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La Ictiofauna Del Refugio De Vida Silvestre Bocas Del Polochic Y La Cuenca Del Lago De Izabal: Composición, Distribución Y Ecología

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La Ictiofauna Del Refugio De Vida Silvestre Bocas Del Polochic Y La Cuenca Del Lago De Izabal: Composición, Distribución Y Ecología ORGANIZACIÓN DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA LA EDUCACIÓN, LA CIENCIA Y LA CULTURA UNIVERSIDAD DEL VALLE DE GUATEMALA La ictiofauna del Refugio de Vida Silvestre Bocas del Polochic y la cuenca del lago de Izabal: composición, distribución y ecología Investigadora principal: Liseth Carolina Pérez Alvarado Investigadores participantes: María Renée Álvarez Ángela Mojica Margaret Dix Michael Dix ÍNDICE Pág. I. INTRODUCCIÓN............................................................................................................................................1 A. ANTECEDENTES......................................................................................................................................2 B. JUSTIFICACIÓN......................................................................................................................................12 C. OBJETIVOS..............................................................................................................................................13 D. HIPÓTESIS...............................................................................................................................................14 II. METODOLOGÍA..........................................................................................................................................15 A. Investigación inicial..................................................................................................................................15 1. Revisión de colecciones de peces.........................................................................................................15 2. Viajes de campo....................................................................................................................................15 3. Elaboración de mapas de sitios con muestreos.....................................................................................16 B. Trabajo en laboratorio UVG......................................................................................................................16 1. Revisión de la identificación de los peces............................................................................................16 2. Mediciones de longitud de los especímenes.........................................................................................16 3. Análisis estomacal................................................................................................................................16 C. Elaboración de la guía de identificación...................................................................................................17 1. Inventario de especies de peces............................................................................................................17 2. Mapas de distribución de las especies..................................................................................................17 3. Clave dicotómica e ilustraciones..........................................................................................................17 4. Fichas descriptivas de cada especie......................................................................................................17 III. RESULTADOS............................................................................................................................................19 A. Especies encontradas, su distribución y ecología....................................................................................19 1. Especies encontradas...........................................................................................................................19 2. Especies nativas, endémicas e introducidas del lago de Izabal............................................................22 3. Origen de las especies de peces del lago de Izabal..............................................................................25 4. Importancia de las especies de peces del lago de Izabal......................................................................27 5. Mapas y distribución............................................................................................................................31 a. Sitios de muestreo en el lago de Izabal..............................................................................................31 b. Especies por sitio de muestreo..........................................................................................................32 c. Número de especies por sitio de muestreo........................................................................................34 6. Análisis estomacal.................................................................................................................................35 a. Dieta...................................................................................................................................................35 IV. DISCUSIÓN..........………………………………………………………………………………............... .37 V. CONCLUSIONES........…….......……………………………………………………………………….......43 VI. RECOMENDACIONES..............……………………………………………………………………….....44 VII. AGRADECIMIENTOS...............................................................................................................................45 VIII. LITERATURA CITADA..........………….………………………………………………........................45 IX. APENDICES................................................................................................................................................50 A. Fichas descriptivas por sitio de muestreo...............................................................................................50 B. Claves dicotómicas y fichas descriptivas de los peces del lago de Izabal………..................................76 1. Diagramas de ayuda para el uso de las claves dicotómicas……………………..................................77 2. Clave dicotómica para las familias de peces del lago de Izabal……………………….................. ......78 3. Guía de cómo utilizar las fichas descriptivas........................................................................................85 4. Familia Achiridae……...…………………………………………………….......................................87 a. Trinectes paulistanus ………...…………………………………………………………………......88 5. Familia Ariidae………………………………………………………………………………………..90 a. Arius seemani …...…………………………………………………………………………………..91 b. Bagre marinus ……………………………………………………………………………………...93 c. Cathorops aguadulce …...……………………………………………………………………..........95 d. Cathorops melanopus ……………………………………………………………………………...96 e. Hexanematichthys assimilis .....……….…..……………………………………..............................97 f. Hexanematichthys guatemalensis .....……………………………………………….........................99 g. Potamarius izabalensis ....................................................................................................................101 6. Familia Atherinidae………………………………………………………….....................................102 a. Atherinella sp…………………………………………………………………...............................103 7. Familia Belonidae……………………………………………………................................................105 a. Strongylura notata …...………………………………………………………………....................106 8. Familia Carangidae……………………………………………………….........................................108 a. Caranx latus …...……………………………………………….....................................................109 b. Oligoplites palometa …................................................…………...................................................111 c. Oligoplites saurus ………………………………………………………....................................... .113 d. Trachinotus falcatus ……………………………………………………………………………....115 9. Familia Carcharhinidae ...…………………………………………………………………………...117 a. Carcharhinus leucas ……...………………...…………………………………………………...118 10. Familia Centropomidae.……………………………………………………....................................120 a. Centropomus ensiferus …...…………………………………………………................................121 b. Centropomus parallelus ………………………………………………………………………….123 c. Centropomus undecimalis ...…………………………………………….......................................125 11. Familia Characidae……………...……………………………………………………....................127 a. Astyanax aeneus ………………………………………………………….....................................128 b. Brycon dentex …………………………………………………...………………………………..130 c. Brycon guatemalensis …………………….………………………………….................................131 d. Hyphessobrycon compressus…… ………………………………..……………………………….133 e. Hyphessobrycon milleri ………………………………………………..........................................135 12. Familia Cichlidae.…………………………………………………………………………………..136 a. Amphilopus robertsoni …………………………………………………………………………....138 b. Archocentrus spilurus .........……………………………………………………………………....140 c. Archocentrus spinosissimus .....................…..…………………………………………………….142 d. Cichlasoma bocourti…………………………………………………...……………………….....143 e. Cichlasoma octofasciatum ………………………………………………………………………..145 f. Cichlasoma salvini.. …………………………………………………………………………….....147 g. Cichlasoma urophthalmus ..…………………………………………………………………….....149 h. Oreochromis mossambicus ..………………………………………………………………………151 i. Oreochromis niloticus niloticus ..………………………………………………..............................153 j. Parachromis friedrichsthalii …………………………………………………………………….....155 k. Parachromis managuensis ..…………………………………………………………………….....157 l. Parachromis motaguensis ………………………………………………………………………….159 ll. Theraps irregularis ..……………………………………………………………………………….161 m. Thorichthys aureus ..…………………………………………………............................................162 n. Vieja
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