol­ the lack of understanding and the con­ _ There are other mistakes in the bill lars worth of potatoes as we d:d by the fusion about the present bill, proves to which reference has already beeri same date last year. But, that does not what? It proves that we cannot afford made in preceding debate, but the big mean it is going to cost one .:. fi fth as to run the risk with the farmer's wel­ issue before us is food subsidies. With much. Why? Because the Government fare, and the farmer's welfare being· tied this issqe I am· unwilling to temporize or can come much nearer getting its money to the country's welfare, by taking this compromise. back, and putting into useful purposes, leap in the dark and throwing overboard $4,000,000 wor th of potatoes than it can We are told that this subcommittee, of with $18,500,000 worth of potatoes. Thus a program that has been built out of 16 wbich the distinguished gentleman from far this year, it is a success story and years of experience and farmer coopera­ Georgia [Mr. PACE] is chairman; unani­ the Secretary of Agriculture is to be com..: tion. mously voted to extend this program plimented. I talked with the man han­ I do not think we should take this another. year, only later to change its dling the potato program in my State and leap in the dark, nor do I think we should mind. Yet 1· have heard several 'sugges..: he tells me that this year not one bushel permit the Aiken bill to go into effect tions from this well today questioning of potatoes has b ~en destroyed. T i1 c y on January 1 next. We do not have to the loyalty of one certain gentleman have been put to good purposes; to the 9858 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 20 school-lunch program, to social institu­ they say this $6 would price them out of buyers, but also to grocery stores and tions and some, perhaps, to potato flour. the market. Let me read you the wire: consumers. Thousands of farmers sell Yes, the potato program this year is We do not favor the Pace-Brannan bill, eggs on a retail basis-one or two dozen working .. And, what does that prove? It but we do favor present law. at a time-to passing motorists or to proves that this program that. has been PAUL RUDOLPH, consumers along more or less regular de­ time tested through the years can be General Manager, Eastern Dark-Fi red livery routes. The problem of verifying made to work; in fact, we have learned Tobacco Associ ation. sales . to reg·ular produce buyers and to handle the most difficult circum­ They say they do not want it, yet by grocery stores would be difficult. Even stances through and with it. Why, then, this bill we would give it to them un­ with an army of inspectors it would be I ask you, must I be branded as disloyal sought, unwanted, unneeded, and un­ impossible to verify farmers' reports-of to my party because I want to exte_nd it? sound. sales to consumers. Some padding of Why, I ask you Democrats? Let me read to you another telegrani these reports undoubtedly would occur. Now, I want to talk for just a moment from a friend of every one of you who What would keep farmers f ram selling to my friends from highly industrialized has served in any Congress before this. their entire production and buying back districts who have been· looking askance It is addressed to me: eggs for home consumption in order to at me. Some of you have asked me why As one deeply interested in American agri­ acquire the sales records which would l am against the Brannan plan. Some culture I want to keep the American farmer qualify them for subsidy payments. of you asked why the farmers are against from becoming a charit y patient in the How, I ask you, would Secretary Bran­ the Brannan plan and others have asked Government hospital. nan calculate, estimate, or guess how why it makes any difference to the What the farmers want and are entitled many eggs 4,760,000 American women farmer where he gets his money as long to is a fair price in the market place and will sell, to whom, and at what price? as he gets it. not. a Government hand-out or dole. And To pay a subsidy to every American Well, let me turn the proposition all that labor asks is a fair wage. The pay­ woman or man who sells a dozen eggs master for the products of the soil should around and apply it to some of your con­ be the consumers of those products and not would require the winding and rewinding stituents and then I will let you be the the Treasurer of the United States. of_ a million miles of red tape. Remem­ judge as to whether you think they would While the Brannan plan preaches a philos­ ber OPA? It was necessary during the like it. ophy diametricaly opposed to the American war but not now. Suppose we have a bill up in Congress philosophy of government it is, I am afraid, In many American homes today much to establish a policy of giving cheap auto­ no-; only a destructive but a seductive phil­ of the household money comes from the mobiles to the people and paying the dif­ osophy, with plenty of sex appeal, in that chickens and eggs which the women it holds out to the American farmers high ference in the wages the workers are pa,id prices and to the American consumers low raise. When they go to the country store and what we think they ought to be paid prices, thus putting the hands of both the or the county seat on a Wednesdil.y after­ by an appropriation from the Treasury. farmers and consumers into the pockets of noon or Saturday they frequently take a Suppose we say to the autop:iobile work­ poor old Uncle Sam for a livelihood. basket of eggs and maybe a chicken or ers, "Now, fellows, we are going to have Hoping that yo-1r amendment is·. adopted, two and with the income from that pro­ a policy of giving cheap automobiles to which means that furthe ~ · study will be given duce they bring home a pair of shoes, or the people. We are going to produce an the problem, I am sincerely yours, some print, or a pair of overalls, or some abundance of automobiles and let them JOHN W. FLANNAGAN, Jr. sugar and flour. This practice is not an find their levels in the market place, as For the benefit of new Members, I isolated case, but, I dare say, in rural Mr. Brannan says we ought to do with should like to identify Mr. Flannagan as America the usual case. farm prqducts. So do not you fellows the Democratic leader of the Committee I have been trying to figure out just ask for any higher wages. Do not you on Agriculture just prior to this year. how we would go about keeping all these be bothered about wages, anyway. We He retired voluntarily the first of last records and making all these 4,000,000 have a policy of giving cheap automo­ January. subsidy payments. So I sent over to the biles to the people. Of course, the manu­ Now I want to talk about eggs. My Library and I called the embassies and I facturers will have to cut your wages, distinguished friend, the chairman of the got all the books and pamphlets I could but now do not you be bothered about committee, said we have 60,000,000 about how the program was operated in what you get in wages. We are going to pounds of dried powdered eggs. Do you Germany, in Argentina, and in Great pass a bill in Congress to appropriate know that you can powder eggs more Britain. I find that it has been a rather enough money out of the Federal Treas­ cheaply than you can put them in cold difficult problem for them, too. Of ury to pay you the difference between storage? Do you know that 60,000,000 course, as I said earlier, it has grown far what. you get and what Congress thinks eggs is only a drop in the bucket? . How beyond the chicken and egg stage for you ought to get." many eggs do you think were produced them. I hold here a pamphlet put out by Do you think the automobile workers last year? the British Ministry of Agriculture. I would like that? Well, if you do not I am going to tell you how many eggs :find · many things interesting in here. think so, how come you think the farmers were produced in dozens-not just the Producers are required to keep receipts, number_of eggs. Four and one-half bil­ the purchaser is required to keep receipts would like it any better? lion dozens of eggs were produced last from the people to whom he sells. Now let me go back to this bill. Let me year. Do you know how many people I hold here, too, an analysis of the ex­ speak of one other price-support level sold eggs last year? Four million seven perience of Germany in this program. that this bill would establish. This bill hundred and sixty thousand people, You might be interested to know how would arbitrarily', without any request mostly women. they handled the egg program. Every from anyone, without any justification, Now the distinguished gentleman from person who sold eggs was required to get without it even being wanted, raise the North Carolina is going to off er a motion, a receipt in triplicate, one was to be sent support price on burley tobacco $9 on or so he has announced, to eliminate to the Depa:i;tment of Agriculture, one the hundred. I have here in my hand hogs from the payment program, leaving, was to be safely kept by the chicken a telegram from the Burley Tobacco however, this artificially created dispro­ raiser, the other was to be filed with the Producers Association saying they do not portion in the corn-hog ratio. But in purchaser. After reading this I first want it; it will raise the supports too that respect the gentleman jumps from thought that the method was pretty bad, high. They want to continue the pres­ the skillet into the fire, in my opinion­ to put under the payment program, of but upon second thought, it occurred to ent program. The wire is from Mr. F. V. me that it might be the most practical Browder, president of the Tennessee all things, eggs. Eggs that are produced by 4,760,000 families. way to keep up with an egg subsidy pro­ Burley Tobacco Growers Association. The marketing of this huge production gram. If 4,760,000 egg producers aver­ It would raise arbitrarily and without involves literally millions of sales to hun­ aged selling eggs just once a week that request the dark-fired tobacco support dreds of thousands of buyers located in would be 247,520,000 receipts in triplicate. price $6 on the hundred. I do not know every county of the United States. The How are you going to do this? We are how much you people know about to­ paper work that would be involved in responsible for it if we adopt this mess. bacco, but dark-ft.red tobacco is one type checking sales records to determine the I am telling you it is utterly unworkable. for which we have almost no domestic amount of payments due individual If you put this thing down the throats market except in snuff. We depend on farmers almost defied comprehension. of the rural people of America and hap­ the foreign market to dispose of it,. and Eggs are sold, not only to regular produce pen to go down into my district in 1950, 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE 9859 you will likely meet one of these indus­ sidered the exclusion of other things­ we concluded the hearings in Fresno, trious chicken raisers going to town with under this bill, with that amendment, Calif., in December. Then do you think a basketful of receipts-in triplicate­ the Secretary cannot experiment with that we should go back into the cloistered to get her subsidy, to make up to her what hogs, about which the gentleman from halls of some study and sit down with she should have got for her eggs, when Tennessee [Mr. GORE] seems to like a lot of statistics and try to bring out she sold them, but did not. If so I advise to talk. The fact is he has talked about a farm bill? For 6 months we worked on you not to irritate her. She might be growing hogs here on Capitol Hill. Un­ this, and we bring it to you without dangerous. For goodness' sake, do not der this bill the price of hogs is fixed at apology; we bring it to you in the hope say it is a Democratic program. Say it is 19 cents, and the gentleman from Ten­ that you will at least consider it with the Brannan plan. nessee [Mr. GORE] evidently did not intelligence and with patriotism; we The CHAIRMAN. The time of the think it wise to give you this language know you will. You have the choice to gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. GORE] in the bill: make. Do not be swept off your feet by has again expired. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions this coalition that has sworn to defeat Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield of this section, if the Secretary determines and to repudiate the House Committee myself 10 minutes. that the parity price for corn, wheat, milk, on Agriculture which has an enviable Mr. Chairman, I know the members of butterfat, and hogs are not in sucb. proper record in the Congress, and to repudiate relation as to permit the maintenance of this little part of the present Secretary the House Committee on Agriculture re­ desirable feed ratios, the levels at which such gret very much that the gentleman from commodit ies are to be supported may be ad­ of Agriculture's program and to con­ Tennessee [Mr. GORE] did not find it pos­ justed by not more than 10 percent on any tinue with a program that becomes more sible to attend at least one of the very such commodity to levels which the Secretary costly every day we operate it. I say to great many hearings which we have held. determines will re:fiect desirable feed ratios. you that this is a reasonable, sensible, Since the gentleman did not volunteer to sane, and sound proposition; and I com­ What is wrong with that? He can ad­ appear a8 a witness on behalf of agricul­ just it 10 percent and bring the price of mend it to the careful consideration of ture- this House in the earnest hope and be­ And since our committee now has the hogs down to about where it is now or lief that the Members are intensely in­ power of subpena, perhaps whenever we perhaps half a cent a pound above its terested in doing the right thing. have a hearing again we should subpena present level. · Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 11 the gentleman from Tennessee to come He makes another point; he says that minutes to the gentleman from New and give us the· benefit of some of his someone in the burley section sent him a Hampshire [Mr. COTTON]. great storehouse of information. telegram saying that they did not favor Mr. COTTON. Mr. Chairman, every­ Mr. GORE. Will the gentleman yield? the bill because it was going to put the one who has ever studied law recalls the Mr. COOLEY. No, I decline to yield. price of tobacco up. Now, that just is stock illustration used to show that alter­ I respectfully decliue to yield. not the situation; this bill puts tobacco native, inconsistent pleadings are per­ Now, the gentleman finds himself on fast about where it was in 1948. I know missible. It was alleged that a culprit the horns of a dilemma. He went out that the tobacco people in my section "did steal, take, and carry away one brass and embraced a monster of tremendous and in the district of the gentleman from. · Tennessee [Mr. GORE] do not" want to­ kettle to the value of 12 shillings." The proportions. You have heard that old defendant answered: (1) That he did not story about the man who had a bear by bacco prices brought down any lower steal the kettle, never saw it, and it never than those that prevailed in 1948. Can the tail. The gentleman from Tennes­ came into his passe8sion; (2) that he see has a bear by the tail, and because of you imagine a tobacco farmer facing the found the kettle; (3) that the kettle was the fact that he has collaborated so highest cost of production he ever faced given to him; (4) that he bought the much, he finds it impossible to turn loose in history sending a telegram to a Con­ gressman saying: "Pray God, don t put kettle; (5) that the kettle was iron, not the bear. Now, what is the bear? It is brass; (6) that it wasn't worth 12 shil­ the Aiken bill, which was handed to him, my prices up"? It is the most ridiculous lings. lock, stock, and. barrel, in this Republi­ proposition I ever heard of. The proponents of the Brannan plan can proposal to suspend that serpent The gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. and of its forerunner, the Pace bill, now above the heads of the farmers for an­ GORE] brought out another thing, the before us, must be familiar with that sys­ other long year. It looked for a while telegram from our beloved former col­ tem of pleading. league, Mr. Flannagan. I respect him that he was goiilg to run out on his new­ They claim: (1) That the Brannan made friends, but apparently he has not and love him, but unfortunately Mr. pian will give the farmer the same in­ indicated any intention to abandon the Flannagan did not attend a single soli­ come he ha.5 enjoyed during the last ten tary hearing by either the subcommittee baby which was placed in his arms. His boom years; (2) that it will give the con­ colleague the gentleman from Tennessee or the full committee. sumer low-cost food because the farm [Mr. SUTTON] stood here in a forthright I think that the gentleman from produce will be allowed to sell at the manner and expressed the hope that the Georgia [Mr. PACE] must have impressed price it will bring and the Government gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. -GORE] this House with his great sincerity when will pay the farmer the difference out of would accept his amendment, which he stood here and frankly told you that the Treasury; (3) ·that it will not break · would have the effect of killing or repeal­ when he came to Washington fresh from the Treasury because farm production ing the Aiken bill. But the gentleman Georgia in January that he introduced will be curtailed by crop control; (4) that from Tennessee [Mr. GORE], our beloved the proposition that is now being spon­ it will not enslave the farmer because agricultural expert from Tennessee, sored by the gentleman from Tennessee he will have a chance to vote in a free could not accept Mr. SUTTON'S amend­ [Mr. SUTTON] in the honest belief that election whether he wants his crop con­ ment. So the fight goes on, and we will it was the proper thing to do. He told trolled; (5) that he will vote to have it face that issue here, whether you prefer you that at that moment he did not know controlled because if he does not he will the proposal by the gentleman from Ten­ what the situation really was, but f 9r not be given any price support; (6) they nessee [Mr. SUTTON] to kill this snake, or six long months STEVE PACE, night and further claim that the Pace bill is merely Mr. GORE'S proposition to breathe a new day has studied this problem from a harmless "trial run" of the Brannan breath of life into it and keep it alive. bottom to top. Then in July he intro­ scheme to see how it will work. Now, let us look at this bill. If our duced this bill after the most extended Let us test these claims. good friend had spent as much time read­ hearings our Committee has ever con­ First, this bill is not a "trial run." It is ing the bill and the report and the hear­ ducted. Talk about holding something an entering wedge for the whole Brannan ings as he has in preparation to defend open to study. All during the Seventy­ plan. History has shown that farm price · an indefensible position, I think he might ninth Congress our Committee studied support is a one-way street. From the have made a greater contribution to the the subject at length. During the 50 percent to 75 percent of parity of the cause of agriculture. Notwithstanding Eightieth Congress we again studied the eariy thirties sUpPort has risen gradually the fact that we have announced that agricultural problem, and we took a bus to the 90 percent of World War II. The when the proper time arrives we will and blasted the trailways throughout all Steagall Act extended this for 2 years name the three commodities UPon which of America and went into every agri­ after the war as a cushion for the farmer the Secretary may conduct his experi­ cultural district of this great country. during the tapering off of prices. No one ment-and any good lawyer knows that We actually did not conclude those hear­ contemplated that the present 90 p2rcent the enumeration of some things is con- ings until-after the last general election, of parity would be continued permanently XCV--621 9860 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 20 in time of peace. Time has proven, how­ Now let us consider the farmer. The that they are unknowingly the tools of ever, that the farmer, even though he is Brannan scheme will make the farmer ·those who seek to seize and keep the reins by nature an independent and self­ forever the poor relation at the family of Government and to m~e tnat Gov­ reliant individual, is only human like the table of the Nation. He will be given lip ernment supreme over the rij!hts of men. rest of Us, and when he has become ac­ service and kind words but he will be Those who doubt this statem:2nt should customed to receiving a Government sub. i:eminded constantly that he is depend­ heed the words of former Secretary sidy he does not want it reduced. · So, ent upon public charity. His great Byrnes: when he was told before the last election worries have always been the vagaries of Too many people are trying to transfer that under the law soon to come into the weather, but he will find those worries power to Government. • • • Power once e:ff ect there might be a reduction of price · were bliss compared with the anxieties transferred to Government is difficult to re­ support, he responded with a thunder- that will beset him when he becomes de­ cover. Power intoxicates men. When a man ing "No:• · pendent upon the whims of the Appro­ ls intoxicated by alcohol he can· recover, but The Pace bill cannot be a mere trial priations Committees of Congress for his when intoxicated by power he seldom re­ run because it establishes a new and livelihood. covers. higher standard of price support. The Brannan scheme means Govern­ Those wllo are beguiled by the glitter­ Once the Brannan plan of production ment-administered farm prices and farm ing promises of this legislation should payments and guaranteed high income income, with absolute control of all land consider his further words: becomes effective under this bill for a few and production. We have heard much Beware of the Greeks bearing gifts. Be­ commodities, producers of other com­ in the past months about a "slave-labor ware of those who promise you something modities will insist upon sharing its ben­ law." Make no mistake. If the Brannan which does not belong to them and which efits, and it will be impossible to retreat. plan is ever enacted into law-and the can be given to you only at your own ex­ The Pace bill came into this House as Pace bill is the first steP--we will have a pense or the expense of another who may not permanent legislation, permitting the "slave-farmer law." The Secretary of produce to make the promise good. Secretary of Agriculture to put his Agriculture will become a complete czar, Those who do not appreciate the true scheme of production payments into ef­ in control of every acre of every farm significance of the decision before us fect on any three commodities that he in the Nation. Oh, yes, proponents claim should hear him further: might choose, subject to certain criteria. that the farmers will have the chance to We are going down the road to statism. it was generally understood that hogs vote on accepting marketing quotas and Where we will wind up, no one can tell, but would be one of these commodities. Sup­ that acreage allotments will be used if some of the new programs seriously pro­ port of hogs would be a multi-billion­ only as a last resort. That is so much posed should be adopted, there is danger that dollar program and would probably strike prattle. If the farmer does not vote for the individual-whether farmer, worker, a staggering blow to producers of b~ef control, he does not get any price sup­ manufacturer, lawyer, or doctor-will soon be cattle and other livestock, therefore, a port. Thus he has the privilege of vot­ an economic slave pulling an oar in the wave of opposition arose. Whereupon, ing whether he shall eat or starve. This is galley of the state. proponents of the bill agreed to limit its . like ·the "free elections" that were held Finally, those who believe that the effect to 2 years and limit its applica­ under Hitler. gadgets and supposed safeguards in this tion to potatoes, eggs, and wool. Let us · The Brannan scheme would place a bill protect our liberties, should heed the not deceive ourselves. If the bill were ceiling on opportunity in agriculture. recent words of General Eisenhower: limited to 3 months and affected only The farmer could never again sit on his I firmly believe that the army of persons onions and parsnips, the camel's head porch at sundown and look across his who urge greater and greater centralization would be in the. tent a.nd the Brannan meadows and plan what he would do with of authority and greater and greater depend­ plan would be the inevitable result. his own the coming day or month or year. ence upon the Federal Treasury are really . Let us apply our test, therefore, to the His pride of ownership and his sense of more dangerous to our form of government independence and security would be for­ than any external threat that can possibly Brannan scheme, of which the present be arrayed against us. bill is merely a forerunner. What will it ever lost. His standard of living would I realize that many of the people urging do for the consumer? What will it do no longer depepd upon his efficiency in such practice attempt t.o surround th~ir par­ for the farmer? What will it do to the producing because once again, as in the ticular proposal with fancied safeguards to taxpayer? days of Henry Wallace, he would be protect the future freedom of the individual. First let us consider the consumer. paid for not producing. My own conviction is that the very fact that When Mr. Brannan unveiled his No effort has been spared to sell this they feel the need to surround their propos­ scheme, it was to be a gre·at boon to the plan to ·the farmer. The long .arm of al with legal safeguards is in itself a cogent housewife and mearit low-cost food. He the Department of Agriculture has argument for the defeat of the proposal. talked about it, labor leaders talked reached out to every community and Th.ese are some of the reasons that I about it, and a flood of propaganda was farm in the Nation with its hand filled am opposed to. the Brannan plan and to loosed to woo Mr. John Q. Public with with pamphlets and propaganda. _ But its stepchild, the Pace bill. I have no this promise. Recently all this talk has the farmer is a wakening to his danger. quarrel with those who do not wish to suddenly hushed, and there has been a The Farm Bureau, the National Grange, let the Aiken law, so-called, take effect cavernous silence regarding this feature and other organizations are fighting des- the first of next year, because while I of the plan. Why? The Brannan perately against it. · subscribe to the fundamental intent of scheme cannot benefit the consumer for Now let us forget the consumer, the that law, which is to provide a flexible two reasons: First, because it must be farmer, or any other individual or group price support within certain limits suffi­ accompanied by crop control or break the and consider what the Brannan scheme cient to protect the farmer from disaster back of the taxpayer. Crop control means means to the Nation as a whole. The ·but not high enough to bring on the evils curtailed production of foodstuffs and implications of this measure, both polit­ of control and regimentation, I believe curtailed production means continued ical and economic, are more far reach­ that that law is defective in that it places high prices to the housewife. Second, ing than· any proposal Congress has con­ in the hands of the Secretary of Agri­ the consumer cannot benefit materially sidered since it voted to declare war. Its culture nearly, if not quite, as much unless a rigid system of price control is staggering cost to the. taxpayer and its power as he would have under the Bran­ added to price support. History has effect on the farmer or the consumer nan proposal. .shown that when the farmer gets little are of minor importance compared with I hope that the amendment to be of­ for his produce the retail price is still the new philosophy it presents. fered by the gentleman from Tennessee, comparatively high, and the difference Fundamentally, the Brannan plan is a continuing for the time being the law is absorbed by the processor and the scheme to form a political alliance be­ now in effect, will be adopted. Certainly middleman. tween labor and agricl'~ture to bring this is only a temporary expedient, but There it is, Mrs. Housewife. If you are about a socialist-labor government in so is the Pace bill as described by its ever to profit by the Brannan scheme, this country and to create a welfare state sponsors. The Committees on Agricul­ you must take the OPA back to your like the one which flowered so beauti­ ture of the Congress should have the bosom with it, and even if you do that fully and is withering so fast in England. time and opportunity to study thor­ you would still not profit much, because I do not question the sincerity of many oughly and prepare carefully a long­ under the plan food production mu.st be of its proponents, both within and with­ rang·e agricultural program. There are limited. out this Chamber, but I am convinced many constructive proposals yet to be 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9861 coqsidered, such as: A system of lnsur­ I would like to digress there to say Mr. POAGE. We cannot give the gen­ ande to which the farmer contributes for that I am omitting some 20 specific tleman any more time. We only have protection in times of failing prices; the grants of authority in the bill- 69 minutes remaining. encouragement of new industrial uses of 1f the Secretary determines that the total Mr. BARDEN. I am not going to get farm products; a two-price system to dis­ amount of production payments which would ugly about it, but I will say to you gentle­ pose of food surpluses abroad; and, a be made to the producers of the commodity men that you are going to give me more coupon system to make such surpluses is too small to justify the administrative cost information about the potato situation available to low-income groups in our of making such payments. than I have been able to get, otherwise own country. Mr. BARDEN. I thank the gentleman, you are not going to find me so friendly Let us not act in haste. We are not but I happen to represent a great potato­ to your bill. I tell you that now. in such desperate straits that we need to producing district. I happen to recall Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield sti:tle the producing capacity of Ameri­ for the last 3 years we have appeared be­ such time as he may desire to the gentle­ can agriculture by placing it in the vise fore officials of the Agriculture Depart­ man from Iowa [Mr. JENSEN]. of economic distatorship. I believe that ment and last year before the Secretary Mr. JENSEN. · Mr. Chairman, as most with time and determined effort we can of Agriculture begging the Department of my colleagues know, I have long con­ provide a plan for the American farmer and the Secretary to change the, type of tended that the proper way to effectively that is within the pattern of our Consti­ administration of the potato program. and permanently solve the agriculture tution. Yet they persisted each y~ar in doing a problems is to start from the soil. In Mr. POAGE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 4 perfectly foolish and asinine thing. order that such a program might be car­ minutes to the 'gentleman from North Then the Secretary and his assistants, ried out, I have introduced a soil-con­ Carolina [Mr. BARDEN]. Mr. Smith, Mr. Trigg, and Mr. Woolley, servation bill, H. R. 2368, which would Mr. BARDEN. Mr. Chairman, I am want to point to the potato program and take land out of production which is now not here to attack or support either one say how terrible it is. And on top of this producing surplus crops, and put that of the bills. I should like to have some the Secretary apparently wants to use land in soil-conserving crops, and thus questions answered. Is the gentleman it as a guinea pig. Certainly the potato balance production. I recently ex­ from Georgia [Mr. PACE] in the Hall? industry is opposed to it. The present plained my bill before the Subcommittee program would work 0. K. With the on Agriculture of which the distinguished Is there anyone else who would volunteer gentleman from Georgia [Mr. PACE] is to give expert answers to some questions? right kind of administration the Depart­ ment of Agriculture does not need more chairman. I am rather disturbed about some of power or law covering potatoes; they and Mr. PACE. Mr. Chairman, will the the features of this bill. I appeared be­ the potato farmers need a better admin­ gentleman yield? fore the subcommittee and I was inter­ istration of the present law. Mr. JENSEN. I yield to the gentle­ ested to know who it was that requested I see the gentleman from Georgia on man from Georgia. that potatoes be incorporated in this bill the :floor and hope I will have time to Mr. PACE. May I say to the gentle­ as an experiment. I do not find anyone go over these questions again. man that the subcommittee is giving requesting that potatoes be used as an Will the gentleman from Georgia an­ most sympathetic consideration ·to the experiment. I would like to know when swer this question? Who requested that gentleman's bill, which is very meritori­ the price of potatoes is to be fixed. I am potatoes be put in this bill? ous. serious, gentlemen. I would like some Mr. PACE. Who requested it in the Mr. JENSEN. I thank the gentleman. member of the committee to answer testimony before the committee? Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con­ these questions if yo.u can answer them. Mr. BARDEN. Yes. sent to read into the RECORD. my testi­ I would like to know if the price is to Mr. PACE. I do not think it was re­ mony before the committee. be arranged for an area or for a State or quested by the producers. The CHAIRMAN. ls there objection for the Nation? Mr. BARDEN. The gentleman recalls to the request of the gentleman from Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. our appearing before your committee? Iowa? Mr. PACE. Oh very clearly, and very There was no objection. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? The statement is as follows: Mr. BARDEN. Yes, if the gentleman pleasantly. Mr. PACE. We will now hear from our dis­ has the answer. Mr. BARDEN. The gentleman will re­ call the complaint we have had for 3 tinguished colleague, Hon. BEN F. JENSEN, of Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. The years as to why the potato situation has Iowa. price is to be fixed by the Secretary at gone bad? STATEMENT OF HON. BEN F. JENSEN, A REPRE­ somewhere between zero and 100 percent Mr. PACE. We hope to have a bill SENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF of parity, leaving it to the Secretary of ready next week. IOWA Agriculture. . Mr. BARDEN. But there is no word Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Chairman and members Mr. BARDEN. I would like to know of the subcommittee, I appreciate the oppor­ here that corrects the inequity and in­ tunity to appear before this committee and if the price is going to be fi.Xed for an justice that has been perpetrated on the be of any help I can in providing a few area or for a period, or for a particular potato people during the last 3 years? thoughts on what you and I consider the sale, because an individual farmer could Mr. PACE. We could not put it in this greatest problem facing our Nation today. very easily sell his potatoes on the open­ bill, but a bill will be before the House Needless to say, the whole welfare of our ing market for $2 per hundred and then next week or the week after that which economy, agricultural and industrial, weighs we hope will correct that. heavily · on the decisions this committee the price fall and if another farmer hap­ reaches in regard to effective farm legislation. pened to come in the off-area, or oft' time Mr. BARDEN. May I ask the gentle­ The Nation is sadly in need of a sound so to speak, he would get probably $1.50, man this question: In setting the price approach to the economic problems that yet the average would be $1.75, and if for potatoes, do you set it for the season, beset it today. Since directly or indirectly the support price was $1.70 the $1.50 for the year, for the quarter or for the approximately 70 percent of our labor is farmer would have no protection. month? employed in the production, processing, and Mr. PACE. Do you mean as to the distribution of farm products and the serv­ Mr. GORE. Mr. Chairman, will the ices incident to such activity, the destiny of gentleman yield? payments? Mr. BARDEN. That is right, as to our Nation's economy rests on the leadership Mr. BARDEN. I yield. and legislation you gentlemen and the other your support price. Members of Congress provide. Mr. GORE. I would not undertake to Mr. PACE. It will be set just as it is answer for any member of the commit­ It ts regretful that practically all of the now, I presume. help offered this committee by well-respected, tee, but I would like to read ne sentence Mr. BARDEN. You presume-I do not and rightfully so, national agricultural lead­ from the bill which would give the Secre­ want to presume on my potatoes. ers has been based on economic tangents and tary authority to remove all these little Mr. PACE. That is not changed in monstrosities irrelevant to the basic causes farmers from the supports that you are the bill. That is all I can say. of our agricultural problems. They deal speaking of. I will read from page 9, totally in trying to control effects. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Far too many of our agricultural legisla­ line 18: gentleman from North Carolina has ex­ tion proposers ignore or forget that there is Production payments need not be made pired. a bottom to the taxpayers' appropriations with respect to any commodity or any pro­ Mr. BARDEN. Mr. Chairman, may I barrel. We would never have any economic ducer thereof if the Secretary determines-- have some more time? · problems 1.! there were a limitless supply of 9862 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 20 dollars to cure·our economic maladjustments. of $20 per acre, the Government paying $10 We are appropriating hundreds of millions But we know that the Nation's Federal busi­ per acre or one-half the total cost. · Let me of dollars for this purpose every year. ness structure' is very similar to ~ our family's point out that a reduction of so large an One of the grelrt travesties on the agricul­ or mine. We .have to live within our income acreage of these three crops the first year tural scene today is that we do not know and cannot constantly overspend without would very largely, if not entirely, eliminate actually what the Nation's soil resources are, irreparable disastrous results. the possibility of surpluses occurring in the their condition, or what treatment a vast It seems obvious that if _our people aren't production of these crops. portion of our land needs to keep it pro­ tnterestetj. in using more cotton-the fact is In the sixth year, at an annual cost not tluctive. In many ways it's ironic for Con­ clear. If our. people.. are not interested in . to exceed $200,000,000 per year, 10 percent gress to legislate for agriculture when it eating more and more potatoes and consu~e of the present corn acreage, 25 percent Of' the knows actually so little about what our soil all the farmers wish and can produce-that present wheat acreage, and 40 percent .of the resources are. fact is also clear. The same is true in regard present cotton acreage could be retired to Except for the work of the Soil Conserva­ to certain grain crops. The Governme.nt does grass or trees which would undoubtedly elim- tion Service in the Nat ion's soil-conservation not have the right or obligation to force our . inate any further possibility of temporary districts, farmers h ave no way to obtain in­ people to utilize everything agric;ulture pro­ · surpluses occurring in the production of formation on the capability of their land for duces, or to force our people to pay through these crops. I should. like to insert ·in the . best u se and production on an acre-by-acre taxes sufficient money to make it profitable record a simple tabulation indicating what basis, to learn the condition of their own for our agriculture to continue the produc­ an annual Federal payment of $200,000,0 13 0 agricultural food. factory. In many places tion of certain unwanted crops. Our people could do under the terms of H. R. 2368. these factories are crumbling-saved tempo­ are int erested in more food; but they want it Mr. PACE. It may be inserted in the record rarily by tremendous uses of fertilizers-btJt in such items as more and better meat, milk, at this point in your statement . . nevertheless washing and bleeding away. In cheese, and other high standard of living (The statement above referred to is as other places tremendous use of fertilizers foods. They do n ot object to using a reason­ follows:) · · hides from the farmer's eyes what is actually able portion of their in come for food pur­ happening to his .1and. We need the com­ chases. But they dislike spending part of Acreage of grain and cropland that could be pletion of a Nation-wide land capability sur­ this income for the production of unwanted converted to grass or trees with a govern­ vey of our farms, ranches, and woodlands to commodities as they are now doing through mental payment of $200,000,000 per annum determine the, productive capacity of land as provided in H. R. 2368 taxation. conservation needs of each acre. This infor­ T'nat may sound like a peculiar statement mation should then · be furnished to each Mii!Jons since I represent a farm area. But I know Percent Cost · . Total cost · farmer and rancher, so that he could know that the people I represent want a truthful of a.cres of cost per acre what is happening to his food-producing fac­ answer to our farm problems. They want --- tory, and what his farm needs to keep its pro­ legislation that will work. and that will not First year ______20 50 $10 $200, 000, obo ductive capacity permanent. bankruptt our Government. After all, our Second year ___ _ 20 ' 20 4 I believe that if all farmers and ranchers 12 50 10 } 200. 000, cioo farmers have just as much stake in a sound, 'l'birdD o·-- yea-r- _~____--- of our Nation knew what was taking place on Do ______32 20 . 4 effective Government and economic system as 7. 2 50 10 } 200. 000, 000 - their land,. such as when they bypass mini­ Fourth year __ _ 39. 2 20 does the city dwelle1;. Do ______4 200, 000, 000 m um soil-conserving rotations, we would see Our farmers realize that their security is 4. 32 50 JO } one of the greatest chal).ges in land use imag­ FifthD yo ea__ r______~ ---- 43. 52 20 4 no stronger than their ability to produce the 3. 59 50 10 } 200, 000, 000 inable, and within a period of a couple. of Sixth year __ ~ -- types of 1·ood the consumer wants to btiy. Do ______46. 11 2.0 4 200, 000, oOo ye~r~. I am convinced that when .a farmer They have no securit y when their affairs and 1. 56 50 10 } really knows the truth about his land, he be­ product ion are manipulated by one or two .. comes one of ·the greatest champlons for people at the Washington level. Mr. JENSEN. Th ank you, Mr. Chairm an. It effective soil and, water conservation, whioh I h ave considered 'at length these farmer . shows that 47,670,000 acres of land .now in in itself would remove most of our present and consumer interests and problems in re- soil-depleting crops could be converted .to . agr.icu-ltural .problems. , gard to farm legislation. As· a result, I intro- soil-conserving crops; also, as I pointed out, · In.H. R. 2368 I have .·provided for an early duced H. R. 2a68 earlier this year. This legis- it would · eliminate this trend in a surplus · completiop. of a Nation-wJde survey of our lation is not a cure-alb-it is just a beginning. which · is bringing about a condition and a soil resources and for furnishing this infor­ It will start our Government on a construe- threat of acreage allotments.. · mation to every farmer and rancher. tive and nonbankruptcy path to helping The retirement of grain ·and row-crop acre­ Nor is this all this legislation provides. farmers bring their production in line with age under this provision of my bill is as­ ·There are provisions for a national laµd pol­ consumer food demands, and at the same sumed to .be at the rate of $20,per acre. That icy,- a conservation . timetable, and . special time will encourage more and more farmers is, an acre of cropland could be ret ired 110 measures _to help landowners add. su.fficient to conserve and make better use of their soil . trees for an average of considerably less than acreage to·their farm to complete a profitable resources. $20 .per acre. Similarly, an acre of cropland farm, and thus reduce much land overuse We should first recognize what took place . could be ret ired to grass, where no lime and , resultfng from une·conomic-sized units. This. on our land to produce our 1948 crops. Of t~ e fertilizer were needed: at somewhat less than . legi~lat_ion provides ~echnical assistance for nearly 351,000,000 acres harvested in 1948, ap- $20, but if the farmer n eeded lime · or fer­ soil- and water-conservation farming for all proximately 148,500,000 were used for inter- · tilizer -in order to encourage good grass pas­ . farmers arid r,1;1nch,ers of our Nation who .are tilled or row. crops, 129,QOQ,OOO !or close-grow- ture or range, it would take somewhat more not now located within a soil-conservation ing or small-grain crops, and 73,500,000 acres than $20 'J)er acre to obtain it, so an average dist~ict. T?~r~ are conservation payments, for meadow or hay crops, as part of a soil con- of $20 is assumed. ' part of which I described a few moments ago, serving and building rotation. Historically, reduction of crop acreage has . which ~ill provide for lasting soil conserva.­ A close analysis of 19.48 row crop and small not necessarily reduced production.- of the . ti-0n. Also, the legislation strengthens the grain production shows that at a very mini- crop except temporarily. That is, the recotd system of farmer control pf his agricultural mum approximately 43,500,000 acres which shows that the attempts in the thirties to. re­ affairs and fosters the organization of soil- were used for row crops and 28,500,000 acres - duce·the acreage of wheat; corn, ·and tobacco conservatien• districts. · . · for small grain should have been in meadow · did not reduce total production. There was No new agencies . are called for, but· the or hay crops for a minimum soil-conserving some reduction in cotton production as a re­ - Secretj'lry-of ·Agriculture is given the power rotation. (Estimates based. on study mate- sult of acreage allotments. The reason. for , to join more closely the ·work of 'the Soil rial used to compile testimony for Long little or no reduction in production throug~ Conservation Service, conservation programs Range Agricult ural Policy Hearings, House of crop acreage allot ments is that land is only . of the Production and Marketing Adminis­ Representatives, March 10, 1948). one of the resources ·of production at the tration, and the Extension Service for con­ It is very conservative to say that 1 out farmers' command. In earlier attempts-the certed action on problems which confront of every 4 acres in row crops or small grai~s fa,rm~r used more labor, fertilizer, and oth~r this committee today.· in 1948 should have been in a meadow reso'l;lrces; ori the land he had in crops ·and It is.ol;>vious that a. balanced agricultural or hay crop for a minimum soil-conserving thereby produced greater yields per acr.e. production that can demand a rightful share rotation. Likewise, we would not· have a My recommendations in H. R. 2368 would give of our national ·1ncome depends on proper serious maladjustment to agric~ltural pro- the farmer the opportunity of using the~e use of our soil resources. The sooner we duction today if our land were being properly extra resources, including his labor, .to pro- used. · duce grass or trees, enhance his production, help farmers to use their soil resources prop­ erly, as is done by all farmers who have It should be possible through payments, as and pi:oduce animals and animal products outlined under H. R. 2368, to reduce the corn for which there is· likely to be a greater effective soil- and water-conservation pro­ acreage 5 percent, the wheat acreage 13 demand than for the grain. grams, the sooner we can ease the economic pe~- problems that confront our people today ... cent, and the cotton acreage 20 percent 111 As an initial move to help farmers bring this country by Federal payments not to e~- their agricultural production and land use Now, Mr. Chairman, I hope I am not tak­ ceed $200,000,000 the first year. T:Qis could more in line· with consumer demands. Con­ ing _too much time .. be done on the basis of converting 20,0Q0,060 - gress should discontinue appropriating._ arty Mr. PACE. No, indeed. May I say here that acres of land tl;l.at had been, -for ' the ~previobls funds that foster soil destruction by support­ ls one of the most sensible statements I ever two or more years, in corn, wheat ~nq cotton 1ng oyeruse of ou.r soil resources for tpe pro­ . heard on _the point of. the conservation Qf to g ~ ass and wootj.land at the average ra~e duction of certain r,ow crops and small grain_s. - 1011. 1949 :coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-.HOUSE 9863 Mr. JENSEN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I leaders· the Aiken bill was sold lock, stock, been and ls now approximately seven times know you have always been very interested and barrel to the topmen of our farm the farm income. The postwar prosperity in the problem of soil conservation, as well organizations. which we have enjoyed since World War II as all other problems so important to our The blll came to the Agriculture ·com­ has held up mainly because we have had .a Nation, and I want to compliment this com­ . mittees of the House and the Senate very high farm income due to the fact that basic mittee now, each and everyone of you, for late in the last regular session of the farm commodities have been supported by sitting in these hearings so long, to learn Eightieth Congress. The House Agriculture our ·go-percent parity law. just exactly what is needed and what ,is · Committee· turned thumbs down cold on the . If you will remember, it was less than. 2 best for this Nation through a ·good agricul- 90-60-percent provisions. The bill came to years after the close of World War I that farm tural program. · the House ·with the fUll 90-percent provisions prices took such a terrific drop which brought I can't minimize the importance of the · in· the bill and was passed by the House in about a national depression in 1920. And job you have to do. • · that form. during the several years thereafter many I would just like to express my ideas rela­ The Senate Agriculture Committee also farmers lost their farms and a lot of business tive to the different types of programs that held hearings on the bill and inserted the houses closed their doors for the very simple have been proposed for agriculture. · 90-60-percent slide-down-scale provision. reason that the farmer's buying power was I would like just to read a letter which- I The bill was then taken to the floor of the almost nil. I remember that era only too have been sending out 'to my people who • Senate. at about 2 a. m. one morning during well, as I was at that time running a lumber have asked me how ·I stood on ' the Aiken the last week of the regular session of the yard in Exira, Iowa, dealing with farmers [' - bill; and I think I can give you a clear pic­ Eightieth Congress, where Senator. AIKEN, most exclusively. Certainly that horrible ex­ ture of what I think we should have in the from Vermont, chairman of the Senate Agri­ perience should be a lesson to all of us. It way of a.n agricultural program. - culture Committee, put the bill through the must not happen again. I am thoroughly I might say that the bill which you gen­ Senate with very little debate. convinced, after much study, that the 90-60- tlemen passed in-the' House in the Eightieth After which the Senate and House con­ percent slide-down support seale on basic Congress, original bill, the House bill, which ferees met in almost constant session for farm prices will bring about a repetition of a this committee brought to the floor of the S'everal days and nights to thresh out their like condition during the era which I have House and -which was passed, was, in my differences in the hill. The 90-60-percent just described. • opinion, as good a bill as can be written, as slide-down-scale provision inserted by the Doubtless you have heard the argument it could have been written at that time, for Senate versus the 90 percent House provision is necessary to reduce the·price on farm com­ agriculture; and I recommend today that was the main point of contention between modities to avoid ·great surpluses from piling when you write the bill which you will no the two Houses. These conferences between · up, which the Government would have to buy doubt bring out in this session of Congress, the House and Senate were held during the and ttore in greater quantities than would be that it will not be foo· far away from the very last few days of the regular session. The possible for the Government finances to provisions of the tiill. which this committee · House .Members held out for the full 90 per­ stand. That argument falls flat with those approved and which the House approved dur­ cent .of parity until about 4 a. m. on the who have .made a deep study of what causes ing the last session of the Eightieth Congress. morning of June 20, the very day Congress surpluses to pile up, which is, when the buy... Mr. PACE. Which is now title I? " adjourned. However, a compromis.e between. ing power of the people is not sufficient to Mr. JENSEN .. That is right. the Members of the two Houses was effected, purchase the goods they nee::l for the high If I may, Mr. Chairman, I would like to and the 90-percent support provision to re­ standard of living· we Americans want and read this letter.- It covers about a page in main in effect until January 1, 1950, after expect. The facts are that a greatly reduced the CONGRESSI0NAL RECORD--it is a little less which time the 90- 60-percent slide-down American standard of living will very surely than a page; but in so doing, you will note scale was to go into effect. Then the compro­ be brought about by a great reduction in that I am not only telling you folks here, this mise report was brought to the floor of the prices of farm commodities, since all wealth committee, what I think about the Aileen House about 3(' minutes thereafter. The bill springs from Mother Earth, and because as I bill and some other things in the agricultural was passed by the House ·and the Senate said before, the nationai" ~ncome each year is field, but you will also note that this is what within a very few minutes thereafter, and in approximately seven times the farm income; I tell the people who hire me to come down due time the bill was signed by the President. so, unless we maintain a high farm ·income and represent them in Congress, the people . , It is noteworthy that the very next day sufficient to generate a )+ig:p. na~ional inco~e. of the Seventh District of Iowa. The letter after the bill was passed pr.ices on niost all and thereby .assuring high consumption of all reads as ·follows: farm products began to drop and have been goods, Americans will be in serious trouble, on the decline since, and from that day on an.;! you can bank on that. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, · the unemployment rolls have mounted. Now Here is something else to think about. Who Washington, D. Januqry 31, 1949. c.; I am.thoroughly convinced that until we re­ in America would expec~ the good Lord to DEAR FRIEND: Regard~ng tl~e 90 to 60 per­ peal the 90-60-percent provision in the bill continue to bless us with such abundant cent slide-down scale for basic :t:arm crops, prices on· farm commodities will continue to crops as we have enjoyed the past 8 years? versus the 90-percent support prices now in slide down and unemployment rolls will con­ I am sure, you, like I, will agree that that effect on such commodities, in order that you tinue to mount proportionately. Not only would be too much , to expect of Him who will know just why I am· for the 90'-percent will grain prices tumble further but hog, runs nature's business. We are bound to support price, I will give you the background ca,ttle, and poultry prices will go right down have crop ~allures in some degree most. any of what brought about the 90 to 60 percent the toboggan with them. year now, and should it become our lot to provision which goes into effect january 1, Let us npt forget that farm prices were 66 suffer, say even a 25-percent crop reduction 1950, as provided in the Aiken bill. percent· of parity on an average in 1931-33, on an average f_or a period. of ·2. 3, or 4 years You know, of course, that the labor lead~rs and that during those times not only the all over America, beiow the average of the made a lot of noise about high cost of food farmer but the businessman, the laboring past 8 years; how, I ask in all sincerity, would long before the last Presidential campaign man, and everybody in America were in a we feed and clothe the ·American people the got under way. They knew, of course, that serious predicament. I need not remind you way they like to be fed and clad, let alone it would be popular with most members of of this, I am sure, for I know you are old help to feed the world, when now we are ex­ the trade-unions to do so, but they did not en?ugh to remember . it. There was on an p9rting only _about 3 percent of our farm tell their members that ·their food bill was average of 14,000,000 American people who production? costing them a less percentage Of their Wage were unable to find work during that era for You will also hear the argument that un­ dollars than it had during any peacetime the very simple reason that the farmer's buy­ less the·secretary of Agriculture is given the period of full employment in the history of ing power was almost nil. Now certainly that authority to reduce support prices as is pro­ our Nation. should be a lesson we dare not forget, regard­ vided in the 90-60-percent slide-down provi­ The New Deal Party has constantly less of our politics, faith, or vocation. sion, that surpluses will pile up to such a worked overtime in their great desire to Ever since my first year in Congress I have degree that acrea.ge· control will again 'be prove to labor that they were the champions cooperated very closely with common-sense necessary. That argument also falls fiat when of high wages and cheap food while out of - economic analysts and many Congressmen, we know that it .was cheap farm prices that the other corner of their mouth telling the most of whom are from farm States, in search . brought about acreage control in the AAA farmers they. were for a high price for his of facts and figures to guide us in the right bill of the early thirties. And the result of products. Hence the New Deal have received direction to avoid, if humanly possible, an­ that program was that the farmers so ferti­ a great majority's of labor's votes. However, lized and mined their allotted cash-crop-pro­ in the last campaign they felt it would be other depression, and possibly the complete destruction of our system of government and ducing acres, that they produced· more than necessary for them to further prove to labor ever, and were obliged to do so to meet their that they were still for cheaper food in order everything worth while in our blessed land. Here is what these many years of research bills. to hold the labor vote. So here is exactly The 90-percent support-price program on how they did it. has brought to light: For the past 20 years basic farm products, corn, wheat, tobacco, The labor leaders collaborated with high the records of the Department of Commerce, cotton, peanuts, and rice has not cost the officials of the Department of Agriculture in which are compil~d from the records of the American taxpayer one thin dime to date. It writing the so-called Aiken long-term agri­ Departments of Agriculture, Labor, and from has actually made a profit to the United culture bill. One of the provisions in the bill other accurate sources in Government rec­ States- Treasury, to say nothing about the was the 90-60-percent slide-down scale for - ordst show ·. that whether it be periods of great benefits to the farmers of America and basic farm-crop supports . . And between the peace, depression, war, or postwar prosperity to our whole economy, and for these reasons New Deal campaign strategists and the labor such as we now have, the national income has I certainly will not be a party to a program 9864 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 20 which I honestltf believe will be destructive crops. Well, of course, now when you only I am not asking this committee to appro­ to not only the prosperity of our Nation, but transfer 10 percent of an average farm, and priate too much more money in addition to .also to the peace and progress of our Nation that is about what it would be, to balance what we already appropriate for soil con­ and the world. your agricultural production-lo percent servation, and compliance payments. The You, no doubt, also have heard the argu­ converted from ~il depleting to soil conserv­ amount is up to the committee; but I do ment about the potato sit uation. I agree ing would certainly be a benefit not only to feel, gentlemen, that we have an opportuni­ that potatoes, which are perishable and can­ the .farm itself, but to the farmer who would ty, if we take hold of it, to stop all these silly not be stored for any definite period, should be building up ~is soil. He would be coop- plans, including the Brannan plan and the not be supported at the full 90 percent of .era.ting fully with the soil-conservation pro­ Aiken plan, and a lot of other silly, un­ parity. The facts are that the Potato Grow­ gram, which I think all of us want. He workable, un-American plans that have come ers Association of America suggested to Con­ would also be contributing to flood preven­ before this committee. gress that the support price on potatoes be tion, which is one of our big problems, for We can head them ·off, they are not nec­ materially reduced. And the provisions in you know what flood control costs this coun­ essary 1f we carry on a good, common-sense the Aiken bill directs tho Secretary -0f Agri­ tory. Flood prevention is carried 011 in soil soil conservation and balanced-agriculture culture to do so. Hence, that argument conservation. That is flood prevention be­ program for the American farmer rut I have made by the sliding-down-scale advocates cause you hold rain where it falls and keep outlined. also falls fiat. the mud and muck and trash out of our Mr. HoEVEN. Mr. Chairman, I know there If our national income is drastically re­ streams. are other witnesses to be heard this morn­ duced the American market, which is the Mr. ALBERT. I think your proposal deserves ing and so I shall not ask any questions at only stable and good market of the world a lot of· consideration by this committee. this time. I simply want to complime:pt my today, will lose its buying power, and when Mr. JENSEN. Thank you. My blll provides colleague for the great interest he has al­ that time comes we will neither be able to that we pay 50 percent the first year, and ways shown in the welfare of agriculture pay our own way nor help foreign nations then in order to induce them to keep that and the conservation of soil. with loans or free dollars with which to buy land in grass or woodland, we pay them one­ our goods or other nations' goods, or to ward fifth of the first cost, or $4 of the first year's Mr. POAGE: Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 off communistic aggression any place in the cost, for the next 5 years. minutes to the gentleman from Arkansas world, America included. It is truly and fully a soil-conservation [Mr. GATHINGS]. Recor::ls of the past 20 years also prove program in effect, but while we are doing Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Chairman, it is that for each do~lar of gross farm income, that, we are also taking out o! production my purpose at this time to convey my labor (which includes all kinds, blue denim, those crops that are ln surplus production. feeling by reciting to you the ex.cellent white collar, and professional) receives an If the program which I recommend is put i•: come of over $4, so the laboring people into effect there wm be very little need, if service rendered American agriculture have a mighty big stake in keeping the any need, for acreage allotments, cir for a by the distinguished gentleman from farmer's income on a high level, the source reduced parity support price on farm crops, Georgia [Mr. PACE]. of all wealth. Regarding the businessman's so it serves a threefold purpose. When the gentleman from Georgia interest in this proposition, I am sure I need The t~ings facing us today are the problem came to this House he was assigned to not explain to them the need of keeping a of conserving our soil and the problem of the importa.nt Committee on Military high farm income for they know that ls the keeping the farmer prosperous, for he must Affairs. He served on that committee for only thing which will insure good profitable be kept prosperous in order to keep the Na­ trade for them. tion prosperous, as I am sure every one of some 2 or 3 years, after which time the A ~2,000,000 , 000 annual Federal tax take you will agree. Democratic majority of the Committee from the American people means that each The whole thing is that we do need a on Ways and Means saw fit to place him American family pays on an average of over leveling out of our agricultural production. on the great Committee on Agriculture. $1,000 per year in direct and indirect Federal We produce too much of one thing and not Since that time he has rendered to his taxes. Add to this around $300 which each enough of another. I don't 'like this acreage district, his State, and the Nation most family is paying per year in local, county, allotment thing and the farmers don't like meritorious service. He is courageous, and State taxes, it makes a total outlay in it. They don't like to be told how they can taxes per year for each family .·of ·Over $1,300. run their farms. They would like to do it able, painstaking, and thorough in his This being a fact, we must surely do two voluntarily and they can do it I feel certain work. tl.ings, keep our national income at the under my bill H. R. 2368, if we wm make the I would like to pay tribute to a great highest possible figure and stop wasting the 90-percent parity supports permanent. legislator and a great American, STEVE taxpayers' dollars. I have given this a lot of thought. I have PACE, who has worked so diligently to I hope this will PXplain my reason for op­ worked on this problem constantly during bring before this body this bill which posing any law which will reduce farm in­ my services in Congress. I am now in the bears his name. This really is not the come. eleventh year, and I know you folks, many of Brannan bill, even though I have received Sincerely yours, you. have done likewise. I have talked this BEN F. JENSEN. innumerable wires from Arkansas, and matter over with many members of this com­ from my district particularly, asking me Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I would like to mittee, with Mr. PACE, with Mr. HOPE, with know what the gentleman's response was Mr. POAGE, Mr. ANDRESEN, Mr. HOEVEN, and to vote against the Pace-Brannan bill. from the people who received that letter. most of the members who have been here That is inspired mail. If they just knew Mr. JENSEN. I may say I never had any­ during the past 11 ~essions. what was in this Pace proposal they thing but complimentary responses. Those Gentleman, I am sincere about this thing would not have wired me as they have. who were for the .90-60-percent slide-down­ and I want you to know it, and I think my If title I of the Agricultural Act of scale provision either did not write me or testimony proves there is no politics in it 1948 is continued the whole suppart price said, "Thank you for your explanation; it with me. Anyone who plays politics With program is threatened and there is grave makes sense." this proposition is playing politics with a danger of its failing. That is because Now, gentlemen, I have taken too much of thing that is the most important to the progress, the peace, and the prosperity of of the tremendous cost. the committee's time. I have been asked time and time again Mr. ALBERT. I would like to ask the gen­ America, and I might say the whole world. tleman a question. I was very much inter­ Mr. PACE. Thank you very much. You about the cost of the Pace bill in com­ ested in your discussion of your proposed have given us a. very excellent statement. parison to the present program contained bill, H. R. 2368, I believe. There are prob­ Mr. GRANGER wishes to ask a question. in title L I;..et us compare, just for a lems that worry me quite a little in regard Mr. GRANGER. I appreciate the statement moment, what would happen if the Pace to it and I would like to have your comment of the gentleman. I think he has given bill does not go into etlect and title I is on the matter of soil conservation crops. emphasis to soil conservation, as he indi- continued for another year. What would First, would we run into the danger of many . cated in his statement, and he played down be the situation? Under title I the Sec­ farmers having to go out of cash crops so acreage control and price support. I be­ that they would not have enough such crops lieve if we. spent $1,000,000,000 in son conser­ retary of Agriculture can only do one to make a living for their families? vation for the next 25 years, it would cost us thing on perishables and that is buy and Mr. JENSEN. No, because the acreage re­ less in the long run than what it will cost buy and buy and stack the commodities duction would be small for each farmer. But us for price support, and for fl.ood control, up in great surplus q:.iantities where they as you know it is that 5- to 10-percent sur­ which will become more expensive every would be destroyed and not put into plus which depresses farm prices. year. I certainly agree with you. We need channels of trade and not converted to Mr. ALBERT. And would the 50 percent from a formula however to put in effect your rec­ such admirable uses as the bot-lunch the Government be inducement enough for ommendations. program in our public schools. There them to do the job? Mr. JENSEN. I think we could spend $1,- is no doubt in my mind, not the least Mr. JENSEN. In answer to your first ques­ 000,000,000 here and be justified, if we had tion, my bill is not mandatory. 1f anyone the money to spend, but I brought it down doubt in the world, but that under the does not want toge~ in the program that is to a very sensible and proper figure, com­ provisions of the Pace bill the cost would thef~ own business. However, you say Y.OU mensurate with what I think we can spend be greatly 1·educed. It would be approxi­ wo~ ier if they would have sumcient cash under present conditions. mately half, perhaps. Let me read the 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9865 language which was referr'ed to by my perishables upon which production pay­ port price will bring about a decrease in friend from Georgia on page 7: ments would be authorized. production. But the farmers of Utah In carrying out the provisions of this seo­ . If the Pace bill is not enacted we would and of the whole Nation know better t ion, compliance by the producer with acre­ be right back here next year where we than that. They know their ag;ricultural age allotments, production goals, and market­ are today. The Committee on Agricul­ history, and they know that some of the ing practices as prescribed by the Secretary ture has worked tirelessly on this legis­ biggest crops in the last two decades were m ay be required as a condition of elfgibility lation. Every phase of the problem has also accompanied by the lowest prices. for price support. been studied. I hope that the committee Time and again falling prices have Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, will ·the bill will be agreed to. caused production increases. The basic gentleman yield? Mr. POAGE. Mr. Chairman, I Yield philosophy of titleJI runs contrary to the Mr. GATHINGS. I yield to the dis­ io minutes to the gentleman from Utah economic facts of life. tinguished ranking minority member and [Mr. GRANGER]. But this is only part of the picture. former chairman of the Agriculture Com­ Mr. GRANGER. Mr. Chairman, one The legislation enacted by the Eightieth mittee. of the peculiarities of this world is that Congress assures support only for com­ Mr. HOPE. If the gentleman thinks it does not stand still, but is constantly modities accounting for about one-fourth that this will save so much money, why changing. If our legislative programs of gross farm income. It assures sup­ does the gentleman want to limit it to are to be effective, they must meet the port on only one perishable, potatoes. It three commodities. We have many other changing times. They must be realistic. even prohibits the Commodity Credit perishable commodities so why not turn The face of agriculture has been Corporation from supporting other per­ loose and support all commodities? altered since 1910 to 1914-by new ma­ ishables. Mr. .GATHINGS. That is what the chines, new crop varieties, new methods That is the kind of program with which Aiken law would do and I am bitterly op­ of farm management, increased produc­ the Nation is now supposed to defend posed to it. I think the Aiken law should tivity, and an increased dependence on agriculture and the entire economy be repealed. I say to the gentleman that other than local markets. Because of against the danger of a collapse of farm we want to have this trial run and want the tremendous changes that have taken prices. Does it seem realistic or ade­ to do it on these three commodities for a place it uoesn't make sense to support quate? limited time. The provision of the levels today on parity-price relationship Now let us take a look at H. R. 5345. amendment which has been agreed to by that existed 35 to 40 years ago. And so The first objective of this bill is to the majority of the Committee on Agri­ it seems clear to me that we have to make place a floor under farm purchasing culture limits it to three commodities for the change contemplated in H. R. 5345 power that will prevent it from falling a limited period of 2 years. We should to bring support-price relationships up below the point of danger to the whole try it out. Let me ask this question of to date. economy. the gentleman: Under title I there is no In a complex economy in which all In 1950 this income floor would be a earmarking, there is no mandate. The parts affect all other parts, there must goal of slightly more than twenty-six bil­ Congress is not speaking to the Secre- · be a point below which it is not in the lions-about 15 percent less than last tary of Agriculture as to just what he can public interest to let farm income fall. year's dollar income-and about equal to do specifically. Title I does not limit pro­ That point, as envisioned by the Agri­ the purchasing power that agriculture duction of a given commodity. It was cultural Act of 1949, would be, for the had in 1942. written at a time of scarcities and not a year 1950, a level of cash return which Let us point out, however, that this is time of overproduction. would give farmers as much purchasing not, as many farm-program opponents Mr. HOPE. If the gentleman is so power as they had on the average from have said, a proposal to guarantee farm confident as to what will be saved, I would 1939 to 1948, inclusive. Thereafter, the income. It simply sets up a logical farm­ think he would want to have the trial base period would move forward, always income objective as a starting point. . run apply to all commodities, instead consisting of the first 10 years out of the Instead of restricting support to pota­ of limiting it simply to three. I got the past 12. Such a base period has the ad­ toes and a few storable commodities that impression from what the gentleman said vantage of offering a reasonably current bring in about one-fourth of total farm that he was so sure that we would save relationship. It is therefore much more gross income, H. R. 5345 makes full sup­ money. realistic than the old parity base. port mandatory for aorn, cotton, wheat, Mr. GATIDNGS. I am. Since the beginning of the national tobacco, rice, peanuts, hogs, milk, but­ Mr. HOPE. As I was saying, the gen­ farm legislation of the depression years terfat, and shorn wool. These commodi­ . tleman seems to be so sure that we would we have had many statements of farm ties account for a much larger propor­ save money on this production-payment income objectives in farm bills. But, un­ tion of gross farm income. program. til now no one has .proposed legislation Which of the two measures is more Mr. GATHINGS. Absolutely. that would really be effective in main­ likely to protect farm buying power? Mr. HOPE. I am unable to under­ tafning farm income as high as it ought And which of the two programs is more stand why the "trial run" · should be to be for the good oI our whole national likely to further abundant production limited to three commodities. Why not economy. and consumption of farm products? try it on all of the perishable commodi- Last year farm prices averaged well The purchase method of support of ties? · above parity-which might lead one to perishables gives the consumer no price Mr. GATHINGS. ·Let us try it out on conclude that · farmers were well off in advantage when we have surpluses and · three commodities as contained in the comparison with nonfarm people. But therefore no incentive for greater con­ bill. We can come back later and ex­ when we check the actual income of per­ sumption of commodities in surplus. pand it after it has been tried. sons on farms, we find that their per c;:ap­ Loans and purchases work well for stor­ - Mr. BARDEN. Mr. Chairman, will ita income totaled only $909 as against able crops. But for perishables we need the gentleman yield? $1 ,569 for nonfarm people. a different method. Mr. GATHINGS. I yield to the gentle­ Let us put side by side-the bill we are Under H. R. 5345, prices of three or man from North Carolina. now considering and the Agricultural Act fewer perishables could be supported by Mr. BARDEN. The gentleman keeps of 1948-and see which would best serve the Secretary of Agriculture through mentioning perishables and these three all of the people. Let us examine them production payments. Market prices of commodities. When did wool get to be to see which gives more promise of pre­ these commodities would be permitted to classified as a pedshable commodity? serving farm purchasing power-of en­ fall to whatever level they would reach couraging abundant production ·and con­ l;lnder the normal operations of supply Mr. GATHINGS. I want to tell the sumption-of protecting our basic land gentleman that shorn wool, was placed and demand. Payments would be made resources. directly to farmers to compensate for the in this bill, as the only exception, be­ Title II of the Agricultural Act of 1948 difference between the actual average cause the Secretary of Agriculture came would make price. support available at market price of these perishables and the before the committee and asked that levels ranging from 90 percent down to support level. Thus consumers would wool be in.eluded, that wool be named as 60 percent of parity, depending upon the J;iave the benefit of temporary surpluses one of the commodities he would like to supply of the particular commodity. in the form of lower prices. Not only is make a trial run on. So our committee The philosophy behind this legislation, ~his approach more realistic, it gives the placed wool in the paragraph along with in other words, is that lowering the sup- taxpayer far more for his money. 9866 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 20 Moreover, support through the pro­ it is not. That is the difficulty we have this problem 'not to do injury to anyone, duction-payment method would make it here today. It is a diftlcult thing because not to make a political football out of possible to encourage larger production whenever you advocate something new farm legislation. I deny anything of the of some of the foods that cvnsumers par­ it takes 10 times as much argument and kind. But he has worked all of us to a ticularly need and want. persuasion to get a new idea over as it "frazzle." Day and night he has worked, Finally, let me say a word about con­ does to chase down every objection. and might I add-he is an intelligent servation. Despite the remarkable prog­ That is the diftlculty we are having in worker. He has been most critical of ress that has been made in conservation explaining this bill. I am sure that if everybody who came before the commit­ there is still much to be done before the this committee understood what the bill tee. He has not taken Mr. Brannan at Nation's future food supply may be con­ is, we would have no difficulty: his word, or anybody else; they have all sidered safeguarded, and agricultural As I say, that old formula never suited had to show him. Any suggestion that raw materials for industrial uses assured. the West. It never did suit the wool he or the committee is fuzzy in their It takes good farm income to build and people. It was never favorably looked thinking does not exalt themselves in preserve soil resources. Though Gov­ upon by the stockmen. We have been my estimation. He has convinced him­ ernment assists farmers in conservation, trying to change it for the last 10 years, self that this was the program that would the biggest part of the burden inevitably because it was not a fair parity formula bein the interest of the American farmer, falls upon the tillers of · the soil. They for those commodities I have named, and and I agree with that. If this bill is not cannot give their land the care and at­ many others. . passed, if we do not have this bill that tention it needs, unless their returns Now, what does this formula do? I we are considering today, I renew my from the land are adequate. Under title want my friends from the West to pay prediction that you will have· nothing IT of the Agricultural Act of 1948, farm­ attention to this, and Members generally, other than what you have today. The ers have no assurance of realistic income We have complained bitterly that this Aiken bill will come into existence, and I protection. They have a much more old formula did not have any of the ele­ believe there is not one of us represent­ convincing assurance under H. R. 5345. ments of labor in it. I have heard peo­ ing farming areas who wants that. So In the present situation no farm price ple condemn it because it did not have I plead with my seuthern colleagues. support program is acceptable that does that feature in it. What do.es this new This primarily is their baby, we have in not provide adequate and realistic pro­ formula do? It simply brings the thing it cotton, tobacco, rice, peanuts-these I tection for farm purchasing power-the up to date. The formula is just as sim­ have always been willing to support, and means to encourage abundant produc­ ple to understand as the old one. It I shall fight on the :floor if any attempt tion ·and consumption of the food and says, in effect, "Mr. Farmer, you are is made on the part of anybody to take fiber needed for its national health and going to have your fair share of the any one of those commodities out of this strength-and finally, effective conser­ national income." The farmer can un­ bill. Each is important in the economy vation of our basic land resources. derstand that just as well as he can of the country, and I think they should On every one of these points, H. R. understand 90 percent of parity. be kept in as they are today. There may 5345 is far more adequate and more real­ Whether he understands it or not is ·be those who wish to add other com­ istic-than the farm legislation passed beside the 'point. What he is interested modities and perhaps some should be so hurriedly a year ago. in is getting the price for his com­ added, I do not know, but as far as I am Mr. Chairman, in this debate today I modities. concerned I am opposed to any amend­ am not angry with anyone.. I simply This new formula we are talking about ment to this bill no matter for what want to emphasize again some of the changes the emphasis from price and purpose it is offered. Whether it be the points I have already discussed, and to p.uts it on farm income, not 40 years Gore bill, the Sutton amendment, or any­ state that so far as the West is concerned ago, but today, making the relationship thing else, I am opoposed to it. As far the support program has been more the­ what it should be as compared between as I am concerned, win, lose, or draw, I oretical than real. As a matter of fact, farm income and income for labor and am going to go down swinging and fight­ they have been almost entirely confined industry. ing for the bill that this committee has to other sections of the country. I want Now, it is generally thought that dur­ considered, a committee whose work has to give you the reason why I think this ing these times farmers are prosperous. been done intelligently, for this is a bill bill should be passed and what I think The facts are today that he is not getting which we can go before the country and is the most essential part in it, as far as anywhere near what he should get. Do the farmers and defend. I am concerned and as far as western you know what his actual farm income The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Members of Congress are concerned. It is? Nine hundred dollars. What is the gentleman from Utah has expired. has been said, Why change something average income of all workers in the Mr. POAGE. Mr. Chairman, I yieid 5 that everybody understands? I would Nation? Fifteen hundred dollars. That minutes to the gentleman from Minne­ like to ask any Member of Congress who is the diff ereµce. sota [Mr. MARSHALL]. has been here for a number of years Why are we here as farmers con­ Mr. MARSHALL. Mr. Chairman, I talking about parity and 90 percent of demning a new formula that will put the am a farmer. - I have had the opportu­ parity to give me a definition of what farmer on a parity with other segments nity of working on these agricultural parity is. The stock answer of it is that in society? And this ·bm win do it-it programs; I have seen how some of these it is a formula adopted back in 1909- changes the formula, and it includes programs have worked, and I. _think. I 14. That was supposed to be the time labor. They talk about labor-hired know something about them. t also when the earning capacity of the farmer labor is included as it should be-it in­ think I know something about how my and his dollar was about equal to the cludes all hired labor. That is some­ neighbors feel. I would also like to say dollar he paid for the things he had to thing to think about. That is something that I am a member of the Farm Bureau, buy. Everybody understands it about we have compl&ined about all through and I know that there are a lot of Farm that far. The farmers do not know any the years, and that is one reason, if for Bureau members in my State who are in more about it· than that. Nineteen hun­ no other, that I think every one of us favor of the program which has been dred and nine was 40 years ago, Auto­ ought to be for this bill, in order to estab­ proposed by Secretary Brannan. I know mobiles were then just coming into use. lish a formula that will be fair to the some ·of these people are going to be dis­ Tractors and power equipment were not farmer and to the consumer as well. appointed if the program Mr. Brann.an known on the farms at all. We had not Now, about the whole bill. As I said, has propased is not put into effect. The had any experience with fertilizers. In we are trying to convince people who program would be stronger, in my - opinion, if more of the proposals he has the cattle industry, the longhorn Texas have their minds closed, and it is a diffi­ steer was just going out of existence. made were put into effect; nevertheless, What happened since then? Great cult thing to get anybody to rationalize I am going to support the Pace bill be­ amounts of money have been expended over anything new, and this is a new cause I think it is one of the soundest to improve both the production of crops thing. It is diftlcult to understand, but pieces of legislation that we have con­ and the production of livestock. It has I want to say to you, and say it most sidered in connection with agriculture. been revolutionary. We do not do any­ humbly in the presence of my colleague Mr. Chairman, sometimes we are a lit­ thing now as we did then. Who is to the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. PACE], tle inclined to overlook a few plain, simple stand up here today to say that that re­ that I have riot agreed with him on every­ .facts. We talk about 16 years of expe­ lationship is in balance at all? We claim thing. but we have been wrestling with rience with the agricultural program. 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9867" My farmer· neighbors and myself under­ Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 8 crop seed, range grass seed, alfalfa seed, stood that when the war started we had a minutes to the gentleman from Minne­ grain sorghums, oats, barley, rye and the job in connection with the production of sota [Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN]. so-called naval stores which are the· res­ food. In order to produce this food, in­ Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. inous products-tar, pitch and turpen­ centive payments were given to the farm­ Chairman, in the consideration of H. R. tine. With regard to these other com­ ers to get necessary food production. 5345, known as the Pace bill, there comes modities, the. Secretary of Agriculture The farmers responded magnificently. to my mind two basic questions which I is allowed considerable leeway in estab- From the experience of World War I think should be answered by the pro­ lishing support levels. · some farmers expressed themselves as ponents of this legislation. Then there are the so-called section 32 being reluctant, so the Government said: These questions are: First, just what funds-which require that 30 percent of We will see that these price supports are is so wrong with our present farm pro­ the gross receipts from customs duties extended for 2 years after the war to give gram-and by the present farm program each calendar year shall be set aside and protection to · those who expanded their I mean the farm program in eff ect in given to the Secretary of Agriculture to production. this year 1949-that it should be con­ encourage the exportation or domestic My farmer neighbors and myself re­ sidered necessary at this time to enter consumption or utilization of American sponded and we produced more food, in into a new field which may prove to be agricultural commodities; especially those spite of an acute shortage of help and a dangerous to our agricultural and na­ injured, price-wise, by imported competi­ shortage of machinery, a shortage of tional economy in the future? My sec­ tive agricultural commodities. This pro­ everything, than was ever produced be­ ond question is: Suppose that Congress gr~m is especially important to our great fore. We feel that the Government has does go along with Mr. Brannan's idee,s perishable fruit and vegetable industry. lived up to its obligation. as to production payments-which today Important too, is another support pro­ We are convinced, however, that we the consuming element of our population gram-the school lunch. are coming into a different period now, will of course welcome-and suppose that · In addition to all of these, we have a period in which the world is not going the Congress is requested to pass an ap­ given the Federal Government broad au­ to require all the agricultural production propriation of anywhere from $2,500,- thority to set up marketing agreements that we have had ·in the past. Perhaps 000,000 to $8,000,000,000-then will the and other programs with the direct in­ the country will not require it. We are same consuming element of our popula­ tention of influencing or maintaining concerned about the consumption of our tion give like rnpport to that appropria­ prices. Milk, tree fruits, ttee nuts, and agricultural products. We want the tion as they are today giving to the Bran­ vegetables are the commodities most af­ products of our farms and factories con­ nan plan,- feeling that cheap food is in the fected by this program. sumed. We know that unless we can get offering? And lastly we have the sugar program consumption of those products we can­ Let me reiterate: Just what is wrong, conducted under the Sugar Act. This is not produce fully on our farms. My basically speaking, with our present a ~ubsidy program which allows sugar­ farmer neighbors and myself want to 1949 price-support program? . Just why beet producers about $2 a ton. We have produce to the utmost, we .' want to cannot correcting amendments be made heard gentlemen make statements on the market our products, we want to put our to iron out difficulties in· that-program? floor of the House today, which I know products into the hands of people who Why discard it now? they cannot back up, as to the cost of consume them. That is why we are fa­ Mr. Chairman, a year ago last Jan­ our present farm price support program. vorable to the proposition made by the uary-along with the g·entleman from They do not quote figures, but to hear gentleman from Georgia [Mr. PAcEL Wisconsin [Mr. MURRAY] and the gentle­ them speak, our price supports have cost I know that when our food goes into man from Iowa [Mr. TALLEJ, I introduced the taxpayers of America enormous sums. the market place that food must be con­ legislation which provided for the re­ Let us look at the record. sumed. Let me tell you the situation enactment of the current farm price sup­ During the hearings before our sub­ with which. we are confronted, so far as port program. I was also one of the few committee on appropriations for agri­ eggs are concerned. We take eggs into who stated on the floor of the House last culture this past spring, the question was the market and are repeatedly told-at June that I could not vote for the Aiken asked by the gentleman from Oklahoma least I have been told when I have taken bill as it promised less than 90 percent [Mr. STIGLER]: eggs up to the market-by our local support. It was pleasing to hear the gen­ With reference to your statement regarding merchant, "We do not know what the tleman from Georgia [Mr. Cox], make the receipts received from the Commodity Government is going to do in regard to the statement, under the rule, that his Credit Corporation, for the record, I would the purchase of eggs.'' The ·people who position coincides exactly with what I like to know whether or not it is operated deal in eggs in this country in the past have proposed in H. R. 5279-introduced at a profit all the time since it was created few years have not dared deal in eggs the during this session. My bill simply re­ by an act of Congress. way they used to. They fear lack of enacts today's program and discards the See page 92, part I, Hearings on the stability in purchase programs. This Aiken provisions. Let me remind the Department of Agriculture bill for ,1950. affects the market. There have been House that we have today the following Mr. Roberts, budget officer of the De­ many times when the support price that types of price supports: We have one type partment of Agriculture, replied: has been set on fa'fm products has not of price supports for the so-called basic Mr. STIGLER, on the regular Commodity been the minimum price but has been commodities-corn, wheat, cotton, to­ Credit Corporation loan and purchase-pro­ the maximum price. bacco, rice and peanuts. They are being grams, for which CCC was originally created, Let us put free enterprise back into supported now. The level is at 60 per­ they have operated at a profit over the years. the agricultural program. It is purely cent of parity in the case of dark-air­ You will remember, however, that during and simply that. Anyone who has dealt cured tobacco and 92 % percent of parity the war years, the Commodity Credit Cor­ poration was called upon to pay out funds in perishable commodities of any sort in the case of cotton; the others at 90 in connection with what might be referred has been rather reluctant. My good percent of parity. to as consumer subsidy programs. Those friend the gentleman from Wisconsin, Then there are the so-called Steagall payments were not made for the benefit. of Mr. REID MURRAY, speaks of cheese, Act commodities-named after the late farmers, they were paid primarily for the I might cite an example in connection Henry Steagall, author of the act: hogs, benefit of the consuming public and hnd the with cheese. I have stopped at a num­ chicke;ns (more than 3 % pounds live effect of keeping the retail prices to the con­ sumer stabHized. On those programs, there ber of cheese factories and they tell me weight), eggs, milk and milk products, were net loss of $2,104,000,000. On the reg­ they do not dare to properly age their potatoes, turkeys, edible dry beans and ular CCC programs, over the life of the Cor­ cheese to make it as palatable as they peas of certain varieties, soybeans and poration, there has been a net surplus of would like to have made it. Why? Be­ flaxseed for oil, American Egyptian cot­ 205.5 million dollars. cause they did not feel that they could ton and sweet potatoes. Here again the Mr. Roberts also testified that to re­ depend on the Government to step in support level is generally 90 percent of store the impairment of the capital stock and purchase through a purchasing parity. of the Commodity Credit Corporation, agreement everything that they needed Then there are the so-called other the Congress provided for the cancella­ to support the price of their product. commodities. That is a broad term. tion of CCC notes held by the Treasury The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Wool is the main one but last winter this to the extent of $1,563,000,000 during gentleman from Minnesota has expired. program covered dried fruit, winter cover the fiscal year 1947. That represented 9868 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 20 16sses of $921,000,0QO for the i5 months it is, could we appropriate the money­ Maybe our newspaper friend had mar­ ending June 30, 1945, and $642,000,000 in the face of a possible $4,000,000,000 keting quotas in mind when he said the for the year ending June 30, 1946, prin­ deficit. The farmer would hold the sack. Secretary could cut a farmer's crop in cipally on the special wartime subsidy Public r'eaction would be so strong against half. If 'so; he is wrong there, -also, be­ programs which were not a part of the such an appropriation, in my opinion, cause marketing quotas are voted by two­ regular price-support operations of the that the Congress would have to turn its thirds of the farmers themselves. Commodity Credit Corporation. back on the· farmers and refuse to give It should be pointed out that the so­ In view of this statement of the budget the money necessary to keep production called production-payment plan in the officer of the Department of Agricul­ payments in effect. The Brannan plan Brannan bill is especially designed to ap­ ture, certainly no fair-minded· man or would then collapse of its own weight, ply to the perishable crops. Mr. Bran­ woman will charge against the price sup­ along with agricultural prices. Mr. nan has stated repeatedly that he has no port programs the bulk of the subsidies Chairman, I hope to see the present intention of disturbing the tilne-hon­ of $2,104,000,000 required to be paid out price-support program reenacted for an ored method of handling price supports by the CCC to help give the consu:ners indefinite period of years. Remember, in the so-called basic crops of cotton, cheap foods through the war period. the Congress, in its wisdom, can at any corn, wheat, and so forth. Under the The total cost of what we term price­ time amend that act. Secondly, I hope present law price supports are provided suppcrt operations is scarcely · one-half to see the Aiken provisions-titles 2 and through Government loans on these stor­ billion dollars over a 10-year period, in 3 of the 1948 Agricultural Act-repealed. able commodities. But so far as the per­ my opinion, Mr. Chairman. The aver­ As has been said on the floor here ishable crops are concerned, the Brannan age for each of these 10 years would not today, if there are any friends of the bill is the best proposal that has ever been be $50,000,000 per year. This is peanuts Aiken section of that act, they are not put before Congress, consistent with at compared to what may be required under very evident in their defense of its slid­ Iea5t some freed om of action on the part the Brannan plan. So, Mr. Chairman, ing-scale provisions which I personally of the individual farmer, and it deserves I again ask the question, just what is always opposed. Why not repeal it en­ a fair trial. all the fuss and furore about today-why tirely and keep i.n effect 'the present The production-payment plan surely do away with our present price-support price-support law which the Congress, at cannot fail to be an improvement over program which, in my opinion, h·as any time, amend and improve. We as the Irish potato program· of the past 2 worked well for over 10 years and cei·­ farmers, and I am one of them, have years, which Mr. Brannan had no ·part tainly should not be discarded for a prospered under our present price-sup­ in bringing about, except that his De­ purely political, vote-getting device, such port program. Just because Secretary partment was not superhuman enough as is embodied in the Pace bill-the trial Brannan, a lawyer by education, advo­ to foresee the heavy increase in the per balloon of the Brannan plan. cates a program carries no weight with acre yield of Irish potatoes and the dou­ Now let us come to the second basic me particularly. He may be right, but I bling of rows of potatoes with increasing question, which I asked when I first ob­ believe he is wrong. the acreage. tained the floor, no one knows how Mr. POAGE. Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. Brannan has asked for a trial run much it will cost to put Mr. Brannan's 10 minutes to the gentleman from Ne- for his production-payment plan, on -a program into effect-to subsidize the braska [Mr. O'SULLIVAN]. · few commodities. Let us give· it to him consumer-and have the gen(!ral tax­ Mr. O'SULLIVAN. Mr. Chairman, the and see what happens. It certainly is payers of the Nation pay part of his Pace bill has been and will be fully pre­ better than doing nothing and bankrupt­ grocery bill. We do know that this sub­ sented to you. I feel that I should in ing the farmers and the Nation for sure, sidy will be charged up to agriculture the time allotted to me discuss with you as we did in 1932. and will always be thrown up to us in now some of the recent big criticisms of The only alternative is to fix by law that light. I have asked you~suppose the Brannan plan, and endeavor to ex­ minimum prices and ptoduction controls we do adopt Mr. Brannan's plan-where plain what the Brannan plan really is, on the perishable crops. This would not and how are we going to get the money as I view it. cost the taxpayers -anything, in the way to keep faith with the farmers of the At the outset, ln order to keep the rec­ of production payments, but certainly -Nation after we have made them de"'. ord straight, the people of the Second would be dictatorial, although no more pendent for part of their income on a Nebraska Congressional District have dictatorial than a traffic light at an in­ check from the Treasury of the United voted in favor of the Brannan plan 5 to tersection, which, in eifect, says to the States? 1 to date, which is contrary to what my motorist: "Since you get protection My voting record in Congress shows colleague the gentleman from Nebraska througp me, you. must comply with my that I for one am exercised about the [Mr. MILLER] claimed earlier today. mandates." threat of our stupendous national debt. In a newspaper article which appeared However, since the American farmer I have voted against the reduction of in the Washington Star on Sunday, July is apparently not willing, at least at this taxes in times of prosperity. Most peo­ 10 last, a writer by the name of Gould time, to accept such rigid controls, let us ple who know anything about the sub­ Lincoln made this statement: give the Brannan plan a fair trial. ject will estimate that the fiscal year The Brannan b111 gives the Secretary ot The Omaha World-Herald, on June 23, which ends June 30, 1950, will show our Agriculture dictatorial powers over the last, stated: "Brannan's ag plan is a Treasury in the red to the extent of at farmers. monstrosity," etc. · least $4,000,000,000, and remember that Secretary Brannan could, 1f he believed it It is an old truism that the persons is without the money needed to put into necessary, cut a. farmer's crop in two. Quite who know the least about a subject gen­ effect the provisions of the· Pace ·bill­ a power to place. in anyone's hands. erally · argue the most vociferously much less the provisions of the entire Frankly, I do not believe I can recall against it, and in the instant case that Brannan plan. How will the people of a piece of legislation about which there certainly is exceedingly true. America react next spring to the Secre­ has been so much incorrect information This is what I have to say about the tary's request for funds out of the Treas­ circulated as there has been about the so­ Brannan farm program, and in so do­ ury to make good the amounts necessary called Brannan plan. In the first place, ing I shall not go into the matter of the to cover whatever three commodities under the production payment provision mechanics of the different formulae upon which he decides to exp(!riment. of the Brannan bill, the Secretary of Ag­ under which the farmers shall receive ·Will my good friend the gentleman riculture cannot force a farmer to do any­ payments but will consider the general from Illinois [Mr. SABATH] then sup­ thing. Let us get that straight. The Sec­ theory of same only. pcrt an appropriation for what­ retary cannot force a farmer to do any­ In theory, to my mind the Brannan ever amount is required to ke.ep thing; · Of course, if a farmer did not plan is a proper and a correct program faith with farmers of the Nation­ comply with the Secretary's production to those who study it rightly. under the provisions of the law which goal, that farmer would not receive the My way of visualizing the Brannan Congress would e.nact if it fallowed Mr. so-called production payment which farm program may be a little out of the Brannan's theory. Would you ladies would be received by farmers who did ordinary, as most things that I do are, and gentlemen representing consumers comply. but I believe everyone who can or will districts support such an appropriation? Now is there anything dictatorial about listen to or read what I am about to say The question is not so much-would, as that? about it can also not only understand it, 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9869 but can carry it with them, and be able to place where the Brannan plan would put . better business mind than that I would relate it to others, and if need be con­ labor, and industry would pass a part of quit assuming an erect posture and would trovert the claims of extreme right­ the farmers' purchasing power which it drop down on all fours and like the pen­ winged, bad, big business and others. had received to labor and labor could sive old King Nebuchadnezzar, in his pen­ Just sit down in your room and look thus enjoy steady employment at high itential mood, eat grass like an ox. up at the upper right-hand corner of wages and this would give labor purchas­ Now, right on the floor of the room in the wall which you face. That is the ing power also to buy the products of in­ which you are sitting, that floor may be place which agriculture occupies or dustry and agriculture. It is to be seen , used to illustrate another great group in should occupy-not up in the air, like readily that a part of this purchasing the economic life of our country recog­ it is now, but in a highly preferred posi­ power given to the farmer would go to nized under the Brannan plan, and that tion in our country's economy. Agricul­ industry and a part of what industry re­ is th~ consumer. You and I and every ture should be placed and maintained in ceived would go to labor and not one but other person belong to that consumer a most favorable position. Our national three large groups, the farmers, industry, group. Under the Brannan plan, with economy is geared to agriculture and and labor, would enjoy the benefits of the agriculture, industry, and labor stabi­ not to anything else. When agricul­ money guaranteed to the farmer under liz~d. the prices of food products could ture prospers, the whole country pros­ the Brannan plan. These three groups seek their own proper level without in pers, and when agriculture has a de­ I believe compose the majority of the any way harming either agriculture, in­ pression, the whole country has a de­ people of the United States. Every mill­ dustry, or labor. Prices could and would pression. run, fair-minded, thinking farmer, re­ come down, and everyone would welcome So, for the sake of the economy of the gardless of his political faith, should see that sort of a happening. country the farmer must be provided and knows this. Every mill-run, fair­ Heretofore the only way that the price with good, adequate, steady. income for minded, thinking laborer, regardless of of food or other commoaities could be his efforts. He must be given not spo­ his political faith, sees and knows this. reduced was by either cutting down the radic, but a steady flow of purchasing However, smart American extreme right- price of agricultural commodities or the power, so that he may not only buy the . winged big business cannot seem to see _wages of labor. In the. three..-horse necessities of life but also the comforts and understand the advantages and the . hitch, agriculture, industry, and labor, and conveniences of life, even the bet­ benefits which both little and big indus­ never once has the profits of industry ter things of life, and in fact all of the try could have without the asking, with­ been reduced in order to reduce prices. things which make farm life livable and out any effort on their part, from the Poor agriculture was most generally the preferable. In this way the farmers will Brannan plan. I think sometimes ex­ victim and sometimes labor was also. stay on tlie farms instead of rushing to treme right-winged, bad big business Do you not see that the Brannan plan the cities, particularly during depression really wants to keep the farmers and the provides the decent way to reduce prices pe1'iods, and creating an irresponsible . laborers divided and enslaved and keep by giving the farmer the so-called sub­ and gullible large labor pool to the detri­ the farmers rightful profits ft.owing into sidy, and that has never been done or ment of city workers, and to the extreme · their ignoble one-way pockets. thought out before, and bad big business delight and satisfaction of the enemies Extreme right-winged big business just . is sorely sick, I guess, because the Repub­ and enslavers of organized labor. Thus­ closes its wild eyes, ft.ails the air with lican leadership did not think of it first. ly you succeed in getting city labor stabi­ both fists, and kicks with both feet, and In the past, extreme right-winged lized to a degree by avoiding a glut of voids in both ways, and squalls like a big business has never played fair to manpower in employment areas away spoiled child, · and shed~ copious te~rs, either agriculture or labor, or to small from the farms. and hysterically cries out in a 7-pronged business, or to the country generally. Most farm homes are not up to date voice, it's communism, it's socialism, it's It has always endeavored to amass huge in comparison with city homes. If farm­ statism, it's paternalism, it's against our profits at the expense of agriculture and ers had the purchasing power they, I am free-enterprise system, it's bad, it's a labor au.d small business, and its prime sure, would bring their homes up to the monstrosity, and it enslaves and regi­ purpose other than making inordinate .standards of city homes, and purchase ments the farmer when that is just what profits has been to create chaos and ruin all the necessary conveniences and make extreme right-winged, · bad big business in agriculture and in labor and in small the improvements necessary in the home has done and has trie·d to do since the business. It has falsely tried to wear and farm site which would make the memory of man runneth not to the con­ the diadem of a creator of all things farms more enjoyable and livable. This trary. It is afraid to say which one of good, and it has never created anything would tend to keep the young folks on the seven the Brannan plan is, because at all but ultimate ruin for others. the farms and away from the cities, and then most any fool could reduce the con­ Agriculture and labor and small business remove the drudgery arid hard work and tention to an absurdity. Mass produc­ have now and have always been the real hard living from the lives of farm wives tion has thus been brought before the creators-the real builders of this Na­ and farm women. American people in the form of the most tion. Extreme right-winged big busi­ Now fix your gaze at a point midway senseless, silliest diatribe ever indulged ness in America has just been an ill­ between the upper right-hand corner of in heretofore and big business screeches mannered, selfish, bawling, whimpering, the room where we have placed the farm­ and. wails and sets up a senseless patri­ thoroughly spoiled, overgrown boy, and er, and the upper left-hand corner of otic fuss and nonsense through the false it is high time for it to wake up, and the room. Under the Brannan plan I leaders of the Republican Party, and a grow· up, and assume a manly mien and think that is where industry would be, few apostate Democrats and hopes to manly decency also. I am sure that it which is not just up in the air,. but on win the day. Bad big business is un­ will do just that, because it has seen the contrary in a preferred place in our mindful of the truism, When reason is come.into being nationally a Four Club, economy. If the farmer has the pur­ lost, the cause is also lost, and all things Eight Club, Sixteen Club, and Twenty chasing power he will be the greatest human and divine are also lost. Club, and there will be a Twenty-four market for the products of industry. It whines and wails for new markets Club, too; and if 20 years of the rule of The farms would be an almost virgin but it. does not want them at home. It the people has not convinced this recal­ sales field for industry. The purchasing has an ocean-going mind. It wants to citrant and erring group that they have power given to the farmer would make sell its manufactured articles to ECA. pursued the wrong course, then their the wheels of industry spin for a long It wants to feed starving Europe and the cause is hopeless. rest of the gaunt and hungry world As a member of the House Committee time. A large share of the money of the on Agriculture, I say that the majority farmer would pass to the left to industry abroad, with washing machines, wring­ of that Committee on Agriculture has and make it prosperous too and give it ers, electric irons, hair curlers, wash tubs, presented to the Congress the Pace bill, also purchasing and particularly employ­ farm machinery, monkey wrenches, and which repeals the Aiken law. This legis­ ment power. all of the hundreds of other articles which lation contemplates putting into effect J Now move your gaze to the upper left­ it manufactures. When the people are right now a better farm program; and hand corner of the room. That is the crying for bread in those most desolate in order to work out the mechanics, or place which labor would occupy-not up lands, its advanced designing mind wants formulate a correct procedure for the in the air, as it is now, but also in a highly to give them ironmongery instead of the Brannan plan to follow when it is enacted preferred position. I feel that this is the biblica~ stones. If I did not have any ultimately into law, there will be a trial 9870 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 20 run made on the three farm commodi­ HOUR OF MEETING TOMORROW ability and some of the material which ties-wool, eggs, and potatoes-and after Mr. COOL.EY. Mr. Speaker, I . ask might enable tis to preserve our national that trial run has been had on these unanimous consent that when the House existence in such a conflict. three items, we will all know whether adjourns today it adjourn to meet at 10 Nor would there appear to be any ne-­ the splendid theory of the Brannan plan o'clock tomorrow morning. cessity for turning over to Britain the can be worked out in practice, the ap­ The SPEAKER. Without objection, it secrets which enable us to make the proximate cost of same; and if it is is so ordered. atomic bomb. Indications are that there demonstrated that it is workable and not There was no objection. are still enough Judy Coplons and Alger too expensive, the road-block type of Hisses in the State Department· and in Republicanism will pass into the political MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE the present administration to make sure discard forever, and I fear that the great A message from the Senate, by Mr. that Britain, and Russia, for that mat­ Republican Party will be dragged by McBride, one of its clerks, announced ter, will obtain all the secret information these road blockers to its death also, a that the Senate had adopted the follow­ they desire to enable them to match our thing which I would regret greatly, be­ ing resolution: war power. cause this Republic contemplates two Resolved, That the Senate has heard with Therefore the security of our own strong political parties which have the profound sorrow of t:P,e death of the Honor­ country should be our first thought. welfare of all of the people of the Re­ able Frank Murphy, late an Associate Justice public at heart, and not the financial of the Supreme Court of the United States. ALL ON THE PAYROLL, NONE LEFT · welfare of a favored, Un-American few. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate TO TAX these resolutions to the House of Represent­ Mr. The Pace bill will do away with Gov­ atives and the Supreme Court and transmit HAND. Mr. Speaker, the Gov­ ernment purchases on the open market a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. ernment needlessly continues on its in order to keep the prices of farm prod­ ResolVed, That as a further mark of respect course of reckless extravagance, and ucts up, which in the past has proved to to the memory of the deceased, the Senate nowhere is this more evident than in be very bad, as ·our experiences in the do now take a recess until 12 o'clock meridian the ever-increasing Federal payrolls. purchasing of potatoes where $408,000,- tomorrow. An official report advises us that in the 000 has been spent, and for eggs where DO WE TRUST IN THE LORD?-WE DO month of April 1949 civilian employees over $128,000,000 has been spent, and NOT TRUST OURSELVES in the executive branch of the Federal for wool where about $80,000,000 has Government increased at the rate of been spent. Still we do not know how Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. more than 350 a day. When we consider much more will have to be spent on these Speaker, because we did not trust our­ that the average Federal pay is approxi­ programs and yet our opposition wildly selves nor our ability to def end ourselves, mately $3,000 a year, this means that cries out, "What will the Brannan plan and listened to· world-renowned states­ we have increased our payroll at the cost? Tell us, pleas~?" men, we gave to Britain and others, in­ approximate rate of a million dollars a Of course, in the making of purchases, cluding Russia, dollars, munitions of war, day. the Government, like every other proper supplies of all kinds, depleting our na­ The increase in the Federal payrolls buyer who desires to hold these products tional resources and finally sacrificed to goes on its merry way 4 years after the for a while, buys the best. This leaves the Old World the lives and welfare of war is over. the inferior or lower grades of potatoes hundreds of thousands of our young In the executive branch of the Federal and eggs for the consuming public, and women and our young men. Government in April 1949 there were will also, if followed out, in the future All because we swallowed the sophistry employed 2,122, 710 persons, an increase · bankrupt the Nation and· lead to the that our first line of defense was to the incidentally, over the preceding month eventual destruction of the whole parity east of the Atlantic Ocean; that we were of 11,453. system for agriculture. Who wants to dependent for our national existence The Department of the Army, which throw agriculture to the extreme right upon , what other nations did, just as already has so many civilian employees · wingers in that fashion? I am sure I though there was any nation in the world that they are practically packed together do not. which would not take advantage of us if shoulder to shoulder, added 3,560 more. The Brannan plan would eliminate the the opportunity offered. The Post,Office Department continues middlemen who farm the farmers. Now we have the atomic bomb and our to add new thousands every month. The right wingers have captured the bombers, which, our own experts are Veterans' Administration, which re- . national offices of every farm organiza­ telling us, are so powerful that any enemy cently made a . great to-do about effi­ tion but the Farmers' Union. They have nation, any country, could be destroyed ciency and was promising, as I recall it, captured the national offices of the Meat in a few short hours. that they were going to reduce employ­ Producers' Association and defiantly are So what is now proposed by Mr. Tru­ ment by 8,000, showed a new increase in using these organizations against the man and the State Department? That employees in the .month of April. best interests of the farmer members we give the secret of the making of these Mr. Speaker, a recent tabulation shows of all of these organizations. Do not let atomic bombs and a store of the bombs that during the last 20 years the upward them fool you by their present attitude themselves to Britain-Britain, which, trend in Federal costs is as follows: toward the Brannan plan. during and ever since World War I has Bureaus, departments and civilian em­ The Pace bill and the Brannan plan been safeguarding her own interests, no ployees have grown four times. · · would pay a farmer for producing and matter what the efiect on us; which has Federal Government costs have risen throw aside all of the old wrong theories been privately trading with Russta and 10 times. about paying agriculture to destroy with every other nation where she could The average family share of Federal growing crops and livestock or pay strike a deal, even though her actions debt has risen more than 12 times. farmers for their idleness or for keep­ were detrimental to our national welfare. Since it is entirely useless to expect the ing their lands unplanted. It would seem that, if we cannot trust heads of the executive departments to The Pace bill is a good bill for agri­ ourselves to safeguard the secrets which do anything whatever about this, I again culture and the unselfish of the Nation, enable us to make and stock pile the respectfully suggest that the Appropria­ and should be enacted into law. atomic bomb, there is no reason why we tions Committees take drastic steps look­ Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I move should trust Britain. ing toward the orderly .reduction of this that the Committee do now rise. If we have reached that stage where horde of Federal employees. If the trend The motion was agreed to. we no longer trust ourselves and are so is not checked, everybody will be work­ Accordingly the Committee rose; and foolish that we give to others the secret ing for the Federal Government and the Speaker having resumed the chair, of our national defense, we have indeed there will be no private enterprise left to Mr. KEOGH, Chairman of the Committee become the world's most foolish people. tax-and just think how uncomfortable of the Whole House on the State of the The President, the State Department the Administration would be if it found Union, reported tb,at that Committee, and the Senate propose to commit us to nobody left to tax! having had under consideration the bill fight in any war which may be started by to, national parks, monuments, and recrea­ tion areas, and for other purposes; with an drilling. They pay for drilling by selling the House, pursuant to its previous order, amendment (Rept. No. 1084 ) ; Referred to crude oil. adjourned until tomorrow, Thursday, t he Committ ee of the Wh ole House on the Certain visionaries have suggested we · July 21, 1949, at 10 o'clock a. m. State of the Union. shut down our oil producing properties Mr. LESINSKI: Committ ee on Education at home, use foreign oil, and then have an EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. and Labor. H. R. 3829. A bill to provide as­ emergency reserve. The idea is f alla­ Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive sistance to certain local school agencies over:. cious. Development would stop. Prop­ communications were taken from the burden ed wit h war-incurred enrollments erties would fall into disrepair. They where such agencies received similar assist­ Speaker's table and referred as follows: ance during any prior fiscal year; with an would not be ready when needed. The 778. A letter from the Administrator, amendment (Rept. No. 1085). Referred to theory is too preposterous to warrant the Housing and Home Finance Agency, trans­ the Commit tee of the Whole House en the attention of any reasonable-minded per­ mitting the Second Annual Report of the State of the Union. son. Housing and Home Finance Agency coveririg Real conservation does not mean with­ the housing activities of the Federal Govern­ holding from use. The domestic oil in­ ment for the calendar year 1948; to the Com­ REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE dustry and the governments of oil-pro­ mittee on Banking and Curren cy. BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 779. A letter from the Secretary of Agri­ Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports ducing States learned years ago the value culture, transmitting a draft of legislat ion of conservation in the production of pe­ entitled "To give effect to the Internat ional of committees were delivered to the Clerk troleum. By full use of our reserves, Wheat Agreement signed by the United for printing and reference to the proper not by hoarding them, the industry is en­ States and other countries relating to the calendar, as follows: couraged to explore for new reserves. st abilization of supplies and prices in the Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judici­ Last year we found twice the amount of international wheat market"; to the Com­ ary. S. 111. An act for the relief of Mrs. oil consumed. Today our discovered re­ mittee on Banking and Currency. Pearl Shizuko Okada Pape; without amend­ serves are the highest in history. 780. A letter from the Secretary of Com­ ment (Rept. No. 1076). Referred to the merce, transmitting a draft of legislation · Committee of the Whole House. Mr. Speaker, the trade agreement con­ entitled "To authorize the construction and cessions heretofore granted on crude pe­ Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judici-:­ equipment of a research laboratory bu ilding ary. S. 317. An act for the relief of Mar­ troleum and petroleum products should for the National Bureau of Standards, De­ gita Kotler; without amendment (Rept. No. be withdrawn. There should be estab­ partment of Commerce"; to the Committee 1077). Referred to the Committee of the lished a quantitative restr~ction on the on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Whole House. importation of crude petroleum and 781. A letter from the Archivist of the Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judici­ petroleum products limiting the imports United States, transmitting records proposed ary. S. 905. An act for the relief of John of such commodities to not more than for disposal and lists or schedules, or part s Sewen; without amendment (Rept. No. the amount needed to supplement do­ of lists or schedules, covering records pro­ 1078). Referred to the Committee of the posed for disposal by certain Government Whole House. mestic production. agencies; to the Committee on House Mr. CHELF: Committee on the Judiciary. Unless we are able to get the agencies Administration. · H. R. 2921. A bill for the relief of Nicholas of Government, including the State De­ 782. A letter from the Director, Central c: Kalcoutsakis; without amendment (Rept. partment, the Tariff Commission, and Intelligence Agency, transmitting a report No. 1079). Referred ito the Committee of other agencies who have authority to do including the name of each claimant, a state­ the Whole House. so, to deal with this problem and protect ment of the amount claimed and the amount Mr. FELLOWS: Committee on the Judici­ one of the greatest industries of the coun­ awarded, and a brief description of the claims ary. H. R. 4040. A bill for the relief of try, it will in my opinion, be necessary to against the Central Intelligence Agency un­ Agnes Tarjani; with amendment (Rept. No. der the provisions of Public Law 601, Seventy­ 1080). Referred to the Committee of the call upon this Congress to enact legis­ ninth Congress, during the fiscal year 1949; Whole House. lation to protect an industry that is pres­ to the Committee on the Judiciary. ently sustaining a loss of business PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS ~ amounting to more than $1,000,000 every REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public day. • BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Mr. Speaker, I am introducing a bill bills and resolutions were introduced and that will restrict the importation of crude Under clause 2 of rule ·xm, reports of severally referred as follows: petroleum and petroleum products, limit­ committees were delivered to the Clerk By Mr. ALLEN . of California: ing such imports to not more thari the for printing and reference to the proper H. R. 5689. A bill to provide for the return calendar, as follows: to the State of California of certain original amount required to supplement domestic documents and maps, known as the Span­ production of these products. Unless af­ Mr. McMILLAN of South Carolina: Com­ mittee on the District of Columbia. House ish-Mexican land-grant papers, deposited · in firmative action is taken administra­ Joint Resolution 302. Joint resolution to the National Archives; to the Committee on tively, I shall press for action on this amend the act of June 30, 1949, which in­ Post Office and Civil Service. proposed legislation. creased the compenoation of certain employ­ By Mr. BENNET!' of Florida: H. R. 5690. A bill to prevent manufacturers SENATE ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED ees .of the District of Columbia, so as to clarify the provisions relating to retired po­ and wholesalers of products from offering The SPEAKER announced his signa­ licemen and firemen; without amendment for sale and selling the same at retail in ture to enrolled bills of the Senate of the (Rept. No. 1081). Referred to the commit­ certain cases, and for other purposes; to the tee of the Whole House on the State of the Committee on Iµterstate and Foreign Com­ following titles: Union. merce. S. 255. An act to amend section 205 of the Mr. SPENCE: Committee on Banking and H. R. 5691. A bill to prevent manufacturers Interstate Commerce Act, relating to joint Currency. S. 803. An act to provide for the and wholesalers of products from offering boards; conveyance of a tract of land in Prince for sale and selling the same at retail in S. 937. An act to authorize the Secretary Georg~s County, Md., to the State of Mary­ certain cases, and for other purposes; to the of the Treasury to effect the payment of cer­ land for use as a site for a National Guard Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- tain claims against the United States; armory and for training the National Guard merce. • S. 1279. An act ~o amend the Federal Air­ or for othtµ" military purposes; without By Mr. BRAMBLETT: port Act so as to provide that minimum rates amendment (Rept. No. 1082). Referred to H. R. 5692. A bill to provide for the re­ of wages need be specified only in contracts the Committee of the Whole House on the turn to the State of California of certain in excess of $2,000; State of the Union. original documents and maps, known as the S. 1280. An act to amend the Federal Air­ Mr. SPENCE: Committee on Banking and Spanish-Mexican land-grant papers, depo.si­ port Act so as to limit to 10 percent any in­ Currency. H. R. 1161. A bill to provide for ted in the National Archives; to the com­ crease of the amount stated as a maximum the conversion of national banking associa­ mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. obligation under a grant agreement; and tions into and their merger or consolidation By Mr.-MULTER: S. 1639. An act to amend section 1452, re­ with State banks, and for other purposes; H. R. 5693. A bill to repeal the manufac­ vised statutes, relating to Presidential action without amendment (Rept. 1083). Referred turers' excise tax on photographic apparatus; on the proceedings and decisions of Navy to the Committee of the Whole House on the to the Committee on Ways and Means. retiring boards. State of the Union. By Mr. MURPHY: ADjouRNMENT Mr. BECKWORTH: Committee on Inter­ H. R. 5694. A bill to dmend the Publlo atate and Foreign Commerce.. S. 1283. An Health Service Act to authorize care of graves Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I move that act to authorize the Secretary of the Inte- of deceased patients buried at the expense of the House do now adjourn. ~~~ t~-~~~-e, c~~str~ct, op~ate, and main- the PUblic Health Service, and for other 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9873 purposes; to t h e Committee on Interstate By Mr. DOYLE: COMMITTEE EMPLOYEES and Foreign Commerce. H. R. 5705. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Inez COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE By Mr. POULSON: B. C9pp and George T. Copp; to the Com­ H. R . 5695. A bill to provide for the ret urn mittee on the J u diciary. JULY 8, 1949. to the State of California of certain original By Mr. JONES of North Carolina: To the CLERK OF TH~ HOUSE: documents and maps, known as the Spanish­ H . R . 5706. A bill for the relief of Sidney F. The above-mentioned committee or sub­ Mexican land-grant papers, deposited in t he Crof t ; to the Committee on the Judiciary. committee, pursuant to section 134 (b) of National Archives; to the Committee on Post By Mr. KLEIN: the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, OtH.ce and Civil Service. . H . R. 5707. A bill for the relief of Stefano Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap­ By Mr. PATMAN: P ecoraro; to t he Committee on the Judiciary. proved· August 2, 1946, as amended, submits H . R. 5696. A bill to provide specific meas­ By Mr. LANE: . the followin_g report showing the name, pro­ ures in furth erance of the national policy of H . R. 5708. A bill for the relief of Demet­ fession, and total salary of each person em­ maximum employment, production, and pur­ rious Konstantno Papanicolaou; to the Com­ ployed by it during the 6-month period from chasing power, as established in the Employ­ mittee on the Judiciary. January 1, 1949, to June 30, 1949, inclusive, ment Act of 1946; to the Committ ee on Ways By Mr. McGRATH: together with total funds authorized or ap­ and Means. H. R. 5709. A bill for the relief of Patrick propriated and expended by it: By Mr. BARING: Cronin; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 5697. A bill to amend the Stock Pile H . R . 5710. A bill for the relief of the estate Act of 1946, Public Law 520, Seventy-ninth of Victor Jacobowitz; to the Committee on T otal gross Congress, chapter 590, second session; to the the Judiciary. salary Committee on Armed Services. By Mr. O'BRIEN of Michigan: N ame of employee Profession d uring H . R. 5698. A bill to provide relief for the H . R. 5711. A bill to extend the patent of 6-month sheep-raising industry by making special Frank Sipos, of Detroit, Mich., being patent period quota immigration visas available to certain No. 2,047,295 for a period of 17 years; to the alien sheep herders; to the Committee on the ·committee on the Judiciary. Joseph 0. Parker ______Attorney_ _.______$5, 164. 98 Judiciary. By Mr. JOSEPH L. PFEIFER: Altavene Clark ______Executive officer ___ _ 4, 304.15 H . R. 5712. A bill for the relief of Giuseppe John J. Heimburger___ Commodity and re- 4, 927.08 By Mr. TOLLEFSON: search specialist. H . R . 5699. A bill to provide for the trans­ Bucaro; to the Committee on the Judiciary. M abel C. Downey __ __ Clerk __ __ , ______4, 304.15 By Mr. ROOSEVELT: Ruth B. Phillips______Staff assistanL ••••• fer to Pierce County, Wash., of certain sur­ Lorraine Adamson ______do ______2, 325. 40 plus land in the Fort Lewis military reserva­ H . R. 5713. A bill for the relief of Fanny 1, 757. 55 tion; to the Committee on Armed Services. Tsihrintge Papan; to the Committee on the 1, 539. 56 ~I?t; l:e~foso~ :: : ::: : : ~: :: ~~:::::::::: : :::: 1,069. 42 By Mr. MULTER: Judiciary. Hugh H. Soper______Research specialist.. 1, 225. 40 H. R . 5700. A bill to provide for appeals to By Mr. TOLLEFSON: George L. Reid, Jr__ __ Staff assistant ______1, 495. 47 the Civil Service Commission in cases of em­ H. R. 5714. A bill for the relief of Charles Katherine D . Wheeler_ Assistant clerk ______953. 70 ployees improperly removed from the classi­ Cutter; to the Committee on the Judiciary. fied civil service, and for other purposes; to . By Mr. WHITE of Idaho: Funds authorized or appropriated for committee H. R. 3715. A bill for the relief of King expenditures . ___------$50, 000 the Committee on Post Oftice and · Civil Balance unexpended as of June 30, 1949 ______$50, 000 Service. Mayberry, to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. REED of New York: By Mr. GARMATZ: HAROLD 0. COOLEY, H. R. 5701. A bill to amend the Internal H. Res. 288. Resolution for the relief of Chairman. Revenue Code relative to the deductibility of Isabel Muth Meade; to the Committee on losses; to the Committee on Ways and House Administration. · COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS Means. JULY 8, 1949. By Mr. HOBBS: PETITIONS, ETC. H . R . 5702. A bill to amend the Legislative To the CLERK OF THE HOUSE: Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended, witli Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions The above-mentioned committee or sub­ respect to the presence of a quorum in meet­ and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk committee, pursuant to section 134 (b) of ings of committees of Congress; to the Com­ and referred as follows: · the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap­ mittee on RW.es. 1330. By Mr. HART: Petition of citizens By Mr. KEOGH: proved August 2, 1946, as amended, submits of the United States, residents of New Jer­ the following report showing the name, pro­ H . R. 5703. A bill to amend the Natural Gas sey, protesting against the imprisonment of Act approved June 21, 1938, as amended; to fession, and total salary of'each person em­ Archbishop .Stepinac and Cardinal Minds­ the Committee ·on Interstate and Foreign ployed by it during the 6-month period from zenty; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Commerce. January 1, 1949, to June 30, 1949, inclusive, By Mr. HERTER (by request): 1331. By Mr. RICH: Petition of Arthur H. together with total funds authorized or ap­ Weber and other residents of Williamsport, H. J . Res. 313. Joint resolution to create a propri~ted and expended by it: Commission to study and report on the feasi­ Pa., in opposition to H. R. 4643, the Barden bill; to the· Committee on Education and bilit y of constructing the Mexican Canal; to T otal the Committee on Merchant Marine and Labor. 1332. Also, petition of Rev. Leo J . Post and gross Fisheries. Name of employee Profession salary By Mr. BUCHANAN: parishion::·::; of St. Boniface Church, Wil­ during liamsport, Pa., in opposition to H. R. 4643, 6-month H. J. Res. 314. Joint resolution establishing period a commission to select a site and design for a the Barden bill; to the Committee on Edu­ cation and Labor. • memorial to the contributions of members of George Y . Harvey ____ T he clerk ______all religious faiths to American military and 1333. Also, petition of parishioners of $5, 164. 98 Church of the Annunciation, Williamsport, Kenneth Sprankle ____ T he assistant elerk __ 5, 164. 98 naval history; to the Committee on House William A. Duval!__ __ Second assistan t 4, 992. 90 Admin istration. Pa., in opposition to H. R. 4643, the Barden clerk. By Mr. O'NEILL: bill; to the Committee on Education a.nd Corhal D. Orescan ___ _ Assistant clerk ______4, 992. 90 Labor. Robert E . Lambert______do ______H . J. Res. 315. Joint resolution establishing Arthur Orr______do ______4, 961. 79 1334. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Swen 4, 663. 68 a com mission to select a site and design for a Robert P . Williams ______do ______4,334. 52 memorial to the' contribut ions of members of Swenson and others, Bristol, S. Oak., request­ Paul M . W ilson ______d o ______4 334 52 in g passage of H. R. 2135 and H. R . 2136, Claude E . Hobbs, Jr______do ______all religious faiths to American military and Jay B. Howe ______do ______4:005:36 n aval history; to the Committee on House known as the Townsend plan; to the Com­ Frank Sanders ______do ______4, 005. 36 mittee on Ways and Means. 3 206 46 Administration. Lawrence C. Miller. __ Junior assistan t 2: 516: 22 By Mr. ROOSEVELT: 1335. Also, pet it ion of Charles H. Nutting clerk. and others, Fift h Congressional Townsend G. Homer Skarin ______do ______H. Con. Res. 106. Concurrent resolution to Earl C .. Silsby ______do ______2, 309. 34 seek development of the United Nations Club, Daytona Beach, Fla., requesting pas­ 2, 102. 40 sage of H. R. 2135 and H. R. 2136, known as Melvin E . Lefever_ __ _ Clerk-stenographer._ 1, 895. 52 into a world federation; to the Committee Robert W. 'J'hompson ______do ______1, 695. 43 on Foreign Affairs. the Townsend plan; to the Committee on Watson L . Cormier ______do ______493. 90 Ways and Means. R alph A. O'Malley ______do ______1, 337. 38 1336. Also, petition of Mr. Frank G. New­ Sam H. NeeL ______Assistant clerk ______1, 459. 49 Robert M . Lewis ___ __ Messenger______1, 605. 84 PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS h art and ot hers, Orlando, Fla., requesting Frank B. Avery, J r_ __ Page ______1, 481. 70 p assage of H. R. 2135 and H. R. 2136, known Bruce R. Grindrod ______do ______1, 234. 75 Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private as the Townsend plan; to the Committee on E. L . Eckloff______Clerk to the major- 3, 337. 80 bill and resolutions were fotroduced and Ways and Means. ity. Robert E . Lee ______Clerk to the minor· "677.17 severally referred, as follows: 1337. Also, petit ion of Mr. 0. F. Horton and ity. By Mr. ANGELL: ot hers, Oviedo, Fla., requesting passage of Lawrence A. DiCenzo_ Clerk-stenographer 1,111119 H . R. 2135 and H . R. 2136, known as the to ranking minor­ H . R . 5704. A bill for the relief of Janis ity member. Shimada; to the .Committee on the Judi­ Townsend plan; to the Committee on Waya Dorothy Davis ______Clerk-stenographer 157. 96 ciary. and Mean•. to chairman. 9874 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 20

COMMITTD ON THE DISTRICT OP CoLUKBU Total Total JULY 15, 1949. gross gross salary To the CLER.K OF THE HOUSE: Name of employee Professlon salary Name of employee , Profession during ~:i~& 6-month The above-mentioned committee or sub­ period period committee, pursuant to section 134 (b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, Federal Bureau of In- Investigator______$771.80 vestigation: Reim- Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap­ Molly J. Turner ______Clerk-stenographer $31. 59 proved August 2, 1946, as amended, submits to subcommittee bursement for serv- chairman. ices of James J. the following report showing the name, pro­ 31. 59 Maloney. fession, and total salary of each person em­ 31. 59 ployed by it during the 6-month period from 31. 59 Funds authorized or appropriated !or com- Charlotte M. Plum- _____ do ______mittee expenditures ______$150, 000. 00 January 1, 1949, to June 30, 1949, inclusive, ~~~¥r~~~r~~======~~======31. 59 together with total funds authorized or ley. Amount of expenditures previously 31. 59 reported______31, 040. 80 appropriated and expended. by it: 31. 59 ~::J~:fe '\r.HJi~e:D.e:- =====~~====:::::::==== Amount expended from Jan. 1 to June 30, ment. 1949______31, 138. 1, 400. 57 n Total 1, 716. 49 gross Total amount expended from July 1, salary 1, 400. 57 1948, to June 30, 1949______62, 178. 92 Name of employee Profession 1, 579. 60 during 1, 579. 60 Balance unexpended as of June 30, 1949_____ 87, 821. 08 6-month ti~~iimm _~-Jt:~mm~-~ 947. 76 CLARENCE CANNON, period Dorothy A. Caddigan. _____ do ______1, 579. 60 Chairman. Helen S. Boyle ______do ______1, 337. 38 Annette L. Kelley ______do ______1, 263. 68 Mable Haller_------Staff director------$4, 159. 55 Norajean R. Ray ______do ______315. 92 ARMED SERVICES ·COMMITTEE Ruth Pingley ______Assistant clerk ______384. 89 JoseEh V. Gartlan, Jr ______do ______Jack Cable______Staff member ------2,889. fJ8 168. 48 JULY 5, 1949. W. N. McLeod ------Clerk ______Rut F. R~gstrom ______do ______315. 92 4, 894. 67 To the CJ:,ERK OF THE HOUSE: Ruth Butterworth____ Assistant clerk ______1, 854. 67 The above-mentioned committee or sub­ Charles Farmer ______Minority clerk______l, 650. 00 Funds authorized or appropriated for com- committee, pursuant to section 134 (b) of Charles Howe______Messenger_------424. 32 mittee expenditures.------$185, 000. 00 the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, Total______16, 257. 78 Amount of expenditures previously re- Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap.. ported______84, 190. 87 proved August 2, 1946, as amended, submits Funds authorized or appropriated for committee Amount expended from Jan. 1 to June 30, 1949______91, 570. 24 the following report showing the name, pro­ ;fession, and total salary of each person em­ B:if:~d:!~:enaea-·rui- "OTJ.iiile-3o:iii4 ii~ ====~==~ t~: 828 Total amount expended from July 1, ployed by it during the 6-month period from JOHN L. McMILLAN, 1948, to June 30, 1949 ______175, 761.11 January 1, 1949, to June 30, _1949, inclusive, Chairman. Balance unexpended as of June 30, 1949____ _ 9, 238. 89 together with total funds authorized or ap­ CLARENCE CANNON, propriated and expended by it: Chairman. COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR Total JULY 8, 1949. COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS (INVESTIGATIVE gross salary To the CLERK OF THE HOUSE: STAFF) Name of employee Profession during JULY 8, 1949. 6-month The above-mentioned committee or sub­ period committee, pursuant to section 134 (b) of To the C~K OF THE HOUSE: the Legisl.ative Reorganization Act of 1946, The above-mentioned committee or sub­ Robert H. Harper_____ Chief clerk ______$5, 164. 88 James Deakins ______.Assistant clerk ______2,014. 79 Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap­ committee, pursuant to section 134 (b) of John R. Blandford ____ Professional staff 5, 121. 44 proved August 2, 1946, as amended, submits the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, Clinton B. D. Brown ______member. do ______the following report showing the name, pro­ Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap­ 5, 095.11 fession, and total salary of each person em­ proved August 2, 1946, as amended, submits 5, 121. 44 ~~t:rw~~~~~: :::: =====~~======5, 121. 44 ployed by it during the 6-month period from the following report showing the name, pro­ Agnes H. Johnston ____ Secretary ______2, 532. 79 January 1, 1949, to June 30, 194!?, inclusive, fession, and total salary of each person em­ Rosemary Curry______Stenographer______2,338.'l:l together with total funds authorized or ployed by it during the 6-month period from Gladys E. Flanagan______do ______2,314. 73 Berniece Kalinowski ______do ______appropriated and expend.ed .bY it: January 1, 1949, to June 30, 1949, inclusive, 2, 338. 'l:l together with total funds authorized or ap­ Fun.ds authorized or appropriated for com- · propriated and expended by it: m1ttee expenditures.------$25, 000 Total Balance unexpended as of June 30, 1949 ______25,000 gross , Name of employee Profession salary Chairman. during Total 6-month gross period salary Nam!' or employee Profession COMMI'JTEE ON BANKING AND CURRENCY ::~~[b JULY 11, 1949. W. Manly Sheppard __ Chief clerk, Jan. 1 $746. 05 period To the CLERK OF . THE HOUSE: to 26. F. Albert Reiman.. ____ Assistant clerk (pro- 746.05 The above-mentioned committee or sub­ fessional staff), Edward E. Hargett___ Chief investigator __ _ $3, 596. 21 committee, pursuant to section 134 (b) of Robert E. Lee ______do______Jan. I to 26. m. 55 the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, Irving G. McCann____ Chief counsel (pro­ 746. 05 Orrin H. Bartlett.____ Investigator______3, 640.11 Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap­ fessional staff), 1, 741. 55 Jan. 1 to 26. 511. 72 proved August 2, 1946, as amended, submits Frank S. McArthur___ Investigator (pro­ 746. 05 919. 05 the following report showing the name, pro­ fessional staff), 612. 70 fession, and total salary of each person em­ Jan. 1to26 $~~~:~=~=~~Eugene F. Rinta ______=~Ji~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ do ______204. 22 ployed by it during the 6-month period from Bingham W. Mathias_ Minority clerk (pro­ 746. 05 Enid Morrison______Legal. clerk ______128. 29 fessional staff), Virginia A. Keep______Clerk stenographer__ 89.97 January 1, 1949, to June 30, 1949, inclusive, Jan. 1to26. Lois Moore ____ ------_____ do ______246. 9.5 together with total funds authorized or ap­ Joseph Koski______Chief clerk and exec- 4, 418. 93 Rena F. Sylvestre ______do ______1, 352. 24 propriated and expended by it: utive assistant, Lorene Hudgens ______do ______1, 307. 09 from Jan. 'Zl. Dorothy Davis ______do ______157. 96 John S. Forsythe ______General counsel 4, 218. 02 Federal Security Investigator______Total 1, 716. 47 gross (professional Agency: Reim- salary staff'), from Feb. 4. bursement for serv- Name of employee Profession during Joseph S. Jarosz______Research specialist 4, 418. 93 ices of David W. 6-month (professional Bishop. period staff). from Jan. Tennessee Valley Au- _____ do ______888.02 27. thority: Reimburse- Orh:ian. B. Fink______Professional stafi': __ _ $4,532.04 Frank E. Boyer------Investigator (pro­ 4, 418. 93 ment for services of Jo E. Barriere ______do ______3,057.16 fessional staff), Van Court Hare. William J. Hallahan__ Clerk ______from Jan. 27. 4, 268. 64 John 0. Graham______Minority clerk (pro- Navy Department: _____ do ------1,424.40 Elsie L. Gould______.Assistant clerk ______3,M.4. 50 4, 418. 93 Reimbursement for Margaret P. Battle... Stenographer ______2,309. 34 fessional staff), services of L. B. Helen E. Long______.Assistant clerk ______202.19 Frances A. Los ______.A!~fs~;~ie% ______FederalWilson. Bureau of In- _____ do ______2,598. 96 1,000.49 Funds authorized or appropriated tor committee ex- Eleanor Bare______.Ass.istant clerk from 2,223. 6l5 vestigation: Reim- penditures, none. , Jan. 'l:l. ~ary PEuline Smith__ .Assistant clerk ______bursement for serv- BUNT SPKNCJ:, 2, 593. 96 ices of Paul G. ~~aers.' G ii be rt _____ do._------2, 598. 96 Travers. Chatrman. 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE REORGANIZATION. fession, and total salary of each person em­ Total SUBCOMMITTEE. OF THE COMMITTEE ON EX­ ployed by it during the 6-month period from gross salary PENDITURES IN THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS May 1, 1949, to June 30, 1949, inclusive, Name 01 employee Profession ' during JUNE 30, 1949. . together with total funds authorized or 6-month appropriated and expended by it: period To the CLERK OF THE HOUSE: The above-mentioned committee or sub­ Myrtle S. Locher _____ Assi'stant clerk $2,598.96 committee, pursuant to section 134 (b) of Total (minority). the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, gross Jennie Ward Carter___ Clerk-stenographer, 375. 41 salary Jan. 1 to 26. Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap­ Name ot employee Profession during ' proved August 2, 1946, as amended, submits 6-month Funds authorized or appropriated the following report showing the name, pro­ period for committee expenditures ___ $15, 000. 00 fession, and total salary of each person em­ Amount expended from January 2 ployed by it during the 6-month period from Franklin D. Rogers, Clerk______i9o7. 72 to June 30------863.20 April 1, 1949, to June 30, 1949, inclusive, Jr. together with total funds authorized or Stationery supplies_ ___ ------30. 99 Balance ·unexpended as of appropriated and expended by it: July 1r 1949------;----- 14,136.80 · Tota: expenses __ ------93& 71 JOHN LESINSKI, Total Chairman. gross WILLIAM L. DAWSON, Chairman. Name of employee Profession salary COMMITTEE ON EXPENDITURES IN THE EXECUTIVE